Leveraging IMS for VoLTE and RCS
Services in LTE Networks
Adnan Saleem, Chief Architect
ETSI Workshop – RCS, VoLTE, and Beyond
Kranj, Slovenia,
October 11, 2012
Topics
 Journey from TDM to Packet World
• The Myth and the Reality
 Advantages of Moving to VoLTE/RCS
for Fixed and Mobile Operators
 Leveraging IMS Core Network for VoLTE/RCS
• A Truly Converged Network
 Ensuring the Best Media Experience
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Corporate Overview - Global Footprint
Dublin
Vancouver
Hillsboro
San Diego
Gdansk
Tokyo
Boston
Shanghai
Barcelona
Shenzhen
Bangalore
Penang
Research & Development Centers
Sales/ Support Offices
Manufacturing Site
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Corporate Overview
Media Server (MRF/AS) Business Snapshot
 NASDAQ Listed: RSYS
 ~ $350M per year Revenue
 ~ 950 employees
 Markets Served
 Telecom / Networking
 Aerospace / Defence
 Medical
IP Media Servers
Solutions
 Conferencing
 Network Services
 IMS MRF
 Ringback Tones
 IVVR
 Transcoding
 Automation
IP Media Servers
Leadership
IP Media Servers
Customers
Source: Infonetics Research,
Service Provider VoIP Equipment and
Subscriber Market Share and
Forecasts - CY10
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Radisys Supplies Products for
End-to-End LTE Infrastructure
Radio Access Network
User
Equipment
Home eNodeB
Evolved Packet Core
Policy Control
Policy &
Charging
Routing
Function
Mobility
Management
Entity
Policy &
Charging
Enforcement
Function
60+ Customer Wins
Macro  Small Cells
IMS
Application
Server
User
Equipment
eNodeB
IP Multimedia Subsystem
LTE Security Serving
Gateway
Gateway
Media
Resource
Function
Internet
Packet
Gateway
10G  40G ATCA
~40% ATCA Share
Traffic Management
Dumb  Smart Pipes
Radisys Corporation Confidential
VoLTE  Video VAS
~65% Audio Conf Share
5
Delivering Voice (and Video)
… TDM to VoIP to VoLTE/RCS …
 IP Packet Networks Originally Designed for Data
 Voice Originally Delivered over TDM networks
• Dedicated channel for duration of the call
• Voice Delivery Separate from IP network
• Diversity of Network Elements to Support IP vs TDM traffic
 2G/3G Networks Also Delivered Voice over Separate
Circuit Infrastructure
• Separated Access for Voice and Data Services
 TDM Significantly Limited the Ability to Integrate
Voice with Other Services
• Result -> Lots of Limitations of Service Capabilities and
Unified Offerings
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Advantages of VoLTE and RCS
 Reduced Cost and Complexity of Network
• Single All IP Network for Voice, Video, and Other Data Services
• IMS Core Network Enables Resource Sharing
 Eliminates the Need for 2 Separate Networks
• Initially Circuit Switched Fallback, But Migrating to all IP
• Reuse of IMS Core Network for Resource Sharing
 Unified Services via VoLTE and RCS
• Common IP Network with IMS Simplifies Unified Services
Innovations, Multiple Applications with Common Media
 Monetizing Enhanced Value Added Services
 Counter or Collaborate With Over the Top Services
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VoLTE:
Essential for LTE success
 Voice is still an essential
component and necessary
to LTE’s success
 VoLTE needed to decrease
dependency on legacy
networks
 Concurrent voice and data
connectivity is a driver to
deploy VoLTE soon
Source: Senza Fili survey, sponsored by Radisys
“Circuit-switched voice is not going to disappear over the next five years. But we do need VoLTE to
gradually reduce our dependency from legacy 3G and 2G networks.” – APAC survey participant
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Problem:
Data Growth Outpacing Revenues
Capacity
Mind The Gap
Revenue vs. Traffic Growth
Traffic
Revenues &
Traffic Gap
Widening
Voice Era
Revenues
Data Era
 Traffic Doubling every 12 months
 Must Increase ARPU
 VideoText
= Operators’ Albatross
 Must Lower Cost per Bit
Source: Cisco VNI
Source: Heavy Reading
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Solution:
The Path to Revenue Growth
 Large Investments in LTE Infrastructure
• Investment Recovery Largely via Broadband Data Plans
 But Revenues Need to Grow Beyond Data Plans
• Supplement via VoLTE, RCS, Other Value Added Services
 VoLTE, RCS, and other VAS
driving need for IMS
 Media Plane Processing in IMS
driving need for MRF
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VoLTE Use Cases Requiring MRF
 Most VoLTE pt-to-pt calls do not need MRF
• If both ends have same codec, then established call path
doesn’t pass through MRF
 But many VoLTE services need MRF
• Basic Network Services
– Playing a network announcement (basic service)
– Collecting digits with announcements (IVR)
– IP-to-IP transcoding (e.g. AMR-WB <-> AMR-NB)
• Revenue-Generating VAS services
– Playing a ringback tone
– Messaging (record and playback)
– Conferencing
– Branded advertising
– And many more….
