A Research on Evaluating the Competition Power of Creative Industries in
Heilongjiang Province
Hai-chao Li 1, Shi-jie Fan 1
1
Department of Economics and management , Harbin Engineering University, Harbin
(fanshijie7157@163.com)
Abstract— Basing on the view of 5C evaluation index
and the baud competition theory, this article establishes the
creative industrial evaluation index system, evaluates the
competition power of creative industries in Heilongjiang
province through fuzzy comprehensive evaluation. The
analysis result indicates that intelligence resources and social
environment should be regarded as the fundamental basis,
and forming accumulative industry effect, expanding the
development investment on scientific research, exploring
new consumer demands and integrating with the economy
development can enhance the competition power of creative
industries.
Keywords—Heilongjiang province，creative industries，
competition power，evaluation
Ⅰ INTRODUCTION
Heilongjiang province is a part of the old industrial
based with rich technology and education resources,
profound culture as well as geographical advantages.
However, for a long time, the development is too
dependent on the energy along with the problems of low
additional Value of Industrial products and irrational
Economic structure. On one hand, it urgently demands to
promote the development, popularization and application
of the new product, technology and equipment through
independent innovation in order to poses some
independent intellectual property, famous brand and
superior enterprises of international competitiveness [1];
On the other hand, a lot of methods must be taken to
develop industries with high value-added industry which
accelerate the transformation of economic growth mode.
After ten years’ development, the creativity
industries economy is engulfing the entire world by the
vigorous potential. It can not only improve additional
value of original products by fusion and penetration of the
industry through cultural creativeness, but also transform
economic growth by developing industries with high
additional Value and innovation. Some developed
countries have made it as the prop industry. In our
country, some developed cities also started to make the
creative industry development as the new round the
Supported
by Joint Program for Philosophy Social Science Research
and Planning of Heilongjiang “A Research on the Constructing and
Innovation Mode choice of Learning Innovation System in Northeast
Region” project number：10E041 and Technology Tackling Planned
Project of Heilongjiang “A research on functional orientation and
Growth Countermeasure of Hi-tech Enterprise in Regional Innovation
System ” project number：GZ09D204.
economical growth spot and to bring it into the
development overall plan. Therefore, vigorously
developing creative industries is an inevitable trend in the
future development of Heilongjiang province，Meanwhile,
it is a wise choice to create an innovative industry.
Ⅱ THE CONCEPTION OF CREATIVE INDUSTRIES
The conception of creative industries was first
proposed by British Government [2]. The Creative
Industries Task Force proposed by British Labor Party
Government puts forward the conception of creative
industries in Creative Industries Mapping Document for
the first time in Nov. of 1998. Then they issued creative
industry special report in which creative industries are
defined as industries that origin from individual creativity,
skills and abilities with the potential of creating wealth
and employment through developing and using
intellectual property [3].
With human society entering the era of knowledge
economy, creative industries rapidly become driving force
in promoting economic development and become the
major ways of shaping international image in the
developed countries. At the same time, academic group
also lifted the upsurge of research on development of
creative industry. From the perspective of culture
economy, R. Caves gave a further definition that creative
industries are industries that provides products and
services with the value of broad culture, art or only
entertainment[4]. While from the perspective of
intellectual property J.Howkins extended the Category
that creative industries are composed of industries which
are corresponding to intellectual property law including
copyright, patent, trademark and design[5].
In reference to related concepts on the basis of
creative industry, this paper holds that creative industries
can be defined as economic department to achieve
commercialization through penetrating and remodeling
traditional industries. which is based on culture and
emphasizes on close combination of creativity and
high-tech .
Ⅲ ESTABLISH COMPETITIVENESS EVALUATION
MODEL OF CREATIVE INDUSTRIES
TABLE ⅠThe Competitive Power Evaluation System of Creative
Industries
industry
scale
target layer
criterion layer
index layer
number of Institutions U11
industry scale
U1
human
capital
creative
benefit
creative
industry
competitive
power
research
and
innovation
human capital
U2
social
environment
Fig.1 Competitive Power Evaluation Theory Model of Creative
Industries
A Establishment of evaluation index system
The most famous competitiveness evaluation index
of Creative industries is Florida's 3Ts (Technology, Talent,
Tolerance)[1]. Then Cultural Policy Research Centre of
Hong Kong University based on 3Ts drafted 5Cs
including creative benefits, structure and system capital,
human capital, social capital and cultural capital, which is
more suitable to Asian point of view. This paper absorbs
the main idea of Hong Kong evaluation Index which is
factors’ Interaction human capital, social capital and
cultural capital is manifested as creative results or output
[3]
.
Considering conception quantization,
maneuver
ability and heilongjiang’s actual situation, this part drafts
theoretical model of five key indexes including industry
scale, human capital, research and innovation, social
environment and creative benefits by using Porter
Competitive Theory (such as Fig.1). The dimension
identification of creative industry competitiveness is the
key to competitiveness evaluation. These five indexes not
only reflect the close relation between creative industries
