TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER
TITTLE
CHAPTER 1:
PAGE
DECLARATION
ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
vi
ABSTRACT
vii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
x
LIST OF TABLES
xv
LIST OF FIGURES
xvi
LIST OF APPENDICES
xx
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
1.0
Introduction
1
1.1
Statement of Problem
3
1.2
Aim and Objectives of the Study
4
1.3
Research Question
4
1.4
Research Design
5
1.5
Study Area
8
1.6
Scope of Study
10
1.7
Summary and Anticipated Findings
11
1.8
Descriptive Case Study as Research Method
11
1.8.1 Case Studies as a Research Method
12
1.8.2 Multiple Case Study Research Design
12
1.8.3 Data Collection
12
CHAPTER 2:
LITERATURE REVIEW - Understanding the Concept and
Role of Traditional M arket in an Urban Context
2.0
Introduction
15
2.1
What is Traditional Market
15
2.2
The Environment of Traditional Market
16
2.2.1 Traditional Market as a Unique Social Space
17
2.3
Human Activities and Identity of Place
18
2.4
Urban Image
19
2.5
Urban Culture
20
2.6
Environment Behavior Studies
21
2.7
Types of Market
22
2.7.1 Traditional Market (Original Type)
22
2.7.2 Early Modern
24
2.7.3 Contemporary
26
2.7.4 Western Influence
27
2.7.5 Modern Contemporary
27
2.8
Market in the Context of Urban Cultural Landscape
28
2.9
Traditional Market in the Context of Malay
29
Traditional Town
2.9.1 Malay Traditional Town
30
2.9.2 Elements of Malay Traditional Town
30
2.9.3 Traditional Market in Malay Traditional Town
33
Context
2.9.4 Image of Traditional Markets in Malay
34
Traditional Town
2.10
CHAPTER 3
Summary
35
INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY AREA
3.0
Introducti on
37
3.1
PART I: Alor Setar - The Historical Background
37
3.1.1 The Early Period (1750-1880s) -
38
3.2
Pekan Rabu: The Morphology
40
3.2.1 The Early Trading Development in Alor Setar
40
3.2.2 The Earlier Phase of Pekan Rabu: Tanjung
43
Chali Market
3.3
3.2.3 The Point of Change
45
3.2.4 Pekan Rabu Traditional Market
46
PART II: Kuala Terengganu - The Historical
48
Background
3.4.1 The Early Period (1724 - 1895)
49
3.4.2 The Early Trading Development in Kuala
51
Terengganu
3.4.3 Kedai Payang Traditional Market
55
3.4
The Sustainability of Traditional Market
56
3.5
Summary
56
CHAPTER 4
EXISTING CONDITION, SUMMARY OF
INVENTORY AND PUBLIC PERCEPTION ON
TRADITIONAL MARKET IN PEKAN RABU
AND KEDAI PAYANG MARKET.
4.0
4.1
Introduction
59
Inventory of Traditional Market of Pekan Rabu and
Kedai Payang
4.1.1 Present Day Character of Pekan Rabu
59
a) The Spatial Features of Pekan Rabu
60
b)
Trading Activities in Pekan Rabu
61
c)
Pekan Rabu in Alor Setar Urban Context
62
4.1.2 Present Day Character of Kedai Payang
64
Market
a) The Spatial Features of Kedai Payang Market
64
b) Trading Activities in Kedai Payang Market
65
c) Kedai Payang Market and Malay Economic
67
Activities in Kuala Terengganu Town Center
4.2
Summary of Inventory on Both Traditional Market
4.2.1 The Morphology of Traditional Market in the
69
69
Urban Context
4.2.2 The Space Setting and Activities in Traditional
70
Market and Their Attributes
4.3
Public Perception on Traditional Market in Pekan
72
Rabu and Kedai Payang Market
4.4
4.3.1 Polling and Interview
69
4.3.2 Public Perception on Traditional Market Image
69
a)
The Ambience of Non-Physical Features
75
b)
The Physical Features: Landmark
76
Public Opinions on the Role of Traditional Market
77
in Pekan Rabu and Kedai Payang
4.3.1 Traditional Market in Enhancing Urban Public
77
Life
4.3.2 Traditional Market as an Attraction to the
78
Town
CHAPTER 5
4.3.3 Traditional Market Activities and Tourism
78
4.3.4 Traditional Market Activities and Urban Image
79
THE ESTABLISHMENT OF ROLE AND
CHARACTER OF TRADITIONAL MARKET
IN AN URBAN CONTEXT
5.0
Introducti on
81
5.1
The Function and Meaning of Traditional Market
81
5.2
5.1.1 Traditional Market as an Identity of a Place
82
5.1.2 Traditional Market as an Image of a Place
82
5.1.3 Traditional Market as a Unique Social Space
82
Traditional Market Character and Identity
83
CHAPTER 6
CONCLUSION
6.0
Introduction
85
6.1
Summary of Findings
85
6.2
Recommendations
88
6.3
Conclusion
89
REFERENCES
Appendices
90
A - C1
96-122
LIST OF TABLES
TABLE NO.
TITTLE
PAGE
1.0
Methods for Survey and Identification of the Physical
Evidence of the Traditional Market
14
2.0
Three Major Component in Maintaining the Spirit of a
Place
26
4.0
Physical and Non-Physical Noticeable Features in
Pekan Rabu and Kedai Payang Traditional Market
70
LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURE NO.
