The Development and Use of a
Marine Socio-Economic Data
Framework for the Atlantic
Area
Dr Naomi S Foley
SEMRU, NUI Galway, Ireland
Inves&ng in our common future Outline •  European policy context –  Need for socio-­‐economic data –  Ocean Economy Reports –  European Data Collec:on •  Data collec:on framework for the Atlan:c •  Outputs –  Using the data –  Prac:cal ini:a:ves –  Data sharing European Policy —  Availability and easy access natural and human ac:vity data on the oceans and coastal regions of Europe is the basis for strategic decision making on coastal and mari:me policy and development —  Marine and coastal policy increasingly recognising the need for socio-­‐economic data Atlantic Strategy (Sea
Basin Strategies)
Blue Growth
IMP
Socio-Economic
Data
Maritime Spatial
Planning
MSFD
Marine Knowledge
2020
CFP
Integrated Mari,me Policy (IMP) –  More coherent approach to mari:me issues, with increased coordina:on between different policy areas –  Ac:on 6.5 (Ac:on Plan): proposed the development of a database on economic and social data for mari:me regions and coastal regions •
Blue Growth: –  Iden:fy and tackle challenges (economic, environmental and social) affec:ng all sectors of the mari:me economy •
Sea Basin Strategies (Ac:on Plan for a Mari:me Strategy in the Atlan:c): –  Priority 4: ‘…developing appropriate and usable marine socio-­‐economic indicators to measure, compare and follow trends in the development of the blue economy’ –  Priority 1 (b): ‘…tools that improve fisheries managers’ understanding of socio-­‐economic … impacts of management measures’ •
Marine Knowledge 2020: –  Unlock and assemble data from different sources and facilitate its use –  EMODnet (European Marine Observa:on and Data network) •
Mari:me Spa:al Planning and Integrated Coastal Management: –  Ar:cle 10: Need for environmental, social and economic data to be collected as a necessity for MSP and ICM —  Common Fisheries Policy (CFP) —  Increasing recogni:on of the importance of socio-­‐economic data related to coastal communi:es and fishing ac:vi:es to inform policy —  Most recent reform (Jan 2014) obliges member states to collect socio-­‐economic data (Ar:cle 37) —  Marine Strategy Framework Direc,ve (MSFD) —  Ini:al assessments required member states to carry out ‘an economic and social analysis of waters and the cost of degrada:on of the marine environment’ (Art 8.1) —  Environmental targets outlining GES including considera:on of social and economic concerns —  Iden:fica:on and analysis of measures to be taken to achieve or maintain GES…assessing the social and economic impacts (Art 13.3) Marine Socio-­‐Economic Data —
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However! The availability of consistent, comparable and accessible marine socio-­‐economic data is limited Need for comparable and comprehensive set of socio-­‐economic data across countries (focus Atlan:c Area) Na,onal reports —
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Ireland (OER), UK, France, Spain Not necessarily comparable – differences in methodology, :mescales, defini:ons, sectors —  EMODnet —  Provides data access to marine data across discipline based themes —
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Scien:fic data (Bathymetry, geology, seabed habitats, chemistry, biology, physics) Anthropogenic data (human ac:vi:es) No single source for socio-­‐economic data —  Eurostat —  Demographic and tourism stats (number of nights spent) for mari:me regions —  No industry related data —  Ac:on group ‘improving sectoral (ocean and coastal) socio-­‐economic data at regional and EU level’ —
Architecture of a database for mari:me ac:vi:es in Europe (template for Marnet framework) Marnet Framework of Indicators —  Develop a set of comprehensive, comparable and re-­‐
producible socio-­‐economic data on mari:me ac:vi:es in the Atlan:c Area —  For benchmarking —  To analyse mari:me economic development —  For research —  Common framework —  Sector —  Space —  Time Framework Iden:fy industries that are part of the marine economy (NACE) Define geographical coverage (NUTS) Establish an agreed year for the data (Base year) Iden:fica:on of publically available economic data on marine ac:vi:es (NSI & Eurostat) Record levels of turnover, employment, value-­‐added, exports, proxies for each industry Geographical Comparability —  Use of EU classifica:on territorial units: NUTS (Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Sta:s:cs) —  Eurostat —  Division of economic territories of the EU for the purpose of collec:on and development of EU regional sta:s:cs —  NUTS 0 —  Highest geographical level —
Ireland —  NUTS 2 —  Basic regions for regional policy —
BMW, SE —  NUTS 3 —  Small regions —
