COLD WAR TERMS:
1.
PART TWO
SPUTNIK, 1957 USSR LAUNCHED THE WORLDS FIRST SPACE
SATELLITE, SHOCKED THE US WHO BELIEVED THEY WERE AHEAD
OF THE SOVIET UNION IN ALL SCIENTIFIC FIELDS
2. HYDROGEN BOMB, NEW TYPE OF BOMB THAT WAS 150 TIMES MORE
POWERFUL THAN THE A-BOMBS DROPPED DURING WW II, NOV
1952; USSR HAD ONE A YEAR LATER
3. JOHN FOSTER DULLES, EISENHOWER SECRETARY OF STATE, HE
HATED COMMUNISM AND WANTED TO ROLL IT BACK BUT THAT
WOULD HAVE STARTED A WAR SO CONTAINMENT CONTINUED TO BE
US POLICY
4. SEATO, SOUTHEAST TREATY ORGANIZATION, 1954, US DEFENSIVE
ALLIANCE WITH NATIONS IN SOUTHEAST ASIA
5. CENTO, US MILITARY ALLIANCE IN THE MIDDLE EAST
6. MASSIVE RETALIATION, EISENHOWER/DULLES POLICY THAT TOLD
THE USSR WE WOULD ATTACK THEM WITH NUCLEAR WEAPONS IF
THEY TRIED ANOTHER KOREAN WAR
7. BRINKMANSHIP, NAME GIVEN TO DULLES MASSIVE RETALIATION, HE
WAS WILLING TO GO TO THE BRINK OF NUCLEAR WAR TO STOP
THE SOVIETS, SCARED MANY PEOPLE
8.
FIRST WORLD, US, WESTERN EUROPEAN
POWERFUL INDUSTRIAL NATIONS
DEMOCRACIES,
RICH
9. SECOND WORLD, USSR, CHINA AND THE COMMUNIST NATIONS OF
EASTERN EUROPE
10. THIRD WORLD, ALL NATIONS THAT WERE NOT IN THE FIRST OR
SECOND, AGRICULTURAL WAY OF LIFE, WIDESPREAD POVERTY AND
ILLITERACY AND A HISTORY OF WESTERN COLONIAL RULE
11. NEW NATIONS, NEWLY INDEPENDENT COUNTRIES BEGAN TO EMERGE
IN AFRICA AND ASIA AS A RESULT OF THEIR FORMER COLONIAL
MASTERS PROBLEMS AT HOME AND INDEPENDENCE MOVEMENTS
WITHIN THE NATIONS THEMSELVES
12.
PROBLEMS OF NEW NATIONS, POVERTY, SOCIAL INEQUALITY,
DOMINATION BY FOREIGN INVESTORS, IT WOULD BE A STRUGGLE
FOR THEM TO BECOME ECONOMICALLY INDEPENDENT AFTER
ACHIEVING POLITICAL INDEPENDENCE
13. BATTLE GROUND, WHAT THE THIRD WORLD BECAME AS BOTH THE
FIRST AND SECOND WORLD USED THEM IN A STRUGGLE FOR WORLD
DOMINATION
14. MIDDLE EAST, REGION OF THE WORLD THAT HAD MANY PROBLEMS
DURING THE 1950'S AND AFTER
15. ISRAEL, JEWISH NATION SET UP BY THE UNITED NATIONS IN
1948 TO MAKE UP FOR THE 6 MILLION JEWS MURDERED BY
GERMANY DURING WW II
16. ARAB ISRAELI WAR, AFTER THE UN DECLARED ISRAEL A NATION
ARMIES FROM 9 ARAB STATES INVADED AND BUT FAILED IN
THEIR ATTEMPT TO DESTROY THE NEW ISRAEL IN 1948
17.
IRAN, IRAN'S RICH OILFIELDS WERE OWNED BY BRITISH
COMPANIES WHO TOOK MOST OF THE PROFIT, IN 1951 A
MOSSADEGH BECAME PRIME MINISTER OF IRAN AND NATIONALIZED
THE OIL FIELDS ANGERING BRITAIN AND THE US
18. NATIONALIZATION, TAKING PRIVATELY OWNED INDUSTRIES AWAY
FROM THEIR OWNERS AND PUTTING THEM UNDER GOVERNMENT
CONTROL
19. WEST OR WESTERN WORLD, TERM DESCRIBING THE UNITED STATES
AND ITS ALLIES/ EAST REFERS TO USSR AND HER ALLIES
20. CIA, CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY, US GOV’T AGENCY THAT IS
IN CHARGE OF SPYING AND CONDUCTING UNDERCOVER ACTIVITIES
IN FOREIGN NATIONS
21. SUEZ CANAL, MAN MADE CANAL IN EGYPT THAT CONNECTED THE
MEDITERRANEAN WITH THE INDIAN OCEAN, CONTROLLED BY
BRITAIN UNTIL 1954
22. GAMAL ABDEL NASSER, NATIONALIST LEADER OF EGYPT WHO TRIED
TO GET MONEY AND SUPPORT FROM BOTH THE WEST AND EAST,
PLAYING THEM OFF AGAINST EACH OTHER ANGERED THE US WHEN
DULLES FOUND OUT ABOUT IT
23. SUEZ WAR, NASSER SEIZED NATIONALIZED THE SUEZ CANAL AND
REFUSED TO ALLOW ISRAELI SHIPS TO USE IT, IN 1956 ISRAEL
