Java Intro
Strings
• “This is a string.”
– Enclosed in double quotes
• “This is “ + “another “ + “string”
– + concatenates strings
• “This is “ + 1 + “ string”
– + can also concatenate numbers and strings
Escape Sequences
• Same as in python
– \t tab
– \n newline
– \” double quote
– \\ backslash
Variables
• Unlike python, Java is strongly typed
– You MUST specify the type of each variable
• Numeric primitive types
– int,long, float, double
Examples
int age;
double cost;
int x = 5;
double a = 9, b = 9.5;
• x=b; //COMPILATION ERROR
• age = 10.6; //COMPILATION ERROR
Other Primitive Types
• char
– A single character enclosed in single quotes
– char first_initial = 'S';
• boolean
– true/false
– boolean isPair = true;
Constants
• final keyword prevents changing value of
variable
– final double TAX_RATE = .0825;
Expressions
• +, -, *, /, %
• Same precedence as python
Expressions
• ++ = increase by 1
– int i = 0;
– i++; //add one to i
• -- = decrease by 1
– int i = 10;
– i--; //subtract 1 from i
• pre/post increment
– int total1 = ++i;
– int total2 = i++;
Data Conversion
• Assignment conversion
– assign value of one type to variable of another
type
– OK for widening conversions
• int i = 5; double d = i;
Data Conversion
• Promotion
– operators automatically convert operands
– double a = 5.0;
– int b = 6;
– double result = a/b;
Data Conversion
• Casting
– programmer explicitly specifies
– specify type in parens
– double d = 9; int x=(int)d;
Keyboard Input
• The Scanner class
import java.util.Scanner;
Scanner scan = new Scanner (System.in);
scan.nextLine()
scan.nextInt()
scan.nextDouble()
import java.util.Scanner;
public class Tax {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//A program to calculate tax and total cost for an item.
//constant rate of taxation
final double TAX_RATE = .0825;
Scanner s = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.println("Enter item cost: ");
//ask user for the cost of the item
double cost = s.nextDouble();
//calculate the tax
double tax = cost*TAX_RATE;
//calculate total cost
double total = cost+tax;
System.out.println("Cost: " + cost);
System.out.println("Tax : " + tax);
System.out.println("Total: " + total);
}
}