Mata kuliah : J0782 - Kepemimpinan Entrepreneurial Global
Tahun
: 2010
Kepemimpinan dalam Tim dan Grup
Chapter 11
Learning Objectives
• Understand the processes that determine group
performance
• Understand how leaders can influence team
processes and improve performance
• Understand the different types of teams that are
commonly used in organizations and the implications
for team leadership
• Understand how leadership is shared in self-managed
teams and the conditions that make these teams more
effective
Learning Objectives (Cont.)
• Understand the advantages of cross-functional teams
and the difficulties confronting leaders of these teams
• Understand procedures to facilitate team learning and
build trust and cooperation
• Understand the primary leadership functions in
decision groups
• Understand procedures for leading successful
meetings
The Nature of Teams
Types of Teams
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Functional Teams
Cross-Functional Teams
Self-Managed Teams (“Semi-Autonomous Work Group”)
Virtual Teams
Determinants of Team Performance
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Commitment to Shared Objectives
Member Skills and Role Clarity
Internal Organization and Coordination
External Coordination
Resources and Political Support
Mutual Trust and Cooperation
Collective Efficacy and Potency
Key Performance Determinants
Leadership in Different Types of Teams
Cross-Functional Teams
Leadership in Different Types of Teams
Cross-Functional Teams (Cont.)
Procedures for Facilitating Team Learning
• After-Activity Reviews
– Near the beginning, make a self-critique that acknowledges
shortcomings
– Encourage feedback from others and model nondefensive
acceptance of it
– Ask members to identify effective and ineffective aspects of
team performance
– Encourage members to examine how group processes affected
team performance
Procedures for Facilitating Team Learning
(Cont.)
• After-Activity Reviews
– Keep the discussion focused on behaviors rather than on
individuals
– If necessary, provide your own assessment of team
performance
– Recognize improvements in team performance
– Ask members for suggestions on how to improve team
performance
– Propose improvements not already included in the team’s
suggestions
Guidelines for Team Buildings
• Emphasize common interests and values
• Use ceremonies and rituals
• Use symbols to develop identification with the
group
• Encourage and facilitate social interaction
Guidelines for Team Buildings (Cont.)
• Tell people about group activities and
achievements
• Conduct process analysis sessions
• Conduct alignment sessions
• Increase incentives for mutual cooperation
Decision Making in Groups
• Determinants of Group Processes
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Group size
Status differential
Cohesiveness
Member diversity
Emotional maturity
Physical environment
Communication technology
Leadership Functions in Meetings
Leadership Functions in Decision
Groups
Guidelines for Leading Meetings
• Inform people about necessary preparations for
a meeting
• Share essential information with group members
• Describe the problem without implying the
cause or solution
• Allow ample time for idea generation and
evaluation
• Separate idea generation from idea evaluation
Guidelines for Leading Meetings
(Cont.)
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Encourage and facilitate participation
Encourage positive restatement and idea building
Use systematic procedures for solution evaluation
Encourage members to look for an integrative solution
Encourage efforts to reach consensus when feasible
Clarify responsibilities for implementation