CHAPTER 30
Glaucoma
Deven Tuli and Carl B. Camras
Questions
1.
The estimated world population that is bilaterally blind from primary open angle glaucoma is:
a. 2-3 million
b. 3-4 million
c. 4-5 million
d. 5-6 million
e. 6-7 million
2.
The most important risk factor for developing primary open angle glaucoma is:
a. increasing age
b. thin central corneal thickness
c. African-American race
d. excessive intraocular pressure
e. large cup to disc ratio
3.
Mechanisms that might contribute to optic nerve damage in glaucoma include:
a. apoptosis
b. glutamate-induced excitotoxicity
c. nitric oxide synthase
d. free radicals
e. all of the above
4.
Mutations in which of the following genes have been shown to be associated with the pathogenesis of
glaucoma?
a. GLC1A
b. myocilin
c. optineurin
d. GLC1G
e. all of the above
5.
Which of the following testing strategies is NOT considered standard practice in the evaluation of
patients with primary open angle glaucoma?
a. tonometry
b. gonioscopy
c. visual field testing
d. optical coherence tomography
e. all of the above
6.
All of the following are characteristic changes that might be observed in the optic nerve head in primary
open angle glaucoma except:
a. increased cup to disc ratio
b. notching of the neural rim
c. disc hemorrhage
d. new vessels within the disc
e. all of the above
30. Glaucoma
Deven Tuli and Carl B. Camras
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7.
Ancillary techniques that might be used to evaluate patients with glaucoma include:
a. nerve fiber layer analyzer
b. confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy
c. ultrasound biomicroscopy
d. optical coherence tomography
e. all of the above
8.
According to recent estimates, which of the following individuals is at highest risk of developing
glaucoma?
a. African-American male, age 80 years
b. Hispanic female, age 60 years
c. Caucasian male, age 80 years
d. African-American female, age 70 years
e. Caucasian female, age 80 years
9.
As per the mechanical theory of glaucoma pathogenesis, deprivation of which of the following factors
may accelerate retinal ganglion cell loss?
a. heat-shock protein
b. calcium
c. neurotrophins
d. dopamine
e. glutamate
10. All of the following conditions may mimic glaucomatous visual field loss except:
a. branch retinal artery occlusion
b. retinitis pigmentosa
c. cerebrovascular accident
d. chorioretinal scar
e. none of the above
11. Briefly discuss the risk factors for primary open angle glaucoma.
12. Enumerate the important mechanisms involved in pathogenesis of glaucomatous optic neuropathy.
13. Discuss the immune mechanisms contributing to retinal ganglion cell damage in glaucoma.
14. Outline the recent advances in the genetic basis for glaucomatous optic neuropathy.
15. List the important conditions that may mimic glaucomatous optic nerve head and/or visual field changes.
16. Describe the role of animal models in our understanding of glaucoma.
17. Briefly discuss the prevalence of primary open angle glaucoma in the United States.
18. Outline the importance of central corneal thickness in glaucoma practice.
19. Discuss the importance of apoptosis and secondary degeneration in retinal ganglion cell loss associated
with glaucoma.
20. Enumerate the tests to be done for a 60 year African-American male who is found to have intraocular
pressures of 25 mmHg in both eyes on routine eye exam.
30. Glaucoma
Deven Tuli and Carl B. Camras
Answers to Multiple Choice Questions
1. e
2. d
3. e
4. e
5. d
6. d
7. e
8. a
9. c
10. e
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