WELCOME
University of Baghdad
College of Nursing
Department of Basic Medical Sciences
Overview of
Anatomy and Physioloy –II
Second Year Students
Asaad Ismail Ahmad , Ph.D.
Electrolyte and Mineral Physiology
asaad50.2011@gmail.com
2012 - 2013
ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY - II
Brief Contents
1- Cardiovascular System
2- Blood
3- Lymphatic System
4- Urinary System
5- Male Reproductive System
6- Female Reproductive System
7- Sensory Function
Asaad Ismail Ahmad, Ph.D in Electrolyte and Mineral Physiology
College of Nursing – University of Baghdad / 2012 – 2013
asaad50.2011@gmail.com
Text book
Martini FH. Fundamentals of Anatomy and
Physiology, 5th ed. Prentice Hall, New Jersey,
2001.
References:
1.Barrett KE, Barman SM, Boitano S, Brooks HL. Ganong's Review of Medical
Physiology, 23rd ed. McGraw Hill, Boston, 2010.
2.Drake RL, Vogl W, Mitchell AWM. Gray's Anatomy for Students. Elsevier,
Philadelphia, 2005.
3.Goldberger ,E. 1975.A Primer of Water Electrolyte and Acid-Base
Syndromes. 5th ed., Lea and Febiger ,Philadelphia.
4. Martini, FH and Welch K. Applications Manual Fundamentals of Anatomy
and Physiology,4th ed., Prentice Hall, NewJersey, 1998.
5.Maxwell, MH and Kleeman CR. 1980.Clinical Disorders of Fluid and
Electrolyte Metabolism. McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York.
6.McKinley M, and O'Loughlin VD. Human Anatomy, McGraw Hill, Boston,
2006.
7.Nutrition Foundation.1984.Present Knowledge in Nutrition. 5th ed.,
Nutrition Foundation, Inc , Washington, D.C.
8.Vander A, Sherman J, Luciano D., Human Physiology, 7th ed., McGraw Hill,
Boston, 1998.
TWELVETH LECTURE
Anatomy of Female Reproductive System
1- Ovaries ( gonads )
2- Reproductive tract
3- Accessory glands
4- External genitalia
Asaad Ismail Ahmad, Ph.D in Electrolyte and Mineral Physiology
College of Nursing – University of Baghdad / 2012 – 2013
asaad50.2011@gmail.com
FEMALE
REPRODUCTIVE
ORGANS
1- Ovaries ( gonads )
organ produce gametes
and hormones
Structures of ovaries
1- Epithelial tissue: outside the ovary called
visceral peritonium
2- Tunica albuginea: (dense connective tissue)
3- Cortex: outer layer of ovary
4- Medulla: inner layer of ovary
5- Ovarian follicles: small secretory sac or gland
6- Corpus luteum: progestins secretory mass
of follicle cells that developed in the ovary
after ovulation
TYPES OF CELLS AND HORMONES
IN OVARIAN FOLLICLE
1- Follicle cell
2- Zona pellucida
3- Thecal cells produce
Androgen
Estrogen s
4- Granulosa cells produce Inhibin and
enzyme called Aromatase
5- Cells of corpus luteum produce
Progesteron and estrogen
STAGES OF FOLLICULAR GROWTH IN OVARY AND
FORMATION OF CORPUS LUTEUM
OOGENESIS
p.1037
2- Female Reproductive tract
a- Uterine tube
b- Uterus
c- Vagina
a- Uterine tube
UTERINE TUBES (FALLOPIAN TUBE, or OVIDUCT)
Muscular tubes, 13 cm long each, divided into
1- Fimbriae
2- Infundibulum
3- Ampulla
4- Isthmus
Characteristic structure:
Ciliated epithelium lining uterine tubes which involve with
smooth muscle layers in oocyte transport
Fertilization occur near the boundary between ampulla and
isthmus of the uterine tube. Fertilization occur 12-24 hours
after ovulation. Unfertilized oocytes degenerate in the
terminal portion of uterine tubes or within uterus
UTERINE TUBES
HISTOLOGY OF UTERINE TUBE p.1040
HISTOLOGY OF UTERINE TUBE p.1040
b- UTERUS
STRUCTURES OF UTERUS
1- Fundus
2- Body
3- Cervix which compose from
a- internal os (internal orifice )
b- cervical canal
c- cervical os (external orifice )
UTERUS
AND
VAGINA
UTERUS AND
VAGINA
LIGAMENTS STABILIZE THE POSITION OF
UTERUS IN PELVIC CAVITY
12345-
Uterosacral ligament
Sensory ligament of ovary
Broad ligament
Ovarian ligament
Round ligament
LIGAMENTS THAT STABILIZE THE POSITION
OF UTERUS IN PELVIC CAVITY p.1041
STRUCTURES OF UTERINE WALL
1- Endometrium (mucosa) about 10% of the wall
2- Myometrium (thick muscular layer) about 90%
of the wall
3- Perimetrium (serosa) very thin layer
SMOOTH MUSCLE IN MYOMETRIUM
1- Longitudinal
2- circular
3- oblique
STRUCTURES OF UTERINE WALL
HISTOLOGICAL STRUCTURES OF
ENDOMETRIUM
123456-
Simple columenar epithelium
Endometrial glands
Functional zone
Basilar zone
Straight artery
Spiral artery
HISTOLOGICAL
STRUCTURES
OF
ENDOMETRIUM
p.1043
BLOOD CIRCULATION SUPPLING THE
ENDOMETRIUM
12345-
Uterine artery
Arcuate artery
Radial artery
Straight artery
Spiral artery
CIRCULATORY SUPPLY OF ENDOMETRIUM p.1043
C- VAGINA
HISTOLOGICAL STRUCTURES OF VAGINA
1234-
Stratified Squamous Epithelium
Blood Vessels
Lamina Propria
Smooth Muscle Fibers
HISTOLOGICAL
STRUCTURES
OF VAGINA
p.1045
VAGINA
3- ACCESSORY GLANDS
a- Lesser vestibular glands
b- Greater vestibular glands
C- Paraurethral glands
EXTERNAL GENITALIA
1- Clitoris
2- Labium minus
3- Labium majus
4- Greater vestibular glands
5- Lesser vestibular glands
6- Hymen ( membranous fold
partly or comletly closing the
vaginal orifice
PERINEUM IN FEMALE
USING
SPECULUM
DURING
EXAMINATION
OF VAGINA
AND CERVIX
CERVICAL CANCER
THROUGH
A SPECULUM
INSERTED INTO
VAGINA
BLADDER PROLAPSE
5- MAMMARY GLANDS
STRUCTURES OF MAMMARY GLANDS
12345-
Nipple
Areola
Lactiferous sinus about 15- 20 sinuses
Lactiferous duct
Lobes of mammary gland, each contain
several lobules
6- Suspensory ligaments
7- Pectoral fat pad
STRUCTURES OF MAMMARY GLANDS
STRUCTURES OF MAMMARY GLAND
SECRETORY LOBULE IN THE MAMMARY GLAND
MILK SECRETING CELLS AND ALVEOLUS (apocrine gland)
THANK YOU