FOREWORD
The Iranian Petroleum Standards (IPS) reflect the
views of the Iranian Ministry of Petroleum and
are intended for use in the oil and gas production
facilities,
oil
refineries,
chemical
and
petrochemical plants, gas handling and processing
installations and other such facilities.
IPS is based on internationally acceptable
standards and includes selections from the items
stipulated in the referenced standards. They are
also supplemented by additional requirements
and/or modifications based on the experience
acquired by the Iranian Petroleum Industry and
the local market availability. The options which
are not specified in the text of the standards are
itemized in data sheet/s, so that, the user can
select his appropriate preferences therein.
The IPS standards are therefore expected to be
sufficiently flexible so that the users can adapt
these standards to their requirements. However,
they may not cover every requirement of each
project. For such cases, an addendum to IPS
Standard shall be prepared by the user which
elaborates the particular requirements of the user.
This addendum together with the relevant IPS
shall form the job specification for the specific
project or work.
The IPS is reviewed and up-dated approximately
every five years. Each standards are subject to
amendment or withdrawal, if required, thus the
latest edition of IPS shall be applicable
The users of IPS are therefore requested to send
their views and comments, including any
addendum prepared for particular cases to the
following address. These comments and
recommendations will be reviewed by the relevant
technical committee and in case of approval will
be incorporated in the next revision of the
standard.
Standards and Research department
No.19, Street14, North kheradmand
Karimkhan Avenue, Tehran, Iran .
Postal Code- 1585886851
Tel: 88810459-60 & 66153055
Fax: 88810462
Email: Standards@nioc.org
‫ﭘﻴﺶ ﮔﻔﺘﺎر‬
‫( ﻣﻨﻌﻜﺲ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه دﻳﺪﮔﺎﻫﻬﺎي‬IPS) ‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪاردﻫﺎي ﻧﻔﺖ اﻳﺮان‬
‫وزارت ﻧﻔﺖ اﻳﺮان اﺳﺖ و ﺑﺮاي اﺳﺘﻔﺎده در ﺗﺄﺳﻴﺴﺎت ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻧﻔﺖ‬
،‫ واﺣﺪﻫﺎي ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻲ و ﭘﺘﺮوﺷﻴﻤﻲ‬،‫ ﭘﺎﻻﻳﺸﮕﺎﻫﻬﺎي ﻧﻔﺖ‬،‫و ﮔﺎز‬
‫ﺗﺄﺳﻴﺴﺎت اﻧﺘﻘﺎل و ﻓﺮاورش ﮔﺎز و ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﺗﺄﺳﻴﺴﺎت ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ‬
.‫ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ‬
‫ ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪاردﻫﺎي ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻗﺒﻮل‬،‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪاردﻫﺎي ﻧﻔﺖ‬
‫ﺑﻴﻦاﻟﻤﻠﻠﻲ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﺷﺪه و ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﮔﺰﻳﺪهﻫﺎﺋﻲ از اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪاردﻫﺎي‬
‫ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻴﺎت ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﻧﻔﺖ ﻛﺸﻮر‬.‫ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ ﻣﻮاردي‬،‫و ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ ﻛﺎﻻ از ﺑﺎزار داﺧﻠﻲ و ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﺮﺣﺴﺐ ﻧﻴﺎز‬
.‫ﺑﻄﻮر ﺗﻜﻤﻴﻠﻲ و ﻳﺎ اﺻﻼﺣﻲ در اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻟﺤﺎظ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ‬
‫ﻣﻮاردي از ﮔﺰﻳﻨﻪﻫﺎي ﻓﻨﻲ ﻛﻪ در ﻣﺘﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪاردﻫﺎ آورده ﻧﺸﺪه‬
‫اﺳﺖ در داده ﺑﺮگﻫﺎ ﺑﺼﻮرت ﺷﻤﺎره ﮔﺬاري ﺷﺪه ﺑﺮاي اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬
.‫ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻛﺎرﺑﺮان آورده ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ‬
‫ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻜﻠﻲ ﻛﺎﻣﻼً اﻧﻌﻄﺎف ﭘﺬﻳﺮ ﺗﺪوﻳﻦ ﺷﺪه‬،‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪاردﻫﺎي ﻧﻔﺖ‬
.‫اﺳﺖ ﺗﺎ ﻛﺎرﺑﺮان ﺑﺘﻮاﻧﻨﺪ ﻧﻴﺎزﻫﺎي ﺧﻮد را ﺑﺎ آﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﻨﻄﺒﻖ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ‬
‫ﺑﺎ اﻳﻦ ﺣﺎل ﻣﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺖ ﺗﻤﺎم ﻧﻴﺎزﻣﻨﺪيﻫﺎي ﭘﺮوژه ﻫﺎ را ﭘﻮﺷﺶ‬
‫ در اﻳﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﻮارد ﺑﺎﻳﺪ اﻟﺤﺎﻗﻴﻪاي ﻛﻪ ﻧﻴﺎزﻫﺎي ﺧﺎص‬.‫ﻧﺪﻫﻨﺪ‬
‫ اﻳﻦ اﻟﺤﺎﻗﻴﻪ‬.‫آﻧﻬﺎ را ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ ﻣﻲﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ و ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺖ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ‬
‫ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت ﻓﻨﻲ آن ﭘﺮوژه و ﻳﺎ ﻛﺎر‬،‫ﻫﻤﺮاه ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ‬
.‫ﺧﺎص را ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﺧﻮاﻫﻨﺪ داد‬
‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪاردﻫﺎي ﻧﻔﺖ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﺎً ﻫﺮ ﭘﻨﺞ ﺳﺎل ﻳﻜﺒﺎر ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﻗﺮار‬
‫ در اﻳﻦ ﺑﺮرﺳﻲﻫﺎ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺖ‬.‫ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ و روزآﻣﺪ ﻣﻲﮔﺮدﻧﺪ‬
‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪاردي ﺣﺬف و ﻳﺎ اﻟﺤﺎﻗﻴﻪاي ﺑﻪ آن اﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﺷﻮد و ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﻳﻦ‬
.‫ﻫﻤﻮاره آﺧﺮﻳﻦ وﻳﺮاﻳﺶ آﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﻼك ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ درﺧﻮاﺳﺖ ﻣﻲﺷﻮد ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﻧﻈﺮﻫﺎ و‬،‫از ﻛﺎرﺑﺮان اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬
‫ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎدات اﺻﻼﺣﻲ و ﻳﺎ ﻫﺮﮔﻮﻧﻪ اﻟﺤﺎﻗﻴﻪاي ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮاي ﻣﻮارد‬
‫ ﻧﻈﺮات و‬.‫ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻲ زﻳﺮ ارﺳﺎل ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ‬،‫ﺧﺎص ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﻧﻤﻮدهاﻧﺪ‬
‫ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎدات درﻳﺎﻓﺘﻲ در ﻛﻤﻴﺘﻪﻫﺎي ﻓﻨﻲ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ و در‬
‫ﺻﻮرت ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺐ در ﺗﺠﺪﻳﺪ ﻧﻈﺮﻫﺎي ﺑﻌﺪي اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻣﻨﻌﻜﺲ‬
.‫ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ‬
‫ ﻛﻮﭼﻪ‬،‫ ﺧﺮدﻣﻨﺪ ﺷﻤﺎﻟﻲ‬،‫ ﺧﻴﺎﺑﺎن ﻛﺮﻳﻤﺨﺎن زﻧﺪ‬،‫ ﺗﻬﺮان‬،‫اﻳﺮان‬
19 ‫ ﺷﻤﺎره‬،‫ﭼﻬﺎردﻫﻢ‬
‫اداره ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت و اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪاردﻫﺎ‬
1585886851 : ‫ﻛﺪﭘﺴﺘﻲ‬
66153055 ‫ و‬88810459 - 60 : ‫ﺗﻠﻔﻦ‬
021-88810462 : ‫دور ﻧﮕﺎر‬
:‫ﭘﺴﺖ اﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﻴﻜﻲ‬
Standards@nioc.org
:‫ﺗﻌﺎرﻳﻒ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ‬
GENERAL DEFINITIONS:
Throughout this Standard
definitions shall apply.
the
following
COMPANY :
Refers to one of the related and/or affiliated
companies of the Iranian Ministry of Petroleum
such as National Iranian Oil Company, National
Iranian Gas Company, National Petrochemical
Company and National Iranian Oil Refinery And
Distribution Company.
PURCHASER:
Means the "Company" where this standard is a
part of direct purchaser order by the "Company",
and the "Contractor" where this Standard is a part
of contract document.
VENDOR AND SUPPLIER:
Refers to firm or person who will supply and/or
fabricate the equipment or material.
CONTRACTOR:
Refers to the persons, firm or company whose
tender has been accepted by the company.
EXECUTOR:
Executor is the party which carries out all or part
of construction and/or commissioning for the
project.
INSPECTOR:
The Inspector referred to in this Standard is a
person/persons or a body appointed in writing by
the company for the inspection of fabrication and
installation work.
SHALL:
Is used where a provision is mandatory.
SHOULD:
Is used where a provision is advisory only.
WILL:
Is normally used in connection with the action by
the "Company" rather than by a contractor,
supplier or vendor.
MAY:
Is used where a provision is completely
discretionary.
.‫در اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﺗﻌﺎرﻳﻒ زﻳﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎر ﻣﻲرود‬
:‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖ‬
‫ ﻣﺜﻞ‬،‫ﺑﻪ ﻳﻜﻲ از ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﻫﺎي اﺻﻠﻲ و ﻳﺎ واﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ وزارت ﻧﻔﺖ‬
‫ ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﻣﻠﻲ‬،‫ ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﻣﻠﻲ ﮔﺎز اﻳﺮان‬،‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﻣﻠﻲ ﻧﻔﺖ اﻳﺮان‬
‫ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ ﭘﺘﺮوﺷﻴﻤﻲ و ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﻣﻠﻲ ﭘﺎﻻﻳﺶ و ﭘﺨﺶ ﻓﺮآوردهﻫﺎي‬
.‫ﻧﻔﺘﻲ اﺗﻼق ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‬
:‫ﺧﺮﻳﺪار‬
‫ﻳﻌﻨﻲ "ﺷﺮﻛﺘﻲ" ﻛﻪ اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﺑﺨﺸﻲ از ﻣﺪارك ﺳﻔﺎرش‬
‫ﺧﺮﻳﺪ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ آن "ﺷﺮﻛﺖ" ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ و ﻳﺎ "ﭘﻴﻤﺎﻧﻜﺎري" ﻛﻪ اﻳﻦ‬
.‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﺑﺨﺸﻲ از ﻣﺪارك ﻗﺮارداد آن اﺳﺖ‬
:‫ﻓﺮوﺷﻨﺪه و ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮﺳﺴﻪ و ﻳﺎ ﺷﺨﺼﻲ ﮔﻔﺘﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮد ﻛﻪ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات و ﻛﺎﻻﻫﺎي‬
.‫ﻣﻮرد ﻟﺰوم ﺻﻨﻌﺖ را ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ ﻣﻲﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‬
:‫ﭘﻴﻤﺎﻧﻜﺎر‬
‫ ﻣﻮﺳﺴﻪ و ﻳﺎ ﺷﺮﻛﺘﻲ ﮔﻔﺘﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮد ﻛﻪ ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎدش‬،‫ﺑﻪ ﺷﺨﺺ‬
.‫ﺑﺮاي ﻣﻨﺎﻗﺼﻪ ﭘﺬﻳﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ‬
:‫ﻣﺠﺮي‬
‫ﻣﺠﺮي ﺑﻪ ﮔﺮوﻫﻲ اﺗﻼق ﻣﻲﺷﻮد ﻛﻪ ﺗﻤﺎم ﻳﺎ ﻗﺴﻤﺘﻲ از ﻛﺎرﻫﺎي‬
.‫اﺟﺮاﺋﻲ و ﻳﺎ راه اﻧﺪازي ﭘﺮوژه را اﻧﺠﺎم دﻫﺪ‬
:‫ﺑﺎزرس‬
‫ﮔﺮوه ﻳﺎ ﻣﻮﺳﺴﻪاي اﺗﻼق‬/‫در اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﺑﺎزرس ﺑﻪ ﻓﺮد‬
‫ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ و ﻧﺼﺐ‬،‫ﻣﻲﺷﻮد ﻛﻪ ﻛﺘﺒﺎً ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻛﺎرﻓﺮﻣﺎ ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺎزرﺳﻲ‬
.‫ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
:‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬
.‫ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‬،‫ﺑﺮاي ﻛﺎري ﻛﻪ اﻧﺠﺎم آن اﺟﺒﺎري اﺳﺖ‬
:‫ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ‬
.‫ ﺑﻜﺎر ﻣﻲرود‬،‫ﺑﺮاي ﻛﺎري ﻛﻪ ﺿﺮورت اﻧﺠﺎم آن ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‬
:‫ﺗﺮﺟﻴﺢ‬
‫ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻً در ﺟﺎﻳﻲ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﻲﺷﻮد ﻛﻪ اﻧﺠﺎم آن ﻛﺎر ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس‬
.‫ﻧﻈﺎرت "ﺷﺮﻛﺖ" ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
:‫ﻣﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺖ‬
.‫ ﺑﻜﺎر ﻣﻲرود‬،‫ﺑﺮاي ﻛﺎري ﻛﻪ اﻧﺠﺎم آن اﺧﺘﻴﺎري ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
IPS-C-CE-200(1)
CONSTRUCTION STANDARD
FOR
CONCRETE STRUCTURES
FIRST REVISION
FEBRUARY 2009
‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد اﺟﺮاﻳﻲ‬
‫ﺑﺮاي‬
‫ﺳﺎزه ﻫﺎي ﺑﺘﻨﻲ‬
‫وﻳﺮاﻳﺶ اول‬
1387 ‫ﺑﻬﻤﻦ‬
This Standard is the property of Iranian Ministry of
Petroleum. All rights are reserved to the owner. Neither
whole nor any part of this document maybe disclosed to any
third party, reproduced, stored in any retrieval system or
transmitted in any form or by any means without the prior
written consent of the Iranian Ministry of Petroleum.