INVADED AND DEFEATED EGYPT WHILE BRITAIN AND FRANCE
CAPTURED THE CANAL, BUT THE US FORCED ISRAEL, FRANCE AND
BRITAIN TO LEAVE EGYPT
24.HUNGARIAN UPRISING OCT. 1956 THE HUNGARIAN PEOPLE REVOLTED
AGAINST CONTROL OF THEIR NATION BY THE SOVIET UNION ,
USSR QUICKLY CRUSHED THE REBELLION AND THE US DID
NOTHING TO HELP THE HUNGARIANS SHOWING THAT CONTAINMENT
NOT ROLLBACK WAS THE US POLICY
25. GUATEMALA, WHEN A POPULAR GUATEMALAN LEADER SEIZED THE
PROPERTY OF THE UNITED FRUIT COMPANY THE CIA LED A
REVOLT WHICH SET UP A NEW GOV’T WHICH GAVE THE PROPERTY
BACK TO UNITED FRUIT
26. KHRUSHCHEV HE BECAME THE LEADER OF THE SOVIET UNION AFTER
STALIN DIED IN 1953, IN A SPEECH HE TOLD ABOUT THE
CRIMES STALIN HAD COMMITTED AND THERE WAS NOW HOPE THAT
RELATIONS BETWEEN THE EAST AND WEST MIGHT IMPROVE
27. U-2 INCIDENT, A US SPY PLANE (U-2) WAS SHOT DOWN OVER THE
SOVIET UNION, KHRUSHCHEV CANCELLED PLANS FOR A SUMMIT
MEETING WITH EISENHOWER AND RELATION BETWEEN THE TWO
SEEMED AS DANGEROUS AS EVER
28. ELECTION OF 1956, EISENHOWER WAS REELECTED IN ANOTHER
LANDSLIDE
29. VIETNAM WAR, WAR TO DEFEND SOUTH VIETNAM FROM COMMUNIST
TAKEOVER, FROM EARLY 1960'S TO 1973, COST 150 BILLION
AND WE LOST AFTER LOSING NEARLY 60,000 MEN
30. FRENCH INDOCHINA, NAME FOR VIETNAM, LAOS, AND CAMBODIA
THAT WERE ALL TAKEN OVER AND RULED AS FRENCH COLONIES IN
THE 19TH CENTURY, NATIVE PEOPLES ALWAYS RESISTED FRENCH
CONTROL
31.
HO CHI MINH, COMMUNIST LEADER OF THE VIETNAMESE
INDEPENDENCE MOVEMENT WHO FOUGHT FOR HIS COUNTRIES
FREEDOM SINCE THE 1920'S
32. VIETMINH, NAME FOR THE PEOPLE WHO FOUGHT FOR VIETNAMESE
INDEPENDENCE
33. WORLD WAR II, VIETMINH HELPED THE U.S. FIGHT THE JAPANESE
AND EXPECTED THE U.S. TO SUPPORT THEIR INDEPENDENCE
AFTER THE WAR BUT WE HELPED THE FRENCH RETURN
34. FRENCH INDOCHINA WAR, 1946-1954, THE FRENCH, BACKED BY
THE U.S., FOUGHT THE VIETMINH SUPPORTED BY CHINA AND THE USSR
35. DIEN BIEN PHU, LAST BATTLE OF THE FRENCH INDOCHINA WAR,
THE VIETMINH WON AND EXPECTED COMPLETE INDEPENDENCE
36. GENEVA CONFERENCE, CONFERENCE THAT DECIDED THE FATE OF
VIETNAM AFTER THE FRENCH DEFEAT IN 1954,INSTEAD OF THE
VIETMINH GAINING COMPLETE CONTROL VIETNAM WAS SPLIT INTO
TWO SEPARATE NATIONS (NORTH AND SOUTH VIETNAM) FOR TWO
YEARS WHEN ELECTIONS WERE TO BE HELD TO UNITE THE
NATION. THE ELECTIONS WERE NEVER HELD AS THE U.S. FEARED
THE COMMUNISTS WOULD WIN
37. SOUTH VIETNAM, NON COMMUNIST NATION SET UP BY THE US, WE
DID NOT ALLOW ELECTIONS TO BE HELD IN FEAR THAT
COMMUNIST HO CHI MINH WOULD BE ELECTED LEADER OF ALL
VIETNAM
38. DOMINO THEORY, U.S. BELIEF THAT IF WE ALLOWED SOUTH
VIETNAM TO BECOME COMMUNIST OTHER NATIONS IN SOUTHEAST
ASIA WOULD FALL TO COMMUNISM LIKE DOMINOS
39. NGO DINH DIEM, LEADER THE U.S. CHOOSE TO RULE SOUTH
VIETNAM, HE TURNED OUT TO BE CORRUPT, DICTATORIAL, AND
UNPOPULAR AND USED MILLIONS OF U.S. AID DOLLARS TO MAKE
HIMSELF AND HIS FAMILY RICH INSTEAD OF HELPING HIS
PEOPLE
40. VIETCONG, INSULT TERM FOR THE NATIONAL LIBERATION FRONT,
MILITARY GROUP FORMED TO OVERTHROW DIEM, THEY STARTED A
WAR AGAINST DIEM
41. COUP, OVERTHROW OF A GOVT.
42. OVERTHROW OF DIEM, IN 1963 DIEM WAS MURDERED AND THE
GOV’T THAT FOLLOWED COULD NOT CONTROL THE NATION LET
ALONE FIGHT AGAINST THE VC