Semicolons A Power Point presentation with examples and exercises © Laura Torres 2014 all rights reserved. www.teacherspayteachers.com/Store/Laura-Torres image courtesy of pakom / FreeDigitalPhotos.net When do I use a semicolon? Use a semicolon to join two independent clauses that are closely related. Use a semicolon to divide items in a series when one or more of the items contain commas. Use a semicolon to join two independent clauses (complete sentences) that are closely related. Giraffes are the tallest mammal in the world; their legs are taller than an average man. The two clauses in the sentence are independent. Each can stand alone as a complete sentence. image courtesy of anankkml / FreeDigitalPhotos.net Correct: A baby giraffe can stand up half an hour after birth; it can run after only ten hours. Both clauses are independent clauses. Incorrect: A baby giraffe can stand up half an hour after birth; and it can run after only ten hours. The second clause is a dependent clause. It can’t stand alone as a sentence. Incorrect: A baby giraffe can do amazing things such as; run after only ten hours. Both clauses are dependent clauses. They can’t stand alone as sentences. Use a semicolon with two complete sentences joined by a transitional expression that functions as a conjunctive adverb. A giraffe’s long neck helps it spot predators and find food in the treetops; however, its neck is too short to reach the ground. To get a drink from a water hole, giraffes must bend down in an awkward position with their legs spread; consequently, this makes them vulnerable to predators. Both clauses must still be independent in order to use a semicolon. Correct: Giraffes are usually silent, but they can make sounds; for example, they can hiss, whistle, and bellow. Both clauses are independent clauses. Incorrect: Giraffes are usually silent, but they can makes sounds; for example, hissing, whistling, and bellowing. The second clause is a dependent clause. It can’t stand alone as a sentence. Common Conjunctive Adverbs Accordingly Consequently Finally For example Furthermore However Indeed Moreover Nevertheless Otherwise Subsequently Therefore Thus Use a semicolon to divide items in a series when one or more of the items contain commas. Giraffes are found in Africa in savannas, with coarse grass and scattered trees; grassland, with perennial grasses; or open woodland, with low-density forest, shrubs, and grasses. . image courtesy of anankkml / FreeDigitalPhotos.net Incorrect: Giraffes are found in Africa in savannas, with coarse grass and scattered trees, grassland, with perennial grasses, or open woodland, with low-density forest, shrubs, and grasses. Incorrect: Giraffes are found in Africa in savannas; grassland; and open woodland. Incorrect: Giraffes are found in Africa in places such as; savannas, grassland, and open woodland. Choose the sentence that is punctuated correctly: 1 a. Giraffes have some things in common with cows such as; they have several stomachs and make mooing sounds. b. Giraffes have some things in common with cows; they have several stomachs and make mooing sounds. 2 a. Leaves, including the favorite acacia leaves; also supply water for giraffes. b. Leaves, including the favorite acacia leaves, also supply water for giraffes. 3 a. A giraffe can sprint 35 mph; furthermore, a giraffe can run 10 mph for an hour or more. b. A giraffe can sprint 35 mph, furthermore; a giraffe can run 10 mph for an hour or more. Choose the sentence that is punctuated correctly: 1 a. Giraffes have some things in common with cows such as; they have several stomachs and make mooing sounds. b. Giraffes have some things in common with cows; they have several stomachs and make mooing sounds. 2 a. Leaves, including the favorite acacia leaves; also supply water for giraffes. b. Leaves, including the favorite acacia leaves, also supply water for giraffes. 3 a. A giraffe can sprint 35 mph; furthermore, a giraffe can run 10 mph for an hour or more. b. A giraffe can sprint 35 mph, furthermore; a giraffe can run 10 mph for an hour or more. 4 a. In addition to six-foot legs, a giraffe has these amazing features: plate-size hooves, which help protect their young, a two-foot long heart, which weighs 20 pounds, and a 21-inch tongue, which helps to pluck leaves. b. In addition to six-foot legs, a giraffe has these amazing features: plate-size hooves, which help protect their young; a two-foot long heart, which weighs 20 pounds; and a 21-inch tongue, which helps to pluck leaves. 5 a. No two giraffes have the same spot pattern, but giraffes from the same area have similar patterns. b. No two giraffes have the same spot pattern; but giraffes from the same area have similar patterns. 4 a. In addition to six-foot legs, a giraffe has these amazing features: plate-size hooves, which help protect their young, a two-foot long heart, which weighs 20 pounds, and a 21-inch tongue, which helps to pluck leaves. b. In addition to six-foot legs, a giraffe has these amazing features: plate-size hooves; which help protect their young; a two-foot long heart, which weighs 20 pounds; and a 21-inch tongue, which helps to pluck leaves. 5 a. No two giraffes have the same spot pattern, but giraffes from the same area have similar patterns. b. No two giraffes have the same spot pattern; but giraffes from the same area have similar patterns. The End THE ORIGINAL PURCHASER OF THIS DOCUMENT IS GRANTED PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE THE PAGES IN NEEDED QUANTITIES FOR THE PURCHASER'S CLASSROOM ONLY. MINOR EDITING IS ALLOWED; THE DOCUMENT REMAINS UNDER COPYRIGHT EVEN WHEN EDITED. DUPLICATION FOR OTHER CLASSES OR BY OTHER TEACHERS OR FOR USE IN WIDE DISTRIBUTION AS WITHIN A SCHOOL DISTRICT OR ON THE INTERNET IN ANY FORM IS STRICTLY FORBIDDEN. VIOLATIONS ARE SUBJECT TO THE PENALTIES OF THE DIGITAL MILLENNIUM COPYRIGHT ACT. One classroom use only. © Laura Torres 2013 Visit my Store at http://www.teacherspayteachers.com/Store/Laura-Torres for more teaching resources! image courtesy of pakom / FreeDigitalPhotos.net