Regional authori:es: Border, West, Mid-­‐East, Dublin, South East, South West, Mid West (Midlands excluded) —  LAU 1 —  Coastal coun:es —  LAU 2 —  Electoral divisions (coastal) Industrial Comparability —  Use of EU sta:s:cal classifica:on of ac:vi:es: NACE —  European standard classifica:on system —  Allows for collec:ng comparable data across sectors —  4 digit level – more detailed classes by industry —  Marine economic sectors —  52 NACE codes – fully or par:ally marine related —  15 sectors Timeframe Data Sources —  Base year 2010 —  Most recent year for available NSI data —  Public Sources (preferred) —  Na:onal Sta:s:cs Ins:tutes (CSO; business data) —  Eurostat —  State Agencies (BIM, MI, Failte Ireland … ) —  2005 – 2012 —  Revision in NACE codes 2008 —  Data 2008 – as recent as possible —  Private Sources —  Industry associa:ons —  Businesses Indicators Business Indicators •  Turnover, employment, value added, exports, enterprises •  Geographical coverage: NUTS 0 •  Confiden:ality issues Physical Indicators (Proxies) •  Fish landings, produc:on tonnage, number of hotel nights, port traffic, vessel capacity ... •  Geographical coverage varies: NUTS 0, 2, 3 and LAU 1 •  Useful for characterising the development of an ac:vity Popula,on and Social Data •  Popula:on: •  Popula:on, popula:on density, age structure •  Social •  Immigra:on, occupa:ons, unemployment, re:red popula:on, poverty •  Geographical coverage: NUTS 0, 1, 2, 3 & LAU 1, 2 •  Year dependent on most recent census Limita:ons and Difficul:es —  Mari:me Ac:vi:es vs Na:onal Accounts —  Few mari:me specific ac:vi:es in na:onal accounts (NACE) —
Most are part of larger, non mari:me sectors e.g. tourism —  Need for complementary data —  Physical indicators —  Confiden:ality is inevitable —  For economic sectors with few businesses —  For certain ac:vi:es —  Aggregate NACE codes to overcome confiden:ality issues Output: Applying the Framework —  Comparable data collected and collated across the five member states —  Database compiled of —  Quan:ta:ve informa:on on marine economics and social ac:vi:es for regions across the Atlan:c Area —  Marine economic and social performance indicators for each region —  Prac:cal Ini:a:ves —  Using the database to analyse marine sectors —  Increase awareness of the availability and u:lity of the database —  Iden:fy further data requirements to improve the database —  Data sharing —  Atlas of marine socio-­‐economic indicators —  Marnet network Fully Marine Employment 2010 Employment 2010 (NPE) Shipping & Mari,me Transport Marine Based Sea Fisheries Seafood Tourism and Processing Aquaculture Oil & Gas Explora,on and Produc,on Marine Manufacturing Inland Water Transport France 21,381 140,280 19,426 15,428 c 22,557 2,870 Ireland 4,633 12,083 6,524 3,064 861 237 n/a Portugal 3,817 48,255 12,135 13,342 130 3,793 853 Spain 36,715 836,125 873,728 41,774 c 24,122 1,056 UK c 127,760 13,172 18,000 38,000 c c GVA as % GDP 2010 France GDP 2010 (Source: Eurostat) € 1,936,719,700,000 % Shipping & Mari,me Transport 0.15% % Marine Based Tourism 1.63% % Sea Fisheries and Aquaculture 0.07% % Seafood Processing 0.04% % Oil and Gas % Marine Manufacturing % Inland Water Transport 0.08% 0.01% Ireland Portugal Spain UK 158,096,700,000 172,859,500,000 1,045,620,000,000 1,731,809,000,000 0.27% 0.02% 0.25% 0.28% 1.72% 0.38% 4.87% 0.15% 0.14% 0.15% 0.09% 0.03% 0.06% 0.12% 0.04% 0.04% 0.06% 1.72% 0.01% 0.05% 0.13% 0.12% 0.01% 0.01% 0.004% GVA: Sectors turnover(output) minus intermediate consump:on (inputs into the produc:on process) Prac:cal Ini:a:ves —  Aquaculture —  Commission report (2013): Strategic Guidelines for the Sustainable Development of EU Aquaculture •  Portugal: ~36 months •  Ireland: up to 7 years (IFA, 2014) •  Assessing the Impact of Aquaculture Regula,ons on Investment Decisions: Portugal and Ireland Prac:cal Ini:a:ves —  Fisheries: An Economic Analysis of Changes in the Irish Fleet Structure —  Effect of the economic recession on vessel size in Ireland? —  Number of <12m vessels increasing, decrease in >12m —  Decrease in turnover (2007-­‐2010) —  Increase in GVA (2007-­‐2010) —
Increase in Employment (2007-­‐2010) —  Country Comparisons: Comparison of Marine Economies —  Use data collected in Marnet to compare marine sectors across countries —  Case study 1: Ireland and Scotland —
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Similar geographical scale and popula:on Popula:on and social data for country descrip:ves Marnet industry database to compare across sectors (fishing, aquaculture, shipping, marine renewable energy, SACs) Review marine policies – drivers for differences / similari:es Prac:cal Ini:a:ves: Data Sharing Data Sharing —  Sharing is caring! —  Online Atlas of Marine Socio-­‐Economic Indicators —
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Data for NUTS 0 and 2 presented 2008 – 2012 Scaled data 14 sectors, 52 NACE codes htp://marnet.loca:oncentre.co.uk/ —  Marnet network —  Aggregate data available —  Summary sheets of all data collected for each country —  Data can be requested through the network (business data, proxies, popula:on and social) —  htp://marnetproject.eu/ Conclusions / The Way Forward —  Framework developed for the collec:on of marine socio-­‐
economic data in the Atlan:c Area —  Contributes in par:cular to the Ac:on Plan for a Mari:me Strategy in the Atlan:c Area —  Can provide template for other European states to follow —
Facilitate a European marine economy informa:on system Thank you! htp://marnetproject.eu/ htp://marnet.loca:oncentre.co.uk/