‫ ﺗﻤﺎم ﺣﻘﻮق آن ﻣﺘﻌﻠـﻖ ﺑـﻪ‬.‫اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﻪ وزارت ﻧﻔﺖ اﻳﺮان اﺳﺖ‬
‫ ﺗﻤﺎم ﻳﺎ ﺑﺨﺸﻲ‬،‫ﻣﺎﻟﻚ آن ﺑﻮده و ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺪون رﺿﺎﻳﺖ ﻛﺘﺒﻲ وزارت ﻧﻔﺖ اﻳﺮان‬
،‫ اﻧﺘﻘﺎل‬،‫ ذﺧﻴﺮه ﺳﺎزي‬،‫ ﺑﻪ ﻫﺮ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻳﺎ وﺳﻴﻠﻪ ازﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﺗﻜﺜﻴﺮ‬،‫از اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬
.‫ﻳﺎ روش دﻳﮕﺮي در اﺧﺘﻴﺎر اﻓﺮاد ﺛﺎﻟﺚ ﻗﺮار ﮔﻴﺮد‬
Feb. 2009 / 1387 ‫ﺑﻬﻤﻦ‬
CONTENTS:
Page
No
IPS-C-CE-200(1)
:‫ﻓﻬﺮﺳﺖ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺐ‬
4 ...................................................... ‫ داﻣﻨﻪ ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد‬-1
1. SCOPE................................................................ 4
4 ............................................................. ‫ ﻣﺮاﺟﻊ‬-2
2. REFERENCES .................................................. 4
8 ................................................ ‫ ﺗﻌﺎرﻳﻒ و واژﮔﺎن‬-3
3. DEFINITIONS AND TERMINOLOGY......... 8
8 .............................................. ‫ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺤﺎت و ﻋﻼﺋﻢ‬-4
4. NOTATIONS & SYMBOLS ............................ 8
8 ............................................................ ‫ واﺣﺪﻫﺎ‬-5
5. UNITS................................................................. 8
8 ............................................................. ‫ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ‬-6
6. MATERIALS ..................................................... 8
8 ................................................... ‫ ﺳﻴﻤﺎن ﻫﺎ‬1-6
6.1 Cements ....................................................... 8
8 ................................................ ‫ ﺳﻨﮕﺪاﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ‬2-6
6.2 Aggregates................................................... 8
11 ........................................................... ‫ آب‬3-6
6.3 Water ........................................................... 11
12 ............................................. ‫ آرﻣﺎﺗﻮرﮔﺬاري‬4-6
6.4 Steel Reinforcement.................................... 12
12 ................................................. ‫ اﻓﺰودﻧﻲﻫﺎ‬5-6
6.5 Admixtures.................................................. 12
14 ............................................. ‫ اﻧﺒﺎرش ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ‬6-6
6.6 Storage of Materials ................................... 14
14 ............................................. ‫ آزﻣﻮن ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ‬7-6
6.7 Test of Materials ......................................... 14
14 ..................................................... ‫ اﻟﺰاﻣﺎت دوام‬-7
7. DURABILITY REQUIREMENTS ................. 14
14 ........................ ‫ ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﻳﺦ زدﮔﻲ و آب ﺷﺪﮔﻲ‬1-7
7.1 Freezing and Thawing Exposures............. 14
15 .............................. ‫ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ در ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﺧﻮردﮔﻲ‬2-7
7. 2 Corrosion Protection ................................. 15
17 ............................. ‫ ﺑﺘﻦ در ﻣﻌﺮض ﺳﻮﻟﻔﺎت ﻫﺎ‬3-7
7.3 Sulfate Exposure......................................... 17
18 .................................... ‫ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ آب ﺑﻪ ﺳﻴﻤﺎن‬4-7
7.4 Water-Cement Ratio .................................. 18
19 ........................................... ‫ ﺑﺘﻦ ﺿﺪ ﺳﺎﻳﺶ‬5-7
7.5 Concrete for Wear Resistance ................... 19
19 .................................................. ‫ ﺑﺘﻦ ﭘﺎﺷﻲ‬6-7
7.6 Shotcrete...................................................... 19
19 ........................... ‫ اﺧﺘﻼط و ﺑﺘﻦ رﻳﺰي‬،‫ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ ﺑﺘﻦ‬-8
8. CONCRETE QUALITY,
MIXING AND PLACING.................................... 19
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IPS-C-CE-200(1)
19 ...................................................... ‫ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ‬1-8
8.1 General ........................................................ 19
20 ...................... ‫ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﻫﺎي اﺧﺘﻼط ﺑﺘﻦ‬2-8
8.2 Selection of Concrete Proportions ............ 20
21 ......................................... ‫ ارزﻳﺎﺑﻲ و ﭘﺬﻳﺮش ﺑﺘﻦ‬-9
9. EVALUATION AND ACCEPTANCE
OF CONCRETE .................................................. 21
21 .............................................. ‫ ﺗﻮاﺗﺮ آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ‬1-9
9.1 Frequency of Testing.................................. 21
21 .................... ‫ ﻋﻤﻞ آوري آزﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻫﻲ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ‬2-9
9.2 Laboratory-Cured Specimens ................... 21
22 ......................... ‫ ﻋﻤﻞ آوري ﻛﺎرﮔﺎﻫﻲ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ‬3-9
9.3 Field-Cured Specimens .............................. 22
22 .. ‫ ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ آزﻣﺎﻳﺸﻬﺎي ﺑﺘﻦ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ‬4-9
9.4 Investigation of Low-Strength Test
Results........................................................... 22
23 .......... ‫ آﻣﺎده ﺳﺎزي ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات و ﻣﺤﻞ ﺑﺘﻦ رﻳﺰي‬5-9
9.5 Preparation of Equipment
and Place of Deposit ......................................... 23
23 ...................................................... ‫ اﺧﺘﻼط‬6-9
9.6 Mixing.......................................................... 23
25 ............................................... ‫ آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺑﺘﻦ‬7-9
9.7 Testing of Concrete..................................... 25
26 ........................ ‫ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ و ﻋﻤﻞ آوري ﺑﺘﻦ‬،‫ ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎﺋﻲ‬-10
10. HANDLING, WORKING AND
CURING OF CONCRETE .................................. 26
26 ................................. ‫ ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎﺋﻲ ﺑﺘﻦ در ﻛﺎرﮔﺎه‬1-10
10.1 Handling of Concrete on Site................... 26
27 ................................................. ‫ ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ ﺑﺘﻦ‬2-10
10.2 Depositing.................................................. 27
27 ........................................ ‫ اﺟﺮاي ﺑﺘﻦ رﻳﺰي‬3-10
10.3 Working of Concrete................................ 27
29 ................................................ ‫ ﻋﻤﻞ آوري‬4-10
10.4 Curing........................................................ 29
37 ................................... ‫ ﺑﺘﻦ رﻳﺰي در زﻳﺮ آب‬5-10
10.5 Concreting Under Water ......................... 37
38 .................................... ‫ ﻣﻼت ﻫﺎ و دوﻏﺎب ﻫﺎ‬6-10
10.6 Mortars and Grouts ................................. 38
38 ......... ‫ ﺗﻌﺒﻴﻪ ﻟﻮﻟﻪﻫﺎ و ﺣﻔﺮهﻫﺎ در ﺳﺎزهﻫﺎي ﺑﺘﻨﻲ‬7-10
10.7 Instulation of Pipes and Holles
In Concrete Structures.................................... 38
38 ...................................................... ‫ ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﺑﻨﺪي‬-11
11. FORMWORK ................................................. 38
38 ........................................ ‫ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺎت ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ‬1-11
11.1 General Considerations............................ 38
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IPS-C-CE-200(1)
39 ......................... ‫ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺎت ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﺑﻨﺪي‬2-11
11.2 Formwork Design Considerations .......... 39
40 .............................................. ‫ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﻗﺎﻟﺐ‬3-11
11.3 Materials for Formwork .......................... 40
41 ...................................‫ ﻣﻮارد ﺳﺎزهاي اﺟﺮاﺋﻲ‬4-11
11.4 Constructional Aspect .............................. 41
44 ... ‫ ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﺑﻨﺪي ﺑﺮاي روﺷﻬﺎي ﺧﺎص ﺳﺎﺧﺖ و اﺟﺮا‬5-11
11.5 Formwork for Special Methods
of Construction ................................................ 44
45 .......... ‫ ﺿﻮاﺑﻂ ﭘﺮداﺧﺖ ﺳﻄﻮح ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﺑﻨﺪي ﺷﺪه‬6-11
11.6 Acceptance of Finishing Formed
Surfaces ..................................................... 45
46 ............................................... ‫ ﻛﻨﺘﺮل ﺗﺮك‬7-11
11.7 Crack Control ........................................... 46
46 .....................(‫ درزﻫﺎي اﺟﺮاﻳﻲ و اﻧﻘﺒﺎﺿﻲ )ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻟﻲ‬-12
12. CONSTRUCTION AND
CONTRACTION (CONTROL) JOINTS ........... 46
46 .......................................... ‫ درزﻫﺎي اﺟﺮاﻳﻲ‬1-12
12.1 Construction Joints .................................. 46
46 ........................... (‫ درزﻫﺎي اﻧﻘﺒﺎﺿﻲ )ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻟﻲ‬2-12
12.2 Contraction (Control) Joints ................... 46
47 ........................................ ‫ ﺟﺰﺋﻴﺎت آرﻣﺎﺗﻮرﺑﻨﺪي‬-13
13. DETAILS OF REINFORCEMENT.............. 47
47 ....................................... ‫ ﻗﻼﺑﻬﺎي اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬1-13
13.1 Standard Hooks ........................................ 47
47 ......................................... ‫ ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﻗﻄﺮ ﺧﻢ‬2-13
13.2 Minimum Bend Diameters....................... 47
48 .................................................‫ ﺧﻢ ﻛﺮدن‬3-13
13.3 Bending...................................................... 48
48 .............................. ‫ ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﺳﻄﻮح آرﻣﺎﺗﻮرﻫﺎ‬4-13
13.4 Surface Conditions of Reinforcement..... 48
48 ............................................. ‫ آرﻣﺎﺗﻮرﺑﻨﺪي‬5-13
13.5 Placing Reinforcement ............................. 48
49 ............... ‫ ﻣﺤﺪودﻳﺘﻬﺎي ﻓﻮاﺻﻞ آرﻣﺎﺗﻮرﮔﺬاري‬6-13
13.6 Spacing Limits for Reinforcement .......... 49
51 .......................... ‫ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺑﺘﻦ روي آرﻣﺎﺗﻮرﻫﺎ‬7-13
13.7 Concrete Protection for Reinforcement . 51
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Feb. 2009 / 1387 ‫ﺑﻬﻤﻦ‬
IPS-C-CE-200(1)
‫ داﻣﻨﻪ ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد‬-1
1. SCOPE
‫ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ اﻟﺰاﻣﺎت ﺑﺮاي ﺳﺎﺧﺖ‬،‫اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﺳﺎﺧﺖ‬
‫ ﭘﻴﺶ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ‬،‫ ﭘﻴﺶ ﺗﻨﻴﺪه‬،‫ ﻣﺴﻠﺢ‬،‫ﺳﺎزهﻫﺎ و اﻋﻀﺎي ﺑﺘﻨﻲ ﺳﺎده‬
.‫و اﻋﻀﺎي ﺑﺘﻨﻲ ﻣﺮﻛﺐ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ﻛﻪ روﺷﻬﺎ و آزﻣﺎﻳﺸﻬﺎي ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ و اﻓﺰودﻧﻲﻫﺎ‬
‫ راﻫﻨﻤﺎﻳﻲ ﻫﺎي ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮي از‬.‫را ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‬
.‫ از ﻣﻨﻈﺮ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ اراﺋﻪ ﺷﺪه اﻧﺪ‬،‫ﺗﺨﺮﻳﺐ ﺑﺘﻦ و ﺧﻮردﮔﻲ ﻓﻮﻻد‬
،‫ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﺷﺎﻣﻞ روش ﻫﺎي ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﺮداري‬
‫ ﺑﺘﻦ رﻳﺰي و ﻋﻤﻞ آوري ﺑﺘﻦ در ﻫﻮاي ﮔﺮم و‬،‫ ﺣﻤﻞ‬،‫اﺧﺘﻼط‬
.‫ﺳﺮد ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
This Construction Standard covers the minimum
technical requirements for construction of plain,
reinforced, prestressed, precast and composite
concrete elements and structures.
It defines methods and tests for material selection
and admixtures. Presents guidelines for
prevention of concrete deterioration and steel
corrosion from constructional view point. It also
includes methods for sampling, mixing,
conveying, placing, curing, hot and cold weather
concreting.
:1 ‫ﻳﺎدآوري‬
Note 1:
‫ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻛﻤﻴﺘﻪ ﻓﻨﻲ‬1377 ‫اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد در آذر ﻣﺎه ﺳﺎل‬
‫ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ و روز آﻣﺪ ﺷﺪ و ﻣﻮارد ﺗﺄﻳﻴﺪ ﺷﺪه ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان‬
.‫ اﺑﻼغ ﮔﺮدﻳﺪ‬174 ‫ ﻃﻲ ﺑﺨﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺷﻤﺎره‬2 ‫اﺻﻼﺣﻴﻪ ﺷﻤﺎره‬
This standard specification is reviewed and
updated by the relevant technical committee on
Dec. 1998, as amendment No. 2 by circular No.
174.
:2 ‫ﻳﺎدآوري‬
Note 2:
‫ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻛﻤﻴﺘﻪ ﻓﻨﻲ‬1384 ‫اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد در ﻣﺮداد ﻣﺎه ﺳﺎل‬
‫ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ و روز آﻣﺪ ﺷﺪ و ﻣﻮارد ﺗﺄﻳﻴﺪ ﺷﺪه ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان‬
.‫ اﺑﻼغ ﮔﺮدﻳﺪ‬261 ‫ ﻃﻲ ﺑﺨﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺷﻤﺎره‬2 ‫اﺻﻼﺣﻴﻪ ﺷﻤﺎره‬
This standard specification is reviewed and
updated by the relevant technical committee on
Aug. 2005, as amendment No. 2 by circular No.
261.
:3 ‫ﻳﺎدآوري‬
Note 3:
‫ ﻧﺴﺨﻪ ﺑﺎزﻧﮕﺮي ﺷﺪه اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻓﻮق‬،‫اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد دو زﺑﺎﻧﻪ‬
‫ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻛﻤﻴﺘﻪ ﻓﻨﻲ‬1387 ‫ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ در ﺑﻬﻤﻦ ﻣﺎه ﺳﺎل‬
‫ از اﻳﻦ‬.‫( اراﻳﻪ ﻣﻲﮔﺮدد‬1) ‫ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ ﺗﺄﻳﻴﺪ و ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان وﻳﺮاﻳﺶ‬
.‫( اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻣﻨﺴﻮخ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬0) ‫ﭘﺲ وﻳﺮاﻳﺶ‬
This bilingual standard is a revised version of the
standard specification by the relevant technical
committee on February 2009, which is issued as
revision (1). Revision (0) of the said standard
specification is withdrawn.
:4 ‫ﻳﺎدآوري‬
Note 4:
‫ ﻣﺘﻦ اﻧﮕﻠﻴﺴﻲ‬،‫در ﺻﻮرت اﺧﺘﻼف ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﺘﻦ ﻓﺎرﺳﻲ و اﻧﮕﻠﻴﺴﻲ‬
.‫ﻣﻼك ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
In case of conflict between Farsi and English
languages, English language shall govern.
‫ ﻣﺮاﺟﻊ‬-2
2. REFERENCES
‫در اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﺑﻪ آﻳﻴﻦ ﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻫﺎ و اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪاردﻫﺎي ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ دار و‬
‫ ﺗﺎ ﺣﺪي ﻛﻪ در‬،‫ اﻳﻦ ﻣﺮاﺟﻊ‬.‫ﺑﺪون ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ زﻳﺮ اﺷﺎره ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ‬
‫ ﺑﺨﺸﻲ از اﻳﻦ‬،‫اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪاﻧﺪ‬
‫ وﻳﺮاﻳﺶ‬،‫ در ﻣﺮاﺟﻊ ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ دار‬.‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻣﺤﺴﻮب ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
‫ﮔﻔﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه ﻣﻼك ﺑﻮده و ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮاﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ از ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ وﻳﺮاﻳﺶ در‬
‫ ﭘﺲ از ﺗﻮاﻓﻖ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻛﺎرﻓﺮﻣﺎ و ﻓﺮوﺷﻨﺪه ﻗﺎﺑﻞ‬،‫آﻧﻬﺎ داده ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ‬
‫ آﺧﺮﻳﻦ وﻳﺮاﻳﺶ آﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﻪ‬،‫ در ﻣﺮاﺟﻊ ﺑﺪون ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ‬.‫اﺟﺮا ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
.‫اﻧﻀﻤﺎم ﻛﻠﻴﻪ اﺻﻼﺣﺎت و ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺖﻫﺎي آن ﻣﻼك ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬
Throughout this Standard the following dated and
undated standards/codes are referred to. These
referenced documents shall, to the extent specified
herein, form a part of this standard. For dated
references, the edition cited applies. The
applicability of changes in dated references that
occur after the cited date shall be mutually agreed
upon by the Company and the Vendor. For
undated references, the latest edition of the
referenced documents (including any supplements
and amendments) applies.
4
Feb. 2009 / 1387 ‫ﺑﻬﻤﻦ‬
IPS-C-CE-200(1)
Note: For clauses of this standard which is
referred to Iranian standards, other relevant
international standards may be superseded by
company.
