PsychoPathology
I. Define Abnormality –
A)Maladaptive
B) disruptive
C) Eccentric
II. MODELS
A) Medical model ( Hippocrates) It’s a physical problem. . .and Romans and
Greeks related to the mental illness aspect.
EX. Dementia,
B) Psychological models driven by inner turmoil
(1) Psychodynamic
(2) Cog-Behav
(3) Phenomenological
(c) Sociocultural factors
(d) Diathesis stress model III. Classifying Psy Disorders (D0’s)
1. DSM –IV TR of the APA - lists abnormal behavior- not causes
a. Axis I - Major clinical syndromes
b. Axis II - personality DO’s
c. Axis III - relevant Physical conditions
d. Axis IV - Stress rating scale
e. Psy, social, occup functioning scale
DSM IV eliminated neurotic +psychotic term
Reliability of rating is high for DSM IV
IV. TYPES OF DISORDERS
A) ANXIETY DISORDERS
(1) Phobias - strong irrational fear - specific to social to Agoraphobia
(safe place)
(2) GAD - free floating, no specific source
(3) Panic DO - unpredicatable attacks
(4)OCD-persistent thought- obsession
strong urge -- Compulsion - repetitive
B) SOMATOFORM DO’s - physical DO w/o physical cause
(1) CONVERSION DO (hysteria) “I’m blind”
(2) hypochondriacs - vague symptoms
(3) Somatization DO - a littany of problems
(4) Pain DO - Pain w/o cause
C) DISSOCIATIVE DO’s - temporary memory ID or consciousness disruptions.
(1) Fugue - autobio data is lost, new ID
(2) Amnesia - sudden memory loss, old ID
(3) Identity DO (DID) mulitple ID’s or Multiple personalities - i.e Eve
D) MOOD DO’s -- Affective (emotion) Mood troughs!
(1) DEPRESSION - long periods, lnterest lost, guilt, sleeplessness, poor
concentrtion, delusional - 20% of US Pop will suffer this
(a) dysthymia - milder form - 2 year length
(b) SAD
(2) Bi-polar - MANIC - two emotional extremes - Depression to Mania
(boundless energy, optimism, plethora of ideas. Cyclothymia - less extreme.
E) SCHIZOPHRENIA - severe disturb thots, emotions, perception; affects daily life
(1) symptoms (a) disordered thot - incoherent- (+) Neologisms New words - loose
associations word clangs - word salads. thot content is disturbeddelusional, grandeur, sound bites, thot blocking, thot insertion
(b) Hallucinations - false perceptions
(c) emotionally affect (flat (-))
(d) physically agitated
(e) low motivation
(2). types (a) Paranoid Schiz - delusions of grandeur, anxiety, anger (b) Disorganized Schiz (c) Catatonic - Immobile to extreme
(3) Causes:
(1) Bio - Genetic component- family tree
Predisposition (diathesis); Brain cell deterioration. Also dysregulation
of Dopamine; early life physical traumas.
(2) Freud - get excited over awareness of unacceptable unconscious
impulses (dream)
(3) Cog-Beh - learned maladaptive
(4) vulnerability model - diathesis stress.
F) OTHERS
(1) Personality DO’s - long standing inflexible traits
a. Schizotypal DO - odd, eccentric
b. Avoidant Per DO - anxious, fearful, extra sensitive to criticism
c. Narcissistic- exaggerated sense of self. no empathy for others.,
d. Anti-Social (Psychopathy) irresponsible, impulse, unscrupulous. lack
of guilt, shame. persistent, even w/ punishment!
(2) Substance related - Psychoactive drugs
a. addiction - physical need
b. building tolerance c. withdrawal symptoms
d. dependence
(3) Childhood DO
a. Conduct DO’s
b. ADHD
c. internalizing or overcontrol
d. Separation anxiety
e. Autism - No attachment