The Marriott Hotel at Penn Square and
Lancaster County Convention Center
Trevor Sullivan
Penn State University
5th Year AE – CM Option
The Marriott Hotel at Penn Square and
Lancaster County Convention Center
Trevor Sullivan
 Project Introduction
The Pennsylvania State University
 Problem Statement
Architectural Engineering
 Proposal
Construction Management Option
 Laser Scanning Research
Fifth Year Thesis Presentation
 Plumbing Redesign
April 15th 2008
 Minipile Research
 Structural Breadth
 Retaining Wall Design
 Floor System Redesign
 Construction Sequencing
 Conclusions and Acknowledgments
Images courtesy of: http://www.lancasterconventioncenter.com/
Structural:
Project Information:
 200 caissons : 36”-90” diameter
 Location: Penn Square – Lancaster, PA
 Cast-in-place concrete structure (post-tensioned
 Total Cost: $170 million
for hotel tower)
 Construction Cost: $105 million
 153’ bow string metal trusses span the large
 Total Area: 412,079 SF, 19 Stories
exhibit level floor
 Convention Center: 220,000 SF
Mechanical:
 Marriott Hotel : 300 rooms
 Combination air and water system
Construction:
 (8) large boilers, (2) cooling towers, (2) water
 Phase 1: Site Prep: May 2006 – Oct. 2006
cooled chillers
Electrical:
( 6 Months)
Phase 2: Construction: Oct. 2006 – Dec. 2008
 2 main service points, each 4000 amp, 480Y/277
( 26 Months)
volts, 3PH., 4W.
Historical:
 2000 HP backup generator with
 Façade stabilization and restoration of the 109
a 2000 gallon diesel storage tank
year old Watt & Shand façade
 4 surrounding historical structures to be
incorporated into the project as museums.
Delivery Method Organization Chart
Owners
RACL / LCCCA
WBE / MBE
Liaison
J. Allen Taylor
Facility Manager
Interstate Hotel
Developer
High Associates,
Ltd
Historical
Preservation
Trust
17 Prime
Contractors
Architect
Cooper Carry,
Inc.
Construction
Manager
RCM
Testing Lab
Schoor Depalma
Architect
CHP
Electrical Eng.
Rosser
International
Structural Eng.
Uzun & Case
Geotech. Eng.
McClymont &
Rak
Structural Eng.
Baker Ingram
Façade
Consultant
Tradjer Cohen
Mech/Plumbing
Eng.
Jordan & Skala
Other
Consultants
Site Architect
Hammel
Associates
Problem Statement
The Marriott Hotel at Penn Square and
Lancaster County Convention Center
 Project Introduction
 Problem Statement
 Proposal
 Plumbing Redesign
 Minipile Research
 Structural Breadth
 Retaining Wall Design
 Floor System Redesign
 Construction Sequencing
 Conclusions and Acknowledgments
Proposed Solutions
 Natural Spring Encountered: An
underground spring was encountered during
excavation in the museum level. This directly
effected the abiliblty to place the museum
level SOG and thus proceed with the
construction of the concrete structure.
Trevor Sullivan
Penn State University
5th Year AE – CM Option
 Laser Scanning Research
Convention Entry Construction
Exhibit
Level
Convention
Entry Level
Museum
Level
 Façade Issues: During construction the
existing Watt & Shand façade was discovered
to not be straight nor plumb – The caissons
could not be drilled where needed and thus
changed the column locations and edge of
slab locations for the entire tower. 3 months
of redesign/revision work to drawings to
completely rectify the problem.
 Implement Laser Scanning Technology: Use
Laser Scanning to survey the Watt & Shand façade
(not traditional methods).
 Foundation Redesign: Implement a combination
caisson and minipile foundation system.
Excavation Process
 Plumbing Redesign: Increase the capacity of the
groundwater lift station to handle the additional flow
requirements.
