Commodity Futures
Chapter 5
Pert 05
Options, Futures, and Other Derivatives 6th Edition, Copyright © John C. Hull 2005
5.1
1. Gold: An Arbitrage
Opportunity?
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
Suppose that:
 The spot price of gold is US$390
 The quoted 1-year forward price of
gold is US$425
 The 1-year US$ interest rate is 5% per
annum
 No income or storage costs for gold
Is there an arbitrage opportunity?
Options, Futures, and Other Derivatives 6th Edition, Copyright © John C. Hull 2005
5.2
2. Gold: Another Arbitrage
Opportunity?


Suppose that:
 The spot price of gold is US$390
 The quoted 1-year forward price of
gold is US$390
 The 1-year US$ interest rate is 5%
per annum
 No income or storage costs for gold
Is there an arbitrage opportunity?
Options, Futures, and Other Derivatives 6th Edition, Copyright © John C. Hull 2005
5.3
The Forward Price of Gold
If the spot price of gold is S and the futures price
is for a contract deliverable in T years is F, then
F = S (1+r )T
where r is the 1-year (domestic currency) riskfree rate of interest.
In our examples, S=390, T=1, and r=0.05 so that
F = 390(1+0.05) = 409.50
Options, Futures, and Other Derivatives 6th Edition, Copyright © John C. Hull 2005
5.4
The Cost of Carry (Page 118-119)




The cost of carry, c, is the storage cost plus the
interest costs less the income earned
For an investment asset F0 = S0ecT
For a consumption asset F0  S0ecT
The convenience yield on the consumption
asset, y, is defined so that
F0 = S0 e(c–y )T
Options, Futures, and Other Derivatives 6th Edition, Copyright © John C. Hull 2005
5.5
Futures Prices & Expected Future
Spot Prices (Page 119-121)
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
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Suppose k is the expected return required by
investors on an asset
We can invest F0e–r T at the risk-free rate and
enter into a long futures contract so that there is
a cash inflow of ST at maturity
This shows that
( F0e  rT )e kT  E ( ST )
or
F0  E ( ST )e ( r  k )T
Options, Futures, and Other Derivatives 6th Edition, Copyright © John C. Hull 2005
5.6
Futures Prices & Future Spot
Prices (continued)

If the asset has
 no systematic risk, then k = r and F0 is
an unbiased estimate of ST
 positive systematic risk, then k > r and
F0 < E (ST )
 negative systematic risk, then k < r and
F0 > E (ST )
Options, Futures, and Other Derivatives 6th Edition, Copyright © John C. Hull 2005
5.7