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MRF in LTE IMS Core Deployments
GPRS Core
2/2.5G
(Getran)
SGSN
Services in
Packet Data Network
HSS
PCRF
BSC
AS
AS
Rx
CSCF
3G
(UTRAN)
ISC
RNC
Mr
MME
Mr’/Cr
MRF
Mb
4G/LTE
eNodeB
Evolved Packet
Core
SGW
IMS
Core
PGW
Internet

Multiple Applications (MMTel AS, RCS AS, Conferencing)

VoLTE/RCS and 3GPP Standards Compliance

Scalable HD Video and Transcoding for Mass
Deployment, Multiple Device Types

MRF Reuse Across Multiple Media Applications
Corporate Intranets
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MRF in 3GPP IMS Architecture
AS
AS
AS
Application Layer
HSS
Control Layer
SCSCF
RACS
PDF
IBCF
Internet
Bearer/
Media
Plane
Access
Layer
2G Wireless
Mr’/Cr
MRF
Mp
CMTS
Cable
Mp MRFC
Mb
IMSGW
Mb
PGW
MRFP
SGW
DSLAM
DSL
PCR
F
LTE
Access
Non-LTE
Access
RNC
3G Wireless
Mr
MGCF/
SGF
GGSN/
BAS/
A-BGF
IBGF
SGSN/
MGW
BSC
SCSCF
Services
Creation
Control
WAG
WLAN
PSTN
eNode
B
4G/LTE
• MRF Provides Media Plane Resource for All IMS Applications
• LTE and Non-LTE Access Networks
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MRF Characteristics in VoLTE
 End to End IP (No CS Domain Voice)
• Increases and exposes network bandwidth variability from end terminals
directly to MRF (i.e., no CS-IP MGW)
 Key Aspects of MRF in LTE and non-LTE Deployments
• IMS-based All-IP voice and video (multiservice MRF)
• Service continuity with legacy 2G/3G handsets (via IMS GWs)
• High availability with low latency and jitter (media quality)
• New services for increased revenues (app-independent MRF reuse)
 MRF: Essential Resource for VoLTE Supplementary Services
• Network voice services (Ann, IVR, RBT)
• Two-way or multi-party (conferencing)
• Voice quality for IP mobile environment
• Media recording / Legal Intercept
• Media transcoding / adaptation
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VoLTE and Video MRF – Challenges
1.
High variability in mobile access network
2.
Packet loss due to fading
3.
Increased delay and echo
4.
Increased number and diversity of codecs
5.
Increasing need for policy-based controls
6.
Increasing density and bandwidth needs
7.
Coexistence of IPv6 and IPv4 in 4G / LTE
8.
Managing QoS and congestion, end-to-end
9.