Structural Redesigns:
 Foundation Wall Redesign
 Convention Center Structural System
Redesign
 Construction Re-Sequencing Analysis: to
implement the proposed changes.
The Goal: Decrease Construction Schedule!
Composite Joist Detail
Façade Issues:
The Marriott Hotel at Penn Square and
Lancaster County Convention Center
Laser Scan Survey Comparison
 Limited surveying data points obtained
Initial Cost
Additional Costs
due to Redesign
Delays due to
Redesign
Savings
Traditional
$500
$40,000
3 months
-
Laser Scan
$27,500
-
-
$13,000
 Façade not straight or plumb
Trevor Sullivan
Penn State University
5th Year AE – CM Option
 Caissons near the façade could not be drilled
due to conflicts. The result:
 The columns needed to be moved
 Project Introduction
 The edge of slab locations changed
 Problem Statement
 Changes needed to be reflected on
 Proposal
all the drawings – took 3 months to
 Laser Scanning Research
complete.
Typical Laser Scanning Equipment
 Plumbing Redesign
 Minipile Research
Existing Watt & Shand Façade:
 Structural Breadth
 To be stabilized, restored, and integrated into the new
 Retaining Wall Design
 Floor System Redesign
building
 Parts of the façade are 109 years old
Laser Scanning Computer Output for a Facade
 Construction Sequencing
 Conclusions and Acknowledgments
Photos courtesy of: http://www.arctron.com/pix/vermessung/3scanner
Groundwater Piping Design Estimate
The Marriott Hotel at Penn Square and
Lancaster County Convention Center
Trevor Sullivan
Penn State University
5th Year AE – CM Option
Pump Calculation Summary
Total Discharge Head
TDH
Plumbing Redesign Summary
 Project Introduction
 Problem Statement
 Proposal
 Laser Scanning Research
 Plumbing Redesign
 Minipile Research
 Structural Breadth
 Retaining Wall Design
 Floor System Redesign
 Construction Sequencing
 Conclusions and Acknowledgments
Item
Existing
Proposed
Pump Sizes
1 HP
15 HP
Pump Capacity
60 GPM
340 GPM
Pump Arrangement
Duplex
Triplex
Total Capacity
120 GPM
1020 GPM
Underslab Drainage
4" PVC
6" PVC
Ontop of Footing Drainage
6" PVC
10" PVC
Item
=
18.95
ft
Gallons per Minute
GPM
=
340
gal/min
Total Head Developed
H
=
58.0
ft
Brake Horsepower
BHP
=
13.7
HPpump
Description
Size
Quantity
Unit Cost
$85.00
$30.00
$10.00
$15.00
Pipe*
Carbon Steel
Carbon Steel
PVC
PVC
Plain Sch. 40
Plain Sch. 40
Sch 40 Perforated
Sch 40 Perforated
8"
4"
6"
8"
LF
80
175
825
250
Equipment
Pre-cast Basin
Submersible Pumps
96" diameter
340 GPM
1
1
1
3
$5,000.00
$15,000.00
Total
* includes an allowance in the unit price for fittings.
 Under-slab drainage installation (above)
 Pre-cast basin installation: Sanitary on left,
Ground water on right (left)
Additional Plumbing Costs Total
$74,050
Cost
$6,800
$5,250
$8,250
$3,750
$5,000
$45,000
$74,050
The Marriott Hotel at Penn Square and
Lancaster County Convention Center
Trevor Sullivan
Penn State University
5th Year AE – CM Option
 Project Introduction
 Problem Statement
Minipile Foundation Design Summary
2)
3)
 Proposal
4)
 Laser Scanning Research
 Plumbing Redesign
 Minipile Research
5)
6)
 Structural Breadth
7)
 Retaining Wall Design
 Floor System Redesign
 Construction Sequencing
 Conclusions and Acknowledgments
Description
Design Input
1)
Grout Strength
f'c
=
3
Grout Factor Safety
FSg
=
3
Cross Sectional Area of Grout
Ag
=
Steel Yield Strength
Fy-steel
Steel Factor of Safety
FSy-steel
Bar Diameter
Ab
38.48
ksi
2)
Axial Compression
Pc-allowable
All caissons (existing system)
$1,084,140
---
26
---
36" caissons converted to minipiles
$1,466,160
$382,020
10
-16
36" and 42" caissons converted to
minipiles
$1,783,980
$699,840
16
-10
Minipile and Caisson Schedule Analysis
=
60
ksi
 Caisson casing shafts creating site congestion (above)
Weeks
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27
 Karst topography map of PA (upper left)
=
 Karst topography section (lower left)
0.47
Caissons Only
 Minipile to caisson load comparison Chart (below)
=
1.25
Cross Sectional Area of Casing
Acasing
=
11.82
Allowable Axial Stress
Fa
Schedule
Difference
in2
2
in
Caisson to Minipile Load Comparison
Caisson
Diameter
2
in
=
=
128
300
Min. Required 8" Minipile Load # of Minipiles
Capacity
Capacity
per Group
36"
42"
54"
60"
66"
72"
84"
90"
Design Output
1)
Minipile and Caisson Analysis Summary
Cost
Schedule
Cost
Difference
(weeks)
ksi
k
Images courtesy of:
www.delminsociety.net
fwie.fw.vt.edu
565K
770K
1200K
1500K
1900K
2260K
3080K
3535K
300K
300K
300K
300K
300K
300K
300K
300K
2
3
4
5
7
8
11
12
Minipile and Caisson
(36" and 42" to minipile)
204
375
37
Minipile and Caisson
(36" caissons to minipile
244
78
Legend
Caisson Duration (with quantity)
Minipile Duration (with quantity)
Schedule
Savings
Ivany Block:
The Marriott Hotel at Penn Square and
Lancaster County Convention Center
Trevor Sullivan
Penn State University
5th Year AE – CM Option
 Project Introduction
 Problem Statement
 Proposal
Location of Retaining Walls
 Reduces Formwork
 Fast Rebar Installation
Structural Redesigns:
Cantilevered Design:
 Foundation Wall RedeUtilize an
 Allows for full height backfilling
Ivany block cantilevered retaining
saving time
wall over the current cast-in-place
more room on site
concrete pinned foundation wall
design to save time and increase
 Laser Scanning Research
space on site.
 Plumbing Redesign
 Convention Center Structural
 Minipile Research
System Redesign: Utilize a steel
 Structural Breadth
system over the current cast-in-
 Retaining Wall Design
 Floor System Redesign
 Construction Sequencing
Potential space gain.
place concrete system to save time.
Specifically a composite joist floor
system.
 Conclusions and Acknowledgments
Ivany Block Detail
Photo of construction for the existing
retaining wall design
Proposed Wall Detailing
Cantilever Condition
Existing Design Detail
Retaining Wall Estimate Summary
Utilized Cast-in-Place Concrete Wall System
Foundation wall, cast in place, pumped, 14' high, 12" thick
Quantity
(LF)
2250
Pinned Condition
$/LF
Total
650
$1,462,500
Proposed Ivany Block Wall System
Ivany Block Wall, 14' high, 16" thick, filled solid, pumped.
Quantity
(LF)
2250
Height
(ft)
14
Area (SF)
31500
Cost per
SF
37.25
$1,173,375
Ivany Block System Saves:
$289,125
(-20%)
Note: Estimate excludes excavation difference.
Major Differences:
 14” concrete to 16” block
 Footing increase
Total
Exhibit Hall Level
Floor System
Typical Bay 20 x 40
18CJ 2771/2368/130
Convention Entry Level
Floor System
350 PSF Live Load
(693 PSF Total Factored Load)
Typical Bay 20 x 40
Less Site Congestion
Structural System Estimate Summary
100 PSF Live Load
(293 PSF Total Factored Load)
Convention Entry
Construction
Steel System
Column Total:
Base Plate Total:
Beam Total:
Joist Total:
Metal Decking w/ Slab:
Spray Fire Proofing:
Total:
18CJ 1171/768/130
Composite Joist Detail
$34,816
$708
$127,204
$579,720
$385,250
$77,050
$1,204,748
Concrete System
Concrete:
Formwork:
Shoring:
Reshoring:
Rebar:
Finishing:
Total:
$363,214
$535,515
$14,694
$53,600
$121,111
$14,254
$1,102,388
Steel Cost an Additional: $102,360 (+9%)
The congestion from shoring and re-shoring
of a concrete structure makes it difficult to
work around
No Change in Ceiling Height
14’-0”
- 5”
- 18”
- 16”
- 6”
10’-3”
Floor to floor height
Decking and slab on deck
Joists (and girders)
Duct (deepest used on the floor)
Ceiling (drywall with high-hat light fixtures)
Ceiling height = No Change
Existing 30x30 column grid:
Proposed 40x20 column grid:
 Provides more open space with
the same floor plan.
 Only minor conflicts requiring
changes to the floor plan; i.e.. door
relocation.
Proposed Steel Erection Sequencing
Photo from tower crane of crane
erecting convention center steel.
The Marriott Hotel at Penn Square and
Lancaster County Convention Center
Trevor Sullivan
Penn State University
5th Year AE – CM Option
Key points for schedule reduction:
 Problem Statement
 Proposal
 Laser Scanning Research
 Plumbing Redesign
 Minipile Research
 Structural Breadth
 Retaining Wall Design
 Floor System Redesign
 Construction Sequencing
 Conclusions and Acknowledgments
For concrete construction
the museum level SOG

A portion of the SOG left out to allow for the
crane path during steel erection.
 Project Introduction

needs to be placed first.
Utilized
Date: 5/14/07
Proposed
Utilized
Date: 6/22/07
Proposed
Utilized
Date: 7/24/07
Proposed
Utilized
Date: 9/21/07
Proposed
Utilized
Date: 11/8/07
Proposed
Utilized
Date: 12/12/07
Proposed
Date: 11/8/07
24 Work Days Saved
5 Weeks
169 Days
193 Days
Acknowledgments
A special thanks to the following people for their help and support
throughout the AE Senior Thesis process:
The Marriott Hotel at Penn Square and
Lancaster County Convention Center
Summary Table
Trevor Sullivan
Penn State University
5th Year AE – CM Option
Item
Was the goal met?
 Project Introduction
 Problem Statement
 Proposal
The Goal: Decrease Construction Schedule!
Yes – Save 5 weeks!
 Laser Scanning Research
 Plumbing Redesign
 Retaining Wall Design
 Floor System Redesign
 Construction Sequencing
 Conclusions and Acknowledgments
Structural Redesign
C.I.P. Concrete to Steel Joists
C.I.P. Concrete to Block Retaining Walls
QUESTIONS?
Schedule
$102,361
-$289,125
Plumbing (Groundwater Lift Station) Redesign
Duplex 120GPM to Triplex 1020 GPM Capacity
Research
Laser Scanning Technology
Minipile and Caisson Foundation System
-$17,500
$382,020
Total
$251,806
Laser Scanning Research
Rettew
Quantapoint
Urweiler & Walter
Minipile Foundation Research
Shelly Foundations
Clark Foundations
Hayward Baker
$74,050
CM Study
Resequencing
 Minipile Research
 Structural Breadth
Cost
- 5 Weeks
- 5 Weeks
Additional Cost of $251,806 (+0.15% to Total Project Cost) Saves 5 Weeks
Project Use and Information
High Realty/Associates
Reynolds Construction Management
Lancaster County Convention Center Authority
Senior Thesis Mentors
Penn State AE Faculty
Family and Friends
Mom and Dad
Amy, Nate, Cory