1) Life history traits
• A) have higher heritability than most
morphological traits
• B) are weakly selected
• C) are optimized by selection acting across the
entire lifetime (lifetime reproductive success)
• D) all of the above
2) A life table
• A) gives a statistical summary of fitness as the
sum of lx*mx across all ages
• B) can be used to calculate age specific fitness
• C) can be used to calculate the fitness effects
of mutations that act late in life
• D) gives insight into why we grow old
• E) all of the above
3) How does high extrinsic mortality
alter life history traits
• A) it favors early reproduction
• B) it favors large numbers of small offspring
• C) it allows late acting deleterious mutations
to accumulate
• D) it favors early acting beneficial alleles even
if the same alleles are deleterious later in life
• E) all of the above
4) The Smith-Fretwell model of optimal offspring
size (from the parent point of view) assumes
A) A trade-off between size and survivorship of
offspring
B) That larger offspring survive better than
smaller ones
C) That more offspring are better, even if their
survival chances are worse
D) That organisms understand evolutionary
biology and can adjust their offspring size
5) senescence
• A) occurs because we wear out
• B) reflects a trade off between maintenance
and reproduction
• C) affects the lx but not the mx component of
fitness
• D) uh, I can’t remember because I’m getting
old