NRUCFC Headquarters Building
Sterling, VA
Architectural Engineering Senior Thesis
Margaret McNamara | Mechanical Option
Advisor | Dr. Stephen Treado
Project
Overview
Systems
Overview
Existing
Mech. System
Depth 1
Depth 2
Breadth 1
Introduction
Project Overview
Systems Overview
Existing Mechanical System
Depth1 | DOAS w. Chilled Beams
Depth 2 | Hybrid PVT Solar System
Breadth 1 | Electrical
Breadth 2 | Architectural
Conclusion
Acknowledgements
Questions
NRUCFC Headquarters Building | Margaret McNamara | Mechanical | Advisor Dr. Stephen Treado
Conclusion
Acknowledgements
Questions
Project
Overview
Systems
Overview
Existing
Mech. System
Depth 1
Depth 2
Breadth 1
Introduction
Project Overview
Systems Overview
Existing Mechanical System
Depth1 | DOAS w. Chilled Beams
Depth 2 | Hybrid PVT Solar System
Breadth 1 | Electrical
Breadth 2 | Architectural
Conclusion
Acknowledgements
Questions
NRUCFC Headquarters Building | Margaret McNamara | Mechanical | Advisor Dr. Stephen Treado
Conclusion
Acknowledgements
Questions
Project
Overview
Systems
Overview
Existing
Mech. System
Depth 1
Depth 2
Breadth 1
Introduction
Project Overview
Systems Overview
Existing Mechanical System
Depth1 | DOAS w. Chilled Beams
Depth 2 | Hybrid PVT Solar System
Breadth 1 | Electrical
Breadth 2 | Architectural
Conclusion
Acknowledgements
Questions
NRUCFC Headquarters Building | Margaret McNamara | Mechanical | Advisor Dr. Stephen Treado
Conclusion
Acknowledgements
Questions
Project
Overview
Systems
Overview
Existing
Mech. System
Depth 1
Depth 2
Breadth 1
Introduction
Project Overview
Systems Overview
Existing Mechanical System
Depth1 | DOAS w. Chilled Beams
Depth 2 | Hybrid PVT Solar System
Breadth 1 | Electrical
Breadth 2 | Architectural
Conclusion
Acknowledgements
Questions
NRUCFC Headquarters Building | Margaret McNamara | Mechanical | Advisor Dr. Stephen Treado
Conclusion
Acknowledgements
Questions
Project
Overview
Systems
Overview
Existing
Mech. System
Depth 1
Depth 2
Breadth 1
Introduction
Project Overview
Systems Overview
Existing Mechanical System
Depth1 | DOAS w. Chilled Beams
Depth 2 | Hybrid PVT Solar System
Breadth 1 | Electrical
Breadth 2 | Architectural
Conclusion
Acknowledgements
Questions
NRUCFC Headquarters Building | Margaret McNamara | Mechanical | Advisor Dr. Stephen Treado
Conclusion
Acknowledgements
Questions
Project
Overview
Systems
Overview
Existing
Mech. System
Depth 1
Depth 2
Breadth 1
Introduction
Project Overview
Systems Overview
Existing Mechanical System
Depth1 | DOAS w. Chilled Beams
Depth 2 | Hybrid PVT Solar System
Breadth 1 | Electrical
Breadth 2 | Architectural
Conclusion
Acknowledgements
Questions
NRUCFC Headquarters Building | Margaret McNamara | Mechanical | Advisor Dr. Stephen Treado
Conclusion
Acknowledgements
Questions
Project
Overview
Systems
Overview
Existing
Mech. System
Depth 1
Depth 2
Breadth 1
Introduction
Project Overview
Systems Overview
Existing Mechanical System
Depth1 | DOAS w. Chilled Beams
Depth 2 | Hybrid PVT Solar System
Breadth 1 | Electrical
Breadth 2 | Architectural
Conclusion
Acknowledgements
Questions
NRUCFC Headquarters Building | Margaret McNamara | Mechanical | Advisor Dr. Stephen Treado
Conclusion
Acknowledgements
Questions
Project
Overview
Systems
Overview
Existing
Mech. System
Depth 1
Depth 2
Breadth 1
Introduction
Project Overview
Systems Overview
Existing Mechanical System
Depth1 | DOAS w. Chilled Beams
Depth 2 | Hybrid PVT Solar System
Breadth 1 | Electrical
Breadth 2 | Architectural
Conclusion
Acknowledgements
Questions
NRUCFC Headquarters Building | Margaret McNamara | Mechanical | Advisor Dr. Stephen Treado
Conclusion
Acknowledgements
Questions
Project
Overview