‫ ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺨﺸﻬﺎﻳﻲ از اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪاردﻫﺎي‬:‫ﻳﺎدآوري‬
ACI (AMERICAN CONCRETE INSTITUTE)
(‫ )ﻣﻮﺳﺴﻪ ﺑﺘﻦ آﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ‬ACI
‫ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪاردﻫﺎي ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﻤﻠﻠﻲ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ‬،‫اﻳﺮان ارﺟﺎع ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ‬
.‫ﻣﻴﺘﻮاﻧﺪ ﺑﻪ وﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﻛﺎرﻓﺮﻣﺎ ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺰﻳﻦ ﺷﻮد‬
‫"ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﺑﺮاي‬
‫رواداريﻫﺎي ﺳﺎﺧﺖ و ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ‬
"‫ﺑﺘﻦ‬
ACI 117-1990
Durable
"‫"راﻫﻨﻤﺎي ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﺑﺘﻦ ﺑﺎدوام‬
ACI 201.2R-01
ACI 212.4R-04
"Guide for the Use of
High-Range
WaterReducing
Admixtures
(Superplasticizers)
in
Concrete"
‫"راﻫﻨﻤﺎي اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از اﻓﺰودﻧﻲﻫﺎي‬
‫ﭘﺮداﻣﻨﻪ ﻛﺎﻫﻨﺪه آب )ﻓﻮق روان‬
"‫ﻛﻨﻨﺪه( در ﺑﺘﻦ‬
ACI 212.4R-04
ACI 224-3R-95
"Joints
in
Construction"
Concrete
"‫"درزﻫﺎ در ﺳﺎزه ﺑﺘﻨﻲ‬
ACI 224-3R-95
ACI 304R-00
"Guide for Measuring,
Mixing, Transporting, and
Placing Concrete"
،‫ اﺧﺘﻼط‬،‫"راﻫﻨﻤﺎي اﻧﺪازه ﮔﻴﺮي‬
"‫ﺣﻤﻞ و ﺑﺘﻦ رﻳﺰي‬
ACI 304R-00
ACI 305R-99
"Hot Weather Concreting"
"‫"ﺑﺘﻦ رﻳﺰي در ﻫﻮاي ﮔﺮم‬
ACI 305R-99
ACI 306R-88
"Cold
Weather
Concreting"
"‫"ﺑﺘﻦ رﻳﺰي در ﻫﻮاي ﺳﺮد‬
ACI 306R-88
ACI 318 M-2005
"Building
Code
Requirements
for
Structural Concrete"
ACI 347-2001
"Guide to Formwork for
Concrete"
ACI 117-1990
"Standard Specification
for
Tolerances
for
Concrete
Construction
and
Materials"
ACI 201.2R-01
"Guide
to
Concrete"
ASTM (AMERICAN
SOCIETY
TESTING AND MATERIALS)
‫ "آﺋﻴﻦ ﻧﺎﻣﻪ اﻟﺰاﻣﺎت ﺳﺎزه ﻫﺎي‬ACI 318 M-2005
"‫ﺑﺘﻨﻲ‬
"‫"راﻫﻨﻤﺎي ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﺑﻨﺪي ﺑﺘﻦ‬
ACI 347-2001
(‫ )اﻧﺠﻤﻦ آزﻣﻮن و ﻣﻮاد آﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ‬ASTM
FOR
ASTM C31/C 31M
"Standard Practice for
Making and Curing
Concrete
Test
Specimens
in
the
Field"
‫"اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﺳﺎﺧﺖ و ﻋﻤﻞ‬
‫آوري ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي آزﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻫﻲ‬
"‫در ﻛﺎرﮔﺎه‬
ASTM C31/C 31M
ASTM C33
"Standard
Specification
for
Concrete Aggregates"
‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬
‫"ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت‬
"‫ﺳﻨﮕﺪاﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﺑﺘﻦ‬
ASTM C33
5
Feb. 2009 / 1387 ‫ﺑﻬﻤﻦ‬
IPS-C-CE-200(1)
ASTM C39/ C 39M
"Standard Test Method
for
Compressive
Strength of Cylindrical
Concrete Specimens"
‫"روش آزﻣﻮن اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﺑﺮاي‬
‫ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﻓﺸﺎري ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي‬
"‫ﺑﺘﻨﻲ اﺳﺘﻮاﻧﻪ اي‬
ASTM C39/C 39M
ASTM C42/ C42M
"Standard
Test
Method for Obtaining
and Testing Drilled
Cores and Sawed
Beams of Concrete"
‫"روش آزﻣﻮن اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﺑﺮاي‬
‫ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﮔﻴﺮي و آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻣﻐﺰهﻫﺎ‬
"‫و ﻗﻄﻌﺎت ﺑﺮﻳﺪه ﺷﺪه از ﺑﺘﻦ‬
ASTM C42/ C42M
ASTM C94/C 94M
"Standard Specification
for
Ready-Mixed
Concrete"
‫"ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﺑﺘﻦ‬
"‫آﻣﺎده‬
ASTM C94/C 94M
ASTM C109/ C 109M "Standard Test Method
for
Compressive
Strength of Hydraulic
Cement Mortars"
‫ "روش آزﻣﻮن اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﺑﺮاي‬ASTM C109/C 109M
‫ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﻓﺸﺎري ﻣﻼتﻫﺎي‬
"‫ﺳﻴﻤﺎن آﺑﻲ‬
ASTM C143/ C 143M "Standard Test Method
for
Slump
of
Hydraulic-Cement
Concrete"
‫"روش آزﻣﻮن اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﺑﺮاي‬ASTM C143/ C 143M
‫اﺳﻼﻣﭗ ﺑﺘﻦﻫﺎي ﺳﻴﻤﺎن‬
"‫آﺑﻲ‬
ASTM C150 REV A
‫ "ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﺳﻴﻤﺎن‬ASTM C150 REV A
"‫ﭘﺮﺗﻠﻨﺪ‬
" Standard
Specification
Portland Cement"
for
‫ "ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻣﻮاد‬ASTM C171 REV A
‫ورﻗﻪاي ﺑﺮاي ﻋﻤﻞ آوري‬
"‫ﺑﺘﻦ‬
ASTM C172
‫"اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﮔﻴﺮي از‬
"‫ﺑﺘﻦ ﺗﺎزه اﺧﺘﻼط ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ‬
ASTM C171 REV A
"Standard Specification
for Sheet Materials for
Curing Concrete"
ASTM C172
"Standard Practice for
Sampling
Freshly
Mixed Concrete"
ASTM C260
"Standard Specification
for
Air-Entraining
Admixtures
for
Concrete"
‫اﺳﺘـﺎﻧﺪارد‬
‫"ﻣﺸﺨﺼــﺎت‬
"‫اﻓﺰودﻧﻲﻫﺎي ﻫﻮاﺳﺎز در ﺑﺘﻦ‬
ASTM C260
ASTM C309
"Standard Specification
for Liquid MembraneForming Compounds
for Curing Concrete"
‫"ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت اﺳﺘـﺎﻧﺪارد ﻣـﻮاد‬
‫ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ دﻫﻨﺪه ﻏﺸﺎء ﻣﺎﻳﻊ‬
"‫ﺑﺮاي ﻋﻤﻞ آوري ﺑﺘﻦ‬
ASTM C309
ASTM C330
"Specification
for
Lightweight
Aggregates
for
Structural Concrete"
‫ﺳﻨﮕﺪاﻧﻪﻫﺎي‬
‫"ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت‬
"‫ﺳﺒﻚ ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺘﻦ ﺳﺎزهاي‬
ASTM C330
‫ "ﻣﺸﺨﺼــــﺎت اﺳﺘـــﺎﻧﺪارد‬ASTM C494/C 494M
"‫اﻓﺰودﻧﻲﻫﺎي ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻲ ﺑﺘﻦ‬
ASTM C494/C 494M "Standard
Specification
for
Chemical Admixtures
for Concrete"
6
Feb. 2009 / 1387 ‫ﺑﻬﻤﻦ‬
IPS-C-CE-200(1)
ASTM C595 REV A
"Standard Specification
for Blended Hydraulic
Cements"
‫ "ﻣﺸﺨﺼــﺎت اﺳﺘــــﺎﻧﺪارد‬ASTM C595 REV A
" ‫ﺳﻴﻤﺎنﻫﺎي آﺑﻲ آﻣﻴﺨﺘﻪ‬
ASTM C618
"Standard Specification
for Coal Fly Ash and
Raw
or
Calcined
Natural Pozzolan for
Use in Concrete"
‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬
‫"ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت‬
‫ﺧﺎﻛﺴﺘﺮ ﺑﺎدي و ﭘﻮزوﻻن‬
‫ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﺗﻜﻠﻴﺲ ﺷﺪه ﻳﺎ ﺧﺎم‬
"‫ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده در ﺑﺘﻦ‬
ASTM C618
ASTM C685/C 685M "Standard Specification
for Concrete Made by
Volumetric Batching
and
Continuous
Mixing"
‫ "ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﺑﺘﻦ‬ASTM C685/C 685M
‫ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺑﭽﻴﻨﮓ و‬
"‫ﻣﺨﻠﻮط ﻛﻦ‬
ASTM C989
"Standard Specification
for Ground Granulated
Blast-Furnace Slag for
Use in Concrete and
Mortars"
‫"ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﺳﺮﺑﺎره‬
‫ﺧﺮد ﺷﺪه ﻛﻮره ﺑﻠﻨﺪ ﺑﺮاي‬
"‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده در ﺑﺘﻦ و ﻣﻼت ﻫﺎ‬
ASTM C989
ASTM C1017
"Standard Specification
for
Chemical
Admixture for Use in
Producing
Flowing
Concrete"
‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬
‫"ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت‬
‫اﻓﺰودﻧﻲﻫﺎي ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻲ ﻣﻮرد‬
"‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده در ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﺑﺘﻦ روان‬
ASTM C1017
ASTM C1218
"Standard Specification
for
Water-Soluble
Chloride in Mortar and
Concrete"
‫"ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﺑﺮاي‬
‫ﻛﻠﺮﻳﺪﻫﺎي ﻣﺤﻠﻮل در آب ﺑﺘﻦ‬
"‫و ﻣﻼت‬
ASTM C1218
(‫ )اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪاردﻫﺎي ﻧﻔﺖ اﻳﺮان‬IPS
IPS (IRANIAN PETROLEUM STANDARDS)
IPS-E-GN-100
"Engineering Standard
for units"
‫"اﺳﺘـــﺎﻧﺪارد ﻣﻬﻨـﺪﺳﻲ ﺑﺮاي‬
"‫واﺣﺪﻫﺎ‬
IPS-E-GN-100
IPS-E-CE-200
"Engineering Standard
for
Concrete
Structures"
‫ﻣﻬﻨــﺪﺳﻲ‬
‫"اﺳﺘـــﺎﻧﺪارد‬
"‫ﺑﺮاي ﺳـﺎزه ﻫﺎي ﺑﺘﻨﻲ‬
IPS-E-CE-200
IPS-E-CE-260
"Engineering Standard
for Fireproofing"
‫ﻣﻬﻨـــﺪﺳﻲ‬
‫"اﺳﺘــﺎﻧﺪارد‬
"‫ﺑﺮاي ﺿﺪ ﺣﺮﻳﻖ ﻛﺮدن‬
IPS-E-CE-260
IPS-M-CE-105(1)
"Material Standard for
Building Materials"
‫ﺑـﺮاي‬
‫"اﺳﺘـﺎﻧﺪارد ﻣﻮاد‬
"‫ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻧﻲ‬
IPS-M-CE-105(1)
MANAGEMENT
ORGANIZATION
Publication no-120
AND
‫ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ و ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ رﻳﺰي‬
PLANNING
– 120 ‫"ﻧﺸــﺮﻳﻪ ﺷﻤﺎره‬
"(‫آﻳﻴﻦ ﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺑﺘﻦ اﻳﺮان )آﺑﺎ‬
"Iranian
National
Concrete Code"
7
Publication no-120
Feb. 2009 / 1387 ‫ﺑﻬﻤﻦ‬
‫ ﺗﻌﺎرﻳﻒ و واژﮔﺎن‬-3
3. DEFINITIONS AND TERMINOLOGY
‫ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻌﺎرﻳﻒ ﻛﻠﻲ ﻋﺒﺎرات اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪه در اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﺑﻪ‬
.‫ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﺷﻮد‬ACI 318 M ‫ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬2 ‫ﻓﺼﻞ‬
For general definition of terms used in this
Standard refer to Chapter 2 of ACI 318 M.
‫ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺤﺎت و ﻋﻼﺋﻢ‬-4
4. NOTATIONS & SYMBOLS
‫ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬B ‫ﺑﺮاي ﻓﻬﺮﺳﺖ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﻋﻼﺋﻢ ﺑﻪ ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺖ‬
‫ ﮔﺰﻳﺪه اي‬،‫ ﻋﻼﺋﻢ و ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺤﺎت زﻳﺮ‬.‫ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‬ACI 318 M
‫از آﻧﻬﺎﺋﻲ اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ در اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﻣﻜﺮر اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪه‬
.‫اﺳﺖ‬
،‫ ﻣﻔﺘﻮل ﻳﺎ ﻛﺎﺑﻠﻬﺎي ﭘﻴﺶ ﺗﻨﻴﺪه‬،‫ = ﻗﻄﺮ اﺳﻤﻲ ﻣﻴﻠﮕﺮد‬d b
‫ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ‬
‫ ﻣﮕﺎ ﭘﺎﺳﻜﺎل)ﻛﻴﻠﻮﮔﺮم ﺑﺮ‬،‫ = ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﻓﺸﺎري ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ‬f c
(‫ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﻤﺘﺮ ﻣﻜﻌﺐ‬
For complete listing of Notations refer to
Appendix B of ACI 318 M. The following
symbols and notations are a selection of
frequently used ones in this Standard.
db
IPS-C-CE-200(1)
= Nominal diameter of bar, wire, or
prestressing strand, mm
f c = Specified compressive strength of concrete,
MPa (kg/cm²).
،‫ = ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﻛﺸﺸﻲ ﺑﺘﻦ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻨﮕﺪاﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﺳﺒﻚ‬f ct
(‫ﻣﮕﺎ ﭘﺎﺳﻜﺎل)ﻛﻴﻠﻮﮔﺮم ﺑﺮ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﻤﺘﺮ ﻣﻜﻌﺐ‬
‫ = ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﻓﺸﺎري ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻴﺎز ﺑﺘﻦ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺒﻨﺎي‬f cr
‫ ﻣﮕﺎ‬،‫اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﻧﺴﺒﺘﻬﺎي اﺧﺘﻼط ﺑﺘﻦ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
(‫ﭘﺎﺳﻜﺎل)ﻛﻴﻠﻮﮔﺮم ﺑﺮ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﻤﺘﺮ ﻣﻜﻌﺐ‬
f ct = Average splitting tensile strength of lightweight aggregate concrete, MPa (kg/cm²).
 = Required average compressive strength of
f cr
concrete used as the basis for selection of
concrete proportions, MPa (kg/cm²).
‫ واﺣﺪﻫﺎ‬-5
5. UNITS
‫ ﻣﻨﻄﺒﻖ‬،(SI) ‫ ﺑﺮﻣﺒﻨﺎي ﻧﻈﺎم ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﻤﻠﻠﻲ واﺣﺪﻫﺎ‬،‫اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬
‫ ﻣﮕﺮ آﻧﻜﻪ در ﻣﺘﻦ‬،‫ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬IPS-E-GN-100 ‫ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬
.‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﺑﻪ واﺣﺪ دﻳﮕﺮي اﺷﺎره ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
This standard is based on International System of
Units (SI), as per IPS-E-GN-100 except where
otherwise specified.
‫ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ‬-6
6. MATERIALS
‫ ﺳﻴﻤﺎن ﻫﺎ‬1-6
6.1 Cements
6.1.1 Cement shall conform to the following
specifications for Portland cement:
‫ ﺳﻴﻤﺎن ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت ﺳﻴﻤﺎن ﭘﺮﺗﻠﻨﺪ ﺑﺸﺮح زﻳﺮ‬1-1-6
a) "Standard Specification for Portland Cement"
(ASTM C 150).
(ASTM C 150) "‫اﻟﻒ( "ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﺳﻴﻤﺎن ﭘﺮﺗﻠﻨﺪ‬
6.1.2 Cement used in the work shall correspond to
that on which selection of concrete proportions
was based.
‫ ﺳﻴﻤﺎن ﻣﺼﺮﻓﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺎ ﻧﺴﺒﺘﻬﺎي اﺧﺘﻼط ﺑﺘﻦ ﺗﻄﺎﺑﻖ‬2-1-6
6.1.3 Fly Ash or other pozzolans shall conform to
ASTM C 618 "Standard Specification for Coal
Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined Natural Pozzolan
for Use in Concrete" For more information about
other kinds of pozzolans see Iranian national
concrete code publication no-120 of management
and planning organization part 3-6-4-2.
‫ ﺧﺎﻛﺴﺘﺮ ﺑﺎدي و ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﭘﻮزوﻻﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬3-1-6
‫ "ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﺧﺎﻛﺴﺘﺮ ﺑﺎدي و‬ASTM C 618
"‫ﭘﻮزوﻻن ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﺗﻜﻠﻴﺲ ﺷﺪه و ﻳﺎ ﺧﺎم ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده در ﺑﺘﻦ‬
‫ ﺑﺮاي اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ در ﻣﻮرد ﺳﺎﻳﺮ اﻧﻮاع‬.‫ﺗﻄﺎﺑﻖ داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ و ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ رﻳﺰي‬120 ‫ﭘﻮزوﻻﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺸﺮﻳﻪ ﺷﻤﺎره‬
.‫ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﺷﻮد‬2-4-6-3 ‫ﻛﺸﻮر "آﺋﻴﻦﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺑﺘﻦ اﻳﺮان" ﺑﺨﺶ‬
‫ ﺳﻨﮕﺪاﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ‬2-6
.‫ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻘﺖ داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
.‫داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
6.2 Aggregates
‫ ﺳﻨﮕﺪاﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﺑﺘﻦ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺎ ﻳﻜﻲ از ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪﻫﺎي زﻳﺮ‬1-2-6
6.2.1 Concrete aggregates shall conform to one of
the following specifications:
:‫ﺗﻄﺎﺑﻖ داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬
8
Feb. 2009 / 1387 ‫ﺑﻬﻤﻦ‬
a) Standard Specification
Aggregates (ASTM C 33).
for
IPS-C-CE-200(1)
‫اﻟﻒ( ﻣﺸﺨﺼــﺎت اﺳﺘـــﺎﻧﺪارد ﺳﻨﮕﺪاﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﺑﺘﻦ‬
Concrete
.(ASTM C 33)
b) Standard Specification for Lightweight
Aggregates for Structural Concrete (ASTM C
330).