and economic development, but also fully consider the
inherent links among creativity growth, economic
development and social-cultural values.
Based on the dimension identification, this paper
establishes evaluation index system [6]-[10] which explains
various economic activities including social activities in
creative industries competitiveness. Layer 1 (target level)
is competitiveness evaluation, directly reflecting the
development level of creative industries; Layer 2
(criterion level) describes industry scale, human capital,
research and innovation, social environment and creative
benefits these five aspects,
research and
innovation
U3
the competiveness of
creative
industries
U
social
environment
U4
number of Personnel U12
fixed assets investment of
urban
creative industry U13
State financial education
expenditure U21
per capital education and
training expense U22
number of college students per
10000 persons U23
number of full-time college
teachers U24
Research and development
expense U31
the proportion of research and
development expense in
GDPU32
full-time Equivalent of R&D
Personnel U33
Official budgetary
expenditures of cultural
industryU41
per capita annual expenditure
of urban resident Culture
serviceU42
per capita annual expenditure
of urban resident Culture
goods U43
the proportion of Per capita
annual expenditure of urban
resident Culture services in
total U44
total profits and taxes U51
creative
benefits
U5
Sales Revenue of New
Products U52
industrial added valueU53
the increase rate of industrial
added valueU54
the proportion of industrial
added value in GDP U55
Linking up with theory model; Layer 3 (index level) is the
specific support index of the five components, linking up
with domestic Statistics (TABLEⅠ).
B Weight determination in entropy method
a Basic principle of entropy method
Weight determination of every index is an important
part in the process of competitiveness evaluation. In this
paper, the method used to judge the
weight is entropy. Entropy origins from the basic
principle of information theory--information entropy is a
measurement of uncertainty，it can judge the discrete
degree of indexes and the random of an event，and it can
also measure the disorder degree of the system in entropy.
According to the characteristic of entropy .The
smaller the information entropy of the index is, the
greater the amount of information provided is, the more
important effects are made on the comprehensive
evaluation，and the higher weight should be [11]. As the
evaluation index dimension existence difference and the
data are discrete in this paper, entropy method [12]-[14] is
more objective, which uses the difference degree among
every data to determine the evaluation status in evaluating
the target index, and to form index weight of the element.
b The calculation process of weight determination in
entropy method
1) Data standardization processing
Suppose xij as the original value of the ith year and
the
sub-index under one class，in
jth
which
i  1, 2,...m; j  1, 2,...n . Creat M * N matrix of
X , In
this text，all the indexs are positive indexs，namely the
bigger the index is，the better it is，so pre-process the data
xij ，make xij ' equal to xij
max xij
and define the matrix
i
after standardized ：
pij 
xij '
， 0  pij  1
m
x
i 1
P  ( pij ) mn ， in which
（1）
'
quantitatively analyze. It combines the quantitative
analysis with the qualitative description closely which is
widely used including subjective and objective indexes
[15]-[18]. It mainly uses fuzzy math and fuzzy statistical
method to make scientific evaluation on the advantages
and disadvantages by comprehensive consideration about
various factors affecting the things.
b Factor and evaluation set
According to the previous analysis, evaluation index
system is divided into three levels: Level 1-- target layer
of the creative industries competitiveness U; The specific
layer structure of competitiveness evaluation index
system of Creative industry shows as Tab.1.
Evaluation set is a kind of language description on
evaluation of the various levels. It is comment set which
is given by evaluation staff. To different evaluation
objectives, its comment level has different meanings.
According to the characteristics of creative industries,
build comment set V  {Vi } . Establish five evaluation
levels namely V  {V1 ,V2 , V3 ,V4 ,V5 } , in which V1 = (good),
V2 = (fair), V3 = (common), V4 = (poor), V5 = (bad), so
the evaluation set is V = (good, fair, common, poor, bad).
c Single-Factor fuzzy comprehensive evaluation
Make single-factor fuzzy evaluation and set up
single-factor evaluation matrix V  (Vij ) and single-factor
ij
2）Calculate the Entropy e j of Index j
m
e j   k  Pij ln Pij
(2)
fuzzy evaluation subset:
Vi  (Vi1 ,Vi 2 ,Vi 3 ,Vi 4 ,Vi 5 )
i 1
1
in which k  0 ， k 
， 0  ej  1 .
ln m
3) Calculate the difference coefficient h j of Index j
g j  1  ej
(3)
It represents the possibility of each evaluated object
in different comment level after using weighted average
method that experts score according to each evaluation
index. Fuzzy evaluation matrix V is as follows:
Good … bad
V11
V  
Vn1
From the formula ,the smaller the entropy value e j
of index j is, the greater the difference among the
index j is,so the greater the evaluation effect on the
objectives is.
4）Calculate entropy weight w j of index j
With normalization processing on difference
coefficient it can be obtained the weight of each index
and weight vector W  (W1 ,W 2 , Wn ) , in which
wj 
gj
n
gj
j 1
（
4
）
Vij means the possibility that the
ith index choices
the jth evaluation.
d Fuzzy comprehensive evaluation
According to the weight and the single-factor
evaluation previously got, generate fuzzy comprehensive
evaluation vector A by processing data
(4)
C Fuzzy comprehensive evaluation of competitiveness
a Basic principle of fuzzy comprehensive evaluation
Fuzzy comprehensive evaluation Method is a very
effective multi-factor decision method which makes
comprehensive evaluation on things influenced by many
factors. The method has not only rigorously quantitative
characterization, but also subjectively qualitative
description on fuzzy phenomenon which is difficult to
V15 


