History,Theorists
and Research
Chapter 1 Summary Notes
* Notes for educational
purposes only-use with
course textbook
Theory

Orderly, integrated
set of statements
that
 Describes
 Explains and
 Predicts behavior

Provide organized
frameworks for
observations
 Provide and a guide
and meaning to
observations
Development-Continuous or
Discontinuous?
Continuous

Smooth
 No stages
 gradual
Discontinuous

Stages
 Rapid changes
 Interpretations are
qualitatively different
Nature vs Nurture

Nature
– Inborn biological
– Hereditary and
genetics

Nurture
– Physical and social
world influence
biological makeup
Major Periods of Human
Development

Table 1.1
 Page 8
 Please read and
review
Ways to look at development






Multidirectional
Multidimensional
Plastic
Age-graded
History-graded
Nonnormative
influences
History

John Locke-tabula
rasa-blank slate
 Jean Jacques
Rousseau-noble
savages
Scientific Periods

Darwin-survival of
the fittest
 Normative Periodgenetically
determined process
that unfolds
 Mental testing-Binet,
IQ etc
Major Theorists

Freudphyschosexual
theory
– Id, ego and superego
– Table 1.2
Development and Learning
Theories and Theorists

Cognitive Development
Theory
– Jean Piaget table 1.4

Sociocultural Theory

– B.F. Skinner

Multiple Intelligence
– Howard Gardner
– Lev Vygotsky

Theory (psychosocial)
-Erik Erikson
table 1.3
Behavioral Theory
Ecological Systems
– Bronfenbrenner
• Microsystem
• Mesosystem
• macrosystem
Review

Table 1.5

Please read and
reivew
Research

Observations
– Naturalistic
– Structured
Self reports
interviews
Case studies
Ethongraphy
Table 1.6
Ethics






Protect from harm
Informed consent
Privacy
Knowledge of
results
Beneficial treatment
IRB