Wine and Health
Mickey Parish, Ph.D.
Professor and Chair
Dept of Nutrition and Food Science
College of Agriculture and Natural Resources
"Nothing more excellent
or valuable than wine
was ever granted by the
Gods to man."
Plato
What is in Wine?
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Water
Ethanol – preserve, flavor enhancer
Sugars – sweetener, flavor enhancer
Acids – Organic, inorganic; crisp sour
Tannins – pigmnts, phenols; health; preservation
Volatile compounds – aroma, bouquet
Proteins, vitamins, minerals
85-90%
7-14%
0.1-15%
0.6-1%
0.6-1%
+200
little
Caloric content dependent upon
alcohol and sugar content.
Wine (4 fl oz)
Cabernet franc
Burgundy, red
Calories
96
101
Cabernet Sauvignon
96
Chenin blanc
94
Fume blanc
96
Chardonnay
90
Sauvignon blanc
95
Pinot grigio
97
Merlot
98
Muscat
98
Reisling
95
Sauvignon Blanc
80
Zinfandel
103
http://www.nal.usda.gov/fnic/foodcomp/search/
Polyphenolic Compounds
Antioxidant properties
Total Phenolics
Red wine 900-2500 mg/L
White wine 190-290 mg/L
Resveratrol
Red
White
1.0 mg/L
0.2 mg/L
German and Walzem
THE HEALTH BENEFITS OF WINE
Annu. Rev. Nutr. 2000. 20:561–93
What health effects?
Obvious negative effects from
consumption of alcohol
Alcoholism & Liver disease
Sulfites (ca. 1% of pop.)
Headaches (migraine trigger)
Life Span
Moderate drinkers live on
average two years longer
than heavy drinkers or
non-drinkers.
International Journal of Epidemiology - August 2000 - Seven Countries
Study
2000 – Karolinska Institute
Light drinkers who consumed wine
cut their risk of dying prematurely
by almost one third.
Wine drinkers as a group had
significantly lower mortality from
cardiovascular disease and cancer.
Health Effects
Coronary Heart Disease
Cancer
Osteoporosis
Alzheimer’s – Senility
Other
Coronary Heart Disease
Blood-thinning properties
Reduces oxidation of LDL
Raises HDL
Reduces coronary artery spasms
Increases coronary blood flow
Reduces blood pressure
Reduces stress
Coronary Heart Disease
“One glass per day for women,
and up to two glasses for men
may result in a thirty to fifty
percent decrease in the risk of a
heart attack.”
http://www.red-wine-and-health.com/html/health-risks-of-alcohol-abuse.php3
Cancer
In vitro or Epi Studies on:
Breast cancer
Prostate cancer
Oral cancer
Ovarian cancer
Breast Cancer
• Mayo Clinic epidemiologic study of over
1500 women.
• Tried to correlate breast density with
consumption of fat, vitamins, carbs, and
alcohol.
• Alcohol - only substance to increase breast
density in both pre- and post-menopausal
women.
Vachon, CM et al. Association of Diet and Mammographic Breast Density in the Minnesota
Breast Cancer Family Cohort. Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention. 2000 9:151160.
Breast Cancer
2007 epidemiological study
More than 70,000 multi-ethnic women
Alcohol consumption (no matter the source)
correlated with increased risk
1 – 2 drinks/day = 10% increase in risk
Heavy drinking = 30% increase in risk
Arthur Klatsky. Kaiser Permanente Div. of Research. European Cancer
Conference (ECCO 14) Barcelona, Sept 28, 2007.
Recent Articles from Scientific Lit:
“Consumption of coffee, tea,
fruit juices, or wine was not
associated with risk for breast
cancer.”
Hirvonen et al. 2006. Ann Epidemiol.
Ovarian Cancer
Australian study – 2002
“Women who drink more than
one glass of red wine a day are
almost seven times less likely
to develop ovarian cancer than
non-drinkers.”
Osteoporosis
November 2000 - American Journal of Clinical Nutrition –
Creighton University
Study of 500 elderly women
Bone mineral density – 12 to 16%
higher among moderate drinkers
than non-drinkers
Alzheimer’s
SCIENTIFICAMERICAN.COM – Nov 7, 2005
Journal of Biological Chemistry
In vitro study on Alzheimer cell line
40 umol resveratrol – reduced levels
of amyloid beta peptides by half
Periodontitis
Red wine polyphenols have
potent antioxidant properties
which reduce oxidative stress
mediated by periodontogenic
bacteria.
V. HOUDE, D. GRENIER, and F. CHANDAD, Université Laval, Quebec, Canada.
Presented at 2006 Am. Assn Dental Res. Annual meeting.
Diabetes – Type 2
Moderate, daily alcohol
consumption improved insulin
and triglyceride concentrations.
D. Baer. USDA-BARC. JAMA 2002.
Bottom Line
Wine consumption has definite
risks and benefits.
Most healthy people who drink wine regularly
and moderately live longer.
Moderation is the key.
Correlation b/n alcohol and increased breast
cancer risk may be an issue.