Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Other Relevant Sources:
Relevant Figures & Plates:
Liberty Earthwork
Edwin Harness Mound, Squier & Davis Shaft A
Burial
None
Squier & Davis 1848:178-179
Mills 1907
Squier & Davis 1848: Figure 67, Mills 1907: Figures 3 & 4
Feature Description:
- Timber enclosure eight feet by eight feet
- Posts in corners were eight inches diameter
- Walls were three logs high (figure 67)
- Just south of center of mound (Mills 1907: figure 3)
Contents:
1. Cremated human remains (1)
- only partly burned
- bones enveloped in matting
2. Copper plate (1)
- thin
- seven inches by four inches
- perforated with two small holes
- unknown position
3. Platform pipe (1) – (Mills 1907: figure 4)
- large
- plain
- carved from dark, compact porphyry
- unknown position
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Other Relevant Sources:
Relevant Figures & Plates:
Liberty Earthwork
Edwin Harness Mound, Squier & Davis Shaft B
Burial
None
Squier & Davis 1848:179
Putnam 1886; Mills 1907:133-134
Mills 1907: Figure 3
Feature Description:
- In the larger end of the mound somewhat to one side of center (Mills 1907: figure 3)
- Enclosed with logs
- Log enclosure was three logs high
- Not a crematory basin as Squier and Davis presumed [per Putnam]
- 20 feet northwest of center [per Putnam]
Contents:
1. Cremated human remains (1) [per Putnam]
2. Skewers (10+)
- [bone awls]
- among the decayed material found around the crematory basin
- made from deer ulnae
- some were 9 – 10 inches long
- six of these were recovered later [Putnam 1886]
3. Bear canine perforated (1)
- unknown position
- recovered later [Mills 1907]
4. Copper earspools (2)
- unknown position
- recovered later [Mills 1907]
5. Skewers (26)
- [bone awls]
- in clay over burial, stuck in dirt
- pointing toward center of grave
- recovered later [Mills 1907]
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Liberty Earthwork
Edwin Harness Mound, Putnam 1886:406A
Burial
None
Putnam 1886:406
Feature Description:
- Surrounded by logs
- Apparently covered by gravel and clay
Contents:
1. Human skeletal remains (1)
- extended
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Other Relevant Sources:
Liberty Earthwork
Edwin Harness Mound, Putnam 1886 Burial 2*
Burial
None
Putnam 1886:406
Greber 1979:Table 6.4
Feature Description:
- Apparently surrounded by logs
- Apparently covered by gravel and clay
Contents:
1. Cremated human remains (1)
- burned in place
2. Copper plate (1)
*Greber (1979, Table 6.4) notes that other, unspecified artifacts were present with this burial.
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Other Relevant Sources:
Liberty Earthwork
Edwin Harness Mound, Putnam 1886 Burial 3*
Burial
None
Putnam 1886:406
Greber 1979:Table 6.4
Feature Description:
- Surrounded by logs
Contents:
1. Human skeletal remains (1)
- extended
2. Copper plate (1)
- on chest
- cloth between the plate and chest were preserved
*This skeleton was originally labeled PT1886:406B for the database. It was the second of the two
inhumations reported by Putnam. However, Greber (1979, Table 6.4) provides skeleton numbers for a few
of the individuals excavated by Putnam, which presumably derive from accession records or labels found
with the artifacts.
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Other Relevant Sources:
Liberty Earthwork
Edwin Harness Mound, Putnam 1886 Burial 7*
Burial
None
Putnam 1886:406
Greber 1979:Table 6.4
Feature Description:
- Apparently surrounded by logs
- Apparently covered with clay and gravel
Contents:
1. Cremated human remains (1)
2. Copper plates (4 or 5)
Note: Greber notes that there were other artifacts with this skeleton.
*According to Greber (1979, Table 6.4) this provenience is the same as one of the two opened by a group
of Boy Scouts sometime prior to 1885 (see Chapter 7).
