Chapter 28
The Relative Pronoun
Who, whom, whose, which and that - helps a
simple sentence become complex.
The poet tells a story about a girl.
The girl has come to America on a visit.
The poet tells a story about a girl who has
come to America on a visit.
Make a complex sentence out of each.
a.
The girl is dancing with everybody.
b.
The girl likes you.
a.
I love the poet.
b.
The poet has come from Italy.
a.
A teacher will forget your past mistakes.
b.
A teacher wants you to do well.
A relative clause is that part of a sentence which
is introduced by a relative pronoun and has its
own subject and verb.
The boys whom you see are football players.
What is the relative clause?
whom you see
If the relative clause is removed, the main clause is
left. What is the main clause?
The boys are football players.
The noun or pronoun to which the relative
pronoun refers is called the antecedent.
The boys is the antecedent in the previous
sentence.
Antecedent - ante, before
cedo, go
The town which they built . . .
The students whose work we praise . . .
The children to whom you give the money . . .
The men who work in the town . . .
The house that Jack built . . .
Activity 1 - underline the relative clause and circle the
antecedent
1.
The soldiers whom the king commanded have laid
down their arms.
2.
He gave money which was not his to people whom
he did not know.
3.
The weapons that my father carries to war are
too heavy for me.
4.
The man who seeks truth will never find gold.
5.
The girls whom you see are my daughters.
6.
The boys to whom you gave the money have left
town.
7.
The woman with whom you were dancing is my
wife.
8.
The sword by which you cut the knot once
belonged to Alexander the Great.
9.
We who are your friends will never betray you.
Case, Number and Gender
The relative pronoun:
1.
subject
who is always the _____________
and in
nominative
the______________
case.
2.
whom is __________the
never
subject, it is used as
object
some kind of _____________(direct
object,
indirect object, or object of the preposition) accusative
dative
______________,
_______________,
or
______________
ablative
3.
whose indicates _______________and
possession
is always
genitive
in _______________case.
I love the girl who is in the picture.
I love the girl whom you see in the picture.
What is the subject of the relative clause in the
first sentence?
who
What is the subject of the relative clause in
the second sentence?
you
Activity 2: Decide whether who or whom is correct
1.
I know many (who or whom) ______ will not work.
2.
They praised the man (who or whom) _______ we
all admire.
3.
We are working with men (who or whom) ______
do not know us.
4.
You have met a woman (who or whom) _______
everyone admires.
5.
We seek an honest man (who or whom) _____
wants to work.
6.
I like someone (who or whom) ______ knows you.
7.
I like someone (who or whom) ______ you know.
8.
Those (who or whom) ______ live by the sword
will die by the sword.
9.
Those (who or whom) ______ you have chosen
are all good men.
10.
We give money to those (who or whom) ______
need it.
Case of the Relative Pronoun
Determined by its use in its own clause
I love a girl who does not love me.
I love a girl whom you love too.
nominative
Who in the first sentence would be in the _________________
subject
case in Latin because it is the ___________________
of the
relative clause.
accusative
Whom in the second sentence would be in the ________________
direct
object
in Latin because it is the ______________
_______________
of the relative clause.
Activity 3 - match
a. subject
_____ 1. After dinner the men gave their
wives presents.
b. possessive, of
_____ 2. The teacher gave their grades to the
students.
c. indirect object
_____ 3. Some of the children are here.
d. direct object
_____ 4. He destroyed the evidence with fire.
e. abl. obj. of prep.
_____ 5. There are sharks in the water.
f. abl./means or instrum. _____ 6. They want their pay.
Activity 4 - match
a. subject
_____ 1. The boy to whom you gave the book is
gone.
b. possessive, of
_____ 2. The town in which I live is very
small.
c. indirect object
_____ 3. The water with which you put out
the fire has evaporated.
d. direct object
_____ 4. The children, some of whom are
usually polite, left without . . .
e. abl. obj. of prep.
_____ 5. The people whom you see are
from France.
f. abl./means or instr.
_____ 6. He gave the flowers to a girl who
lives on my block.
The gender and number of the
relative pronoun is determined
by its antecedent.
I like the men whom I see in the
picture.
Whom is masculine and plural
becasue of men.
masculine
nom: qui
gen: cuius
femine
neuter
who, which, that
quae
quod
whose, of whom
cuius
cuius
cui
cui
quam
quod
qua
quo
dat:
cui
acc:
quem
abl:
quo
to, for whom
whom
prep & whom
which, that
of which, that
to, for which, that
which, that
prep & which
masculine
feminine
neuter
nom:
qui
quae
quae
gen:
quorum
quarum
quorum
dat:
quibus
quibus
quibus
acc:
quos
quas
quae
abl:
quibus
quibus
quibus
Activity 5 - Underline the relative pronoun and draw an arrow to the
antecedent. Then translate the sentence and give the
gender, number and case for the pronoun.
1.
Sextus est puer strenuus qui saepe in agris et in
horto currit.
gender: masculine because the antecedent puer is
masculine
number: singular because the antecedent puer is
singular
case: subject because it is being used as
the subject in its clause
2.
Davus omnes servos in aream quae est prope villam
venīre iubet.
gender:
number:
case:
3.
Aurelia et Cornelia spectabant rusticos qui in
agris laborabant.
gender:
number:
case:
4.
Marcus pede vexabat Corneliam quae dormīre
volebat.
gender:
number:
case:
5.
“Lecticarii, quos vobis conduxi, vos domum
ferent,” inquit Titus.
gender:
number:
case:
6.
“Hic est arcus,” inquit Titus, “quem --”
gender:
number:
case:
7.
Sextus iam cogitabat de omnibus rebus quas Titus
heri narraverat.
gender:
number:
case:
8.
Boves lapides quadratos in plaustro trahebant
ad novum aedificium quod Caesar conficit.
gender:
number:
case:
9.
Sunt multi homines scelesti qui bona civium
arripiunt.
gender:
number:
case: