Wharton County Junior College Sugarland Campus
Anatomy and Physiology I (Biol 2401)
Instructor: Shilla Chakrabarty, Ph.D.
FIRST LECTURE EXAM
Time: 1 hr.
Number of Questions: 50 +5
General Directions: Each of the questions or incomplete statements below is followed by five
suggested answers or completions. After you have decided on the correct answer,
COMPLETELY fill the corresponding oval on your Scantron sheet. Give only one answer to
each question. If you change an answer, be sure that the previous mark is erased completely so
that only your correct response is scanned. Once your answer sheets have been scanned, your
scores are final, and no claims about improper scanning of your correct responses can be
entertained. Remember to write your name on your answer sheet.
1. _____ is the study of the body’s structure, and _____ is the study of the body’s functions.
A. Histology, Anatomy
B. Embryology, Anatomy
C. Anatomy, Physiology
D. Physiology, Anatomy
E. Physiology, Histology
2. When the structure of a body part is intimately tied to its specific function, it
demonstrates the principle of _________.
A. Hierarchical organization
B. Complementarity of structure and function
C. Homeostasis
D. Negative feedback
E. Positive feedback
3. A logical organization from the lowest to the highest level would be
A. Atoms, cells, molecules, tissues
B. Molecules, atoms, cells, tissues
C. Atoms, tissues, molecules, cells
D. Atoms, molecules, cells, tissues
E. Tissues, cells, atoms, molecules
4. A group of similar cells that perform the same function are classified as:
A. Tissue
B.
C.
D.
E.
Organ
Organ system
Organism
All of the above
5. The body system that is most involved in responsiveness is the:
A. Digestive system
B. Nervous system
C. Muscular system
D. Skeletal system
E. Respiratory system
6. The sum of all chemical reactions in the body is referred to as
A. Homeostasis
B. Negative feedback mechanism
C. Cellular respiration
D. Metabolism
E. Catabolism
7. During exercise the body cools itself by sweating. Sweating in response to an elevated
body temperature is an example of:
A. Metabolism
B. Movement
C. Positive feedback mechanism
D. Homeostasis
E. None of the above
8. The nose is ________ to the lips,
A. Anterior
B. Medial
C. Superior
D. Inferior
E. Proximal
9. The thumb is ______ to the little finger.
A. Lateral
B. Medial
C. Proximal
D. Distal
E. Superior
10. The sternum or breast bone protects the heart and is therefore _____ to the heart.
A. Superior
B. Anterior
C. Proximal
D. Medial
E. Lateral
11. While performing a dissection, the students noticed that the veins were closer to the skin
than the arteries. Therefore the veins are more _________ than the arteries.
A. Anterior
B. Posterior
C. Deep
D. Superficial
E. Medial
12. The _______ plane divides the body equally into right and left halves.
A. Coronal
B. Sagittal
C. Transverse
D. Midsagittal
E. Oblique
13. The _________ plane divides the body into superior and inferior parts.
A. Coronal
B. Sagittal
C. Transverse
D. Midsagittal
E. Oblique
14. The two major closed cavities of the body are the
A. Dorsal and ventral cavities
B. Superior and inferior cavities
C. Thoracic and abdominal cavities
D. Cerebral and spinal cavities
E. Thoracic and lumbar cavities
15. The layer of serous membrane that lines the body cavity is the _______ layer, while that
which is intimately associated with the organs in the cavity is the ____________ layer.
A. Visceral, parietal
B.
C.
D.
E.
Pleural, visceral
Parietal, visceral
Pericardial, pleural
Pericardial, visceral
16. The structure that divides the anterior cavity into two sections is the
A. Spinal column
B. Heart
C. Lung
D. Diaphragm
E. Mediastinum
17. The specific membrane that covers the surface of the lungs is the
A. Parietal pleura
B. Visceral pleura
C. Visceral peritoneum
D. Parietal peritoneum
E. Parietal pericardium
18. The liver is located in the upper right area of the abdominal region. This area is clinically
known as the
A. Right thoracic region
B. Right hypochondriac region
C. Right iliac region
D. Right lumbar region
E. Right epigastric region
19. A chemical reaction in which bonds are broken is usually associated with ________.
A.
the release of energy
B.
the consumption of energy
C.
a synthesis
D.
forming a larger molecule
E.
dehydration
20. Salts are always ________.
A.
ionic compounds
B.
single covalent compounds
C.
double covalent compounds
D.
hydrogen bonded salts
E.
non-polar compounds
21. The numbers listed represent the number of electrons in the first, second, and third energy
levels, respectively. On this basis, which of the following is an unstable or reactive atom?
A.
2, 8, 8
B.
2, 8
C.
2
D.
2, 8, 1
E.
2,8,8,8
22. A solution that has a pH of 2 could best be described as being ________.
A.
acidic
B.
basic
C.
neutral
D.
slightly acidic
E.
slightly basic
23. Which of the following would be regarded as an organic molecule?
A.
H2O
B.
NaCl
C.
NaOH
CH4
D.
E.
All of the above
24. A chain of 25 amino acids is called a
A.
polypeptide
B.
nucleotide
C.
polysaccharide
D.
triglyceride
E.
simple sugar
25. Carbohydrates and proteins are built up from their basic building blocks by the ________.
A.
addition of a water molecule between each two units
B.
addition of a carbon atom between each two units
C.
removal of a water molecule between each two units
D.
removal of a nitrogen atom between each two units
E.
removal of a carbon atom between each two units
26. Which statement about enzymes is false?
A.