Voice Quality Enhancements in an All-IP network
10. Reusability across diverse IMS applications
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Trends and Impacts on MRF Design
Mobile Data Bandwidth
Mobile Data Bandwidth
LTE MRF Requirements
 Broadband, but highly variable
 QoS and Policy Enforcement
Bandwidth




Support for 2-way Interactive Services
Support for 1-way Streaming Services
Dynamic Rate Adaptation, Adaptive Bitrates
Policy Enforcement Functions via PCRF
Policy Control
Resource Function
(PCRF)
time
IMS Core
4G IP Handsets (IPv6)
2-way (RTP, RTCP)
AS
LTE Packet
Radio Access Network
Evolved
Packet
Core Network
Multimedia
Content
1-way (HTTP, RTMP, RTSP)
Radisys
Media Server
(LTE IMS MRF)
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Trends and Impacts on MRF Design
Mobile Applications
Mobile Applications
LTE MRF Requirements
 Growing 3rd party applications and cloud
services based on network MRF services,
exposed by Open APIs
 Network-based MRF under
3rd party network or device applications
 Growing interest in MRB
(Media Resource Broker)
3rd Party
Application
Server(s)
Network
MRF
Resources
Device
Applications
3rd Party
Network
Applications
Open Application APIs
Application
Server(s)
Open Application APIs
CSCF
LTE Packet
Radio Access Network
Evolved
Packet
Core Network
Radisys
Media Server
(LTE IMS MRF)
Radisys Corporation Confidential
Network
MRF
Resources
Media Resource Broker
(MRB)
IMS Core
MRF
Resource
Pool
17
MRF for IP-IP Transcoding
3rd Party Call Control (3PCC)
 Benefits:
 Control interface options
 Only calls requiring transcoding get
treatment (not all calls)
• RFC 4117 SIP (transcoding only)
• SIP/MSML (full MS feature control)
 Per-stream control of services media
processing and media conditioning
• H.248
Media
Conditioning
Using 3rd
Party Call
Control (3PCC)
CSCF
Media Conditioning
Media - Circuit Network
AS
Circuit
Access
Network
Service
Provider
IP Network
SIP/MSML
RFC 4117
H.248
Media - Packet Network
SIP
SIP
SS7
Business IP VPN
AMR
(RTP)
AMR
(Circuit)
MGW
G.722
(RTP)
G.722
(RTP)
MRF
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HD G.722 across enterprise
SBC
18
MRF for IP-IP Transcoding
“Inline” solution
 Fits directly in call path
 Benefits:
• No external control required
• Selective media conditioning based on rules and triggers
“Inline” IP-IP
Media Conditioning
Using Back-to-Back
User Agents
(B2BUA)
Circuit
Access
Network
Media Conditioning
Service
Provider
IP Network
Media - Circuit Network
Media - Packet Network
SS7
SIP
SIP
SIP
AMR
(Circuit)
AMR
(RTP)
G.722
(RTP)
G.722
(RTP)
MGW
SBC
Business IP
VPN
HD G.722 across
enterprise
MRF
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Trends and Impacts on MRF Design
LTE Device Evolution
LTE Device Evolution
LTE MRF Requirements
 More Devices, Increasing Capabilities
 Wideband Audio Codecs
 High-end Video
64 kbps
384 kbps – 768 kbps
(Synchronous up/down)




H.264 Video (Baseline to High Profiles)
MPEG-4
AMR-WB
… with dynamic transcoding / transrating
768kbps – 3 Mbps
(Synchronous up/down)
3+ Mbps (HD)
Audio
Narrowband -> Wideband -> Full Band
Video
Small Screens & Low Bitrates
-> HD High Framerates
GSMA IR.92
GSMA IR.94
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IMS Services Core for
Video VAS and Conferencing
Smartphone
Small
Screen
Video
Tablet
Mobile Broadband
4G/LTE, WiFi, HSPA
IP WAN
Mobile
Laptop
IMS Services Core
Wireline Broadband
DSL, Cable
Home
Office
(SMB)
Office
Desktop
HD
Video
Application
Server (AS)