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Liberty Earthwork
Edwin Harness Mound, Putnam 1886 Boy’s Pit
Ceremonial Deposit
None
Putnam 1886:407
Feature Description:
- Somewhere in the vicinity of Squier & Davis’ Shaft B, either beside it or between it
and Shaft A.
Contents:
1. Copper celts (2)
2. Copper plates (3-4)
3. Copper earspools (several)
- some covered with meteoric iron
4. Meteoric iron celt (1)
Note: Putnam (1886) states that the Boy Scouts made a “lucky hit” and took out more
objects from one of their pits than Putnam’s team removed from all 12 of the burials they
excavated. Presumably he was referring to this provenience and not the other one.
Putnam also indicates that not all of the artifacts removed by the Boy Scouts were
ultimately obtained by the museum, so there were likely additional materials in this
deposit.
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Liberty Earthwork
Edwin Harness Mound, Moorehead 1897 Skeleton 1
Burial
None
Moorehead 1897:224-225
Feature Description:
- Charcoal and carbonized wood in burial
Contents:
1. Human skeletal remains (1)
2. Fragments of cloth
- unknown position
Note: Skeleton 1 would appear to correspond to OHS SOD# 150301 (Accession # 7/B1).
The skeletal material in the OHS collections is a subadult ilium with an estimated age of
5-8 years according to Johnston (1997d).
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Liberty Earthwork
Edwin Harness Mound, Moorehead 1897 Skeleton 2*
Burial
None
Moorehead 1897:224-225
Feature Description:
- Probably on platform of burned earth: “Nearly all…on little raised platforms of
burnt earth…”
Contents:
1. Cremated human remains (1)
No Artifacts
*Burial numbers randomly assigned within the sequence used by Moorehead.
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Liberty Earthwork
Edwin Harness Mound, Moorehead 1897 Skeleton 3
Burial
Skeletons 3 & 7
Moorehead 1897:224-225
Feature Description:
- Probably on platform of burned earth: “Nearly all…on little raised platforms of
burnt earth…”
- In heavy layer of charcoal and carbonized wood accompanying skeletons.
Contents:
1. Cremated human remains (1)
2. Fragments of cloth
No Artifacts
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Liberty Earthwork
Edwin Harness Mound, Moorehead 1897 Skeleton 4
Burial
Possibly Skeletons 4 & 5
Moorehead 1897:224-225
Feature Description: No information given.
Contents:
1. Cremated human remains (1)
2. Copper objects [see note below]
- unknown position
Note: Skeleton 4 likely corresponds to OHS SOD# 150313 (Accession # 7/B4). The
skeletal material in the OHS collections is also labeled 14150, which is an OHS
accession number for Moorehead’s excavation (Cheryl Johnston, personal
communication). The skeletal material is represented by a face and frontal bone only,
and comes from a child age 3-5 years (Johnston 1997d). In his site report, Moorehead
says “Skeletons Nos. 4 and 5 had some of the copper objects with them”. After this, he
tends to refer to skeletons individually. This suggests that Skeletons 4 and 5 may have
been buried together, but the association is not completely clear. If this is the case, the
copper objects may have been shared by the two individuals, or directly associated with
only one of the two.
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Liberty Earthwork
Edwin Harness Mound, Moorehead 1897 Skeleton 5
Burial
Possibly Skeletons 4 & 5
Moorehead 1897:224-225
Feature Description: No information given.
Contents:
1. Cremated human remains (1)
2. Copper objects
- unknown position
3. Copper plate (1)
- unknown position
4. Beads
- unknown position
5. Bear canines
- unknown position
Note: Skeleton 5 likely corresponds to OHS SOD# 150300 (Accession # 7/). The skeletal
material in the OHS collections is also labeled 14154, which is an OHS accession
number for Moorehead’s excavation (Cheryl Johnston, personal communication). The
skeletal material is represented by postcrania only, and comes from a probable male
(M?) with an estimated age of 40-44 years (Johnston 1997d). In his site report,
Moorehead (1897) says “Skeletons Nos. 4 and 5 had some of the copper objects with
them”. This suggests that Skeletons 4 and 5 may have been buried together, but the
association is not completely clear. If this is the case, the copper objects may have been
shared by the two individuals, or directly associated with only one of the two. The
remainder of the materials (copper plate, beads, bear canines) are later noted as being
directly associated with Skeleton 5.
