Document No:
GSC(14)18_009
Source:
ARIB
Contact:
Tadaaki YOKOO
Agenda Item:
7.5
CRITICAL COMMUNICATION
TO
OVERCOME DISASTER
- Through the Experience of Great East Japan Earthquake -
Tadaaki YOKOO
Executive Director, ARIB
GSC-18 Meeting, 22-23 July 2014, Sophia Antipolis, France
JAPAN
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TOUCH ORIENTAL CULTURE
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ENJOY TASTEFUL FOOD
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SUFFER NATURAL DISASTER
Typhoon
Earthquake
Eruption
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BEFORE
11 MARCH 2011
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Earthquake ：
Most Severe Disaster
Japan
212
(20.5 %)
World
1,036
Number of earthquakes with magnitude
of 6.0 or greater (2000-2009)
Principal Volcanoes in the World
Source：Prepared by the Japan Meteorological Agency based on data from
the Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History
Source：Cabinet Office on the basis of data from the Japan
Meteorological Agency and USGS
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Earthquake Management
Data Gathering
Analysis Decision
Information to
Citizen
Japan Meteorological
Agency
Broadcaster
(Earthquake Phenomena
Observation System)
Local Government
4200 sites around Japan
Telecomm Operator
Fire Department
Local Government
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EEW
Earthquake Early Warning
Launched by the Japan Meteorological Agency(JMA) on October 1st, 2007
Primary waves (P-waves)
P-waves
amplitude
Secondary Waves (S-waves)
Seismometer
P S
JMA
time
S-waves
seismometer output
4km/s
7km/s
Hypocenter
(focus)
More than 4,200 seismometers installed
This time lag provides valuable seconds for
self-protection and evacuation.
ex) Seismometer at your city is 56km away
P arrives after 8 sec
S arrives after 14 sec
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Early Warning Message
 By Mobile Operators
Messages are transmitted to mobile devices via “Area Mail”
 By Broadcasters
Messages are transmitted to TV sets via “Super Impose”
Area Mail servers
Earthquake
Warning
Japan
Meteorological
Agency
No transmission to
mobile devices where
Earthquake warnings
are not in effect.
Other
Areas
Telecomm
Operator
Transmission to mobile
devices where Earthquake
warnings are in effect.
Earthquake
Warning
Affected
Area
Special ring
tone when
alert received
Warning Message
Earthquake
Early Warnings
Earthquake
Occurred off the
coast of Chiba.
Please pay attention
since strong
shaking may occur.
Earthquake Early Warning
(in Japanese only )
EEW
Detect
Earthquake
(Earthquake Early Warning)
Broadcasting
Station
Transmitter
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EWBS
Emergency Warning Broadcasting System
• EWBS singnals embedded in TV and radio broadcasts waves
automatically swtches on TV and radio sets to inform people about
impending disaster and enable them to prepare for emergencies.
• The EWBS has been in operation in Japan since 1985. The digital
EWBS started in 2000 for satellite TV broadcasting (ISDB-S) and in
2003 for terrestrial TV broadcasting (ISDB-T).
Automatic
Activation
Meteorological
Agency
Broadcasting
Station
Transmitter
Broadcasting Service Area
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ON
11 MARCH 2011
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The Great East Japan Earthquake
Source : http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5a/Shindomap_2011-03-11_Tohoku_earthquake.png
Earthquake
14:46:18 (JST) , 11 March, 2011
MIYAGI
132km
375km
TOKYO
- Magnitude 9.0
- Maximum seismic intensity 7
- The 4th largest in the world
since 1900
 Huge Tsunami
- Over 10m high
- Maximum run-up height of 40.5m
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Attacked by
Earthquake and Tsunami
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We learned :
At attacked area
 No access means (trains, roads, ports)
 No power supply continued
 No facility in use
Radio Tower
Transmission Station
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Mobile Phone Shop
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We learned :
At metropolitan area
 No transportation available
 Get home on foot
 Hard to confirm family safety
Mobile network ： Overload
Fixed Network ： Available public telephones only (very limited)
Station
Road
Public Telephone
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We learned :
The importance of broadcasting during a disaster
1%
1%
7%
radio
TV
19%
One-seg
51%
Internet
newspaper
others
21%
Figure A
Media accessed by people in stricken areas
straight after the Great East Japan
Earthquake.
*NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, The NHK Monthly Report on
Broadcast Research September 2011
0.0%
NHK TV
Commercial broadcasting TV
Internet (Portal sites)
Newspaper
Internet (Government)
Internet (Newspaper)
Internet (Social media)
radio (Commercial broadcasting)
radio (NHK)
Internet (NHK)
Internet (Commercial broadcasting)
Internet (University and reserch institute)
others
10.0%
20.0%
30.0%
40.0%
50.0%
60.0%
70.0%
80.0%
90.0%
80.5%
56.9%
43.2%
36.3%
23.1%
18.6%
18.3%
11.8%
11.4%
10.8%
8.0%
6.4%
3.5%
Figure B Reliable media for information concerning the Great East Japan Earthquake
*Nomura Research Institute, News Release, 3 May 2011
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We learned :
The power of one-seg mobile TV
The ISDB-T one-segment service sends TV
programs to mobile phones, car TVs. This can be
an important safeguard for life and property in
times of emergency even when no electricity is
supplied.
 Policemen saved 40 lives with one-seg mobile TV alarm!
Two new policemen got a tsunami warning alarm from the passengers mobile phone
with TV when checking if everyone is fine in the train. They quickly decided to lead
the 40 passengers to the hill to avoid the disaster of tsunami. All passengers were
safely evacuated from the tsunami area before the tsunami struck the train.
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AFTER
11 MARCH 2011
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Backup Function to
Continue Broadcasting
Communication Satellite
Broadcasting Satellite
1st Key Backup Station
NHK FUKUOKA
Main Transmission Site
in Tokyo
2nd Key Backup Station
NHK TOKYO
NHK OSAKA
B-up HQS
HQS
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Full Preparation for
Disaster Broadcasting
Satellite OB Van
Portable SNG Equipment
Helicopter
Vehicle for Emergency Transmission
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Power Generator at
Transmission Site
Remote Controlled Camera
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Construction of Large-Zone
Mobile Base Stations
 Substitute for regular base stations with outage due to disaster
 7 km radius to cover density populated areas
 Total 104 stations to cover 35% population
outage
Wireless transmission
outage
outage
Wireline
transmission
Mobile Base
Station
Circuit
disruption
Physical
damage
Populated areas
outage
outage
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Emergency Power Supply
Emergency Power Supply has been additionally installed to
secure mobile communication
-Engine to 720 stations
-24-hour Battery to 1,000 stations
24-hour Battery
Engine
Wireless
transmission
Wireless
transmission
Battery
Engine
Prefectural and
municipal
government
offices, etc.
Prefectural and
municipal
government
offices, etc.
Engine
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Battery unit
Battery
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Disaster Voice Messaging
Service
• Disaster Voice Messaging Service (starting March 1, 2012) enables people to
send messages as data files, free of charge, when voice calls become restricted
due to a disaster
I’m safe, taking
shelter at an
elementary school
nearby.
Caller
Calling restrictions
due to network
congestion
(1) Attempted voice call
Voice communication
network
Receiver
Play back
caller’s
voice
message
convergence
(2) Select
voice
message
service
and record
message
Packet communication
network
(3) Send message as data file
Voice
data file
(4) Notification, after message is played
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I’m safe, taking
shelter at an
elementary school
nearby.
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Free Public Telephone
at Convenience store
Temporarily set up a free public telephone at 1200 Seven Eleven convenience stores
in Tokyo metropolitan area when disaster occurs
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Are we fully prepared ?
If same disaster occurs again ・・・
① You are in a office at Tokyo, and want to talk to
your family to see if they are safe with your mobile
phone.
② You are in a rescue team from overseas, and want
to share information with local rescue authorities
with your radio system.
③ You are a traveler to Japan, and want to watch TV
news with your mobile phone.
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Thank You !!
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