Enzymes raise the activation energy needed to start a reaction.
B.
Enzymes are composed mostly of protein.
C.
Enzymes are organic catalysts.
D.
Enzymes may be damaged by high temperature.
E.
Enzymes facilitate most of the chemical reactions in the body.
27. The correct statement about nucleic acids is that:
A.
They exist in 3 forms: DNA, RNA, and tDNA.
B.
C.
D.
E.
DNA is a long, double-stranded molecule made up of A, T, G, and C bases.
RNA is a long, single-stranded molecule made up of the bases A, T, G, and C.
TDNA is considered a molecular slave of DNA
DNA and RNA remain intimately associated as a triple helix in all cells
28. The correct statement about isotopes is that:
A.
Isotopes of the same element have the same atomic number but differ in their
atomic masses.
B.
All the isotopes of an element have the same number of neutrons.
C.
All the isotopes of an element are radioactive.
D.
Isotopes occur only in the heavier elements
E.
Isotopes of the same element have the same atomic masses, but differ in their
atomic number
29. The four elements that make up about 96% of body matter are ________.
A.
carbon, oxygen, phosphorus, calcium
B.
nitrogen, hydrogen, calcium, sodium
C.
carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen
D.
sodium, potassium, hydrogen, oxygen
E.
carbon, phosphorus, sulphur, oxygen
30. ________ is fat soluble, produced in the skin on exposure to UV radiation, and necessary for
normal bone growth and function.
A.
Vitamin K
B.
Cortisol
C.
Vitamin A
D.
Vitamin D
E.
Insulin
31. Atom X has 17 protons. How many electrons are in its valence shell?
A.
3
B.
5
C.
7
D.
10
E.
1
32. Sucrose is a ________.
A.
monosaccharide
B.
disaccharide
C.
polysaccharide
D.
triglyceride
E.
polypeptide
33. The ratio of fatty acids to glycerol in neutral fats is
A.
1:1
B.
2:1
C.
D.
E.
3:1
4:1
1:3
34 – 38. Use the picture of the cell provided to match the following
34. Produces ATP
35. Site of enzymatic breakdown of phagocytized material and of autolysis
36. Packages proteins for insertion in the cell membrane or for exocytosis
37. Site of synthesis of lipid and steroid molecules
38. Forms the mitotic spindle and replicates for cell division
39. If cells are placed in a hypertonic solution containing a solute to which the membrane is
impermeable, the cells will:
A.
swell and ultimately burst.
B.
lose water and shrink.
C.
C shrink at first, but will later reach equilibrium with the surrounding solution and
return to their original condition.
D.
E.
show no change due to diffusion of both solute and solvent.
prevent entry or exit of water molecules in the cellular environment
Use the following figure to answer Questions 40-45
40. Nonpolar region of phospholipid
41. Polar region of phospholipid.
42. Glycocalyx.
43. Peripheral protein
44. Integral protein.
45. Hydrophilic portion.
46. An important function of a plasma membrane protein is
A.
circulating antibodies
B.
molecular transportation through the membrane
C.
forming a lipid bilayer
D.
oxygen transport
E.
releasing energy
47. Of the following, ______ would not be a constituent of a plasma membrane?
A.
glycolipids
B.
messenger RNA
C.
glycoproteins
D.
phospholipids
E.
integral proteins
48. If the nucleotide or base sequence of the DNA strand used as a template for messenger RNA
synthesis is ACGTT, then the sequence of bases in the corresponding mRNA would be:
A.
TGCAA
B.
ACGTT
C.
UGCAA
D.
GUACC
E.
ACGTT
49. Passive membrane transport processes include ________.
A.
movement of a substance down its concentration gradient
B.
movement of water from an area of low concentration to an area of high
concentration
C.
consumption of ATP
D.
the use of transport proteins when moving substances from areas of low to high
concentration
E.
Exocytosis and endocytosis
50. Which of the following is a concept of the cell theory?
A.
Simple cells can arise spontaneously from rotting vegetation.
B.
A cell is the basic structural and functional unit of living organisms.
C.
The subcellular organelle is the basic unit of life.
D.
Only higher organisms are composed of cells
E.
Cells can be easily created from scratch
BONUS QUESTIONS
51. The main component of the cytosol is ________.
A.
proteins
B.
sugars
C.
salts
D.
water
E.
nucleic acids
52. Crenation is likely to occur in blood cells in ________.
A.
an isotonic solution
B.
a hypotonic solution
C.
a hypertonic solution
D.
blood plasma
E.
the blood vessels
53. Mitochondria ________.
A.
are always the same shape
B.
are single-membrane structures involved in the breakdown of ATP
C.
contain some of the DNA and RNA code necessary for their own function
D.
synthesize proteins for use outside the cell
E.
are responsible for regulating all cellular functions
54. Which of the following is not a role of molecular chaperonins?
A.
prevent accidental, premature, or incorrect folding of polypeptide chains
B.
aid the desired folding and association process of polypeptides
C.
help to translocate proteins and certain metal ions across cell membranes
D.
promote the breakdown of damaged or denatured proteins
E.
act as a biological catalyst
55. In general, the lipids that we refer to as oils have ________.
A.
a high water content
B.
long fatty acid chains
C.
a high degree of saturated bonds
D.
a high degree of unsaturated bond
E.
hydrophilic and hydrophobic ends