Enterprise
UC
Corporate
IP VPN
Call State Control
Function (CSCF)
Media Resource
Function (MRF)
Corporate
HD Video
Head
Office
Telepresence
HSS/PCRF
Video
Content/
Storage
HD MCU
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RCS Video Use Cases
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MPX-12000 – VoLTE MRF
Video & Voice over LTE
 VoLTE Media Resource Function
• High Definition Voice, including AMR-WB
• VQE – critical media conditioning in noisy
wireless environment
 RTP media processing for RCS services
 Conversational Video
• Video calling – HD video 720p, H.264
• Video conferencing
• Video Transcoding
 Audio/Video VAS
• Conferencing, Ringback, Multimedia mail…
 Open 40G ATCA Platform
"Mavenir has already integrated the Radisys CMS-9000 media server with our mOne Convergence
Platform for one of our LTE operator deployments…. Products like the MPX-12000 – with a design
objective to increase MRF media processing capacities for mobile video services – offers an enticing
MRF product evolution for LTE operators"
– Terry McCabe, CTO, Mavenir Systems
Radisys Corporation Confidential
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LTE Mobile Networks
Trends and Impacts on MRF Design
Trends
LTE MRF Requirements
Network Infrastructure
 IPv4/v6 support
 Centralized and Distributed MRFs
• Flat, Distributed Architecture
• Pure end-to-end IP Network
• High Bandwidth I/O
Mobile Bandwidth
 RTCP-XR
 Dynamic Rate Adaptation, Adaptive Bitrates
 PCRF – Rx interface
 Broadband, but highly variable
 QoS and Policy Enforcement
LTE Device Evolution
 More Devices, Increasing Capabilities
 Wideband Audio Codecs
 High-end Video
 H.264 Video (high resolutions and bitrates)
 H.265, VP8
 AMR-WB, Ultra Wideband
Network Services API’s for Web 2.0
 Trends around 3rd party devices or
applications controlling network
services, exposed by APIs
 Network-based MRF under
3rd party application control
 Growing interest in MRB
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Embedded Wireless Infrastructure Solutions
MSF IOT
(MRF TEST CASES SUMMARY)
October 01 – 12, 2012, Kranj, Slovenia
MSF – VoLTE IOT (Scenario 1)

Supplementary Services via MRF (MMTel and RCS AS)

Basic Media Services (CSCF - MRF)
IMS Core
Ut
MMTel / RCS
Application
Servers
Ut
Mr’
MRF
Sh
I
S
C
Cx
HSS
Cx
Sh
P-CSCF
Mw
Mr
I/S-CSCF
Rx
S6a
DRA
UE
ENUM
S6a
Rx
IMS UA
Gx
PCRF
LTE-Uu
Gx
MME
UE
SecGW
LTE-Uu
IMS UA
S1-MME
S11
S1-U
eNodeB
ENUM
Server
S-GW
S5
P-GW
SGi
Mb (RTP/RTCP)
Figure 1 - Scenario 1 – Home/Single Network IMS/RCS Services
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MRF – Sample Call Flows (Ann and Conferencing)
(Ref: 3GPP TS 23.849)
Visited Network
Home Network
MRF
Home Network
Home/Visited Network
S- CSCF
AS
MRF
1. Sess ion Initi ati on [1]
2. Session Init. (ad-hoc conf) [ 1]
2. Session Initiation [1]
3. Service Logic
3. Service Logic
4. Session Initiation [2]
5. Session Failure
Play Tone
or Ann
S- CSCF
AS
1. Sess ion Initi ation (ad-hoc conf) [1]
6. Session Failure [2]
4. MRB/MRF Service Discovery:
- Provisioning from VPLMN at registration or session
initiation
- Configuration in HPLMN
Multi Party
Conference
Mixer
MRB
7. Service Logic
5a. Establish session via
MRB (new leg 2)
8. MRB /MRF Service Discovery:
- Provisioning from VPLMN at registration or session
initiation
- Configuration in HPLMN
5b. Session Initiation to MRF via S-CSCF , MRF selects
media resources (new leg 2)
MRB
6. Session Init. (UE2) [3]
9a. Invoke MRF via MRB
( new leg )