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Liberty Earthwork
Edwin Harness Mound, Moorehead 1897 Skeleton 6
Burial
None
Moorehead 1897:224-225
Feature Description:
- Probably on platform of burned earth: “Nearly all…on little raised platforms of
burnt earth…”
Contents:
1. Cremated human remains (1)
No Artifacts
*Burial numbers randomly assigned within the sequence used by Moorehead.
Note: Skeleton 6 apparently corresponds to OHS SOD# 150304 (Accession # 7/B6). The
skeletal material in the OHS collections is also labeled 14171, which is an OHS
accession number for Moorehead’s excavation (Cheryl Johnston, personal
communication). The skeletal material is represented by a left femur only, and comes
from a child with an estimated age of 5-9 years (Johnston 1997d).
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Liberty Earthwork
Edwin Harness Mound, Moorehead 1897 Skeleton 7
Burial
Skeletons 3 & 7
Moorehead 1897:224-225
Feature Description:
- Probably on platform of burned earth: “Nearly all…on little raised platforms of
burnt earth…”
- In heavy layer of charcoal and carbonized wood accompanying skeletons.
Contents:
1. Cremated human remains (1)
2. Cloth fragments
- unknown position
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Liberty Earthwork
Edwin Harness Mound, Moorehead 1897 Skeletons 8-9*
Burial
None
Moorehead 1897:224-225
Feature Description:
- Probably on platform of burned earth: “Nearly all…on little raised platforms of
burnt earth…”
Contents:
1. Cremated human remains (1)
No Artifacts
*Burial numbers randomly assigned within the sequence used by Moorehead.
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Liberty Earthwork
Edwin Harness Mound, Moorehead 1897 Skeleton 10
Burial
None
Moorehead 1897:224-225
Feature Description: No information given.
Contents:
1. Cremated human remains (1)
2. Copper plate (1)
- nine inches long by five inches wide
- unknown position
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Liberty Earthwork
Edwin Harness Mound, Moorehead 1897 Skeleton 11*
Burial
None
Moorehead 1897:224-225
Feature Description:
- Probably on platform of burned earth: “Nearly all…on little raised platforms of
burnt earth…”
Contents:
1. Cremated human remains (1)
Note: Artifact(s) present but their nature is unknown
*Burial numbers randomly assigned within the sequence used by Moorehead.
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Liberty Earthwork
Edwin Harness Mound, Moorehead 1897 Skeleton 12
Burial
None
Moorehead 1897:224-225
Feature Description:
- Not near other burials
Contents:
1. Human skeletal remains (1)
- uncremated
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Liberty Earthwork
Edwin Harness Mound, Moorehead 1897 Skeleton 13*
Burial
None
Moorehead 1897:224-225
Feature Description:
- Probably on platform of burned earth: “Nearly all…on little raised platforms of
burnt earth…”
Contents:
1. Human skeletal remains (1)
- uncremated
- child
No Artifacts
*Burial numbers randomly assigned within the sequence used by Moorehead.
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Liberty Earthwork
Edwin Harness Mound, Moorehead 1897 Skeletons 14-17
Burial
None
Moorehead 1897:224-225
Feature Description:
- Probably on platform of burned earth: “Nearly all…on little raised platforms of
burnt earth…”
Contents:
1. Cremated human remains (1)
*Burial numbers randomly assigned within the sequence used by Moorehead.
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Liberty Earthwork
Edwin Harness Mound, Moorehead 1897 Skeletons 18-27*
Burial
None
Moorehead 1897:224-225
Feature Description:
- Probably on platform of burned earth: “Nearly all…on little raised platforms of
burnt earth…”
Contents:
1. Cremated human remains (1)
*Burial numbers randomly assigned within the sequence used by Moorehead.
