Matakuliah : M0304/Corporate Information System Management
Tahun
: 2008
Pertemuan 19-20 ofc
CHAPTER 12
Manajemen ProyekProyek TI
Fakultas Ilmu Komputer
Modul-19-2
PROJECT
•
•
•
•
•
•
TEMPORARY ENDEAVOR
TO CREATE PRODUCT OR SERVICE
TYPICALLY ONE-TIME
DIVIDED INTO TASKS
REQUIRES COORDINATION & CONTROL
DEFINITE BEGINNING & END
*
Fakultas Ilmu Komputer
Modul-19-3
PROJECT CHARACTERISTICS*
• RISK & UNCERTAINTY HIGHEST AT START
• ABILITY TO INFLUENCE RESULTS HIGHEST AT START
• COST & STAFFING LOW AT START, HIGHER NEAR END, RAPIDLY DROP
OFF AFTER
*
*PMI, 1996
Fakultas Ilmu Komputer
Modul-19-4
PROGRAM*
• GROUP OF PROJECTS
• MANAGED IN COORDINATED WAY
• TO OBTAIN BENEFITS NOT AVAILABLE FROM MANAGING THEM
SEPARATELY
*
*PMI, 1996
Fakultas Ilmu Komputer
Modul-19-5
PROJECT INITIATION
• PROJECT CHARTER: Describes objectives, scope, assumptions (results from
feasibility analysis)
• RANK ALTERNATIVES: May require estimates of costs & times, judgment
• WORK WITH THE NUMBERS: Sensitivity analysis, deal with uncertainties (does
outcome change with change in input?)
*
Fakultas Ilmu Komputer
Modul-19-6
PROJECT MANAGER CHARACTERISTICS*
• LEADING: Communicating, problem-solving
• NEGOTIATING: Ability to get things done within organizational setting
• NON-TECHNICAL SKILLS
*
*PMI, 1996
Fakultas Ilmu Komputer
Modul-19-7
NON-TECHNICAL SKILLSETS
•
•
•
•
•
COMMUNICATION: Listening, persuading
ORGANIZATIONAL: Planning, goal-setting, analyzing
TEAM-BUILDING: Empathy, motivation, esprit de corps
LEADERSHIP: Sets example, energetic, vision, delegates, positive
COPING: Flexibility, creativity, patience, persistence
*
Fakultas Ilmu Komputer
Modul-19-8
KEY BUSINESS ROLES
• PROJECT SPONSOR: Executive participates in project proposal, argues for
approval, has “ownership” of project, provides funds, oversees success, ensures
benefits
• USER CHAMPION: Has credibility in affected community, continually
communicates project vision & benefits
*
Fakultas Ilmu Komputer
Modul-19-9
PROJECT PLANNING
• SCHEDULING: Involves work breakdown analysis, time estimates, sequence of
tasks
• BUDGETING: Documents total costs, levels at which each is controlled. Bottomup (cost and aggregate elements), top-down (sets total for project, assigns
dollars to elements)
*
Fakultas Ilmu Komputer
Modul-19-10
PROJECT PLANNING
• STAFFING: Identifies required skill mix, proficiency level, quantity, timeframe,
provides incentives
• PLANNING DOCUMENTS:
– STATEMENT OF WORK: High-level description of what project will deliver & when
– PROJECT PLAN: Details of tasks (e.g., PERT, Gantt chart)
*
Fakultas Ilmu Komputer
Modul-19-11
PROGRAM EVALUATION & REVIEW TECHNIQUE (PERT)
3.2
4
2.8
6
1.9
1.4
5.5
1
2
5
7
13.1
7.0
3
8
12.0
10.3
CIRCLES ARE ACTIVITIES
ARROWS SHOW SEQUENCE
VALUES ARE TIME UNITS (NOT TO SCALE)
Fakultas Ilmu Komputer
Modul-19-12
GANTT CHART
SCHEDULE
ACTIVITY
January
February
March
April
May
June
FEASIBILITY STUDY
APPROVAL
PROJECT PLAN
PURCHASE
INSTALL
TEST
ACCEPT
Fakultas Ilmu Komputer
Modul-19-13
PROJECT EXECUTION & CONTROL
•
•
•
•
•
APPROVAL OF PLAN, SCHEDULE, BUDGET
ASSIGN RESPONSIBILITIES & AUTHORITIES
STATUS REPORTING
RISK MANAGEMENT
SOLVE PROBLEMS BEFORE THEY BECOME CRITICAL
*
Fakultas Ilmu Komputer
Modul-19-14
STATUS REPORTING
• SCHEDULE:
– SCHEDULED & ACTUAL, OR FORECAST COMPLETION DATES
– EXPLANATIONS OF DEVIATION(S)
• BUDGET:
–
–
–
–
–
TOTAL PROJECT FUNDING
EXPENDITURES TO DATE OF REPORT
CURRENT ESTIMATE OF COST TO COMPLETE
ANTICIPATED PROFIT/LOSS
EXPLANATIONS OF DEVIATION(S)
*
Fakultas Ilmu Komputer
Modul-19-15
IT-RELATED RISKS
•
•
•
•
ORGANIZATIONAL: Competitive, reputation, technical
PERSONNEL: Personnel and expertise, non-use & unintentional misuse
SYSTEMS PROJECT: Control design, project delay
EXTERNAL SECURITY: External fraud, theft, crime. Extraordinary event
*
Fakultas Ilmu Komputer
Modul-19-16
MONETARY VALUE
RISK vs STAKE*
RISK
STAKE
TIME
*Frame, 1994
Fakultas Ilmu Komputer
Modul-19-17
LEWIN/SCHEIN CHANGE MODEL*
• UNFREEZING: Establish a felt need, create a safe atmosphere
• MOVING: Provide necessary information, assimilate knowledge, develop skills
• REFREEZING
*
*Lewin, 1947, Schein, 1987
Fakultas Ilmu Komputer
Modul-19-18
CHANGE EFFORTS*
1. ESTABLISH SENSE OF URGENCY
2. FORM POWERFUL GUIDING COALITION
3. CREATE A VISION
4. COMMUNICATE VISION
5. EMPOWER OTHERS TO ACT ON VISION
*
*Kotter, 1995
Fakultas Ilmu Komputer
Modul-19-19
CHANGE EFFORTS*
6. PLAN FOR & CREATE SHORT-TERM WINS
7. CONSOLIDATE IMPROVEMENTS, PRODUCE MORE CHANGE
8. INSTITUTIONALIZE NEW APPROACHES
*
*Kotter, 1995
Fakultas Ilmu Komputer
Modul-19-20
CHAPTER 12
Fakultas Ilmu Komputer
Modul-19-21
Fakultas Ilmu Komputer
Modul-19-22
Fakultas Ilmu Komputer
Modul-19-23