‫ب( ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﺳﻨﮕﺪاﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﺳﺒﻚ ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬
c) Gradation of fine aggregates and coarse
aggregates shall be within the limit mentioned
in Tables 1 and 2.
‫ج( داﻧﻪ ﺑﻨﺪي ﺳﻨﮕﺪاﻧﻪﻫﺎي رﻳﺰ و درﺷﺖ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ در‬
.(ASTM C 330) ‫در ﺑﺘﻦ ﺳﺎزهاي‬
.‫ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬2 ‫ و‬1 ‫ﻣﺤﺪودهﻫﺎي ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﺪه در ﺟﺪاول‬
‫ ﺳﻨﮕﺪاﻧﻪﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ و دوام ﻛﺎﻓﻲ آﻧﻬﺎ‬:‫ﻣﻮارد اﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎء‬
Exception: Aggregates which have been shown
by special test or actual service to produce
concrete of adequate strength and durability and
approved by the AR*.
‫ﺗﻮﺳﻂ آزﻣﺎﻳﺸﻬﺎي ﺧﺎص ﻳﺎ در ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد واﻗﻌﻲ ﻧﺸﺎن داده ﺷﺪه و‬
.‫ﺑﻪ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺐ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪه ﻛﺎرﻓﺮﻣﺎ رﺳﻴﺪه اﻧﺪ‬
* AR AUTHORIZED REPRESENTATIVE OF
THE OWNER
TABLE 1 - GRADING REQUIREMENTS FOR FINE AGGREGATES
‫ اﻟﺰاﻣﺎت داﻧﻪ ﺑﻨﺪي ﺑﺮاي ﺳﻨﮕﺪاﻧﻪﻫﺎي رﻳﺰ‬-1 ‫ﺟﺪول‬
SIEVE (SPECIFICATION E 11)
PERCENT PASSING
(E 11 ‫اﻧﺪازه اﻟﻚ )ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت‬
‫درﺻﺪ ﻋﺒﻮري‬
9.5-mm (⅜-in)
4.75-mm(No. 4)
2.36-mm(No. 8)
1.18-mm(No. 16)
600-μm (No. 30)
300-μm (No. 50)
150-μm (No. 100)
95
80
50
25
5
0
9
100
to 100
to 100
to 85
to 60
to 30
to 10
----
10
4.75 to 1.18mm
(No. 4 to No. 16)
9A
----
----
----
----
----
----
----
----
----
----
----
----
----
----
100
----
(3 in.)
75mm
63mm
----
----
----
----
----
----
----
----
----
----
----
100
100
90 to 100
25 to 60
(2½ in.)
----
----
----
----
----
----
----
----
----
100
100
95 to 100
90 to 100
35 to 70
----
(2 in.)
50mm
----
----
----
----
----
----
100
100
100
95 to 100
90 to 100
----
35 to 70
0 to 15
0 to 15
(1½ in.)
37.5mm
----
----
----
----
100
100
95 to 100
90 to 100
90 to 100
----
20 to 55
35 to 70
0 to 15
----
----
(1 in.)
25.0mm
----
----
----
100
90 to 100
90 to 100
----
40 to 85
20 to 55
35 to 70
0 to 15
----
----
0 to 5
0 to 5
(¾ in.)
19.0mm
----
100
100
90 to 100
----
20 to 55
25 to 60
10 to 40
0 to 10
----
----
10 to 30
0 to 5
----
----
(½ in.)
12.5mm
100
90 to 100
85 to 100
40 to 70
20 to 55
0 to 15
----
0 to 15
0 to 5
10 to 30
0 to 5
----
----
----
----
(⅜ in.)
9.5mm
‫ درﺻﺪ وزﻧﻲ‬،(‫ﻣﻘﺎدﻳﺮ رﻳﺰﺗﺮ از ﻫﺮ اﻟﻚ آزﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻫﻲ )ﺑﺎ ﺳﻮراخ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺮﺑﻌﻲ‬
Amounts Finer than Each Laboratory Sieve (Square-Openings), Mass Percent
85 to 100
20 to 55
10 to 30
0 to 15
0 to 10
0 to 5
0 to 10
0 to 5
----
0 to 5
----
0 to 5
----
----
----
(No.4)
4.75mm
10 to 40
5 to 30
0 to 10
0 to 5
0 to 5
----
0 to 5
----
----
----
----
----
----
----
----
(No.8)
2.36mm
0 to 10
0 to 10
0 to 5
----
----
----
----
----
----
----
----
----
----
----
----
(No.16)
1.18mm
300μm
0 to 5
0 to 5
----
----
----
----
----
----
----
----
----
----
----
----
----
(No.50)
A
Size number 9 aggregate is defined in Terminology C 125 as a fine aggregate. It is included as a coarse aggregate when it is combined with a size number 8 material to create a size number 89, which is a coarse aggregate as
defined by terminology.
.‫ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺳﻨﮕﺪاﻧﻪﻫﺎي درﺷﺖ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‬،‫ )ﻛﻪ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ واژﮔﺎن ﺳﻨﮕﺪاﻧﻪ درﺷﺖ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ( ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺷﻮد‬89 ‫ ( ﻣﺨﻠﻮط ﻣﻲﺷﻮد ﺗﺎ اﻧﺪازه‬8 )‫ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ اﻧﺪازه‬.‫ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﺳﻨﮕﺪاﻧﻪ رﻳﺰ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ‬C125 ‫ در واژﮔﺎن‬9 ‫ ﺳﻨﮕﺪاﻧﻪﻫﺎي اﻧﺪازه‬.A
----
----
----
9.5 to 1.18mm
(⅜ in. to No. 16)
89
----
----
9.5 to 2.36mm
(⅜ in. to No. 8)
8
----
----
12.5 to 4.75mm
(½ in. to No. 4)
7
----
19.0 to 4.75mm
(¾ in. to No. 4)
67
----
19.0 to 9.5mm
(¾ to ⅜ in.)
6
----
25.0 to 4.75mm
(1 in. to No. 4)
57
----
----
----
25.0 to 9.5mm
(1 to ⅜ in.)
56
----
----
25.0 to 12.5mm
(1 to ½ in.)
5
----
----
37.5 to 4.75mm
(1½ in. to No. 4)
467
----
----
37.5 to 19.0mm
(1½ to ¾ in.)
----
4
----
----
50 to 4.75mm
(2 in. to No.4)
357
----
----
----
----
90 to 100
(4 in.)
100
90mm
(3½ in.)
100mm
50 to 25.0mm
(2 to 1 in.)
63 to 37.5mm
(2½ to 1½ in.)
90 to 37.5mm
(3½ to 1½ in.)
Nominal Size
(Sieves with
Square Openings)
‫اﻧﺪازه اﺳﻤﻲ )اﻟﻜﻬﺎي ﺑﺎ‬
(‫ﺳﻮراﺧﻬﺎي ﻣﺮﺑﻌﻲ‬
3
2
1
Size
Number
‫اﻧﺪازه‬
‫اﺳﻤﻲ‬
Feb. 2009 / 1387 ‫ﺑﻬﻤﻦ‬
IPS-C-CE-200(1)
TABLE 2 - GRADING REQUIREMENTS FOR COARSE AGGREGATES
‫ اﻟﺰاﻣﺎت داﻧﻪ ﺑﻨﺪي ﺑﺮاي ﺳﻨﮕﺪاﻧﻪﻫﺎي درﺷﺖ‬-2 ‫ﺟﺪول‬
Feb. 2009 / 1387 ‫ﺑﻬﻤﻦ‬
IPS-C-CE-200(1)
‫ ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ اﻧﺪازه اﺳﻤﻲ ﺳﻨﮕﺪاﻧﻪﻫﺎي درﺷﺖ ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ‬2-2-6
6.2.2 Nominal maximum size of coarse aggregate
shall be not larger than:
:‫ﺑﺰرﮔﺘﺮ از ﻣﻘﺎدﻳﺮ زﻳﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫اﻟﻒ( ﻳﻚ ﭘﻨﺠﻢ ﺑﺎرﻳﻜﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻟﺒﻪﻫﺎي ﻗﺎﻟﺐ؛‬
a) 1/5 the narrowest dimension between sides
of forms, nor;
‫ب( ﻳﻚ ﺳﻮم ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ داﻟﻬﺎ؛‬
b) 1/3 the depth of slabs, nor;
‫ج( ﺳﻪ ﭼﻬﺎرم ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ آزاد ﺑﻴﻦ ﻫﺮﻳﻚ از آرﻣﺎﺗﻮرﻫﺎ‬
c) 3/4 the minimum clear spacing between
individual reinforcing bars or wires, bundles of
bars, or prestressing tendons or ducts.
‫ ﮔﺮوه ﻣﻴﻠﮕﺮدﻫﺎ ﻳﺎ ﻛﺎﺑﻠﻬﺎي ﭘﻴﺶ ﺗﻨﻴﺪه و ﻳﺎ‬،‫ﻳﺎ ﻣﻔﺘﻮلﻫﺎ‬
.‫ﻣﺠﺮاﻫﺎ‬
‫ ﻛﺎراﺋﻲ و روش ﺗﺮاﻛﻢ ﺑﺘﻦ ﺑﻨﺤﻮي‬،‫ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﻛﺎرﻓﺮﻣﺎ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺘﻦ رﻳﺰي ﺑﺘﻮاﻧﺪ ﺑﺪون ﻛﺮﻣﻮﺷﺪﮔﻲ ﻳﺎ ﺣﻔﺮه دارﺷﺪن‬
.‫ اﻳﻦ ﻣﺤﺪودﻳﺘﻬﺎ رﻋﺎﻳﺖ ﻧﺨﻮاﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ‬،‫اﺟﺮا ﺷﻮد‬
These limitations shall not apply if, in the
judgment of the AR, workability and methods of
consolidation are such that concrete can be placed
without honeycomb or voids.
‫ درﻣﻮاردﻳﻜﻪ ﺳﻨﮕﺪاﻧﻪﻫﺎ از ﻧﻮع واﻛﻨﺶ ﭘﺬﻳﺮ در ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ‬3-2-6
6.2.3 Where aggregates are alkali-reactive, impose
restrictions on materials to minimize deterioration.
‫ ﻣﺤﺪودﻳﺖ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از آﻧﻬﺎ ﺟﻬﺖ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺗﺨﺮﻳﺐ‬،‫ﻗﻠﻴﺎﻫﺎ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‬
.‫ﺑﺘﻦ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ اﻋﻤﺎل ﺷﻮد‬
‫ آب‬3-6
6.3 Water
‫ آب ﻣﺼﺮﻓﻲ در ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﺑﺘﻦ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﻤﻴﺰ و ﻓﺎﻗﺪ ﻣﻮاد ﻣﻀﺮ‬1-3-6
6.3.1 Water used in mixing concrete shall be clean
and free from injurious amounts of oils, acids,
alkalis, salts, organic materials, or other
substances that may be deleterious to concrete or
reinforcement.
‫ ﻣﻮاد آﻟﻲ ﻳﺎ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻣﻮاد ﻛﻪ‬،‫ ﻧﻤﻜﻬﺎ‬،‫ ﻗﻠﻴﺎﻫﺎ‬،‫ اﺳﻴﺪﻫﺎ‬،‫ روﻏﻨﻬﺎ‬:‫ﻧﻈﻴﺮ‬
.‫ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬،‫ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺘﻦ ﻳﺎ آرﻣﺎﺗﻮر ﻣﺨﺮّب اﻧﺪ‬
‫ آب ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺘﻦ ﭘﻴﺶ ﺗﻨﻴﺪه ﻳــﺎ ﺑﺮاي‬2-3-6
6.3.2 Mixing water for pre-stressed concrete or for
concrete that will contain aluminum embedment,
including that portion of mixing water contributed
in the form of free moisture on aggregates, shall
not contain deleterious amounts of chloride ion.
‫ از ﺟﻤﻠﻪ‬،‫ﺑﺘﻨﻬﺎي ﻫﻤﺮاه ﺑﺎ ﻗﻄﻌﺎت ﻛﺎرﮔﺬاري ﺷﺪه آﻟﻮﻣﻴﻨﻴﻮﻣﻲ‬
‫رﻃﻮﺑﺖ روي ﺳﻨﮕﺪاﻧﻪﻫﺎ ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻘﺎدﻳﺮ زﻳﺎن آور ﻳـﻮن ﻛﻠﺮ‬
.‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ آب ﻏﻴﺮآﺷﺎﻣﻴﺪﻧﻲ ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺑﺘﻦ ﺑﻜﺎر رود ﻣﮕﺮ‬3-3-6
6.3.3 Non-potable water shall not be used in
concrete unless the following are satisfied:
:‫اﻳﻦ ﻛﻪ ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ زﻳﺮ ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ ﺷﻮد‬
a) Selection of concrete proportions shall be
based on concrete mixes using water from the
same source.
‫اﻟﻒ( اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﻧﺴﺒﺘﻬﺎي اﺧﺘﻼط ﺑﺮاي ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﺑﺘﻦ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺮ‬
b) Mortar test cubes made with non-potable
mixing water shall have 7-day and 28-day
strengths equal to at least 90 percent of
strengths of similar specimens made with
potable water. Strength test comparison shall
be made on mortars, identical except for the
mixing water, prepared and tested in
accordance with "Standard Test Method for
Compressive Strength of Hydraulic Cement
Mortars (Using 50-mm Cube Specimens)"
(ASTM C 109).
‫ب( ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻣﻜﻌﺒﻲ ﻣﻼت ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ آب‬
.‫اﺳﺎس ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻃﻬﺎي ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻫﻤﺎن آب ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ درﺻﺪ‬90 ‫ﻏﻴﺮآﺷﺎﻣﻴﺪﻧﻲ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﺷﺪهاﻧﺪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ داراي ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ‬
‫ روزه ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه از‬28 ‫ روزه و‬7 ‫ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ‬
‫ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺮاي‬.‫آب آﺷﺎﻣﻴﺪﻧﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬
‫ﺗﻤﺎم ﻣﻼتﻫﺎ ﺑﺼﻮرت ﻳﻜﺴﺎن ﺻﻮرت ﮔﻴﺮد ﺑﻪ ﺟﺰ در ﻣﻮرد‬
‫آب اﺧﺘﻼط ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس "روش آزﻣﻮن اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ‬
‫ﻓﺸﺎري ﻣﻼﺗﻬﺎي ﺳﻴﻤﺎن آﺑﻲ )ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي‬
.(ASTM C 109) "(‫ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮي اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﻮد‬50 ‫ﻣﻜﻌﺒﻲ‬
.‫آﻣﺎده و آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
.‫ آب درﻳﺎ ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان آب اﺧﺘﻼط اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﻮد‬4-3-6
6.3.4 Sea water shall not be used as mixing water.
11
Feb. 2009 / 1387 ‫ﺑﻬﻤﻦ‬
IPS-C-CE-200(1)
‫ آرﻣﺎﺗﻮرﮔﺬاري‬4-6
6.4 Steel Reinforcement
‫ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺤﺎت ﻛﻠﻲ و روش ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد آرﻣﺎﺗﻮر در ﺑﺘﻦ ﻣﺴﻠﺢ ﺑــﻪ‬
.‫ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﺷﻮد‬ACI-318M ‫ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬3.5 ‫ﻗﺴﻤﺖ‬
For general description and method of use of
concrete reinforcement refer to Section 3.5 of
ACI-318M.
‫ اﻓﺰودﻧﻲﻫﺎ‬5-6
6.5 Admixtures
6.5.1 An admixture shall be capable of
maintaining essentially the same composition and
performance throughout the work as the product
used in establishing concrete proportions in
accordance with Clause 5.2 ACI 318M.
‫ درﻣﻮاردﻳﻜﻪ اﻓﺰودﻧﻲ در ﺑﺘﻦ ﺑﺎ ﻧﺴﺒﺘﻬﺎي اﺧﺘﻼط‬1-5-6
6.5.2 Admixtures to be used in concrete shall be
subject to written approval of AR.