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Liberty Earthwork
Edwin Harness Mound, Murphy 1978 Burial 1
Burial
None
Murphy 1978:9
Feature Description: No information given.
Contents:
1. Human skeletal remains (1)
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Liberty Earthwork
Edwin Harness Mound, Murphy 1978 Burial 2
Burial
None
Murphy 1978:9
Feature Description: No information given.
Contents:
1. Cremated human remains (1)
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Other Relevant Sources:
Liberty Earthwork
Edwin Harness Mound, Mills 1903 Burial 3
Burial
None
Mills 1903a
Murphy 1978:9
Feature Description: No information given.
Contents:
1. Cremated human remains (1)
2. Large galena crystal (1)
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Other Relevant Sources:
Liberty Earthwork
Edwin Harness Mound, Mills 1903 Burial 4
Burial
None
Mills 1903a
Murphy 1978:9
Feature Description:
- Surrounded by small logs, 3 – 4 inches in diameter, that were later burned
- Burning logs were apparently covered with earth before burning was complete
- Unusual in that cremation was placed 19 inches below the baseline, presumably in a
pit or hole
- Covered in grass and twigs
Contents:
1. Cremated human remains (1)
- cremated elsewhere and redeposited
2. Ocean shell container (1)
- large
- turned with open side down
- unknown position
3. Copper axe (1)
- two inches long by 1.75 inches wide
- unknown position
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Liberty Earthwork
Edwin Harness Mound, Murphy 1978 Burial 5
Burial
None
Murphy 1978:9
Feature Description: No information given.
Contents:
1. Cremated human remains (1)
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Liberty Earthwork
Edwin Harness Mound, Murphy 1978 Burial 6
Burial
None
Murphy 1978:9
Feature Description: No information given.
Contents:
1. Cremated human remains (1)
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Liberty Earthwork
Edwin Harness Mound, Murphy 1978 Burial 7-1
Burial
None
Murphy 1978:9
Feature Description: No information given.
Contents:
1. Human skeletal remains (1)
2. Pearl beads (“a number”)
- unknown position
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Liberty Earthwork
Edwin Harness Mound, Murphy 1978 Burial 7-2
Burial
None
Murphy 1978:9
Feature Description: No information given.
Contents:
1. Cremated human remains (1)
2. Flint knives (13)
- [other flint prismatic blade]
- unknown position
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Liberty Earthwork
Edwin Harness Mound, Murphy 1978 Burials 8-12
Burial
None
Murphy 1978:9
Feature Description: No information given.
Contents:
1. Cremated human remains (1)
No Artifacts
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Liberty Earthwork
Edwin Harness Mound, Murphy 1978 Burial 13
Burial
None
Murphy 1978:9
Feature Description: No information given.
Contents:
1. Cremated human remains (1)
2. Cut mica (“some”)
- unknown position
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Liberty Earthwork
Edwin Harness Mound, Murphy 1978 Burials 14-16
Burial
None
Murphy 1978:9
Feature Description: No information given.
Contents:
1. Cremated human remains (1)
No Artifacts
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Liberty Earthwork
Edwin Harness Mound, Murphy 1978 Burials 17-18
Burial
None
Murphy 1978:9
Feature Description: No information given.
Contents:
1. Cremated human remains (1)
- partially cremated
- probably cremated “on the spot”
- both probably adult males
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Other Relevant Sources:
Liberty Earthwork
Edwin Harness Mound, Mills 1907 Burial 20
Burial
None
Mills 1907:174-175
Murphy 1978:9
Feature Description: No information given.
Contents:
1. Cremated human remains (1)
2. Plain platform pipe (1)
- limestone
- placed on top of cremated remains
- on cremation
3. Copper earspools (3)
- unknown position
4. Ocean shell beads (“several hundred”)
- unknown position
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Liberty Earthwork
Edwin Harness Mound, Murphy 1978 Burial 21
Burial
None
Murphy 1978:9
Feature Description: No information given.