TITTLE
PAGE
1.0
Overall Research Method Flow Chart
7
1.1
Research area at Alor Setar town center, where the
focus area is at old part of the town
8
1.2
Research area at Kuala Terengganu town center, where
the focus area is at old part of the town
9
2.0
Women domination, a unique scene of trading
environment which relate to Kelantanese culture and
tradition
18
2.1
Environment Behavior - Research
22
2.2
Small, labor-intensive trade units using rivers as the
main transportation system in earlier days
23
2.3
Typical example of Traditional Shophouse
24
2.4
The old shop houses have a variety of facades of
different styles which form a colorful edge to the town
character
25
2.5
Modern contemporary types of mall
28
2.6
The typology of Malay Traditional Town and its
relationship among the elements
31
2.7
Estuary Town or Bandar Kuala in Malay Peninsula
during 19th century
32
2.8
Aspects that influence the historical significant of an
Early Malay Town
32
2.9
General model of an early port city
33
2.10
Wayside market in Kelantan, 1920s
34
A Chinese market, 1920s
34
Main characteristics features of a Malay Traditional
Town in Alor Setar Kedah
39
Other trading area which expand around traditional
market in early trading development of Alor Setar
41
View towards Alor Setar busy port with boats and
barges circa 1950 with the background of Masjid
Zahir. It shows Sungai Kedah as an important
infrastructure for commercial activities
42
The environment of Pekan Melayu in 19.5. Lanca was
the main transportation especially for the wealthy.
Rows of shop houses are still firm to date
42
A ship berthed in Alor Setar harbor in 1930s brought
goods from Penang, Thailand and Burma. Such ships
also took passengers, who were mostly businessman.
The yellow circle showed the Tanjung Chali traditional
market
44
‘Long Boat Race Festival’, a yearly event held to
celebrate the Sultan Kedah’s birthday. The yellow
circle showed the Tanjung Chali traditional market
44
The environment of traditional market in Tanjung
Chali in 1930s before moving to the new location at
Jalan Tunku Ibrahim
44
Traditional market’s change of location from jalan
Pengkalan Kapal-Jalan Pekan Cina to Jalan Tunku
Ibrahim
46
A group photos of the Malay entrepreneurs of Tanjung
Chali , Pengkalan Kapal in 1930s with the background
of traditional shop houses
47
Former site of Tanjung Chali traditional market. Now
is a custom office.
47
The early appearance of Pekan Rabu at Jalan Tunku
Ibrahim in 1932 comprised of three market buildings
in warehouse design with cement floor, attap roof and
wooden pillar
47
View of the condition inside Pekan Rabu and its earlier
days at Jalan Tunku Ibrahim. Sold items were arranged
on platforms with narrow passages.
47
3.12
Perimoula (Kuala Terengganu) as one of ancient
international trades port in early civilization as
recorded by Ptolemy (an ancient Greek philosopher
and sea)
49
3.13
Main characteristics features which formed a Malay
town in Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu
50
3.14
Morphology map of Kuala Terengganu in 1882 where
the development of the town focused of Terengganu
riverbank and surrounded by Malay village settlement
52
3.15
The early appearance of Kedai Payang traditional
market (up-left). Kedai Payang in 1970s (right)
54
3.16
Kampung Cina trading area
56
3.17
A crowd of townsfolk posed under the archway made
for the Silver Jubilee celebration in Kuala
Terengganu’s Kampung Cina in 1935
56
4.0
Major changes of physical appearance of Pekan Rabu
(up-left; early 1930s, left; 1970s, down-left; current
image)
59
4.1
Spatial arrangement inside traditional market of Pekan
Rabu in early 1930s
60
4.2
Current environment inside Pekan Rabu traditional
market where the style of trades still remain
60
4.3
Fabric textiles and international commence dominate
the trades inside Pekan Rabu (left) and small space
portion for traditional food (right)
61
4.4
Pekan Rabu market and other commercial activities of
Alor Setar
62
4.5
Kedai Payang traditional market is the lifeline of
Kuala Terengganu. Located by the Terengganu River,
is Kuala Terengganu most popular tourist spots and
close to Shahbandar jetty; making it ideal for a short
stop en route to the islands off the coast.
63
4.6
Interior and exterior view of Kedai Payang traditional
market
65
4.7
Cottage traditional industries in Kuala Terengganu
town.
67
4.8
Summary on morphology of traditional market
68
4.9
Inventory on space characteristic setting inside
traditional market
69
4.10
Inventory on space characteristic setting inside
traditional market
70
4.11
Classification in determining the noticeable features
74
4.12
Opinions on traditional market activities in Pekan
Rabu and Kedai Payang in enhancing urban public life
77
4.13
Opinions on traditional market activities in Pekan
Rabu and Kedai Payang as an attractive feature of the
town
78
4.14
Opinions on traditional market activities in Pekan
Rabu and Kedai Payang increase visitors attraction
79
4.15
Opinions on traditional market activities in Pekan
Rabu and Kedai Payang contribute to the image of the
Malay Traditional Town of Alor Setar and Kuala
Terengganu.
80
LIST OF APPENDICES
APPENDICES
TITTLE
PAGE
A
Questionnaire Sheets 1 (English Version)
94
A1
Questionnaire Sheets 1 (Malay Version)
98
B
Questionnaire Sheets 2 (English Version)
102
B1
Questionnaire Sheets 2 (Malay Version)
106
C
Questionnaire Sheets 3 (English Version)
110
C1
Questionnaire Sheets 3 (Malay Version)
116
“The way, in which the city o f Medina was planned, with the Prophet’s Mosque as its
center, become a modelfo r the subsequent Muslim settlements in other places. The
planning o f the city o f Medina was followed, not only in its physical layout, but also
in the organic process o f buildings. Not long after the mosque was built, the Prophet
established the market (al-Manaqqah). The mosque and the market were linked to
each other to form the most important urban element. ”
(Syed Ahmad Iskandar Syed Ariffin, 2005)
“You need a market o f this world. This (the Prophet’s Mosque) is the market o f the
next world”
(„Ata’ Ibn Yasar)