‫ اﻓﺰودﻧﻲﻫﺎي ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده در ﺑﺘﻦ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺄﻳﻴﺪ ﻛﺘﺒﻲ‬2-5-6
6.5.3 Air-entraining admixtures shall conform to
ASTM C 260, "Standard Specification for AirEntraining Admixtures for Concrete".
ASTM C 260 ‫ اﻓﺰودﻧﻲﻫﺎي ﻫﻮاﺳﺎز ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ‬3-5-6
6.5.4 Water-reducing admixtures, retarding
admixtures, accelerating admixtures; water
reducing and retarding admixtures and water
reducing and accelerating admixtures shall
conform to ASTM C 494, "Standard Specification
for Chemical Admixtures for Concrete".
‫ ﺗﻨﺪﮔﻴﺮ‬،‫ ﻛﻨﺪﮔﻴﺮ ﻛﻨﻨﺪهﻫﺎ‬،‫ اﻓﺰودﻧﻲﻫﺎي ﻛﺎﻫﻨﺪه آب‬4-5-6
6.5.5 Fly Ash or other pozzolans used as
admixtures shall conform to ASTM C 618,
"Standard Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw
or Calcined Natural Pozzolan for Use in Concrete"
For more information about other kinds of
pozzolans see Iranian national concrete code
publication no-120 of management and planning
organization part 3-6-4-2.
‫ ﺧﺎﻛﺴﺘﺮ ﺑﺎدي و ﻳﺎ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﭘﻮزوﻻن ﻫﺎي ﻣﺼﺮﻓﻲ ﺑﻌﻨﻮان‬5-5-6
6.5.6 Ground granulated blast-furnace slag used as
an admixture shall conform to "Standard
Specification for Ground Granulated BlastFurnace Slag for Use in Concrete and Mortars"
(ASTM C 989).
‫ ﺳﺮﺑﺎره ﺧﺮد ﺷﺪه ﻛﻮره ﺑﻠﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان اﻓﺰودﻧﻲ در‬6-5-6
ً‫ ﺿﺮورﺗﺎ‬،‫ ﺑﻜﺎر ﻣﻲرود‬ACI 318M ‫ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬5.2 ‫ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﺑﻨﺪ‬
.‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ﺣﻔﻆ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ و ﻛﺎراﻳﻲ اوﻟﻴﻪ را داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
.‫ﻛﺎرﻓﺮﻣﺎ ﺑﺮﺳﻨﺪ‬
.‫"ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﺑﺮاي اﻓﺰودﻧﻲﻫﺎي ﻫﻮاﺳﺎز ﺑﺘﻦ" ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ ﻛﺎﻫﻨﺪه آب و‬،‫ ﻛﺎﻫﻨﺪه آب و ﻛﻨﺪﮔﻴﺮﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﻫﺎ‬،‫ﻛﻨﻨﺪهﻫﺎ‬
‫ "ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت‬ASTM C 494 ‫ﺗﻨﺪﮔﻴﺮﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس‬
.‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد اﻓﺰودﻧﻲﻫﺎي ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻲ ﺑﺘﻦ" ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬
‫ "ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬ASTM C 618 ‫اﻓﺰودﻧﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﺑﺎ‬
‫ﺧﺎﻛﺴﺘﺮ ﺑﺎدي و ﭘﻮزوﻻﻧﻬﺎي ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﺗﻜﻠﻴﺲ ﺷﺪه ﻳﺎ ﺧﺎم ﻣﻮرد‬
‫ ﺑﺮاي اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ در ﻣﻮرد ﺳﺎﻳﺮ‬.‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده در ﺑﺘﻦ" ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬
‫ ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ و ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ رﻳﺰي‬120 ‫اﻧﻮاع ﭘﻮزوﻻن ﺑﻪ ﻧﺸﺮﻳﻪ‬
.‫ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﺷﻮد‬2-4-6-3 ‫ﺑﺨﺶ‬
(ASTM C 989) ‫ﺑﺘﻦ ﺑﻜﺎر ﻣﻲرود ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻃﺒﻖ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬
‫"ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﺑﺮاي ﺳﺮﺑﺎره ﺧﺮدﺷﺪه ﻛﻮره ﺑﻠﻨﺪ ﺑﺮاي‬
.‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده در ﺑﺘﻦ و ﻣﻼت ﻫﺎ" ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ اﻧﻮاع اﻓﺰودﻧﻲﻫﺎي ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺘﻦ ﺑﺮاي ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ اﺛﺮات ﻣﻮرد‬7-5-6
6.5.7 The types of admixtures suitable for use in
concrete to obtain the desired effect are listed in
Table 3.
.‫ اراﺋﻪ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ‬3 ‫ در ﺟﺪول‬،‫ﻧﻈﺮ‬
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IPS-C-CE-200(1)
TABLE 3- ADMIXTURES BY CLASSIFICATION
‫ ﻃﺒﻘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪي اﻓﺰودﻧﻲ ﻫﺎ‬-3 ‫ﺟﺪول‬
Air-entraining admixtures
‫اﻓﺰودﻧﻲﻫﺎي ﻫﻮاﺳﺎز‬
Accelerating admixtures;
‫اﻓﺰودﻧﻲﻫﺎي ﺗﻨﺪﮔﻴﺮﻛﻨﻨﺪه‬
ASTM C 494 Type C
‫اﻓﺰودﻧﻲﻫﺎي ﻛﺎﻫﻨﺪه آب‬
ASTM C 494 Type A
‫اﻓﺰودﻧﻲﻫﺎي ﻛﻨﺪﮔﻴﺮ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه‬
ASTM C 494 Type B
Water-reducing admixtures;
Retarding admixtures
Water-reducing and retarding admixtures;
‫اﻓﺰودﻧﻲﻫﺎي ﻛﺎﻫﻨﺪه آب و ﻛﻨﺪﮔﻴﺮ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه‬
Water-reducing and accelerating admixtures
‫اﻓﺰودﻧﻲﻫﺎي ﻛﺎﻫﻨﺪه آب و ﺗﻨﺪﮔﻴﺮ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه‬
Water-reducing, high-range admixtures
‫اﻓﺰودﻧﻲﻫﺎي ﭘﺮداﻣﻨﻪ ﻛﺎﻫﻨﺪه آب‬
Water-reducing, high-range, and retarding admixtures.
‫اﻓﺰودﻧﻲﻫﺎي ﭘﺮداﻣﻨﻪ ﻛﺎﻫﻨﺪه آب و ﻛﻨﺪﮔﻴﺮ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه‬
Admixtures for flowing concrete
ASTM C 260, AASHTO M 154;
‫اﻓﺰودﻧﻲﻫﺎي روان ﻛﻨﻨﺪه‬
ASTM C 494 Type D
ASTM C 494 Type E
ASTM C 494 Type F
ASTM C 494 Type G
ASTM C 1017, Type I or Type II
(retarding ):
Miscellaneous admixtures:
:‫اﻓﺰودﻧﻲﻫﺎي ﻣﺘﻔﺮﻗﻪ‬
ACI 212 section 6.
Gas-forming admixtures
‫اﻓﺰودﻧﻲﻫﺎي ﮔﺎز ﺳﺎز‬
Section 6.1
(‫اﻓﺰودﻧﻲﻫﺎي ﺗﺰرﻳﻘﻲ)ﮔﺮوت‬
Section 6.2
‫اﻓﺰودﻧﻲﻫﺎي ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﮔﻴﺮش‬
Section 6.3
‫اﻓﺰودﻧﻲﻫﺎي ﭘﻴﻮﻧﺪ ﺳﺎز‬
Section 6.4
Grouting admixt
Extended set-control admixtures
Bonding admixtures
Pumping aids
‫ اﻓﺰودﻧﻲﻫﺎي ﺗﺴﻬﻴﻞ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﭘﻤﭙﺎژ‬Section 6.5
Pigments(To produce colors)
Permeability-reducing admixtures
(‫رﻧﮕﺪاﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ )ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺘﻦ رﻧﮕﻲ‬
Section 6.6
‫اﻓﺰودﻧﻲﻫﺎي آب ﺑﻨﺪﻛﻨﻨﺪه‬
Section 6.9
Chemical admixtures to reduce alkali-aggregate reaction expansion
‫اﻓﺰودﻧﻲﻫﺎي ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻲ ﺑﺮاي ﻛﺎﻫﺶ واﻛﻨﺶ ﻗﻠﻴﺎﺋﻲ ﺳﻨﮕﺪاﻧﻪﻫﺎ‬
Corrosion-inhibiting admixtures
Antiwashout admixtures
Freeze-resistant admixtures
Section 6.10
‫اﻓﺰودﻧﻲﻫﺎي ﺿﺪﺧﻮردﮔﻲ‬
Section 6.11
‫اﻓﺰودﻧﻲﻫﺎي ﺿﺪ آب ﺷﺴﺘﮕﻲ‬
Section 6.12
‫اﻓﺰودﻧﻲﻫﺎي ﺿﺪ ﻳﺦ زدﮔﻲ‬
Section 6.13
13
Feb. 2009 / 1387 ‫ﺑﻬﻤﻦ‬
IPS-C-CE-200(1)
‫ اﻧﺒﺎرش ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ‬6-6
6.6 Storage of Materials
6.6.1 Cement and aggregates shall be stored in
such manner as to prevent deterioration or
intrusion of foreign matter.
‫ ﺳﻴﻤﺎن و ﺳﻨﮕﺪاﻧﻪﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻃﻮري اﻧﺒﺎر ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ از‬1-6-6
6.6.2 Any material that has deteriorated or has
been contaminated shall not be used for concrete.
‫ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺤﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺧﺮاب ﻳﺎ آﻟﻮده ﺷﺪه ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ در ﺑﺘﻦ ﺑﻜﺎر‬2-6-6
.‫ﺧﺮاب ﺷﺪن و اﺧﺘﻼط ﺑﺎ ﻣﻮاد ﺧﺎرﺟﻲ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮي ﺑﻌﻤﻞ آﻳﺪ‬
.‫رود‬
‫ آزﻣﻮن ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ‬7-6
6.7 Test of Materials
‫ آزﻣﻮﻧﻬﺎي آرﻣﺎﺗﻮرﻫﺎي ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده در ﺑﺘﻦ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬1-7-6
6.7.1 Tests of reinforcing materials and of
concrete shall be made in accordance with
standards listed in Clause 3.8 of ACI 318 M
‫ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬3.8 ‫ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪاردﻫﺎي ﺑﻴﺎن ﺷﺪه در ﺑﻨﺪ‬
.‫ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﻮد‬ACI 318 M
7. DURABILITY REQUIREMENTS
‫ اﻟﺰاﻣﺎت دوام‬-7
7.1 Freezing and Thawing Exposures
‫ ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﻳﺦ زدﮔﻲ و آب ﺷﺪﮔﻲ‬1-7
‫ ﺑﺘﻨﻬﺎي ﺳﺒﻚ و ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻟﻲ در ﻣﻌﺮض ﻳﺦزدﮔﻲ و‬1-1-7
7.1.1 Normal weight and lightweight concrete
exposed to freezing and thawing or deicing
chemicals shall be air entrained with air content
indicated in Table 4. Tolerance on air content as
delivered shall be ±1.5 percent. For specified
compressive strength f c greater than 35 MPa, air
content indicated in Table 4 may be reduced 1
percent.
‫آبﺷﺪﮔﻲ و ﻳﺎ ﻣﻮاد ﻳﺦ زدا ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻫﻮاي وارد ﺷﺪه‬
‫ ﺑﺎ رواداري‬4 ‫ ﻫﻮاي آﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس ﺟﺪول‬.‫ﻣﺤﺎﻓﻈﺖ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
‫ در ﻣﻮاردﻳﻜﻪ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﻓﺸﺎري ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ‬.‫ درﺻﺪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬±1 / 5
‫ ﻣﮕﺎﭘﺎﺳﻜﺎل ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻣﻘﺪار ﻫﻮاي ﺑﻴﺎن ﺷﺪه در‬35 ‫ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ از‬f c
.‫ درﺻﺪ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻳﺎﺑﺪ‬1 ‫ ﻣﻲﺗﻮاﻧﺪ‬4 ‫ﺟﺪول‬
TABLE 4 - TOTAL AIR CONTENT FOR FROST - RESISTANT CONCRETE
‫ ﻣﻘﺪار ﻛﻞ ﻫﻮاي ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻴﺎز ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺘﻦ ﻣﻘﺎوم در ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﻳﺨﺒﻨﺪان‬-4 ‫ﺟﺪول‬
AIR CONTENT, PERCENT
‫درﺻﺪ ﻫﻮاي ﻣﻮﺟﻮد‬
NOMINAL MAXIMUM
AGGREGATE SIZE, mm(1)
(1)
SEVERE
MODERATE
EXPOSURE
EXPOSURE
‫ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ ﺷﺪﻳﺪ‬
‫ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ‬
9.5
7½
6
12.5
7
5½
19.0
6
5
25.0
6
4½
37.5
‫ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ ﻗﻄﺮ اﺳﻤﻲ ﺳﻨﮕﺪاﻧﻪﻫﺎ‬
5½
4½
50
2)
5
4
75
2)
4½
3½
14
Feb. 2009 / 1387 ‫ﺑﻬﻤﻦ‬
IPS-C-CE-200(1)
1) See ASTM C33 for tolerances on oversize
for
various
nominal
maximum
size
designations.
‫( ﺑﺮاي روادارﻳﻬﺎي اﻧﺪازهﻫﺎي ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ از ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ اﻧﺪازهﻫﺎي‬1
2) These air contents apply to total mix, as for
the preceding aggregate sizes. When testing
these concretes, however, aggregate larger than
37.5 mm is removed by hand-picking or
sieving and air content is determined on the
minus 37.5 mm fraction of mix, (Tolerance on
air content as delivered applies to this value)
Air content of total mix is computed from
value determined on the minus 37.5 mm
fraction.
‫( اﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺎدﻳﺮ ﻫﻮا ﺑﻪ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺨﻠﻮط ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ اﻧﺪازه‬2
.‫ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﺷﻮد‬ASTM C33 ‫اﺳﻤﻲ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ ﺑﺎ اﻳﻦ ﺣﺎل در ﻣﻮارد‬.‫ﺳﻨﮕﺪاﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﻗﺒﻠﻲ اﻋﻤﺎل ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‬
37 / 5 ‫ ﺳﻨﮕﺪاﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﺑﺰرﮔﺘﺮ از‬،‫آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ اﻳﻨﮕﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﺘﻨﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ ﺑﺼﻮرت دﺳﺘﻲ ﻳﺎ ﺑﺎ اﻟﻚ ﻛﺮدن ﺟﺪا ﺷﺪه و ﻫﻮاي‬
‫ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ ﻣﺨﻠﻮط ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ‬37 / 5 ‫ﻣﻮﺟﻮد روي ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ از‬
‫ )رواداري ﻫﻮاي ﻣﻮﺟﻮد ﺑﺮاي اﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺪار در ﻧﻈﺮ‬.‫ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‬
‫ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮد( ﻫﻮاي ﻣﻮﺟﻮد در ﻛﻞ ﻣﺨﻠﻮط از روي ﻣﻘﺪار‬
.‫ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‬37 / 5 ‫ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦﺷﺪه ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻛﻤﺘﺮاز‬
‫ ﺑﺘﻨﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﻳﺦزدﮔﻲ و آبﺷﺪﮔﻲ در ﻫﻮاي‬2-1-7
7.1.2 Concrete that will be subject to freezing and
thawing in a moist condition, intended to have low
permeability to water or be exposed to deicing
salts, brackish water, sea water, or spray from
these sources shall conform to the requirements of
Table 5.
‫ﻣﺮﻃﻮب ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ ﺑﻮد و داراي ﻧﻔﻮذ ﭘﺬﻳﺮي ﻛﻢ در ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ آب ﻳﺎ در‬
‫ آب درﻳﺎ ﻳﺎ ﭘﺎﺷﻴﺪه ﺷﺪن آﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬،‫ آب ﺷﻮر‬،‫ﻣﻌﺮض ﺷﻮرهزدن‬
.‫ را ﺑﺮآورده ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‬5 ‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ اﻟﺰاﻣﺎت ﺟﺪول‬
‫ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ در ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﺧﻮردﮔﻲ‬2-7
7. 2 Corrosion Protection
‫ درﻣﻮاردﻳﻜﻪ ﺑﺘﻦ ﻣﺴﻠﺢ در ﻣﻌﺮض ﻛﻠﺮﻳﺪﻫﺎي ﻧﻤﻜﻬﺎي‬1-2-7
7.2.1 When reinforced concrete will be exposed to
chloride from deicing salts, brackish water, sea
water, or spray from these sources, requirements
of Table 5 for water-cement ratio or concrete
strength
and
minimum
concrete
cover
requirements of Clause 13.7 shall be satisfied.