Contents:
1. Human skeletal remains (1)
2. Copper earspools (1)
- unknown position
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Other Relevant Sources:
Liberty Earthwork
Edwin Harness Mound, Mills 1903 Burial 22
Burial
None
Mills 1903a
Murphy 1978:9
Feature Description:
- Surrounded by logs
Contents:
1. Cremated human remains (1)
2. Bone beads (“many”)
- unknown position
3. Shark’s teeth
- unknown position
4. Uncut mica pieces
- unknown position
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Other Relevant Sources:
Liberty Earthwork
Edwin Harness Mound, Mills 1903 Burial 23
Burial
None
Mills 1903a
Murphy 1978:9
Feature Description:
- 2.5 feet above the baseline
Contents:
1. Cremated human remains (1)
2. Carved bone (portion of amulet?) (1)
- beautifully carved in figures similar to those from Hopewell
- unknown position
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Liberty Earthwork
Edwin Harness Mound, Murphy 1978 Burial 27*
Burial
None
Murphy 1978:10
Feature Description:
- Six inches below floor
Contents:
1. Cremated human remains (1)
*Burial number is assigned from Mills’ sequence in the order it is mentioned.
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Liberty Earthwork
Edwin Harness Mound, Murphy 1978 Burial 28*
Burial
None
Murphy 1978:10
Feature Description:
- Six inches below floor
Contents:
1. Cremated human remains (1)
*Burial number is assigned from Mills’ sequence in the order it is mentioned.
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Other Relevant Sources:
Liberty Earthwork
Edwin Harness Mound, Mills 1903 Burial 29
Burial
None
Mills 1903a
Murphy 1978:10
Feature Description: No information given.
Contents:
1. Cremated human remains (1)
2. Eagle talon stone ornament (1)
3. Copper button attached to cloth (1)
- unknown positon
4. Ivory bead (1)
- broken
- perhaps 1 1/4 inches in diameter
- unknown positon
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Liberty Earthwork
Edwin Harness Mound, Burial Murphy 1978 30*
Burial
None
Murphy 1978:10
Feature Description:
- Directly south of Skeleton 28
Contents:
1. Cremated human remains (1)
2. Turkey bone bodkins (3)
- unknown position
3. Pierced needles (7)
- unknown position
*Burial number is assigned from Mills’ sequence in the order it is mentioned.
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Liberty Earthwork
Edwin Harness Mound, Murphy 1978 Burial 31*
Burial
None
Murphy 1978:10
Feature Description:
- South of Burial 30
Contents:
1. Cremated human remains (1)
2. Sea shells badly burned
- unknown position
*Burial number is assigned from Mills’ sequence in the order it is mentioned.
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Liberty Earthwork
Edwin Harness Mound, Murphy 1978 Burial 32*
Burial
None
Murphy 1978:10
Feature Description: No information given.
Contents:
1. Human skeletal remains (1)
2. Flint knife flakes (20)
- [other flint prismatic blade]
- unknown positon
*Burial number is assigned from Mills’ sequence in the order it is mentioned.
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Other Relevant Sources:
Liberty Earthwork
Edwin Harness Mound, Mills 1903 Burial 33*
Burial
None
Mills 1903a
Murphy 1978:10
Feature Description:
- Directly south of the central portion of the mound
- Placed upon a platform of fine sand
- Sand covered a layer of bark and portions of the skin of an animal
Contents:
1. Cremated human remains (1)
2. Woven fabric
- covering cremation
- unknown positon
3. Needles and awls (20)
- unknown positon
4. Copper crescent (1)
- surrounded by bark and a piece of woven cloth
- unknown positon
5. Pearl beads (“many”)
- large
- unknown positon
*Burial number is assigned from Mills’ sequence in the order it is mentioned.
