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Kinds and Sources of Materials
Pertemuan 5
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KINDS OF MATERIALS
English learners need a course that brings them to the four
systems and four skills. Therefore, the kinds of materials to be used are
all materials for the subject matter of English language teaching :
a)
LANGUAGE SYSTEMS :
Lexis, Grammar, Function, Phonology.
b)
LANGUAGE SKILLS :
Reading, Listening, Speaking, Writing.
Examples : materials for vocabulary (lexis) of “jobs”, materials for
teaching “how to make request”, materials for reading comprehension,
materials for writing an application letter, etc.
2
Sources of English Materials
The purpose of learning a language is usually to enable you to take
part in exchanges of information: talking with friends, reading
instructions on a packet of food, understanding directions, writing a
note to a colleague, etc.
Sources of materials, therefore, can be of anywhere, depending on the
need of the lesson and class.
Examples : from course books, magazines, newspaper, a dialogue or
an interview from radio / TV, films or videos, songs, etc.
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An example from an article of a magazine :
From Buses to Planes
Constatino de Oliveira Jr. remembers that when he was a child his
businessman father complained endlessly about the poor yet expensive
airline service in Brazil. “He would say, “We are living in a developing
country, and we need to have an airline better suited to this country.”
Years later Oliveira and his father stopped complaining and did
something about it. In January 2001 they launched a low-fare, frill-free
airline called Gol Linhas Aereas Inteligentes (Gol Intelligent Airlines). It
is Brazil’s third-largest airline and the most profitable in the world, with
an operating margin ( earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation,
amortization and restructuring costs ) of 37% in the 12 months through
June, on $ 912 million in revenue. Southwest Airlines reaped a 20%
margin in the same period.
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The Olivieras’ operating philosophy : Provide good, but not
fancy, service at low prices, and keep costs down. Gol offers only
economy class and has no frequent flier program. For five months
last year, Gol had a fare sale : Buy the outbound portion of a flight
between cities like Sao Paulo and Rio de Janeiro at full fare, stay at
least two nights, and pay only 1 real – the equivalent of 42 cents –
for the flight fro Rio back to Sao Paulo. This was no loss leader,
insists Oliveira Jr., who runs the company. The planes were
backhauls – they had to fly back to cities where they originated,
empty or not.
“We always make money,” says Oliveira Jr. “We are stimulating
demand”, he says. Hey call it the Gol effect : Brazilians who
previously traveled hundreds of miles by bus now find it just as
cheap to fly Gol.
(Forbes, Oct 31, 2005)
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→ After reading the above article, think of what this material can be
used for, based on the language systems and skills.
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An example of a picture exercise :
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