‫ اﻟﺰاﻣﺎت‬،‫ آب درﻳﺎ ﻳﺎ ﭘﺎﺷﺶ آﻧﻬﺎ ﻗﺮار دارد‬،‫ آب ﺷﻮر‬،‫ﻳﺦ زدا‬
‫ ﺑﺮاي ﻧﺴﺒﺖ آب ﺑﻪ ﺳﻴﻤﺎن ﻳﺎ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﺑﺘﻦ و ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ‬5 ‫ﺟﺪول‬
.‫ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺮآورده ﺷﻮد‬7-13 ‫ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻻزم ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس ﺑﻨﺪ‬
TABLE 5 - REQUIREMENTS FOR SPECIAL EXPOSURE CONDITIONS
‫ اﻟﺰاﻣﺎت ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ وﻳﮋه‬-5 ‫ﺟﺪول‬
MAXIMUM
WATER-CEMENT
MINIMUM
f c
EXPOSURE CONDITION
RATIO, NORMAL
WEIGHT
‫ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ‬
CONCRETE
NORMAL-WEIGHT
AND LIGHTWEIGHT
CONCRETE
‫ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ آب ﺑﻪ‬
‫ ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺘﻦ‬f c ‫ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ‬
‫ﺳﻴﻤﺎن در ﺑﺘﻦ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻟﻲ‬
‫ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻟﻲ و ﺑﺘﻦ ﺳﺒﻚ‬
0.50
28
0.45
31
0.40*
35*
Concrete intended to have low permeability when exposed to water
‫ﺑﺘﻦ داراي ﻧﻔﻮذﭘﺬﻳﺮي ﻛﻢ در ﻣﻌﺮض آب‬
Concrete exposed to freezing and thawing in a moist condition
‫ﺑﺘﻦ در ﻣﻌﺮض ﻳﺦ زدﮔﻲ و آب ﺷﺪﮔﻲ در ﻫﻮاي ﻣﺮﻃﻮب‬
For corrosion protection for reinforced concrete exposed to deicing salts, brackish
water, seawater or spray from these sources
‫ آب درﻳﺎ ﻳﺎ ﭘﺎﺷﺶ‬،‫ آب ﺷﻮر‬،‫ﺑﺮاي ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ آرﻣﺎﺗﻮرﻫﺎي ﺑﺘﻦ در ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﺧﻮردﮔﻲ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ از ﻧﻤﻚ ﻫﺎي ﻳﺦ زدا‬
‫آﻧﻬﺎ‬
To be continued
‫اداﻣﻪ دارد‬
15
Feb. 2009 / 1387 ‫ﺑﻬﻤﻦ‬
IPS-C-CE-200(1)
TABLE 5 – Continued
5 ‫اداﻣﻪ ﺟﺪول‬
MAXIMUM
WATER-CEMENT
RATIO, NORMAL
WEIGHT
CONCRETE
EXPOSURE CONDITION
‫ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ‬
‫ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ آب ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﺳﻴﻤﺎن در ﺑﺘﻦ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻟﻲ‬
MINIMUM
f c
NORMAL-WEIGHT
AND LIGHTWEIGHT
CONCRETE
‫ ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺘﻦ‬f c ‫ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ‬
‫ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻟﻲ و ﺑﺘﻦ ﺳﺒﻚ‬
Frost-resistant concrete
‫ﺑﺘﻦ ﻣﻘﺎوم در ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﻳﺦ ﺑﻨﺪان‬
Thin sections and any concrete exposed to deicing salts
0.45
30
0.50
28
0.45
Not less than 350 kg of
cement per cubic meter
‫ﻣﻘﺎﻃﻊ ﻧﺎزك و ﻫﺮ ﻧﻮع ﺑﺘﻨﻲ ﻛﻪ در ﻣﻌﺮض ﻧﻤﻚ ﻫﺎي ﻳﺦ زدا ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
All other structures
Placing concrete under water
‫ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﺳﺎزه ﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺑﺘﻦ رﻳﺰي در زﻳﺮ آب‬
‫ ﻛﻴﻠﻮﮔﺮم ﺳﻴﻤﺎن‬350 ‫ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ‬
‫در ﻫﺮ ﻣﺘﺮﻣﻜﻌﺐ‬
:‫* ﻳﺎدآوري‬
*Note:
If minimum concrete cover required by Clause
13.7 is increased by l0 mm, water-cement ratio
may be increased to 0.45 for normal density
concrete, or f c reduced to 30 MPa for lightweight concrete.
7-13 ‫در ﺻﻮرﺗﻴﻜﻪ ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺑﺘﻦ ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻴﺎز ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس ﺑﻨﺪ‬
‫ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﻳﺎﺑﺪ ﻣﻲﺗﻮان ﻧﺴﺒﺖ آب ﺑﻪ ﺳﻴﻤﺎن را‬10 ‫ﺑﻪ‬
‫ را‬f c ‫ اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﻳﺎ‬0 / 45 ‫ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺘﻦ ﺑﺎ وزن ﻣﺨﺼﻮص ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻟﻲ ﺑﻪ‬
.‫ ﻣﮕﺎﭘﺎﺳﻜﺎل ﻛﺎﻫﺶ داد‬30 ‫ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺘﻦ ﺳﺒﻚ ﺑﻪ‬
7.2.2 For corrosion protection, maximum water
soluble chloride ion concentrations in hardened
concrete at ages from 28 to 42 days contributed
from the ingredients including water, aggregates,
cementitious materials and admixtures shall not
exceed the limits of Table 6.
‫ ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ ﻳﻮن ﻛﻠﺮ‬،‫ ﺑﺮاي ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺑﺘﻦ در ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﺧﻮردﮔﻲ‬2-2-7
‫ روزه ﻛﻪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‬42 ‫ ﺗﺎ‬28 ‫ﻣﺤﻠﻮل در ﺑﺘﻦ ﺳﺨﺖ ﺷﺪه در ﺳﻦ‬
‫ ﺳﻴﻤﺎن و‬،‫ ﺳﻨﮕﺪاﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ‬،‫اﺟﺰاء ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ دﻫﻨﺪه ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ آب‬
.‫ ﻓﺮاﺗﺮ رود‬6 ‫اﻓﺰودﻧﻲﻫﺎ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ از ﻣﺤﺪودﻳﺘﻬﺎي ﺟﺪول‬
When testing is performed to determine water
soluble chloride ion content, test procedures shall
conform to ASTM C1218.
‫ﻣﺮاﺣﻞ آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻳﻮن ﻛﻠﺮ ﻣﺤﻠﻮل در آب ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﻨﻄﺒﻖ ﺑﺮ‬
.‫ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬ASTM C1218 ‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬
16
Feb. 2009 / 1387 ‫ﺑﻬﻤﻦ‬
IPS-C-CE-200(1)
TABLE 6- MAXIMUM CHLORIDE ION CONTENT FOR CORROSION PROTECTION
‫ ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻴﺰان ﻳﻮن ﻛﻠﺮ ﺑﺮاي ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ در ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﺧﻮردﮔﻲ‬-6 ‫ﺟﺪول‬
MAXIMUM WATER
SOLUBLE
CHLORIDE ION (CI-) IN
CONCRETE,
PERCENT BY WEIGHT OF
CEMENT
TYPE OF MEMBER
‫ﻧﻮع ﻋﻀﻮ‬
‫ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ ﻳﻮن ﻛﻠﺮﻣﺤﻠﻮل در آب ﺑﺘﻦ‬
(‫)درﺻﺪ از وزن ﺳﻴﻤﺎن‬
Prestressed concrete
‫ﺑﺘﻦ ﭘﻴﺶ ﺗﻨﻴﺪه‬
0.06
Reinforced concrete exposed to chloride in service
0.15
‫ﺑﺘﻦ ﻣﺴﻠﺢ درﻣﻌﺮض ﻳﻮن ﻛﻠﺮ ﻃﻲ ﺑﻬﺮه ﺑﺮداري‬
Reinforced concrete that will be dry or protected from moisture in service
1.00
‫ﺑﺘﻦ ﻣﺴﻠﺢ ﻛﻪ ﻃﻲ ﺑﻬﺮهﺑﺮداري ﺗﺤﺖ ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﺧﺸﻚ ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ ﺑﻮد ﻳﺎ در ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ رﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﻣﺤﺎﻓﻈﺖ ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‬
Other reinforced concrete construction
0.30
‫ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻧﻬﺎي ﺑﺘﻦ ﻣﺴﻠﺢ‬
‫ ﺑﺘﻦ در ﻣﻌﺮض ﺳﻮﻟﻔﺎت ﻫﺎ‬3-7
7.3 Sulfate Exposure
‫ ﺑﺘﻦ در ﻣﻌﺮض ﻣﺤﻠﻮلﻫﺎي ﺳﻮﻟﻔﺎﺗﻲ ﻳﺎ ﺧﺎك ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬1-3-7
7.3.1 Concrete to be exposed to sulfate-containing
solutions or soils shall conform to requirements of
Table 7, or be made with cement that provides
sulfate resistance when used in concrete with
maximum water-cement ratio and minimum
compressive strength from Table 7.
‫ را ﺑﺮآورده ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ ﻳﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻴﻤﺎن ﺿﺪ ﺳﻮﻟﻔﺎت در‬7 ‫اﻟﺰاﻣﺎت ﺟﺪول‬
‫ﺑﺘﻦ ﺑﺎ ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ آب ﺑﻪ ﺳﻴﻤﺎن و ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﻓﺸﺎري‬
.‫ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﻮد‬7 ‫ﻣﻨﺪرج در ﺟﺪول‬
‫ ﻛﻠﺮﻳﺪ ﻛﻠﺴﻴﻢ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻣﺎده‬،7 ‫ ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس ﺟﺪول‬2-3-7
7.3.2 Calcium chloride as an admixture shall not
be used in concrete to be exposed to severe or
very severe sulfate containing solutions, as
defined in Table 7.
‫ ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ در ﺑﺘﻦ در ﻣﻌﺮض ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﺷﺪﻳﺪ ﻳﺎ ﺧﻴﻠﻲ ﺷﺪﻳﺪ‬،‫اﻓﺰودﻧﻲ‬
.‫ﻣﺤﻠﻮﻟﻬﺎي ﺳﻮﻟﻔﺎﺗﻲ ﺑﻜﺎر رود‬
TABLE 7 - REQUIREMENTS FOR CONCRETE EXPOSED TO
SULFATE-CONTAINING SOLUTIONS
‫ اﻟﺰاﻣﺎت ﺑﺘﻦ در ﻣﻌﺮض ﻣﺤﻠﻮل ﻫﺎي ﺳﻮﻟﻔﺎﺗﻲ‬-7 ‫ﺟﺪول‬
SULFATE
EXPOSURE
‫در ﻣﻌﺮض‬
‫ﺳﻮﻟﻔﺎﺗﻬﺎ‬
WATER
SOLUBLE
SULFATE
(SO 4 ) IN
SOIL,
PERCENT
BY WEIGHT
‫ﻣﻘﺪار ﺳﻮﻟﻔﺎت‬
SULFATE
(SO 4 ) IN
WATER
ppm
CEMENT
TYPE
‫ﻧﻮع ﺳﻴﻤﺎن‬
‫ﺳﻮﻟﻔﺎت ﻣﻮﺟﻮد‬
MAXIMUM WATERCEMENT
RATIO, BY
(
WEIGHT 1),
‫در آب ﺑﺮﺣﺴﺐ‬
NORMALWEIGHT
CONCRETE
ppm
‫ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ آب ﺑﻪ ﺳﻴﻤﺎن‬
‫ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺘﻦ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻟﻲ‬
(‫)ﻣﺤﻠﻮل در آب‬
f c MPa(1)
‫ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻟﻲ و ﺑﺘﻦ ﺳﺒﻚ‬
‫درﺻﺪ وزﻧﻲ‬
0.00-0.10
‫ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﻓﺸــــﺎري‬
‫ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺘﻦ‬
‫ﺧﺎك ﺑﺮﺣﺴﺐ‬
Negligible
MINIMUM
COMPRESSIVE
STRENGTH
f c MPa(1)
NORMALWEIGHT
AND LIGHTWEIGHT
CONCRETE
0 – 150
----
----
----
‫ﻧﺎﭼﻴﺰ‬
To be continued
‫اداﻣﻪ دارد‬
17
Feb. 2009 / 1387 ‫ﺑﻬﻤﻦ‬
IPS-C-CE-200(1)
TABLE 7 – Continued
Moderate(2)
7 ‫اداﻣﻪ ﺟﺪول‬
0.10-0.20
150 – 1500
II and I
0.50
28
0.20-2.00
1500 – 10000
V
0.45
31
Over 2.00
Over 10000
V plus
pozzolan(3)
0.45
31
‫ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻟﻲ‬
Severe
‫ﺷﺪﻳﺪ‬
Very severe
‫ﺧﻴﻠﻲ ﺷﺪﻳﺪ‬
‫ ﺑﻌﻼوه‬V ‫ﻧﻮع‬
‫ﭘﻮزوﻻن‬
‫( ﺑﺮاي ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻧﻔﻮذﭘﺬﻳﺮي ﻳﺎ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ از ﺧﻮردﮔﻲ ﻗﻄﻌﺎت‬1
1) Lowest applicable maximum water-cement
ratio or higher applicable minimum strength
may be required for low permeability or for
protection against corrosion of embedded items
or freezing and thawing.
‫ﻛﺎر ﮔﺬاﺷﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه در ﺑﺘﻦ ﻳﺎ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ در ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﻳﺦزدﮔﻲ و‬
‫آب ﺷﺪﮔﻲ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺖ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﻋﻤﻠﻲ آب ﺑﻪ‬
.‫ﺳﻴﻤﺎن ﻳﺎ ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﻓﺸﺎري ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ ﺿﺮوري ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
2) Seawater.
.‫( آب درﻳﺎ‬2
3) Pozzolan that has been determined by test or
service record to improve sulfate resistance
when used in concrete containing Type V
cement.
‫( ﭘﻮزوﻻن ﻛﻪ ﻧﻮع آن ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻳﺎ ﺳﻮاﺑﻖ‬3
‫ ﺑﺮاي ﺑﻬﺒﻮد ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ در ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ‬،‫ﺑﻬﺮهﺑﺮداري ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺷﺪه‬
.‫ در ﺑﺘﻦ ﺑﻜﺎر ﻣﻲرود‬V ‫ﺳﻮﻟﻔﺎﺗﻬﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻴﻤﺎن ﻧﻮع‬
‫ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ آب ﺑﻪ ﺳﻴﻤﺎن‬4-7
7.4 Water-Cement Ratio
‫ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ در ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ‬،‫ ﭘﺮداﺧﺖ‬،‫ ﺑﺮاي ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﮔﻴﺮي‬1-4-7
7.4.1 For placeability, finishability, abrasion
resistance, and durability in flatwork, with regard
to aggregate size, the quantity of cement to be
used should be not less than shown in Table 8.
‫ ﻣﻘﺪار ﺳﻴﻤﺎن ﻣﺼﺮﻓﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ‬،‫ﺳﺎﻳﺶ و دوام ﺳﻄﻮح ﺗﺨﺖ‬
.‫ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬8 ‫اﻧﺪازه ﺳﻨﮕﺪاﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ از ﻣﻘﺎدﻳﺮ ﺟﺪول‬
TABLE 8 - MINIMUM CEMENT REQUIREMENTS FOR CONCRETE USED IN
FLATWORK
‫ ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﺳﻴﻤﺎن ﻣﺼﺮﻓﻲ ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺘﻦ ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده در ﺳﻄﻮح ﺗﺨﺖ‬-8 ‫ﺟﺪول‬
MAXIMUM SIZE OF AGGREGATE,
CEMENT,
‫ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ اﻧﺪازه ﺳﻨﮕﺪاﻧﻪ‬
‫ﺳﻴﻤﺎن‬
mm
kg/m3
28
282
25
312
19
324
12.5
354
9.5
366
18
Feb. 2009 / 1387 ‫ﺑﻬﻤﻦ‬
IPS-C-CE-200(1)
‫ ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﺳﻴﻤﺎن ﻻزم ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺘﻦ در ﻣﻌﺮض ﻳﺦزدﮔﻲ و‬2-4-7
7.4.2 The minimum cement content of concrete
mixtures exposed to freezing and thawing in the
presence of deicing chemicals shall be 252 kg of
cement meeting ASTM C 150 or C 595 per m3 of
concrete.