7. Session Init.
(UE2) [3]
8. Establish path between UE2 and MRF
9. Repeat steps 5-11 for UE3 [4], [5]
10. Session Init. (UE1) [6]
11. Session Initiation ( UE1) [6]
9b. Session Initiation to MRF via S-CSCF , MRF selects
media resources ( new leg)
12. 200OK(UE1) [6]
13. 200 OK ( UE1) [6]
10. Dialogue 1 is handled normally using the information from MRF
11. QoS and resources are reserved
12. Play Tone/
Announcement
14. 200 OK ( UE1) [1]
15. 200 OK(UE1) [1]
16. Establish path between UE1 and MRF
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MRF: Service Identification & Triggering
 CSCF-based Service Identification and Triggering
 SIP methods, URI, Headers for Filter Criteria
Ex:
Multimedia
Conference AS
Ex:
MMTel or
RCS AS
MRF
MRF
Ref: 3GPP TS 23.218 IM Call Model Stage 2 Release 11
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MRF Test Case Additions (Scenario 1)
 Test Cases Based on 3GPP Mr and Mr’ Interfaces
• SIP, SIP+XML, SIP+VoiceXML
 S1b (VoLTE and MMTel)
•
•
•
•
msf2012.117.00
S1b-26 (Audio Announcements)
S1b-27 (Audio Transcoding in Two-Party Call)
S1b-28 (Multiparty Audio Conferencing)
All Test Cases with Automatic Transcoding via MRF
msf2012.118.00
 S1c (RCS – Video Share)
• S1c-52 (In Call Services – Video Share with Transrating)
• S2c-53 (In Call Services – Video Share with Transcoding)
• H.263, H.264, MPEG-4 Codecs with Transrating / Scaling
 S1d (Video Calls/Conferences)
msf2012.119.00
• S1d-28 (Multiparty Multimedia Conference)
• Voice Activated Switching with Multi-device Multi-codec Support
• Interactive Voice and Video Response (IVVR)
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S1b-26 (Audio Announcements)
 Audio (or Video) Announcements
UE
AS
MRF
(1) INVITE (SDP-UE)
(2) INVITE “sip:annc” (SDP-UE)
UE with
Announcement
(3) 100 Trying
Varying
(4) 100 Trying
Audio/Video
(5) 200 OK (SDP-MRF)
Capabilities
(Eg: AMR,
(6) 200 OK (SDP-MRF)
AMR-WB,
(7) ACK
Source
Internal or
External via
HTTP or NFS
Server
(8) ACK
G.711)
Play Multimedia Announcement (RTP)
(9) BYE
(10) BYE
(11) 200
(12) 200
Figure 27 – Multimedia Announcement Message Flow
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S1b-27 (Transcoding in Two-Party Calls)
 Audio (or Video) Transcoding (2-PTY Call)
UE-A
UE-B
AS
MRF
(1) INVITE “sip:transcoding@target=UE-B”
(SDP-A: G.711)
(2) INVITE “sip:conf=123” (SDP-A: G.711)
(3) 200 OK (SDP-MRF: G.711)
(4) 200 OK (SDP-MRF: G.711)
Ex: UE-A
MRF
(5) ACK
(6) ACK
2-PTY
(G.711)
Transcoding
RTP (G.711)
(7) INVITE
(8) 200 OK (SDP-B: AMR)
(9) INVITE “sip:conf=123” (SDP-B: AMR)
(10) 200 OK (SDP-MRF: AMR)
G.711 <-> AMR
Transcoding
(11) ACK (SDP-MRF: AMR)
(12) ACK
Ex: UE-B
(AMR)
RTP (AMR)
Figure 28 – Transcoding in Two-Party Call Message Flow
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S1b-28 (Multiparty Conferencing)
With Transcoding and Media Conditioning
 Audio (or Video) Multiparty Conference Mix
UE-A
UE-B
UE-C
AS
(1) INVITE “sip:public-conf-ID”
MRF
(2) INVITE “sip:conf=123”
MRF
Media
(3) 200 OK
Mixing
(4) 200 OK
UE-A, UE-B,
(5) ACK
(6) ACK
and UE-C
May All Be
RTP (UE-A)
Different
(7) INVITE “sip:public-conf-ID”
Codecs
(10) 200 OK
