Wake-up
1. Are fungus autotrophs or
heterotrophs?
2. Explain how they obtain their food?
3. Explain the relationship between
mycelium and hyphae.
Plant Anatomy and
Physiology
Early Plant Ancestors
All were Aquatic
Phytoplankton: Green Algae
Unicelluar; Multicellular; Colonial (many
individual organisms living together in a
outer membrane)
Most diverse group of protists; can be found
everywhere
Even on the backs of some animals
Green Algae Structure
Stipe: Holds plant upright
Chloroplast
Cell Wall
Rhizoid: Anchors algae
Vacuole
Chloroplast
Stem
Cell Wall
Leaf
True Roots
Vacuole
What did plants have to do to
make the move to land?
Put down Roots
Green Algae Structure
Stipe: Holds plant upright
Algae absorb the
water they need from
surrounding;
rhizoids anchor
Rhizoid: Anchors algae
What did plants have to do to
make the move to land?
Develop a functional
stem
Green Algae Structure
Stipe: Holds plant upright
Algae absorb what
they need from their
surroundings; Water
holds them upright
Rhizoid: Anchors algae
What did plants have to do to
make the move to land?
Prevent water loss
Green Algae Structure
Stipe: Holds plant upright
Algae live in water;
no need to control
water; absorb what
they need
Rhizoid: Anchors algae
What is the function of
Roots?
What is the function of Roots?
• Absorb water and
nutrients
throughout the
plant.
• Structure and
support
Two types of roots: Fibrous
Many lateral roots
branching from
one main point
Two types of roots: Tap
One main root;
lateral roots
extending from the
tap root
What type of root?
Fibrous
What type of root?
Tap
What is the function of
stems?
What is the function of stems?
• Stems are the
main highway for
the transport of
glucose and
water.
• Vascular tissue
makes up core of
stems.
Plant tissue: Vascular
• Location: Core of
the stem
Plant tissue: Vascular
• Function:
Transports glucose
and water
throughout plants
Components of Vascular Tissue:
Phloem
• “Phloem down below
em”
• Transports glucose
down throughout the
plant.
• Glucose is made in the
leaves of a plant.
Components of Vascular Tissue:
Xylem
• “Xylem to the skylem”
• Vascular tissue is used
to transport materials
throughout the plant.
• Xylem transports water
up throughout the plant
What is the function of
leaves?
What is the function of leaves?
• Leaves are the site of
photosynthesis.
• Photosynthesis is
the process in which
plants capture
energy from the sun
and carbon dioxide
to make glucose
Leaf Structure
Stem
Leaf Venation:
• Net venation: veins are spread out
on the blade in a net. Like the
network of veins in our bodies.
• Parallel venation: veins are lined
side by side (parallel) on the blade.
Cuticle
• Found on the
top side of
leaves
• Waxy outer
layer which
prevents water
from leaving
the cell
Stomata
• Found on the
underside of
leaves
• They are tiny
openings that
allow water and
gases to move in
and out the leaf.
Plant Tissue: Dermal
• Location: Outer
most layer of
tissue.
• Function:
Prevent water
loss and
protection
Plant Responses: Phototropism*
• Plants response
to light.
• Leaves will bend
toward the light
to maximum
photosynthesis.
Gravitropism
• Plants response
to gravity
• Positive
Gravitropism:
Roots grow down
• Negative
Gravitropism:
Stems grow
against gravity
Thigmotropism
• Plants
response
to touch
•
Life: Plants 4:00