Biology 206: Human Anatomy and Physiology I
Longwood University
Fall 2011
Dr. Wade Znosko
Meeting Times and Locations:
Lecture: Monday, Wednesday, Friday 9:00 – 9:50 Jeffers 133
Lab:
Wednesday 12:00-1:40 (01); 2:00-3:40 (02), Thursday 11:00-12:40 (03); 2:00-3:40
(04), or Friday 11:00-12:40 (09) Chichester 209
Course handouts, grades, and other materials related to the course will also be available on
Blackboard.
Office Hours:
Chichester 303 phone: 395-2668
znoskowa@longwood.edu
Wednesday and Friday 10:00 – 11:00
Thursday 4:00 – 6:00
Or by appointment via email
Required Texts:
Marieb and Hoehn. (2010) Human Anatomy and Physiology. 8th Ed. Pearson/Benjamin
Cummings.
Marieb. (2007) A Brief Atlas of the Human Body. 2nd Ed. Pearson/Benjamin Cummings.
Supplemental texts: I have some supplemental texts in my office that students are permitted to
use. Also check the Longwood library for a few other relevant texts.
General Course Description:
The lecture portion of this course aims to introduce you to the: 1) major types of biological
molecules and their functions, 2) general structure of the human cells, 3) types of tissues found in
the human body, 4) metabolism in the human body, notably cellular respiration, and 5) structures
and functions of the integumentary, digestive, respiratory, cardiovascular, and lymphatic
systems.
The laboratory portion of this course aims to: 1) have you create hypotheses and test them via
scientific reasoning and analysis, 2) have you observe, record, analyze, and draw conclusions
from experimental data, 3) familiarize you with the basic structure and functions of major
biological molecules, 4) provide experience with light microscopy and the appearances of the
body’s tissues, 5) investigate the respiratory system, metabolic system, and properties of blood,
and 6) familiarize you with the structure and function of the human heart.
My challenge as the instructor of this course is to challenge you as students. This course will
require both memorization and an understanding of material to analyze unique problems.
This course brings together aspects of anatomy, histology, and developmental biology as well as
evolution.
Lectures:
Attendance and Participation: Class attendance is expected and required. Our activities in class
will help you learn the material that will be on the examinations and will give you opportunities
to apply what you learn. If you know you will miss a class due to an excused absence (outlined
in the Longwood University handbook) notify me at least one week prior to that session with
written documentation to arrange for make-up work. Students must provide documentation for
all unexpected excused absences (family emergencies, severe illness, etc.) the first day that the
student returns to class. Work that is missed due to an unexpected excused absence must be
completed within one week of the absence. Failure to provide written documentation prior to or
immediately following excused absences will result in no credit for late/missed work. Absence
for more than 25% of the class meetings (excused or unexcused, including lecture and lab) may
result in a failing grade for the course (outlined in the University handbook). Also, if a student is
borderline between grades, it is difficult for me to justify the higher grade if the student does not
show the initiative to attend the lectures.
Tardiness for class and lab will be penalized. Students that are more than 15 minutes late will be
considered absent. If you are late for class all assignments are also considered late.
Lecture Style: Each student has his/her own learning preferences (visual, aural, read/write,
kinesthetic). In an attempt to reach each type of learner, lectures will include PowerPoint
presentations and will consist of diagrams and figures, animations, movies, etc. from the Marieb
text as well as from other texts and websites. Lectures will also include group work, chalk talks,
and class discussions
Lecture Content: Lectures are designed to supplement the text, not as a replacement for
reading the text. You will be responsible for the material in the assigned readings, but the focus
will be on the material covered in lectures. Asking for clarification, asking questions, and
contributing personal knowledge during the lectures are highly encouraged. We will cover the
material in class at a brisk pace. By reading the text and thinking about the material in the
chapter before class, you should already be familiar with the topics being discussed.
Quizzes: Announced quizzes will be given in class, usually on weeks there are not exams. The
quizzes are to insure that the students have read, thought about, and are familiar with the material
before coming to class. The answers for the quiz questions should be obvious if the student read
the chapter and comprehended what was read. Most quiz questions will focus on broad, general
concepts. If a student is not in class the day of the quiz (and has not notified me beforehand with
an acceptable excuse), the student will be given a zero for that quiz. There are no make-up
quizzes, but the lowest quiz score will be dropped.
Lecture Exams:
There will be four lecture examinations, on the dates given on the course schedule. Three of the
examinations will be 50 minute exams, and one will be a semi-comprehensive final exam.
TYPES OF EXAM QUESTIONS
In addition to routine multiple-choice questions, exams will also contain some or all of the
following types of questions:
DEFINITIONS: You are given a word and are asked to define it. A definition is a brief
statement telling what the word means, and distinguishing it from other words. A good
definition is succinct, correct in its factual information, and complete enough to distinguish the
term from related terms.
DIAGRAMS AND WORD PROBLEMS: You are presented with a diagram or word problem
and asked to label particular structures in the diagram or solve the problem. Success on these
questions requires a clear understanding of structures, their relationship to one another, and their
relationship to organismal function.
