Matakuliah Tahun Versi : T0553/Sistem Multimedia : 2005 :5 Pertemuan 08 Multimedia Authoring Tools 1 Learning Outcomes Pada akhir pertemuan ini, diharapkan mahasiswa akan mampu : • Menunjukkan Penggunaan Video pada Aplikasi Multimedia 2 Outline Materi • Multimedia Authoring • Types of Authoring System • Multimedia Programming Tools 3 Multimedia Authoring • Authoring tools provide an integrated environment for binding together the different elements of a Multimedia production. 4 The Components of an Authoring Tool • Most authoring systems provide facilities for: – Loading and saving media assets (graphics, sounds, videos, text, etc.) – Creating or editing audio and graphic images – Page or slide building (layering multimedia data to create a single page) – Animation / transition effects – Specifying the sequence of the application – Adding interactive controls for navigation and actions at run-time – Creation of CD-ROM or web-based distributions 5 Types of Authoring System • There are numerous development models that can be used for multimedia applications • Authoring systems generally fall into one or more of the following categories: – – – – – Slide, card or frame based Icon based The score model Object-oriented models Scripting language based • Some systems combine one or more of these to create more sophisticated tools 6 Slide, Card or Frame Based • In these, authoring systems elements are organised as pages of a book or a stack of cards. • The authoring system lets you link these pages or cards into organised sequences. • You can jump, on command, to any page you wish in a structured navigation pattern. • A page may contain hyperlinks to other pages to provide navigation or pages may be sequentially viewed • There may be global parameters that can be set to affect the entire application – e.g. background colour, default font, etc. 7 Icon-Based Authoring • Each part is represented an icon (symbolic picture) • Each icon does a specific task, e.g. plays a sound • Icons are then linked together to form complete applications • Can easily visualise the structure and navigation of the final application A screenshot of Macromedia Authorware 8 The Score Model • This model has an analogy with a musical score • Instead of musical instruments playing notes we have multimedia objects (sounds, images, video, text, etc.) that do something at specific points (times) in the score • There is usually some way to animate the objects (e.g. rotation, scaling, colour changes, etc.) between each transition (i.e. when they start and when they finish) • Each multimedia object lives in a track • A score has one or more tracks 9 Scores and Timelines • Timelines are a useful way of representing multimedia data during the course of a presentation or application – Time is represented along the x-axis – Tracks are represented along the y-axis • The developer can move objects left and right to change the order of the information and can lengthen or shorten the bars to change their duration 0 seconds Track 1 Track 2 Track 3 Track 4 5 seconds 10 seconds 15 seconds Background music Animation Voice over (narration) Video 10 Scripting Language Based Models • Scripting languages are cut-down versions of complete programming languages – They tend to have less features and are therefore easier to learn • Scripting models allow the developer to write small scripts (programs) which can be associated with a multimedia object – e.g. you may write a script to make a graphic image move across the screen or to make a window pop up when an item is clicked 11 Object-oriented models • In an object-oriented model, everything that can be put in an application is considered an object • Every object has: – State - A description of its unique properties • e.g. a graphic image’s state would describe its size, colour depth, author’s name, etc. – Behaviour - The things that the object can do • e.g. a video can be played, stopped or rewound • Icon and score-based models usually have objectoriented features also • Objects are self contained and can be reused in later projects 12 Microsoft PowerPoint • PowerPoint is: – a “business graphics” package – a slide-based multimedia tool • Supports vector graphics, bitmapped images, sound, video and hyperlinks • Supports many slide transitions and animations (see right) • Developers can script objects to make them display at specific times or events – The events are represented by a limited number of presets – and cannot be altered 13 Sound Forge 6.0 • Audio editing, audio recording, effects processing, and rich media encoding. • Powerful and fast non-destructive audio editing • Supports a wide range of audio formats, including 15 import formats and 17 export formats, such as WAV, Windows Media™ Audio and Video, MPEG-1&2*, RealAudio® and MP3 14 Macromedia Flash • Flash is a tool for creating animated vector graphics and multimedia • It uses a timeline and object-oriented model • Has a very useful feature called tweening which can be used to create animations – You specify a start and end point and Flash calculates all the inbetween frames of the animation • Flash is a popular format on websites. 15 Macromedia Flash Screenshot Tracks Timeline Tweening 16 Macromedia Director • Director is a package with many features – Sound and audio editing – Bitmap and vector graphics editing – Asset management • Uses a metaphor of cast, stage and score – The Cast are the media assets – The Stage is the screen or individual page – The Score is the sequence of events • Director has its own programming language called Lingo which can be used to add new functionality • Director is one of the most widely used PC tools 17 Multimedia Programming Tools • Programming tools differ from authoring tools in that they tend to be much lower level and require the developer to have more knowledge of the underlying hardware and programming language • Programming tools give the developer access to much more functionality than authoring tools but require much more effort (and money!) 18 Authoring versus Programming • Authoring tools are what we call high level tools – A lot of the technical details of how things are done is hidden from the developer. The developer can concentrate on the functionality instead of how to make the hardware work – Authoring tools are generally quicker to learn and can be used by non-programmers but may have limited flexibility • Programming tools are low level tools – They provide access to the low level hardware features for those who want to get the most out of the computer – Programming tools are more difficult to use and require good programming knowledge but can be much more flexible 19