Systems
Overview
Existing
Mech. System
Depth 1
Depth 2
Breadth 1
Introduction
Project Overview
Systems Overview
Existing Mechanical System
Depth1 | DOAS w. Chilled Beams
Depth 2 | Hybrid PVT Solar System
Breadth 1 | Electrical
Breadth 2 | Architectural
Conclusion
Acknowledgements
Questions
NRUCFC Headquarters Building | Margaret McNamara | Mechanical | Advisor Dr. Stephen Treado
Conclusion
Acknowledgements
Questions
Project
Overview
Systems
Overview
Existing
Mech. System
Depth 1
Depth 2
Breadth 1
Introduction
Project Overview
Systems Overview
Existing Mechanical System
Depth1 | DOAS w. Chilled Beams
Depth 2 | Hybrid PVT Solar System
Breadth 1 | Electrical
Breadth 2 | Architectural
Conclusion
Acknowledgements
Questions
NRUCFC Headquarters Building | Margaret McNamara | Mechanical | Advisor Dr. Stephen Treado
Conclusion
Acknowledgements
Questions
Project
Overview
Systems
Overview
Existing
Mech. System
Project Overview
Building Type | Office Building
Depth 1
Depth 2
Breadth 1
Conclusion
Acknowledgements
Questions
Project Team
Project Overview
Architect | Kishimoto.Gordon.Dalaya PC
Size | 120,000 GSF
Interior Architect | Fox Architects
Number of Stories | 3 above grade
Landscape Architect | EDAW
Construction Dates | Nov. 2009-Sept. 2011
Site/Civil Engineers | Dewberry
Project Cost | $45 million
Structural Engineers | SK&A
Project Delivery Method | Design-Bid-Build
MEP Engineers | WSP Flack + Kurtz
LEED Consultants | Sustainable Design Cunsulting
N
Location | Sterling, VA
NRUCFC Headquarters Building | Margaret McNamara | Mechanical | Advisor Dr. Stephen Treado
General Contractor | Whiting-Turner
Project
Overview
Systems
Overview
Existing
Mech. System
Electrical/Lighting System
Depth 1
Depth 2
Breadth 1
Architecture
Conclusion
Acknowledgements
Questions
Structural System
Foundation| Combination of isolated columns and
Generators | Two pad-mounted 600kW generators serve
strip wall footings with a 5” slab-on grade
emergency power and required standby service
Frame | Steel Frame that utilizes composite beams
Microturbines | Two 65 kW microturbines serve data
and slabs
center
Atrium | Arched trusses made of HSS members
Lighting | Daylight sensors and occupancy sensors
form atrium dome with an oculus
control the lighting
NRUCFC Headquarters Building | Margaret McNamara | Mechanical | Advisor Dr. Stephen Treado
Project
Overview
Systems
Overview
Existing
Mech. System
Depth 1
Depth 2
Breadth 1
Air Side Summary
Conclusion
Acknowledgements
Questions
Water Side Summary
Four Rooftop AHUs | 18,000-24, 000 CFM
Cooling | Two 210 ton electric centrifugal chillers
Fan Powered Boxes | Perimeter Heating and Cooling
located in first floor central plant
VAV Boxes | Interior Heating and Cooling
Heating | Two high efficiency natural gas boilers
located in the penthouse
Atrium Heating and Cooling
Ground Source Heat Pumps
Radiant Flooring
NRUCFC Headquarters Building | Margaret McNamara | Mechanical | Advisor Dr. Stephen Treado
Project
Overview
Systems
Overview
Existing
Mech. System
Depth 1
Depth 2
Breadth 1
Depth 1 | DOAS with Chilled Beams
Conclusion
Acknowledgements
Questions
Active Chilled Beams Advantages
Uses less air and allows for smaller duct work and AHUs
Redesign Proposal
Lower floor to floor height
Replace four existing AHUs with DOAS unit
Requires minimum maintenance
Replace VAVs and FPBs with Chilled Beams
Reduces energy consumption
Active Chilled Beam Disadvantages
Redesign Goal
Reduce energy consumption
Higher initial cost
Reduce airflow
Larger than tradition diffuser
Active Chilled Beams (ACBs)
NRUCFC Headquarters Building | Margaret McNamara | Mechanical | Advisor Dr. Stephen Treado
Sensitive to humidity