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Relevant Figures & Plates:
Liberty Earthwork
Edwin Harness Mound, Mills 1907:168
Burial
None
Mills 1907:168-169
Figure 12
Feature Description:
- Enclosed by logs
- Clay platform
- Rectangular, basin-like repository for bones excavated from platform
- Grave relatively small (figure 12)
Contents:
1. Cremated human remains (1)
2. Cut and polished bear canine tooth halves (20)
- unknown position
3. Copper earspools
- unknown position
4. Knives
- unknown position
5. Platform pipe (1)
- steatite
- unknown position
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Liberty Earthwork
Edwin Harness Mound, Mills 1907 Burial 46
Burial
None
Mills 1907:164
Feature Description: No information given.
Contents:
1. Cremated human remains (1)
2. Arrow points (2)
- [assumed to be flint/chert]
3. Copper earspools (2)
- unknown position
4. Human jaws (1)
- inferior maxilla
- missing incisor teeth replaced by deer incisors (3)
- polished and cut
- unknown position
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Liberty Earthwork
Edwin Harness Mound, Mills 1907 Burial 71*
Burial
None
Mills 1907:172
Feature Description: No information given.
Contents:
1. Cremated human remains (1)
2. Copper plates (3)
*Greber (1979, Table 6.4) notes that a cremated skeleton between Burial numbers 70 and 100 was interred
with three copper plates. She also notes that there were additional artifacts present, though does not specify
what types.
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Relevant Figures & Plates:
Liberty Earthwork
Edwin Harness Mound, Mills 1907 Burial 89
Burial
None
Mills 1907:172
Figures 55 - 57
Feature Description: No information given.
Contents:
1. Cremated human remains (1)
2. Mica sheets various designs (100) – (figures 56 – 57)
- unknown position
3. Mica point (1) – (figure 55)
- 10 inch long by 3 inch wide
- unknown position
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Liberty Earthwork
Edwin Harness Mound, Mills 1907 Burials 100-103
Burial
Burials 100, 101, 102, 103
Mills 1907: 144
Feature Description:
- Clay platform
- Log enclosure
- Grave is large relative to most cremations at the site
Contents:
1. Human skeletal remains (4)
- 100: uncremated and extended
- 101*: cremated, right side of Burial 100
- 102*: cremated, left side of Burial 100
- 103*: uncremated, near Burial 100’s keens on right side
2. Copper ornaments
- earspools at side of Burial 100’s head
3. Copper plate (1)
- beneath Burial 100’s hips
4. Human jaws perforated (2)
- near Burial 103
5. Human trophy skull (1)
- left hand side of body
6. Bead string (2100 beads)
- unclear which skeleton is associated with this artifact
*Burial number is assigned from Mills’ sequence in the order it is mentioned.
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Liberty Earthwork
Edwin Harness Mound, Mills 1907:157
Burial
None
Mills 1907:157-158
Feature Description: No information given.
Contents:
1. Cremated human remains (1)
2. Copper axe (1)
- Covered with cloth
- 3 1/10 inches long by 1 1/10 inches wide
- unknown position
3. Copper ear ornaments (2)
4. Copper plates (2)
- large
- unknown position
5. Human trophy skull (1)
- unknown position
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Relevant Figures & Plates:
Liberty Earthwork
Edwin Harness Mound, Burial 107
Burial
None
Mills 1907:166-167
Figure 45
Feature Description: No information given.
Contents:
1. Cremated human remains (1)
2. Wildcat jaw (figure 45)
- unknown position
Note: The jaws may not be the only artifacts recovered with this skeleton
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Liberty Earthwork
Edwin Harness Mound, Feature 56
Burial
None
Greber 1983:36
Feature Description:
- Within secondary mound fill
Contents:
1. Cremated human remains (1)
2. Copper plate (1)
- 22.6 by 12.7 centimeters
- unknown position
3. Small copper adze (1)
- some fabric intact
- unknown position
4. Sandstone slab
- unknown position
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Liberty Earthwork
Edwin Harness Mound, Feature 60
Burial
None
Greber 1983:62
Feature Description: No information given.