Vn5 
A  WV  (W1 ,W2 ,
 ( A1 , A2 ,
A j （ j  1, 2,
V11
, Wn ) 
Vn1
V15 


Vn 5 
, A5 )
,5 ）is called fuzzy comprehensive
evaluation membership degree. At the same time, choice
the maximum of A j as the evaluation level of object
index.
creative industry).Meanwhile suppose V1 = (good, fair,
Ⅳ THE COMPETITIVENESS EVALUATION OF
HEILONGJIANG’S CREATIVE INDUSTRY
common, poor, bad) as comment set. Focus on each factor
in U 1 to form industry scale index evaluation of creative
A Raw data
In accordance with the evaluation index system, this
paper chooses some related data about the development of
Heilongjiang’s creative industries in 2008 and 2009 from
"Heilongjiang Statistical Yearbook 2009", "Heilongjiang
Statistical Yearbook 2010" and some related statistics
annual report. The reasons for choosing economic data of
two years ago are two. The one is to avoid overestimate
the evaluation capacity of the model for short interval.
The other is that, based on the actual situation in
Heilongjiang, creative industries competitiveness
recognized by reality is always published after
comprehensive data of past year, so using past year's data
has little effect objectively.
B Weight calculation
Determine the weight of index layer. Use entropy
method to determine the weight of 3 sub-indexes in
Industry scale factor U 1 .According to step (1), calculate
3 sub-indexes’ Standardized data P in 2 years .
 0.4913 0.4747 0.5631
P