(8) INVITE “sip:conf=123”
(9) 200 OK
(11) ACK
(12) ACK
(Eg: EVRC,
AMR, AMR-
RTP (UE-B)
Audio Mixing
WB)
RTP (UE-A)
RTP (UE-B)
(13) INVITE “sip:public-conf-ID”
(14) INVITE “sip:conf=123”
(15) 200 OK
(16) 200 OK
(17) ACK
(18) ACK
RTP (UE-C)
RTP (UE-A + UE-B)
RTP (UE-A + UE-C)
RTP (UE-B + UE-C)
Figure 29 – Three-Way Multimedia Conference Message Flow
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S1c-52 (In Call Services)
RCS Video Share with Transrating
 Video Share with Transrating (BW Optimization)
UE-A
UE-B
AS
(1) INVITE “sip:video-share@target=UE-B”
(SDP-A: H.264 1Mpbs, sendonly)
Video Share
MRF
(2) INVITE “sip:conf=123”
(SDP-A: H.264 1Mpbs, sendonly)
(3) 200 OK
(SDP-MRF: H.264 1Mpbs, recvonly)
(4) 200 OK
(SDP-MRF: H.264 1Mpbs, recvonly)
MRF
Video Share
(Send)
with
(5) ACK
UE-A (1 Mbps)
(6) ACK
Transrating
RTP (H.264 1Mbps)
(7) INVITE
(8) 200 OK
(SDP-B: H.264 384kpbs,sendrecv)
(9) INVITE “sip:conf=123”
(SDP-B: H.264 384kbps, recvonly)
(10) 200 OK
(SDP-MRF: H.264 384kpbs, sendonly)
Video Share
(Receive)
1 Mbps -> 384 kbps
Transrating
(11) ACK
(SDP-MRF: H.264 384kpbs, sendonly)
(12) ACK
UE-B (384 Kbps)
RTP (H.264 384kbps)
Figure 21 – In call Services – Video Share with Transrating
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S1c-53 (In Call Services)
RCS Video Share with Transcoding
 Video Share with Transcoding (Multi-device Support)
UE-A
UE-B
AS
(1) INVITE “sip:video-share@target=UE-B”
(SDP-A: H.263, sendonly)
(2) INVITE “sip:conf=123”
(SDP-A: H.263, sendonly)
Video Share
(Send)
UE-A (H.263)
MRF
(3) 200 OK
(SDP-MRF: H.263, recvonly)
(4) 200 OK
(SDP-MRF: H.263, recvonly)
MRF
Video Share
with
(5) ACK
(6) ACK
Eg: Laptop
Transcoding
RTP (H.263)
(7) INVITE
(8) 200 OK
(SDP-B: H.264,sendrecv)
(9) INVITE “sip:conf=123”
(SDP-B: H.264, recvonly)
Video Share
(10) 200 OK
(SDP-MRF: H.264, sendonly)
(Receive)
UE-B (H.264)
H.263 -> H.264
Transcoding
(11) ACK
(SDP-MRF: H.264, sendonly)
(12) ACK
Eg: Tablet
RTP (H.264)
Figure 22 – In call Services – Video Share with Transcoding
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S1d-28 (Video Call)
Three-Way Multimedia Conference
 Multimedia Conference (Voice Activated Switching)
UE-A
UE-B
UE-C
AS
Multiparty
(1) INVITE “sip:public-conf-ID”
(2) INVITE “sip:conf=123”
(3) 200 OK
UE-A, UE-B,
UE-C Join
(4) 200 OK
(5) ACK
(6) ACK
Multimedia
Conference
(Varying
Codecs ,
Frame and
MRF
MRF
Multimedia
Conference
(Voice
RTP (UE-A audio/video)
Activated
(7) INVITE “sip:public-conf-ID”
(8) INVITE “sip:conf=123”
Switching)
(9) 200 OK
(10) 200 OK
(11) ACK
(12) ACK
Bitrates)
Audio Mixing &
Video Switching
RTP (UE-B audio/video)
RTP (audio: UE-A; video: current or previous speaker)
RTP (audio: UE-B; video: current or previous speaker)
(13) INVITE “sip:public-conf-ID”
(14) INVITE “sip:conf=123”
(16) 200 OK
(17) ACK
(15) 200 OK
(18) ACK
RTP (UE-C audio/video)
RTP (audio: UE-A + UE-B; video: current or previous speaker)
RTP (audio: UE-A + UE-C; video: current or previous speaker)
RTP (audio: UE-B + UE-C; video: current and previous speaker)
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Q&A
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