Contents:
1. Human skeletal remains (1)
- partially cremated bundle burial
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Liberty Earthwork
Edwin Harness Mound, Feature 69a
Burial
None
Greber 1983:36
Feature Description:
- In the bottom of a pit
- Under Feature 69A
Contents:
1. Human skeletal remains (1)
- bundle burial
2. Cut marine shell container (1)
- buscyon
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Liberty Earthwork
Edwin Harness Mound, Feature 75
Burial
None
Greber 1983:62
Feature Description:
- Disturbed context
Contents:
1. Human skeletal remains (1)
- primary inhumation
- copper staining on bones
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Liberty Earthwork
Edwin Harness Mound, Feature 84
Burial
None
Greber 1983:36
Feature Description:
- Grave cut through mound floor
Contents:
1. Human skeletal remains (1)
- extended
No Artifacts
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Liberty Earthwork
Edwin Harness Mound, Post Hole 25
Burial
None
Greber 1983:31
Feature Description:
- Post hole at 26 centimeters East-West by 30 centimeters North-South extending 56
centimeters below the floor surface
Contents:
1. Human skeletal remains (1)
- human skull and mandible
- parts of skull colored red
- holes drilled in ascending rami of mandible
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Liberty Earthwork
Russell Brown Mound 1, Feature 73
Ceremonial Deposit
Not Applicable
Seeman and Soday 1980:76
Feature Description:
- Carefully prepared basin
- 64 centimeter diameter by 15 centimeters deep
- Probable mortuary offering
Contents:
1. Charcoal
2. Bird effigy head (1)
- near center of the pit
- material probably came from the Appalachians
- 108 millimeters long, 55 millimeter high, 32 millimeter thick
- appears to represent both a bird and an axe
- probably a raptor
- generally similar to the bird found on the Turner parietals
3. Plain stone tablet (1)
- in center of pit
- made of conglomerate
4. Cut mica sheets
- around the rim of the basin at various points
- one sheet near Northeast rim
- one sheet near Northwest rim
- at least five sheets near Southwest rim
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Liberty Earthwork
Russell Brown Mound 1, Feature 97
Ceremonial Deposit
Not Applicable
Seeman and Soday 1980:78
Feature Description:
- A circular deposit of trimmed mica sheets 30 centimeters in diameter
- Probable mortuary offering
Contents:
1. Trimmed mica sheets
- laid out in a circular deposit 30 centimeter in diameter
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Liberty Earthwork
Russell Brown Mound 1, Feature 198
Burial
None
Seeman and Soday 1980:78
Feature Description:
- Basin shaped pit
- 33 centimeters in diameter and 15 centimeters deep
- Originating slightly above the baseline at the top of the burnt layer that covered the
base line
Contents:
1. Cremated human(?) remains (hundreds of pieces – 1 individual?)
- [not definitively identifiable as human, but probably so]
2. Pot sherds (3)
- mound city incised
- other sherds from same vessel found elsewhere in the mound
3. Small mica flakes (“several”)
- unknown position
Note: The hundreds of pieces could be the remains of several individuals, or a well
cremated and broken up single individual. It is coded as a single individual.
