Pertemuan 17
Overview of TCP/IP Error Message
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Discussion Topics
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IGRP features
IGRP metrics
IGRP routes
IGRP stability features
Configuring IGRP
Migrating RIP to IGRP
Verifying IGRP configuration
Troubleshooting IGRP
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Internet Control Message
Protocol (ICMP)
Error Reporting and Error
Correction
• ICMP is an error-reporting protocol for IP.
ICMP Message Delivery
• ICMP messages are encapsulated as data
in datagrams in the same way any other
data is delivered using IP.
Unreachable Networks
Ping
Detecting Excessively Long
Routes
• Whether the actual path includes too many hops or
a circular routing path exists, the packet will
eventually reach the end of its life, known as its
time-to-live (TTL).
ICMP Message Types
Destination Unreachable
Message
Code Values for Destination
Unreachable Messages
TCP/IP Suite Control
Messages
• Control messages are used to inform
hosts of conditions such as network
congestion or the existence of a better
gateway to a remote network.