Matakuliah
Tahun
Versi
: T0553/Sistem Multimedia
: 2005
:5
Pertemuan 08
Multimedia Authoring Tools
1
Learning Outcomes
Pada akhir pertemuan ini, diharapkan mahasiswa
akan mampu :
• Menunjukkan Penggunaan Video pada Aplikasi
Multimedia
2
Outline Materi
• Multimedia Authoring
• Types of Authoring System
• Multimedia Programming Tools
3
Multimedia Authoring
• Authoring tools provide an integrated
environment for binding together the
different elements of a Multimedia
production.
4
The Components of an Authoring
Tool
• Most authoring systems provide facilities for:
– Loading and saving media assets (graphics, sounds,
videos, text, etc.)
– Creating or editing audio and graphic images
– Page or slide building (layering multimedia data to
create a single page)
– Animation / transition effects
– Specifying the sequence of the application
– Adding interactive controls for navigation and actions
at run-time
– Creation of CD-ROM or web-based distributions
5
Types of Authoring System
• There are numerous development models that can be
used for multimedia applications
• Authoring systems generally fall into one or more of the
following categories:
–
–
–
–
–
Slide, card or frame based
Icon based
The score model
Object-oriented models
Scripting language based
• Some systems combine one or more of these to create
more sophisticated tools
6
Slide, Card or Frame Based
• In these, authoring systems elements are organised as pages of a
book or a stack of cards.
• The authoring system lets you link these pages or cards into
organised sequences.
• You can jump, on command, to any page you wish in a structured
navigation pattern.
• A page may contain hyperlinks to other pages to provide navigation
or pages may be sequentially viewed
• There may be global parameters that can be set to affect the entire
application
– e.g. background colour, default font, etc.
7
Icon-Based Authoring
• Each part is represented an
icon (symbolic picture)
• Each icon does a specific task,
e.g. plays a sound
• Icons are then linked together
to form complete applications
• Can easily visualise the
structure and navigation of the
final application
A screenshot of
Macromedia Authorware
8
The Score Model
• This model has an analogy with a musical score
• Instead of musical instruments playing notes we
have multimedia objects (sounds, images, video,
text, etc.) that do something at specific points
(times) in the score
• There is usually some way to animate the
objects (e.g. rotation, scaling, colour changes,
etc.) between each transition (i.e. when they
start and when they finish)
• Each multimedia object lives in a track
• A score has one or more tracks
9
Scores and Timelines
• Timelines are a useful way of representing multimedia data during
the course of a presentation or application
– Time is represented along the x-axis
– Tracks are represented along the y-axis
• The developer can move objects left and right to change the order of
the information and can lengthen or shorten the bars to change their
duration
0 seconds
Track 1
Track 2
Track 3
Track 4
5 seconds
10 seconds
15 seconds
Background music
Animation
Voice over (narration)
Video
10
Scripting Language Based Models
• Scripting languages are cut-down versions of
complete programming languages
– They tend to have less features and are therefore
easier to learn
• Scripting models allow the developer to write
small scripts (programs) which can be
associated with a multimedia object
– e.g. you may write a script to make a graphic image
move across the screen or to make a window pop up
when an item is clicked
11
Object-oriented models
• In an object-oriented model, everything that can be put in
an application is considered an object
• Every object has:
– State - A description of its unique properties
• e.g. a graphic image’s state would describe its size, colour depth,
author’s name, etc.
– Behaviour - The things that the object can do
• e.g. a video can be played, stopped or rewound
• Icon and score-based models usually have objectoriented features also
• Objects are self contained and can be reused in later
projects
12
Microsoft PowerPoint
• PowerPoint is:
– a “business graphics” package
– a slide-based multimedia tool
• Supports vector graphics,
bitmapped images, sound, video
and hyperlinks
• Supports many slide transitions
and animations (see right)
• Developers can script objects to
make them display at specific
times or events
– The events are represented by a
limited number of presets
– and cannot be altered
13
Sound Forge 6.0
• Audio editing, audio recording, effects
processing, and rich media encoding.
• Powerful and fast non-destructive audio editing
• Supports a wide range of audio formats,
including 15 import formats and 17 export
formats, such as WAV, Windows Media™ Audio
and Video, MPEG-1&2*, RealAudio® and MP3
14
Macromedia Flash
• Flash is a tool for creating animated vector graphics and
multimedia
• It uses a timeline and object-oriented model
• Has a very useful feature called tweening which can be
used to create animations
– You specify a start and end point and Flash calculates all the inbetween frames of the animation
• Flash is a popular format on websites.
15
Macromedia Flash Screenshot
Tracks
Timeline
Tweening
16
Macromedia Director
• Director is a package with many features
– Sound and audio editing
– Bitmap and vector graphics editing
– Asset management
• Uses a metaphor of cast, stage and score
– The Cast are the media assets
– The Stage is the screen or individual page
– The Score is the sequence of events
• Director has its own programming language called Lingo
which can be used to add new functionality
• Director is one of the most widely used PC tools
17
Multimedia Programming Tools
• Programming tools differ from authoring tools in
that they tend to be much lower level and
require the developer to have more knowledge
of the underlying hardware and programming
language
• Programming tools give the developer access to
much more functionality than authoring tools but
require much more effort (and money!)
18
Authoring versus Programming
• Authoring tools are what we call high level tools
– A lot of the technical details of how things are done is hidden
from the developer. The developer can concentrate on the
functionality instead of how to make the hardware work
– Authoring tools are generally quicker to learn and can be used
by non-programmers but may have limited flexibility
• Programming tools are low level tools
– They provide access to the low level hardware features for those
who want to get the most out of the computer
– Programming tools are more difficult to use and require good
programming knowledge but can be much more flexible
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