‫ ﻛﻴﻠﻮﮔﺮم‬252 ‫آبﺷﺪﮔﻲ در ﺣﻀﻮر ﻣﻮاد ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻲ ﻳﺦ زدا ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬
‫ در ﻫﺮ‬،C 595 ‫ ﻳﺎ‬ASTM C 150 ‫ﺳﻴﻤﺎن ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬
.‫ﻣﺘﺮﻣﻜﻌﺐ ﺑﺘﻦ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
5 ‫ ﺑﺮاي ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ آب ﺑﻪ ﺳﻴﻤﺎن ﻻزم در ﺟﺪاول‬3-4-7
7.4.3 The water-cement ratio required in Tables 5
and 7 shall be calculated using the mass of cement
meeting ASTM C 150 or C 595 plus the weight of
fly ash or pozzolan meeting ASTM C 618 and/or
slag meeting ASTM C 989, if any.
‫ ﺑﻪ‬C 595 ‫ ﻳﺎ‬ASTM C 150 ‫ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺟﺮم ﺳﻴﻤﺎن ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس‬7 ‫و‬
ASTM C 618 ‫ﻋﻼوه وزن ﺧﺎﻛﺴﺘﺮ ﺑﺎدي ﻳﺎ ﭘﻮزوﻻن ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس‬
(‫ )در ﺻﻮرت وﺟﻮد‬ASTM C 989 ‫و ﻳﺎ ﺳﺮﺑﺎره ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس‬
.‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺷﻮد‬
‫ ﺑﺘﻦ ﺿﺪ ﺳﺎﻳﺶ‬5-7
7.5 Concrete for Wear Resistance
‫ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻋﻤﺪﺗﺎً از‬4 ‫ ﺳﻨﮕﺪاﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﺑﺎ اﻧﺪازه ﺗﺎ‬1-5-7
7.5.1 Aggregate of up to 4 mm particle size shall
consist mainly of quartz or materials of at least
equivalent hardness and coarser particles, of
natural or artificial stone possessing high wear
resistance. The aggregate grading should be such
that it is as coarse as possible.
‫ﻛﻮارﺗﺰ ﻳﺎ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺤﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﺳﺨﺘﻲ ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ آن و ذرات‬
‫درﺷﺖ ﺗﺮ از ﺳﻨﮕﻬﺎي ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﻳﺎ ﻣﺼﻨﻮﻋﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﺳﺎﻳﺸﻲ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻻ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﺳﻨﮕﺪاﻧﻪﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺣﺪ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ درﺷﺖ‬
.‫داﻧﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺎت ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ دﺳﺘﻴﺎﺑﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻄﻮح ﺑﺘﻦ ﻣﻘﺎوم در ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ‬
.‫ آﻣﺪه اﺳﺖ‬ACI 201 ‫ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬3 ‫ﺳﺎﻳﺶ در ﻓﺼﻞ‬
Provisions for obtaining abrasion resistance
concrete surface are referred to ACI 201 chapter
(3).
7.5.2 Concrete for exposure to service
temperatures up to 250°C shall be made with
aggregates which have proved suitable in
accordance with relative Clause of ASTM for
exposure to such temperatures. The concrete
should be allowed to dry out before it is heated for
the first time, the latter being performed as slowly
as possible.
‫ درﺟﻪ‬250 ‫ ﺑﺘﻨﻲ ﻛﻪ در ﻣﻌﺮض ﺣﺮارت ﺗﺎ دﻣﺎي‬2-5-7
‫ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ از ﺳﻨﮕﺪاﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس‬،‫ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮاد ﻗﺮار ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮد‬
‫ ﭘﻴﺶ از اوﻟﻴﻦ ﺣﺮارت دﻳﺪن ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬.‫ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﺷﻮد‬ASTM
‫ﺑﻪ ﺑﺘﻦ اﺟﺎزه داد ﺗﺎ ﺣﺪي ﻛﻪ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺖ ﺑﻪ آراﻣﻲ ﺧﺸﻚ‬
.‫ﺷﻮد‬
‫ ﺑﺘﻦ ﭘﺎﺷﻲ‬6-7
7.6 Shotcrete
7.6.1 Shotcrete is process, by which concrete or
mortar is sprayed onto a surface to produce a
compacted self supporting and bearing Layer,
depending on the addition of water to the mix,
distinction as made between the dry process and
the wet process.
‫ ﻓﺮآﻳﻨﺪ ﭘﺎﺷﻴﺪن ﺑﺘﻦ ﻳﺎ ﻣﻼت روي ﻳﻚ‬،‫ ﺑﺘﻦ ﭘﺎﺷﻲ‬1-6-7
For more information see Iranian national
concrete code Publication no. 120 of management
and planning organization part 7-7 and
ACI 506.2(specification for shotcrete).
‫ ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ و ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ‬120 ‫ﺑﺮاي اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺸﺮﻳﻪ‬
‫ و ﻳـﺎ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت ﺑﺘﻦﭘﺎﺷﻲ در اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬7-7 ‫رﻳﺰي ﺑﺨﺶ‬
.‫ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﺷﻮد‬ACI 506.2
8. CONCRETE QUALITY, MIXING AND
PLACING
‫ اﺧﺘﻼط و ﺑﺘﻦ رﻳﺰي‬،‫ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ ﺑﺘﻦ‬-8
‫ﺳﻄﺢ ﺟﻬﺖ اﻳﺠﺎد ﻳﻚ ﻻﻳﻪ ﻣﻘﺎوم و ﻣﺘﺮاﻛﻢ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ‬
‫ ﺑﻪ دو ﻧﻮع ﻓﺮآﻳﻨﺪ‬،‫ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﻲ اﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﻛﺮدن آب ﺑﻪ ﻣﺨﻠﻮط‬
.‫ﺧﺸﻚ ﻳﺎ ﺗﺮ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﻣﻴﺸﻮد‬
8.1 General
‫ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ‬1-8
8.1.1 Concrete shall be proportioned to provide an
average compressive strength f c r as prescribed in
‫ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ اﺧﺘﻼط ﺑﺘﻦ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ‬1-1-8
‫ و‬ACI 318M ‫ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬5.3.2 ‫ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﺑﻨﺪ‬f c r ‫ﻓﺸﺎري‬
.‫ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬7 ‫ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﻣﻌﻴﺎر دوام در ﺑﻨﺪ‬
Section 5.3.2 of ACI 318M as well as satisfy the
durability criteria of Clause 7.
19
Feb. 2009 / 1387 ‫ﺑﻬﻤﻦ‬
Concrete shall be produced to minimize the
frequency of strengths tests below f c ` as
prescribed in 9.2.3.
IPS-C-CE-200(1)
‫ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺑﺘﻦ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻨﺤﻮي ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻌﺪاد آزﻣﺎﻳﺸﻬﺎي ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﺑﺎ‬
‫ را ﺑﻪ ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ‬3-2-9 ‫ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺷﺪه در ﺑﻨﺪ‬f c ‫ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﺗﺮ از‬
.‫ﺑﺮﺳﺎﻧﺪ‬
f c ،ACI ‫ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺘﻦ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ و ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس آﺋﻴﻦ ﻧﺎﻣﻪ‬
.‫ ﻣﮕﺎﭘﺎﺳﻜﺎل ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬17 ‫ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ از‬
For concrete designed and constructed in
accordance with the code, f c shall not be less
than 17MPa .
f c ‫ اﻟﺰاﻣﺎت‬2-1-8
8.1.2 Requirements for f c shall be based on tests
of cylinders made and tested as prescribed in 9.2
‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي‬
8.1.3 Unless otherwise specified, f c shall be
based on 28-day tests. If other than 28 days, test
age for f c shall be as indicated in design
drawings or specifications.
‫ روزه‬28 ‫ ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس آزﻣﺎﻳﺸﻬﺎي‬f c ‫ آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ‬3-1-8
‫ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻣﮕﺮ آﻧﻜﻪ در ﻣﺪارك ﻣﺪت دﻳﮕﺮي ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ﻛﻪ در اﻳﻨﺼﻮرت ﺳﻦ آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ آﻧﭽﻪ ﻛﻪ در ﻧﻘﺸﻪ ﻫﺎ ﻳﺎ‬
.‫ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت ﻓﻨﻲ ذﻛﺮ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ ﺑﻮد‬
8.1.4 Where design criteria in IPS-E-CE-200
provide for use of a splitting tensile strength value
of concrete, laboratory tests shall be made in
accordance with "Specification for Lightweight
Aggregates for Structural Concrete" (ASTM
C330) to establish value of f ct corresponding to
specified value of f c .
‫در‬
8.1.5 Splitting tensile strength tests shall not be
used as a basis for field acceptance of concrete.
‫ آزﻣﺎﻳﺸﻬﺎي ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﻛﺸﺸﻲ ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻣﺒﻨﺎي‬5-1-8
.‫ ﺻﻮرت ﮔﻴﺮد‬2-9 ‫اﺳﺘﻮاﻧﻪاي ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﺑﻨﺪ‬
‫ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ‬
‫ﻣﻌﻴﺎرﻫﺎي‬
‫در‬
‫درﻣﻮاردﻳﻜﻪ‬
4-1-8
،‫ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﻛﺸﺸﻲ ﺑﺘﻦ ﺑﻜﺎر ﻣﻲرود‬IPS-E-CE-200
ASTM C330 ‫آزﻣﺎﻳﺸﻬﺎي آزﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻫﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس‬
‫"ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت ﺑﺮاي ﺳﻨﮕﺪاﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﺳﺒﻚ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺑﺘﻦ ﺳﺎزهاي" ﺑﺮاي‬
.‫ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﺪه اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﻮد‬f c ‫ ﻣﺘﻨﺎﻇﺮ ﺑﺎ‬f ct ‫ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ‬
.‫ﭘﺬﻳﺮش ﺑﺘﻦ ﺑﻜﺎر روﻧﺪ‬
‫ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﻫﺎي اﺧﺘﻼط ﺑﺘﻦ‬2-8
8.2 Selection of Concrete Proportions
‫ ﻧﺴﺒﺘﻬﺎي ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺑﺮاي ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﺑﺘﻦ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه‬1-2-8
8.2.1 Proportions of materials for concrete shall
be established to provide:
:‫ﻣﻮارد زﻳﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
a) Workability and consistency to permit
concrete to be worked readily into forms and
around reinforcement under conditions of
placement to be employed, without segregation
or excessive bleeding.
‫ ﺗﺎ اﻣﻜﺎن ﺑﺘﻦ رﻳﺰي داﺧﻞ ﻗﺎﻟﺒﻬﺎ‬،‫اﻟﻒ( ﻛﺎرآﻳﻲ و ﻳﻜﻨﻮاﺧﺘﻲ‬
b) Resistance to special exposures as required
by Clause 7.
.7 ‫ب ( ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ در ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ وﻳﮋه ﻣﺬﻛﻮر در ﺑﻨﺪ‬
c)
Conformance
with
requirements of Clause 9.8.
strength
‫و اﻃﺮاف آرﻣﺎﺗﻮرﻫﺎ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﻣﺤﻞ ﺑﺘﻦ رﻳﺰي ﺑﺪون‬
.‫ﺟﺪاﻳﻲ اﺟﺰاء و ﺷﻴﺮه ﺑﺘﻦ ﻓﺮاﻫﻢ ﺷﻮد‬
test
.8-9 ‫ج ( ﺗﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﺑﺎ اﻟﺰاﻣﺎت آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس ﺑﻨﺪ‬
8.2.2 Where different materials are to be used for
different portions of proposed work, each
combination shall be evaluated.
‫ درﻣﻮاردﻳﻜﻪ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﻣﺘﻔﺎوت ﺑﺮاي اﺟﺰاء ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻳﻚ‬2-2-8
8.2.3 Concrete proportions, shall be established on
the basis of field experience and/or trial mixtures
specified in Section 5.3 of ACI 318M, or
alternatively, Section 5.4 of the same Code and
shall meet applicable requirements of Clause 7 of
this Standard.
‫ ﻧﺴﺒﺘﻬﺎي اﺧﺘﻼط ﺑﺘﻦ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺼﻮرت ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻲ و ﻳﺎ از‬3-2-8
.‫ﻛﺎر اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻫﺮ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺟﺪاﮔﺎﻧﻪ ارزﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﺷﻮد‬
‫ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬5.3 ‫اﺧﺘﻼطﻫﺎي آزﻣﺎﻳﺸﻲ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﺪه در ﻗﺴﻤﺖ‬
‫ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﻮد و‬،‫ ﻫﻤﺎن اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬5.4 ‫ ﻳﺎ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ‬ACI 318M
.‫ اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد را ﻧﻴﺰ ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‬7 ‫اﻟﺰاﻣﺎت ﻣﻮﺟﻮد در ﺑﻨﺪ‬
20
Feb. 2009 / 1387 ‫ﺑﻬﻤﻦ‬
IPS-C-CE-200(1)
‫ ارزﻳﺎﺑﻲ و ﭘﺬﻳﺮش ﺑﺘﻦ‬-9
9. EVALUATION AND ACCEPTANCE OF
CONCRETE
‫ ﺗﻮاﺗﺮ آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ‬1-9
9.1 Frequency of Testing
‫ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﮔﻴﺮي آزﻣﺎﻳﺸﻬﺎي ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﺑﺮاي ﻫﺮ رده از ﺑﺘﻦ ﻛﻪ‬1-1-9
9.1.1 Samples for strength tests of each class of
concrete placed each day shall be taken not less
than once a day, nor less than once for each 110
m3 of concrete, nor less than once for each 460m2
of surface area for slabs or walls.
‫روزاﻧﻪ ﺑﺘﻦ رﻳﺰي ﻣﻲﺷﻮد ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ از ﻳﻜﺒﺎر در روز و ﻛﻤﺘﺮ از‬
‫ ﻣﺘﺮﻣﻜﻌﺐ ﺑﺘﻦ رﻳﺰي و ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﻳﻜﺒﺎر ﺑﺮاي ﻫﺮ‬110‫ﻳﻜﺒﺎر از ﻫﺮ‬
.‫ ﻣﺘﺮﻣﺮﺑﻊ ﺑﺘﻦ رﻳﺰي دﻳﻮارﻫﺎ و داﻟﻬﺎ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﻮد‬450
9.1.2 On a given project, if total volume of
concrete is such that frequency of testing required
by 9.1.1 would provide less than five strength
tests for given class of concrete, tests shall be
made from at least five randomly selected batches
or from each batch if fewer than five batches are
used.
‫ ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ در ﭘﺮوژهاي ﺣﺠﻢ ﺑﺘﻦ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻴﺰاﻧﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ‬2-1-9
‫ از ﭘﻨﺞ آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ‬1-1-9 ‫ﺗﻌﺪاد آزﻣﺎﻳﺸﻬﺎي ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﺑﻨﺪ‬
‫ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﭘﻨﺞ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﻲ از‬،‫ﺑﺮاي ﻫﺮ رده ﺑﺘﻦ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ﻣﺤﻤﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻣﻨﺘﺨﺐ و ﻳﺎ اﮔﺮ ﺗﻌﺪاد ﻣﺤﻤﻮﻟﻪ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ از ﭘﻨﺞ‬
.‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ از ﻫﺮ ﻣﺤﻤﻮﻟﻪ ﻳﻚ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﻮد‬
‫ ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ دو ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ‬،‫ آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ‬3-1-9
9.1.3 A strength test shall be the average of the
strength of two cylinders made from the same
sample of concrete and tested at 28 days or at test
age designated for determination of f c .
‫اﺳﺘﻮاﻧــﻪاي ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ از ﺑﺘﻦ ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﺷﺪه اﻧﺪ و ﭘﺲ از‬
‫ ﻣﻮرد آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ‬f c ‫ روز ﻳﺎ ﺳﻦ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﺪه ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ‬28
.‫ﻗﺮار ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮد‬
‫ ﻋﻤﻞ آوري آزﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻫﻲ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ‬2-9
9.2 Laboratory-Cured Specimens
9.2.1 Samples for strength tests shall be taken in
accordance with "Standard Method of Sampling
Freshly Mixed Concrete" (ASTM C 172).
‫ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي آزﻣﻮن ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس روش‬1-2-9
9.2.2 Cylinders for strength tests shall be molded
and laboratory cured in accordance with
"Standard Practice for Making and Curing
Concrete Test Specimens in the Field" (ASTM C
31) and tested in accordance with "Standard Test
Method for Compressive Strength of Cylindrical
Concrete Specimens" (ASTM C 39).
