Review: GLANDULAR
EPITHELIAL TISSUE;
CONNECTIVE TISSUE
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Review: Glandular Epithelia
1 Define Tissue
2 Define Gland
3 What are two ways glands are classified ?
4 Glands without ducts are ___________ glands?
List one example of a product of this type of
gland.
5 Glands with ducts are __________ glands ? List
one example of this type of gland.
6 Compare merocrine and holocrine glands. How are
they similar ? How do they differ ?
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Review: Connective Tissue
7 List 5 functions of connective tissue
8 What is the name of embryonic connective tissue
9 Which type of cartilage is the most abundant ?
Where would you find it in the body ?
10 Give an example of each of the following:
Loose connective tissue:
Dense connective tissue:
11 What organ can be both an endocrine gland and
an exocrine gland?
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Tissue: The Living Fabric
Tissue: NERVOUS and MUSCLE - Part 4
 The four types of tissues
 Epithelial
 Connective
 Muscle
 Nerve
Nervous Tissue
 Branched neurons with long cellular processes and
support cells (glia)
 Transmits electrical signals from sensory receptors
to effectors
 Found in the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral
nerves
Nervous Tissue
Figure 4.10
Muscle Tissue: Skeletal
 Long, cylindrical, multinucleate cells with obvious
striations
 Initiates and controls voluntary movement
 Found in skeletal muscles that attach to bones or
skin
Muscle Tissue: Skeletal
 Long, cylindrical, multinucleate cells with obvious
striations
 Initiates and controls voluntary movement
 Found in skeletal muscles that attach to bones or
skin
Figure 4.11a
Muscle Tissue: Cardiac
 Branching, striated, uninucleate cells interlocking at
intercalated discs
 Propels blood into the circulation
 Found in the walls of the heart
Muscle Tissue: Cardiac
 Branching, striated, uninucleate cells interdigitating
at intercalated discs
 Propels blood into the circulation
 Found in the walls of the heart
Figure 4.11b
cardiac muscle cells
junction between
adjacent cells
intercalated disc
Muscle Tissue: Smooth
 Sheets of spindle-shaped cells with central nuclei
that have no striations
 Propels substances along internal passageways (i.e.,
peristalsis)
 Found in the walls of hollow organs
Muscle Tissue: Smooth
Figure 4.11c
Lab 13
 Continue tissue slides: Blood, Muscle, Neuron,
Sperm
 Finish any incompleted Slides
 Turn in completed lab 13
 Video: Next Frontier in 3D Printing: Human
Organs
 Histology Handout and Tutorial
 Ted Talks Video: Printing a Human Kidney
 Lunch
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Epithelial Membranes
 Cutaneous – skin
Figure 4.9a
Epithelial Membranes
 Mucous – lines
body cavities open
to the exterior
(e.g., digestive and
respiratory tracts)
 Serous – moist
membranes found
in closed ventral
body cavity
Figure 4.9b
Epithelial Membranes
Figure 4.9c
Tissue Trauma
 Causes inflammation, characterized by:
 Dilation of blood vessels
 Increase in vessel permeability
 Redness, heat, swelling, and pain
Tissue Repair
 Organization and
restored blood supply
 The blood clot is
replaced with
granulation tissue
 Regeneration and
fibrosis
 Surface epithelium
regenerates and the
scab detaches
Figure 4.12a
Tissue Repair
 Fibrous tissue
matures and
begins to
resemble the
adjacent tissue
Figure 4.12b
Tissue Repair
 Results in a
fully
regenerated
epithelium
with
underlying
scar tissue
Figure 4.12c
Developmental Aspects
 Primary germ layers: ectoderm, mesoderm, and
endoderm
 Three layers of cells formed early in embryonic
development
 Specialize to form the four primary tissues
 Nerve tissue arises from ectoderm
THE RESULTS OF GASTRULATION IS THE FORMATION OF THREE CELL
LAYERS KNOWN AS THE:
A. ECTODERM - THE OUTERMOST PRIMARY GERM LAYER IN AN
ANIMAL EMBRYO. DEVELOPS INTO THE NERVOUS SYSTEM,
EPIDERMIS, AND SWEAT GLANDS.
B. MESODERM- THE MIDDLE PRIMARY GERM LAYER IN AN
ANIMAL EMBRYO. DEVELOPS INTO THE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM,
KIDNEYS, MUSCLE, BONES, SKIN, BLOOD, AND BLOOD VESSELS.
C. ENDODERM- INNERMOST PRIMARY GERM LAYER IN AN ANIMAL
EMBRYO. DEVELOPS INTO THE LUNGS, LIVER, THE LININGS OF THE
DIGESTIVE ORGANS, AND A SOME ENDOCRINE GLANDS.
THESE THREE LAYERS ARE REFEREED TO AS THE PRIMARY GERM
LAYERS BECAUSE ALL OF THE ORGANS AND TISSUES OF THE
EMBRYO WILL BE FORMED FROM THEM.
Developmental Aspects
 Muscle, connective tissue, endothelium, and
mesothelium arise from mesoderm
 Most mucosae arise from endoderm
 Epithelial tissues arise from all three germ layers
Developmental Aspects
Figure 4.13
Final Exam
 Chapter 4: Human Tissues
 Tissue Identification (from ppt. slides)
 Type of Tissue,
 Where Found in the Bod
 Genetics/Diseases Lecture
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