0.5087 0.5253 0.4369 
According to step (2), calculate the entropy vector
E1  (0.9998, 0.9982, 0.9885)
According to step (3) calculate the difference
coefficient vector
G1  (0.0002, 0.0018, 0.0115)
According to step (4), it can be obtained weight
vector of industry scale sub-index after Normalization
processing.
W1  (0.0148,0.1333,0.8519)
Similarly,calculate weigh of the human capital
sub-index W2 (0.4912,0.0043,0.0133,0.4912) ;
Weight W3 (0.4144,0.4297,0.1559) of Research
and Innovation sub-index U 3 ;
Weight
W4 (0.6907, 0.0186, 0.2689, 0.0218)
of
social and cultural environment sub-index U 4 ;
Weigh
W5 (0.6742,0.0390,0.0737,0.138,0.0751)
of
creative benefits sub-index U 5 .
n
Aj   WiVij
j  1, 2 ,
industries competitiveness .Invite 10 experts in related
fields to score and evaluate via interviews, e-mail,
establishing single-factor evaluation matrix V1 after
weighted average.
0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0 
V1  0.2 0.4 0.3 0.1 0 
 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.1
As the weight vector W1  (0.0148, 0.1333, 0.8519) , so
A1  W1  V1
0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0 
 (0.0148, 0.1333, 0.8519)  0.2 0.4 0.3 0.1 0 
 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.1
 (0.1148, 0.2267, 0.2148, 0.3585, 0.0853)
This shows that as to industry scale index good
membership degree is 0.1148, fair membership degree is
0.2267, common membership degree is 0.2148, poor
membership degree is 0.3585, bad membership degree is
0.0853. Because the poor membership degree is
maximum, so evaluated from this index, the industry
scale of Heilongjiang’s creative industries is poor.
b Fuzzy comprehensive evaluation of human capital U 2
Using the same process, the single-factor evaluation
matrix V2 after weighted average of human capital U 2 is
 0.3
 0.3
V2  
0.2

 0.1
0.4 0.2 0.1 0 
0.5 0.1 0 0.1
0.2 0.3 0.3 0 

0.3 0.3 0.2 0.1
So the Fuzzy comprehensive evaluation of human capital
A2  W2  V2
 (0.2004, 0.3487, 0.2500, 0.1514, 0.0496)
This shows that the maximum of fair membership
degree is 0.3487.So evaluated from this, the human
capital of Heilongjiang’s creative industries is fair.
c Fuzzy comprehensive evaluation of research and
innovation U 3
Using the same process, the single-factor evaluation
matrix V3 after weighted average of research and
innovation U 3 is
,5
i 1
C Fuzzy comprehensive evaluation on the competitiveness
of creative industries
a Fuzzy comprehensive evaluation of industry scale U 1
Suppose that factor set U 1 = (number of Institutions,
number of Personnel, fixed assets investment of urban
0.1 0.3 0.4 0.1 0.1
V3  0.1 0.4 0.3 0.2 0 
 0 0.1 0.5 0.2 0.2 
A3  W3  V3
(0.0844, 0.3122, 0.3746, 0.1594, 0.0734)
This shows that the maximum of common membership
degree is 0.3746.So evaluated from this, research and
innovation index of Heilongjiang’s creative industries is
common.
d Fuzzy comprehensive
environment U 4
evaluation
of
social
Using the same process, the single-factor
evaluation matrix V4 after weighted average of research
and innovation U 4 is
 0.3
 0.1
V4  
 0.1

0.2
0.3 0.2 0.1 0.1
0.1 0.5 0.2 0.1
0.2 0.1 0.4 0.2 

0.3 0.2 0.1 0.2 
A  WV
A4  W4  V4
 (0.2403, 0.2694, 0.1787, 0.1825, 0.1291)
This shows that the maximum of fair membership
degree is 0.2694.So evaluated from this, the social
environment index of Heilongjiang’s creative industries is
fair.
e Fuzzy comprehensive evaluation of creative benefits U 5
Using the same process, the single-factor evaluation
matrix V5 after weighted average of research and
innovation U 5 is
 0
 0

V5  0.2

 0.1
0.2
0.1
0.2
0.4
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.5
0.2
0.3
0.3
0.4
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.1
0.2 
0.1
0 

0.1
0.1
 (0.0436, 0.1686, 0.3004, 0.3273, 0.1600)
This shows that the maximum of poor membership
degree is 0.3273.So evaluated from this, the creative
benefits index of Heilongjiang’s creative industries is
poor.
f
Fuzzy
comprehensive
evaluation
of
the
competitiveness U
According to the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation
matrix of industry scale, human capital, research and
innovation, social environment and creative benefits, it
can be obtained that
0.2267
0.3487
0.3122
0.2694
0.1686
0.2148
0.2500
0.3746
0.1787
0.3004
0.3585
0.1514
0.1594
0.1825
0.3273
0.1537
 0.1499