Project
Overview
Systems
Overview
Existing
Mech. System
Depth 1 | DOAS with Chilled Beams
Depth 1
Depth 2
Breadth 1
Conclusion
Acknowledgements
Questions
Chilled Beam Sizing and Selection
Latent and Sensible Load from TraneTRACE
ASHRAE Standard 62.1 | Ventilation Requirements
DOAS w. ACBs Design Conditions
Ventilation Requirements to meet Latent Load
Chilled Beam Summary
Model
Quantity
Length
Total Cost
IQIC-4
85
4’
$ 72,250.00
IQIC-6
98
6’
$ 93,100.00
8’
$ 71,400.00
Supply Air
Outdoor Air
Space
Design
TDB (F˚)
64
93.2
75.2
Humidity (Grains)
44
154
65.7
IQIC-8
68
Dew Point (F˚)
45
-
-
Total
251
ExSel Air Chilled Beam Calculator
CHW Supply | 57 ˚F | 1 gpm
SEMCO IQID Series
NRUCFC Headquarters Building | Margaret McNamara | Mechanical | Advisor Dr. Stephen Treado
$ 236,750.00
Project
Overview
Systems
Overview
Existing
Mech. System
Depth 1 | DOAS with Chilled Beams
Depth 1
Depth 2
Breadth 1
SEMCO Pinnacle System (PVS)
Conclusion
Acknowledgements
Questions
PVS Advantages
Total Energy Wheel & Passive Dehumidification Wheel
DOAS Unit Selection
40,000 CFM
Delivers low dew points
Provides high levels of OA and controls humidity
Large latent load capacity
NRUCFC Headquarters Building | Margaret McNamara | Mechanical | Advisor Dr. Stephen Treado
Project
Overview
Systems
Overview
Existing
Mech. System
Depth 1
Depth 2
Breadth 1
Conclusion
Acknowledgements
Depth 1 | DOAS with Chilled Beams
PVS Cooling Mode
PVS Unoccupied Mode
NRUCFC Headquarters Building | Margaret McNamara | Mechanical | Advisor Dr. Stephen Treado
PVS Heating Mode
Questions
Project
Overview
Systems
Overview
Existing
Mech. System
Depth 1 | DOAS with Chilled Beams
Depth 1
Depth 2
Breadth 1
251
1
Item
VAV/FPB Boxes
AHUs
Acknowledgements
Energy Consumption Comparison
Cost Savings
First Cost Comparison
Quantity
132
4
Conclusion
Existing System
Equipment
$ 56,628.00
$ 700,000.00
First Cost Savings
$ 181,495.00
Installation
$ 24,507.00
$ 48,000.00
Total
$ 81,135.00
$ 748,000.00
Utility Cost Savings
$ 24,727.03
Total
$ 748,000.00
Total
$ 206,222.03
Redesigned System
Chilled Beams
$ 236,750.00
$ 32,881.00
Pinnacle DOAS Unit
$ 278,874.00 $ 18,000.00
Total
$ 269,631.00
$ 296,874.00
$ 566,505.00
NRUCFC Headquarters Building | Margaret McNamara | Mechanical | Advisor Dr. Stephen Treado
Questions
Project
Overview
Systems
Overview
Existing
Mech. System
Depth 2 | Hybrid Photovoltaic/Thermal
(PVT) Solar System
Depth 1
Depth 2
Breadth 1
PVTWINS Schematic Liquid Collector
Conclusion
Acknowledgements
Questions
Advantages
More efficient than traditional PV modules
One unit instead of two | Installation, Materials, Energy
Redesign Proposal and Goals
Add hybrid PVT Collectors to the roof
Disadvantages
Produce heat and electricity from solar radiation
Not used frequently
Costly and little to no incentives
NRUCFC Headquarters Building | Margaret McNamara | Mechanical | Advisor Dr. Stephen Treado
Project
Overview
Systems
Overview
Existing
Mech. System
Depth 2 | Hybrid Photovoltaic/Thermal
(PVT) Solar System
Depth 1
Depth 2
Breadth 1
Conclusion
Acknowledgements
Questions
Solar Thermal Energy Output
PVTWIN Series 1025 | PVT Liquid Collector
Design Information
# of Collectors | 10 Collectors
Area | 6.4 m2 each collector
Tilt | 40˚
Solar Radiation
Energy Output
(kWh/m2/day)
(kWh)
January
3.59
4825.0
February
4.28
5752.3
March
4.80
6451.2
April
5.34
Total Solar
Thermal 7177.0
Savings
May
5.32
7150.1
June
5.66
7607.0
July
5.46
7338.2
August
4.38
5886.7
September
5.07
6814.1
October
4.72
6343.7
November
3.56
4784.6
December
3.03
4072.3
Month
|
Therms
Cost
164.6
$
196.3
$
220.1
$
244.9
$
$2,911.66
244.0
$
259.6
$
250.4
$
200.9
$
232.5
$
216.5
$
163.3
$
139.0
$
189.33
225.72
