Architecture
M. Ryan
Academic Decathlon
2005-06
Architecture
• The art and science of designing
and constructing buildings
Architecture
Architects: specialists in designing
structures
Architecture
One of the early architectural developments
was the use of the “post-and-lintel” method
A beam is placed horizontally
across upright posts.
Architecture
Ancient Greek
“Orders” (styles):
composed of a
shaft, capital, and
base. (click me)
http://www.bozzle.com/perClassicOrders.html
Architecture
Entablature: the top of an order; includes the
architrave, frieze, and cornice.
http://penelope.uchicago.edu/~grout/encyclopaedia_romana/architecture/entablature.html
Architecture
Other key developments include the arch,
http://www.arlington.k12.va.us/schools/drew/a&a/theromans.htm
Architecture
the vault,
http://www.arlington.k12.va.us/schools/drew/a&a/theromans.htm
Architecture
and the dome (my personal favorite).
http://www.arlington.k12.va.us/schools/drew/a&a/theromans.htm
Architecture
The arch was a purely Roman invention. An
arch is often made up of small stones called
voussoir and a large central stone called a
keystone.
Architecture
A series of columns is called a colonnade.
A series of arches is called an arcade.
Architecture
The arch, vault,
and dome are
variations of the
same concept
that allowed for
greater height
and more space
inside a
building.
Architecture
The Romans were great engineers. They
developed concrete as a building material,
which was used in building aqueducts, baths,
and other public works projects.
Architecture
Flying Buttress: external
arch that counterbalanced the outward
thrust of the high,
vaulted ceilings.
http://www.m-w.com/mw/art/flyingbu.htm
Architecture
During the Industrial Revolution, many new
materials were developed: glass-- Crystal Palace
(1851)
http://www.uh.edu/engines/epi1158.htm
Architecture
and wrought iron:
The Eiffel Tower
Modern Architecture
Antonio Gaudi: Spanish architect– no flat
surface or straight lines (organic)
http://www.lexised.com/architecture/gaudi/casam.html
Modern Architecture
Antonio Gaudi’s most
famous building: “La
Sagrada Familia”
Modern Architecture
The 1st skyscraper was made in St. Louis,
MO by Louis Sullivan who coined the
expression “form follows function”.
Modern Architecture
Frank Lloyd Wright: American architect;
carefully considered the environment where
the building was to be constructed.
“Falling Water”
More Wright
Modern Architecture
Steel and concrete
are the favored
materials for
commercial type
construction.
Wood and brick
are the favored
materials for
residential
construction.