ESSAYS: The purpose of essays is to test your command of certain factual information, and
your ability to organize your thoughts and express them in writing. The most common
shortcomings of essays are these:
ERROR: Factual inaccuracy. Example: "The stomach is anterior to the liver."
IRRELEVANCIES: You write information that may be true but does not answer the
question. Example: I ask for three integumentary layers of humans and you reply "humans
possess a middle-ear apparatus that includes an incus and a malleus."
VAGUENESS: This may be used in an attempt to hide a lack of specific information, but it
is usually apparent to the grader. Example: "The prokaryote nucleus is not as
distinguishable." This is vague; a clear statement would be: “prokaryotes lack a nuclear
membrane.”
INCOMPLETENESS: Sometimes part of a question is left unanswered, perhaps because
you did not
(pretending to laugh at my jokes is always a plus!)
REPETITION: You may be so charmed by something you have written that you write it
again two or three times. This will not multiply the credit awarded; credit will be given only
for saying it once, and you will not receive additional credit for the repetitions. Even a
clever rewording will not provide additional points for the same statement, which will only
be credited once.
THE SHOTGUN METHOD: When you have only a vague idea of the answer, you write
everything that might be remotely related, hoping to hit the right idea by chance. This is
clearly evident to the grader because it usually also involves error, irrelevancies, vagueness,
incompleteness, and repetition.
Laboratory Practical:
The laboratory component of this course will include two practical examinations. These exams
are not cumulative. Practicals will consist of several stations with multiple questions per station,
to total 75 points per practical. Types of questions covered on the practical will be gone over in
more detail prior to the practical, but will mainly consist of identification and/or classification of
specimens/organs/regions/etc. Some questions may require knowledge of terms learned in the
lecture portion of this course.
Special Accomidations:
Students needing special assistance for any reason should not hesitate to contact Dr. Znosko.
Assistance will be provided given that the instructor is notified in advance.
Final Grade:
An “A” or “B” is not guaranteed with enrollment in this course. Grades are not an effective
means of evaluating a person’s general intelligence or the amount of effort put into the course.
Instead, grades offer an assessment of a student’s work and learning for this course. Only
students who do above average work should expect to earn a grade that is above average. Any
student concerned about his or her grade is strongly encouraged to contact me before or shortly
after the first exam and certainly well in advance of the end of the semester.
The final grade (out of a possible total score of 625 points) will be based on the following:
Quizzes (6 x 10 pts; lowest drop)
Assignments/Class participation
50 minute Exams (3 x 100 pts)
Laboratory Practical (2 x 75 pts)
Final Exam (150 pts)
50 points
50 points
300 points
75 points
150 points
Total
625 points
The following grading scheme will be used to assign letter grades:
91-100% A, 90% A-, 89% B+, 81-88% B, 80% B-, 79% C+, 71-78% C, 70% C-,
60-69% D, <60% F
The final exam will be 150 points total, where ~50% of the questions will cover the last quarter
of the material covered in the semester and the other 50% of the course will be cumulative. The
total number of points for quizzes may be adjusted if fewer/more quizzes/assignments are given.
Assignments will be explained in detail when relevant, but the due dates of the assignments are
already located within the syllabus. Each assignment is worth 10 points. Since final grades are
determined by a percentage, you can keep track of your grades during the semester.
How To Study:
-In some ways this is not a hard course. However, there is plenty of data, much technical
vocabulary, and some complex and subtle ideas. The lectures for each topic are designed to
follow a sequential approach that should increase learning efficiency. They begin with a general
introduction, provide definitions of important terms, and then build up to more complex ideas
and relationships. You cannot understand the later stages without mastering the basic terms.
-Use your time efficiently. Begin by being an active learner in lecture. Avoid the temptation to
merely "follow along" and write only what is on the screen. Think about the material as it is
presented. Use your study time efficiently as well. Analyze your notes, again being as active a
thinker as you can be. The lecture exams are based upon the lectures and reading assignments.
The parts of the text not assigned and supplemental books are backups. Don't spend hours in
aimless reading. Concentrate on your lecture notes.
-Study vocabulary with index cards. Put a term on one side and the definition on the other. Use
the lectures, text, and reserve books to understand the meaning of a given term; then develop a
definition of that term in your own words. Carry cards around to study at odd moments (e.g., in
D-Hall, during commercials). Look at the term and try to define it; also, read the definition and
give the term. Quiz each other. It is like studying a foreign language.
-To prepare for essay questions, write practice essays for the study guide questions. Check them
against your notes and other sources. Are the details accurate? Do you emphasize the points that
I did in class? Criticize each other's essays. See if you can write an essay of appropriate length
and quality in the time available on the test. Bring them to me to get feedback before the exam.
Do not try to memorize essays verbatim; just learn the material. The exam questions may differ
from those on the study guide but nonetheless cover the same material. The exams are designed
to get you to learn both facts and concepts. Good performance requires understanding, which
takes time and repetition; last minute cramming will not be effective. Understanding the
material itself involves various approaches, from memorization to insight.
-Tips for studying for lab practicals will be learned throughout the lab component of the course.