 (0.1862, 0.2216, 0.2986, 0.0496, 0.2440)  0.1022

 0.1812
 0.0435
0.2688
0.2520
0.2984
0.3661
0.1766
0.3230
0.2595
0.3815
0.2634
0.3009
0.1812
0.1620
0.2029
0.1519
0.3338
0.0733
0.1766 
0.0150 

0.0374
0.1452 
 (0.1120, 0.2562, 0.3180, 0.2192, 0.0945)
The final results shows: on complete and
comprehensive consideration on the creative industries
competitiveness, the maximum of common membership
degree in the evaluation is 0.3180, so the competitiveness
of Heilongjiang’s creative industries is common.
Ⅴ POLICY SUGGESTION
A5  W5  V5
 A1   0.1148
 A  0.2004
 2 
X   A3   0.0844
  
 A4   0.2403
 A5  0.0436
competitiveness, establishing single-factor evaluation
matrix V after weighted average.
0.1537 0.2688 0.3230 0.1812 0.0733
 0.1499 0.2520 0.2595 0.1620 0.1766 


V   0.1022 0.2984 0.3815 0.2029 0.0150 


 0.1812 0.3661 0.2634 0.1519 0.0374 
 0.0435 0.1766 0.3009 0.3338 0.1452 
at last ， it can be obtained fuzzy comprehensive
evaluation of the competitiveness U .
0.0853
0.0496 
0.0734 

0.1291
0.1600 
Use entropy method to determine weights of U1 , U 2 ,
U 3 ,U 4 ,U 5 . Transposing the evaluation matrix,and then
calculate the weight vector according to step(1)，(2), (3),
(4).
W  (0.1862, 0.2216, 0.2986, 0.0496, 0.2440)
Meanwhile suppose V = (good, fair, common, poor, bad)
as comment set. Invite experts to score to form creative
benefits index evaluation of creative industry
Creative industries are major in sunrise industries
Characteristic with lower energy consumption and
pollution, helping to pull the green GDP, and are
consistent with the strategic objectives of Heilongjiang’s
transition. empirical analysis shows that although
Heilongjiang has abundant human resources, social and
cultural environment, it hasn’t formed creative industry
scale and has been lack of research innovation. So
improving the competitiveness of creative industries
should be the new power in revitalizing city economy in
Heilongjiang.
Firstly, unveil and implement some creative
industries policy as soon as possible to form industry
cluster effect. In recent years, some cities such as Beijing,
Shanghai, Chengdu and others have been exploring on the
development of creative industries. In comparison,
Heilongjiang is relatively backward in the development of
creative industries. Exception from holding "cartoon
week" and few other activities, there is little input in
technology, human and capital. Heilongjiang should make
long-term plans on creative industries based on Northeast
China and actively build creative industry cluster [19], to
form new growth point of economy.
Secondly, strengthen cooperation with universities
and encourage creative achievement transformation. A
group of colleges led by Heilongjiang Institute of
Technology, Harbin Engineering University and
Heilongjiang University provide strong and firm
guarantee for professional talents training and technical
support. Through diverse kinds of cooperation forms such
as government contract, two-way participation of college
and business, intellectual resources are fully utilized to
accelerate the transformation of creative achievement.
Thirdly, enterprises should increase R&D
investment and enhance property rights protection
consciousness. Transforming creative ideas into products
is the key to develop creative industries. On one hand, as
technology-intensive enterprises meet the development
conditions of creative industries, it is necessary to
encourage innovation; on the other hand, powerful
protection of intellectual property rights is also
indispensable, which is beneficial to form creativity.
Fourthly, rely on the exceptionally natural and
cultural environment and tourism resources to establish
creative industries with distinctive characteristics. Based
on the resources of river tourism, snow, chinese and
western culture[20], Heilongjiang should develop into
creative industries garden area taking culture, tourism,
software development, computer services, fashion design,
sports, handicraft and new media as main bodies,
establishing creative industries chain of high additional
value in wide extension.
Finally, stand on the tertiary industry and explore
new consumption demand. As the per capita disposable
income improves, people are increasingly pursing quality
of life, which brings new opportunities to the
development of creative industry. Stimulate Consumption
to promote the development of creative industries, thus
optimizing industry structure to form virtuous economy
circle.
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