253.14
281.62
280.57
298.50
287.95
230.99
267.38
248.92
187.75
159.80
Total Savings $ 2,911.66
NRUCFC Headquarters Building | Margaret McNamara | Mechanical | Advisor Dr. Stephen Treado
Project
Overview
Systems
Overview
Existing
Mech. System
Depth 2 | Hybrid Photovoltaic/Thermal
(PVT) Solar System
Depth 1
Depth 2
Breadth 1
Conclusion
Acknowledgements
Questions
Solar Thermal Energy Output
PVTWIN Series 1025 | PVT Liquid Collector
Cost Summary
Total Collector Cost | $98,350
Total PVT Savings | $7,544
Simple Payback | 13 Years
Solar Radiation
Energy Output
(kWh/m2/day)
(kWh)
January
3.59
4825.0
February
4.28
5752.3
March
4.80
6451.2
April
5.34
Total Solar
Thermal 7177.0
Savings
May
5.32
7150.1
June
5.66
7607.0
July
5.46
7338.2
August
4.38
5886.7
September
5.07
6814.1
October
4.72
6343.7
November
3.56
4784.6
December
3.03
4072.3
Month
|
Therms
Cost
164.6
$
196.3
$
220.1
$
244.9
$
$2,911.66
244.0
$
259.6
$
250.4
$
200.9
$
232.5
$
216.5
$
163.3
$
139.0
$
189.33
225.72
253.14
281.62
280.57
298.50
287.95
230.99
267.38
248.92
187.75
159.80
Total Savings $ 2,911.66
NRUCFC Headquarters Building | Margaret McNamara | Mechanical | Advisor Dr. Stephen Treado
Project
Overview
Systems
Overview
Breadth 1 | Electrical
Existing
Mech. System
Depth 1
Depth 2
Breadth 1
Condense Panel Boards
Conclusion
Acknowledgements
Questions
New Feeder Size
(4) #4 + (1) #8 G. in 1-1/4” C. [Type THHN/THWN]
Redesign Goals
Condense Panel Boards | Remove FPBs
Electrical Production of PVT Collectors
NRUCFC Headquarters Building | Margaret McNamara | Mechanical | Advisor Dr. Stephen Treado
Project
Overview
Systems
Overview
Breadth 1 | Electrical
Existing
Mech. System
Depth 1
Condense Panel Boards | Remove FPBs
Electrical Production of PVT Collectors
Breadth 1
Conclusion
PVT Collector Electric Energy Output
Month
Redesign Goals
Depth 2
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
Solar Radiation
(kWh/m2/day)
3.59
4.28
4.80
5.34
5.32
5.66
5.46
4.38
5.07
4.72
3.56
3.03
Total
AC Energy
(kWh)
4,164
4,370
5,278
5,457
5,328
5,495
5,354
5,369
5,004
4,967
3,767
3,354
57,907
Energy Value
($)
$ 333.12
$ 349.60
$ 422.24
$ 436.56
$ 426.24
$ 439.60
$ 428.32
$ 429.52
$ 400.32
$ 397.36
$ 301.36
$ 268.32
$ 4,632.56
NRUCFC Headquarters Building | Margaret McNamara | Mechanical | Advisor Dr. Stephen Treado
PV Schematic
Acknowledgements
Questions
Project
Overview
Conclusion
Systems
Overview
Existing
Mech. System
Depth 1
Depth 2
Breadth 1
Depth 1 | DOAS w. Chilled Beams
Total Savings | $206,222.03
Simple Payback | 4 years
Recommendations
Depth 2 | Hybrid PVT Solar System
Total Savings | $7,544.22
Simple Payback | 13 years
Recommendations
NRUCFC Headquarters Building | Margaret McNamara | Mechanical | Advisor Dr. Stephen Treado
Conclusion
Acknowledgements
Questions
Project
Overview
Systems
Overview
Existing
Mech. System
Depth 1
Depth 2
Breadth 1
Conclusion
Acknowledgements
Acknowledgements
Penn State University Architectural Engineering Faculty
Dr. Stephen Treado | Thesis Advisor
Robert Holland | Course Coordinators
M. Kevin Parfitt | Course Coordinators
National Rural Utilities Cooperative Finance Corporation
John L. Moone CPM, CFM
Industry Professionals
Darren Bruce, PE, LEED AP BD+C | Sebesta Blomberg
Trevor Boz, LEED AP | WSP Flack+Kurtz
Alexandra Parris | KGD Architecture
NRUCFC Headquarters Building | Margaret McNamara | Mechanical | Advisor Dr. Stephen Treado
Penn State AE Class of 2012
Friends & Family
Questions
Project
Overview
Systems
Overview
Existing
Mech. System
Depth 1
Depth 2
Breadth 1
Thank you!
Questions?
NRUCFC Headquarters Building | Margaret McNamara | Mechanical | Advisor Dr. Stephen Treado
Conclusion
Acknowledgements
Questions