Honor Code Policy:
All of us (faculty and students) have signed on to the Longwood University Honor System. Any
student found responsible for an Honor Code violation (i.e. cheating of any kind, plagiarism,
copying, lying, etc.) in this course will receive an “F” grade. All work in this course should be
independent unless otherwise specifically noted by the instructor. Students will receive a grade
of zero on any assignment handed in that is note entirely their own.
Random Bits of Info:
1. I will respect each of you as individual students. I expect you to treat each other and me with
similar respect. This includes things like being on time for class, doing the reading that is
expected, and listening carefully and not talking while others (including the instructor) are
speaking. If you must bring a cell phone to class, please turn it off. If you bring a laptop to
class, please use it for note-taking purposes only.
2. The instructor may make changes in the syllabus during the semester but will notify you in
advance.
3. Constructive criticism (positive and negative) concerning the textbook, lectures, lecture notes,
homework problems, problem sessions, and exams is encouraged. All suggestions and/or
comments will be considered.
4. This course is an upper level biology course. This course is designed to challenge students
and requires time and dedication in order to do well.
5. If there is anything I can do to improve your chances of success in this course, please feel free
to discuss this with me.
6. Students who put time and effort into this course tend to learn a lot that helps them in future
courses, in medical school, and in graduate school.
Lecture Syllabus*
Date
Aug. 22
Aug. 24
Aug. 26
Aug. 29
Aug. 31
Sept. 2
Sept. 5
Sept. 7
Sept. 9
Sept. 12
Sept. 14
Sept. 16
Sept. 19
Sept. 21
Sept. 23
Sept. 26
Sept. 28
Sept. 30
Oct. 3
Oct. 5
Oct. 7
Oct. 10
Oct. 12
Oct. 14
Oct. 17
Oct. 19
Oct. 21
Oct. 24
Oct. 26
Oct. 28
Oct. 31
Nov. 2
Nov. 4
Nov. 7
Nov. 9
Nov. 11
Nov. 14
Nov. 16
Nov. 18
Topic
Course Introduction/The Human Body I
The Human Body II
Chemistry Comes Alive I
Chemistry Comes Alive II (Quiz I)
Chemistry Comes Alive III
Chemistry Comes Alive IV
Assignment #1 Due
NO CLASS – LABOR DAY
Cells: The Living Units I
Cells: The Living Units II
Cells: The Living Units III (Quiz II)
Cells: The Living Units IV
LECTURE EXAM I
Tissue: The Living Fabric I
Tissue: The Living Fabric II
Assignment #2 Due
Tissue: The Living Fabric III
The Integumentary System I
The Integumentary System II (Quiz III)
The Integumentary System III
The Integumentary System IV
Digestive System I
Digestive System II
Assignment #3 Due
NO CLASS – FALL BREAK
Digestive System III
LECTURE EXAM II
Metabolism and Nutrition I
Metabolism and Nutrition II (Quiz IV)
Metabolism and Nutrition III
Respiratory System I
Respiratory System II
Respiratory System III
Assignment #4 Due
Respiratory System IV
LECTURE EXAM III
Cardiovascular System: Blood I
Cardiovascular System: Blood II
Cardiovascular System: Heart I
Cardiovascular System: Heart II (Quiz V)
Cardiovascular System: Vessels I
Cardiovascular System: Vessels II
Cardiovascular System: Vessels III
Marieb Chapter
1
1
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
3
4
4
4
5
5
5
5
23
23
23
24
24
24
22
22
22
22
17
17
18
18
19
19
19
Nov. 21
Nov. 23
Nov. 25
Nov. 28
Nov. 30
Dec. 2
Dec. 6
Lymphatic System
NO CLASSES - THANKSGIVING
NO CLASSES - THANKSGIVING
Immune System
Immune System (Quiz VI)
Immune System
***Comprehensive Final Exam, 11:30AM-2:00PM ***
20
21
21
21
* The syllabus is tentative. The instructor reserves the right to change, omit, or add topics
depending on the progression of the course.
Lab Syllabus*
Week of:
Aug. 22
Aug. 29
Sept. 5
Sept. 12
Sept. 19
Sept. 26
Oct. 3
Oct. 10
Oct. 17
Oct. 24
Oct. 31
Nov. 7
Nov. 14
Nov. 21
Nov. 28
Topic
Introduction to the lab, Anatomical Terminology, Body Cavities, Sections
Carbohydrate Chemistry
Protein Chemistry
Physical Transport Mechanisms
Tissues
Digestion of Carbohydrates
LAB PRACTICAL I
NO LAB – FALL BREAK
Metabolism – Caloric Budgets, Metabolic Rates
Lung Volumes
Blood – Hematocrits, Hemoglobin, Blood Glucose, Blood Typing
Heart 1 – Anatomy, Blood Flow, Cardiac Output, Blood Pressure
Heart 2 – EKG, Cardiac Output, Effects of Exercise
NO LAB – THANKSGIVING BREAK
LAB PRACTICAL II
* The syllabus is tentative. The instructor reserves the right to change, omit, or add topics
depending on the progression of the course.
* The laboratory will be open extra hours prior to practical examinations for further independent
studying.