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Liberty Earthwork
Russell Brown Mound 1, Feature 228
Ceremonial Deposit
Not Applicable
Seeman and Soday 1980:75
Feature Description:
- A basin shaped pit, 74 centimeter diameter and 41 centimeters deep
- Filled with grey soil
- Probably important in the burial program
Contents:
1. Tubular beads of marine shell columnella (2)
2. Freshwater pearl globular bead (2)
3. Shark’s tooth (1)
- burned
4. Grit tempered tetrapodal support
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Liberty Earthwork
Russell Brown Mound 2, Feature 3
Ceremonial Deposit
Not Applicable
Seeman and Soday 1980:85
Feature Description:
- A large basin shaped pit 183 centimeters in diameter, 33 centimeters deep
Contents:
1. Triangular bifaces (120)
- “ceremonially killed”
- at center of pit
- generally similar material to Turner D and Hopewell 25
2. Pot sherds (“many”)
- in layers over the pile of bifaces
- twenty three (23) Seip plain
- three (3) Chillicothe rubber stamped
- four (4) Mound City incised
- thirty eight (38) Turner simple stamped
- twenty eight (28) McGraw cord marked
- one hundred and two (102) McGraw plain, four (4) are rims
3. Flint blade cores (2)
- broken
- southern end of triangular biface pile
4. Flint perforator (1)
5. Prismatic blade fragments (4)
- two flint ridge flint
- two Mercer flint
- fortuitous
6. Flint flake (1)
- burned
- fortuitous
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Liberty Earthwork
Russell Brown Mound 2, Feature 21
Burial
Feature 21A & 21B
Seeman and Soday 1980:86
Feature Description:
- An elliptical pit 74 centimeters long, 51 centimeters wide and 22 centimeters deep
- Located 30 centimeters above the mound floor at about the top of the burned zone
Contents:
1. Cremated human remains (2)
2. Flint flakes (“a few”)
- burned
- unknown position
3. Burned bone fragments
- unknown position
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Liberty Earthwork
Russell Brown Mound 2, Feature 49
Burial
Feature 49A & 49B
Seeman and Soday 1980:87
Feature Description:
- Elliptical pit 114 centimeters long, 102 centimeters wide, and 10 centimeters deep
- Originated 15 centimeters above the floor at the bottom of the adjacent burned layer
Contents:
1. Cremated human remains (2)
2. Pot sherds
- McGraw cord marked (4)
- unknown position
3. Flint ridge prismatic blade fragments (1)
- unburned
- unknown position
4. Flakes (“a few”)
- unknown position
5. Animal bones
- at least on e large non human mammal
- at least one bird
- both fragments burned
- unknown position
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Liberty Earthwork
Russell Brown Mound 3, Feature 1
Burial
None
Seeman and Soday 1980:92
Feature Description:
- A basin shaped depression 46 centimeters in diameter and 13 centimeters deep
Contents:
1. Cremated human remains (1)
2. Prismatic blades (3)
- [other flint prismatic blade]
- complete specimens were made of Harrison county flint, obsidian, Knife River flint
- unknown position
3. Flint flake (1)
- [fancy prismatic blade]
- upper mercer flint
- unknown position
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Liberty Earthwork
Russell Brown Mound 3, Feature 12
Burial
None
Seeman and Soday 1980:92
Feature Description:
- A basin shaped depression 152 centimeters in diameter, 30 centimeters deep
Contents:
1. Cremated human remains (1)
2. Prismatic blade fragments (2)
- [other flint prismatic blade]
- burned
- flint ridge flint
- unknown position
3. Mica cutout fragments
- unknown position
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Liberty Earthwork
Russell Brown Mound 3, Feature 18
Burial
None
Seeman and Soday 1980:93
Feature Description:
- Located 38 centimeters below the surface and 36 centimeters above the gravel floor
Contents:
1. Cremated human remains (1)
2. Rectangular copper breastplate (1)
- fabric attached
- ritually “killed”
- unknown position
3. Broken slate pieces
- unknown position
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Liberty Earthwork
Russell Brown Mound 3, Feature 26
Ceremonial Deposit
Not Applicable
Seeman and Soday 1980:92
Feature Description:
- A basin shaped pit 76 centimeters in diameter and 25 centimeters deep
- Filled with fire-cracked rock and fragments of charred logs and bark
Contents:
1. Burned fabric
2. Animal bones (72)
- three deer fragments, burned and unburned
- fifty seven mammal bone fragments, burned and unburned
- one fish bone fragments
- five bird bone fragments, unburned
3. Pottery sherds (23)
- fifteen, McGraw plain
- six, McGraw cord marked
- one, Turner simple stamped
- Turner checked stamped
- one Southeastern series
4. Prismatic blade fragments (9)
5. Polyhedral flint blade core (1)
6. Shark’s tooth drilled (1)
- unburned
7. Raccoon canine (1)
- drilled and unburned