‫ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي اﺳﺘﻮاﻧﻪاي ﺑﺮاي آزﻣﻮن ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬2-2-9
"‫"اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﮔﻴﺮي از ﺑﺘﻦ ﺗﺎزه ﻣﺨﻠﻮط ﺷﺪه‬
.‫( ﺻﻮرت ﭘﺬﻳﺮد‬ASTM C 172)
‫ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس "ﺿﻮاﺑﻂ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد اﺟﺮاﻳﻲ ﺑﺮاي ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻦ و ﻋﻤﻞ آوري‬
‫( ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﮔﻴﺮي و‬ASTM C 31) "‫ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺑﺘﻨﻲ در ﻛﺎرﮔﺎه‬
‫در آزﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎه ﻋﻤﻞ آوري ﺷﻮﻧﺪ و ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس "روش آزﻣﻮن‬
"‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﺑﺮاي ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﻓﺸﺎري ﺑﺘﻦ اﺳﺘﻮاﻧﻪاي‬
.‫( آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬ASTM C 39)
‫ ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ ﻫﺮ دو ﺷﺮط زﻳﺮ ﺑﺮﻗﺮار ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ درﺟﻪ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ‬3-2-9
9.2.3 Strength level of an individual class of
concrete shall be considered satisfactory if both of
the following requirements are met:
:‫ﺑﺘﻦ ﺑﺎ رده ﺧﺎص ﻣﻮرد ﭘﺬﻳﺮش ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
a) Average of all sets of three consecutive
strength tests equal or exceed f c .
‫اﻟﻒ( ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﻫﺮ ﺳﻪ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﺘﻮاﻟﻲ ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﻳﺎ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ‬
b) No individual strength test (average of two
cylinders) falls below f c by more than 3.5
MPa when f c is 35MPa or less; or by more
than 0.1 f c when f c is more than 35MPa.
‫ب( ﻫﻴﭻ آزﻣﻮن ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ )ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ دو ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ‬
.‫ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬f c ‫از‬
‫ ﻣﮕﺎ‬35 ‫ ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﻳﺎ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ از‬f c ‫اﺳﺘﻮاﻧﻪاي( ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣﻲ ﻛﻪ‬
‫ ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ‬f c ‫ ﻣﮕﺎ ﭘﺎﺳﻜﺎل ﻛﻤﺘﺮ از‬3 / 5 ‫ ﺑﻴﺶ از‬،‫ﭘﺎﺳﻜﺎل اﺳﺖ‬
‫ ﺑﻴﺶ از‬،‫ ﻣﮕﺎ ﭘﺎﺳﻜﺎل اﺳﺖ‬35 ‫ ﺑﻴﺶ از‬f c ‫ﻳﺎ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣﻲ ﻛﻪ‬
.‫ ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ‬f c ‫ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ از‬0/1 f c
21
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IPS-C-CE-200(1)
‫ ﮔﺎﻣﻬﺎﻳﻲ‬،‫ ﺑﺮآورده ﻧﺸﻮد‬3-2-9 ‫ در ﺻﻮرﺗﻴﻜﻪ اﻟﺰاﻣﺎت‬4-2-9
9.2.4 If either of the requirements of 9.2.3 are not
met, steps shall be taken to increase the average of
subsequent strength test results. Requirements of
9.4. shall be observed if requirement of 9.2.3 (b)
is not met.
‫ در‬.‫ﺟﻬﺖ اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ آزﻣﻮن ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺮداﺷﺘﻪ ﺷﻮد‬
‫ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬4-9 ‫ ﺑﺮآورده ﻧﺸﻮد اﻟﺰاﻣﺎت‬3-2-9 (‫ﺻﻮرﺗﻴﻜﻪ ﺑﻨﺪ )ب‬
.‫ﻣﺪﻧﻈﺮ ﻗﺮار ﮔﻴﺮد‬
‫ ﻋﻤﻞ آوري ﻛﺎرﮔﺎﻫﻲ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ‬3-9
9.3 Field-Cured Specimens
9.3.1 The AR may require strength tests of
cylinders cured under field conditions to check
adequacy of curing and protection of concrete in
the structure.
‫ ﻛﺎرﻓﺮﻣﺎ ﻣﻲﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺟﻬﺖ ﻛﻨﺘﺮل ﻛﻔﺎﻳﺖ ﻋﻤﻞ آوري و‬1-3-9
9.3.2 Field-cured cylinders shall be cured under
field conditions in accordance with "Standard
Practice for Making and Curing Concrete Test
Specimens in the Field" (ASTM C 31M).
‫ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي اﺳﺘﻮاﻧﻪ اي ﻋﻤﻞ آوري ﺷﺪه در ﻛﺎرﮔﺎه ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬2-3-9
9.3.3 Field-cured test cylinders shall be molded at
the same time and from the same samples as
laboratory-cured test cylinders.
‫ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي اﺳﺘﻮاﻧﻪاي ﻋﻤﻞ آوري ﺷﺪه در ﻛﺎرﮔﺎه ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬3-3-9
9.3.4 Procedures for protecting and curing
concrete shall be improved when strength of fieldcured cylinders at test age designated for
determination of fc’ is less than 85 percent of that
of companion laboratory-cured cylinders. The 85
percent limitation shall not apply if field-cured
strength exceeds f c by more than 3.5 MPa.
‫ درﻣﻮاردﻳﻜﻪ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي اﺳﺘﻮاﻧﻪاي ﻋﻤﻞ آوري‬4-3-9
‫ آزﻣﻮن ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ را روي ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي‬،‫ﻧﮕﻬﺪاري ﺑﺘﻦ ﺳﺎزه‬
.‫ﺳﻴﻠﻨﺪري ﻋﻤﻞ آوري ﺷﺪه در ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﻛﺎرﮔﺎه درﺧﻮاﺳﺖ ﻛﻨﺪ‬
‫در ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﻛﺎرﮔﺎه و ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس "اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻛﺎرﺑﺮدي ﺑﺮاي ﺳﺎﺧﺖ و‬
"‫ﻋﻤﻞآوري ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي آزﻣﻮن ﺑﺘﻦ در ﻛﺎرﮔﺎه‬
.‫( ﻋﻤﻞ آوري ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬ASTM C 31M)
‫در ﻳﻚ زﻣﺎن و از ﻫﻤﺎن ﺑﺘﻦ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي اﺳﺘﻮاﻧﻪاي آزﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻫﻲ‬
.‫ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
‫ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ از‬f c ‫ﺷﺪه در ﻛﺎرﮔﺎه در ﺳﻦ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﺪه ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ‬
‫ درﺻﺪ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي اﺳﺘﻮاﻧﻪاي ﻋﻤﻞ آوري ﺷﺪه در آزﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎه‬85
‫ اﮔﺮ‬.‫ ﻓﺮآﻳﻨﺪ ﻧﮕﻬﺪاري و ﻋﻤﻞ آوري ﺑﺘﻦ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ اﺻﻼح ﺷﻮد‬،‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ ﻣﮕﺎ ﭘﺎﺳﻜﺎل‬3/5 ‫ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻋﻤﻞ آوري ﺷﺪه در ﻛﺎرﮔﺎه‬
.‫ درﺻﺪ اﻋﻤﺎل ﻧﻤﻲﺷﻮد‬85 ‫ ﻣﺤﺪودﻳﺖ‬،‫ ﺷﻮد‬f c ‫ﺑﻴﺶ از‬
‫ ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ آزﻣﺎﻳﺸﻬﺎي ﺑﺘﻦ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ‬4-9
9.4 Investigation of Low-Strength Test Results
9.4.1 If any strength test (Clause 9.1.3) of
laboratory-cured cylinders falls below specified
value of f c by more than value given in Clause
9.2.3(b) or if tests of field-cured cylinders indicate
deficiencies in protection and curing (Clause
9.3.4), steps shall be taken to assure that loadcarrying capacity of the structure is not
jeopardized.
‫ اﮔﺮ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﻫﺮﻳﻚ از ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي اﺳﺘﻮاﻧﻪاي ﻋﻤﻞ آوري‬1-4-9
9.4.2 If the likelihood of low-strength concretes is
confirmed and computations indicate that loadcarrying capacity may have been significantly
reduced, tests of cores drilled from the area in
question may be required in accordance with
"Standard Method of Obtaining and Testing
Drilled Cores and Sawed Beams of Concrete"
(ASTM C 42). In such case, three cores shall be
taken for each strength test more than value given
in Clause 9.2.3(b) below specified value of f c .
‫ اﮔﺮ اﺣﺘﻤﺎل ﻛﻠﻲ از ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﺑﺘﻦ وﺟﻮد داﺷﺘﻪ‬2-4-9
‫ ﺑﻤﻴﺰان‬، f c ‫( در ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ‬3-1-9 ‫ﺷﺪه در آزﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎه )ﺑﺨﺶ‬
‫ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻳﺎ اﮔﺮ‬3-2-9 (‫ﺑﻴﺶ از ﻣﻘﺎدﻳﺮ ﺑﻨﺪ )ب‬
‫آزﻣﻮن ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ اﺳﺘﻮاﻧﻪاي ﻋﻤﻞ آوري ﺷﺪه در ﻛﺎرﮔﺎه‬
‫( ﻧﺸﺎن دﻫﻨﺪه ﻧﻘﺺ در ﻧﮕﻬﺪاري و ﻋﻤﻞ‬4-3-9 ‫)ﻃﺒﻖ ﺑﻨﺪ‬
‫ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﮔﺎﻣﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﺟﻬﺖ اﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎن از ﺑﻪ ﺧﻄﺮ ﻧﻴﻔﺘﺎدن‬،‫آوري ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
.‫ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﺑﺎرﺑﺮي ﺳﺎزه ﺑﺮداﺷﺘﻪ ﺷﻮد‬
‫و ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎت ﻧﺸﺎن دﻫﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﺑﺎرﺑﺮي ﺳﺎزه ﻣﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺖ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ آزﻣﻮن ﻣﻐﺰهﮔﻴﺮي از ﻧﻮاﺣﻲ ﻣﻮرد‬،‫ﻃﻮر ﺑﺎرزي ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ﺳﺆال ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس "روش اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد آزﻣﻮن و ﻓﺮاﻫﻢ ﻛﺮدن ﻣﻐﺰه و‬
‫( ﺑﺎﻳﺪ اﻧﺠﺎم‬ASTM C 42) ‫ﻗﻄﻌﺎت ﺑﺮﻳﺪه ﺷﺪه ﺑﺘﻨﻲ" ﻃﺒﻖ‬
‫ در اﻳﻦ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺮاي ﻫﺮﻳﻚ از آزﻣﺎﻳﺸﺎت ﺑﺎ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ‬.‫ﺷﻮد‬
-9 (‫ ﺑﻤﻴﺰان ﺑﻴﺶ از ﻣﻘﺎدﻳﺮ ﺑﻴﺎن ﺷﺪه در ﺑﻨﺪ )ب‬f c ‫ﻛﻤﺘﺮ از‬
.‫ ﺳﻪ ﻣﻐﺰه ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﻮد‬3-2
22
Feb. 2009 / 1387 ‫ﺑﻬﻤﻦ‬
IPS-C-CE-200(1)
9.4.3 Cores shall be prepared for transport and
storage by wiping drilling water from their
surfaces and placing the cores in watertight bags
or containers immediately after drilling. Cores
shall be tested no earlier than 48 hours and not
later than 7 days after coring unless approved by
AR.
‫ آب ﺳﻮراﺧﻜﺎري ﻣﻐﺰهﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ از ﺳﻄﻮح آن ﺧﺸﻚ‬3-4-9
9.4.4 Concrete in an area represented by core tests
shall be considered structurally adequate if the
average of three cores is equal to at least 85
percent of f c and if no single core is less than 75
percent of f c . Additional testing of cores
extracted from locations represented by erratic
core strength results shall be permitted.
85 ‫ در ﺻﻮرﺗﻴﻜﻪ ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ ﺳﻪ ﻣﻐﺰه ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﺑﺎ‬4-4-9
9.4.5 If criteria of 9.4.4 are not met, and if
structural adequacy remains in doubt, the AR may
order load tests as outlined in section 20 of ACI
318 M for the questionable portion of the
structure, or take other appropriate action.
‫ ﺑﺮآورد ﻧﺸﺪه و اﮔﺮ‬،4-4-9 ‫ در ﺻﻮرﺗﻴﻜﻪ ﺿﻮاﺑﻂ‬5-4-9
9.5 Preparation of Equipment and Place of
Deposit
‫ آﻣﺎده ﺳﺎزي ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات و ﻣﺤﻞ ﺑﺘﻦ رﻳﺰي‬5-9
‫ﺷﻮد و ﺑﺎ ﻗﺮار دادن آﻧﻬﺎ در ﻛﻴﺴﻪﻫﺎي ﺿﺪ آب ﻳﺎ ﺟﻌﺒﻪ ﻫﺎي‬
‫ﻣﺤﺎﻓﻆ ﺑﻼﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ از ﻣﺘﻪﻛﺎري ﺑﺮاي ﺣﻤﻞ و ﻧﻘﻞ و اﻧﺒﺎر‬
48 ‫ آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ روي ﻣﻐﺰهﻫﺎ ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ زودﺗﺮ از‬.‫ﻛﺮدن آﻣﺎده ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
‫ روز از ﻣﻐﺰه ﮔﻴﺮي اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﻮد ﻣﮕﺮ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺄﻳﻴﺪ‬7 ‫ﺳﺎﻋﺖ و دﻳﺮﺗﺮ از‬
.‫ﻛﺎرﻓﺮﻣﺎ‬
f c ‫ درﺻﺪ‬75 ‫ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ و ﻫﻴﭽﻴﻚ از ﻣﻐﺰهﻫﺎ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ از‬f c ‫درﺻﺪ‬
‫ ﺑﺘﻦ ﻣﻐﺰهﮔﻴﺮي ﺷﺪه از ﻧﻈﺮ ﺳﺎزه اي ﻛﻔﺎﻳﺖ ﻻزم را‬.‫ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ اﻧﺠﺎم آزﻣﺎﻳﺸﻬﺎي ﺗﻜﻤﻴﻠﻲ از ﻧﻮاﺣﻲ ﻣﻐﺰهﮔﻴﺮي ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎ‬.‫دارد‬
.‫ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺘﻲ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﻌﻘﻮل ﻣﺠﺎز اﺳﺖ‬
‫ ﻛﺎرﻓﺮﻣﺎ ﻣﻲﺗﻮاﻧﺪ دﺳﺘﻮر‬،‫ﻛﻔﺎﻳﺖ ﺳﺎزهاي ﻣﻮرد ﺗﺮدﻳﺪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
ACI 318 M‫ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬20 ‫آزﻣﻮن ﺑﺎرﮔﺬاري را ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ‬
‫ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺨﺶ ﻣﻮرد ﺗﺮدﻳﺪ ﺳﺎزه اﻧﺠﺎم داده ﻳﺎ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ اﻗﺪاﻣﺎت‬
.‫ﻣﻘﺘﻀﻲ را ﺑﻪ ﻋﻤﻞ آورد‬
‫ آﻣﺎده ﺳﺎزﻳﻬﺎي زﻳﺮ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻗﺒﻞ از ﺑﺘــﻦ رﻳﺰي اﻧﺠﺎم‬1-5-9
9.5.1 preparation before concrete placement shall
include the following:
:‫ﺷﻮد‬
.‫اﻟﻒ( ﺗﻤﺎم ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات اﺧﺘﻼط و ﺣﻤﻞ ﺑﺘﻦ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﻤﻴﺰ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬
a) All equipment for mixing and transporting
concrete shall be clean.
‫ب ( ﺗﻤﺎم ﻧﺨﺎﻟﻪﻫﺎ و ﻳﺦ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ از ﻣﺤﻞ ﺑﺘﻦ رﻳﺰي ﺧﺎرج‬
b) All debris and ice shall be removed from
spaces to be occupied by concrete.
.‫ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
.‫ج ( ﻗﺎﻟﺒﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻛﺎﻣﻼً ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
c) Forms shall be properly coated.
‫د ( اﻋﻀﺎي ﺑﻨﺎﻳﻲ ﭘﺮﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﻛﻪ در ﺗﻤﺎس ﺑﺎ ﺑﺘﻦ ﺧﻮاﻫﻨﺪ ﺑﻮد‬
d) Masonry filler units that will be in contact
with concrete shall be well drenched.
.‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮﺑﻲ ﻣﺮﻃﻮب ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
e) Reinforcement shall be thoroughly clean of
ice or other deleterious coating.
‫ﻫ( آرﻣﺎﺗﻮرﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ از ﻳﺦ و ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻣﻮاد زاﺋﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﭘﺎك‬
f) Water shall be removed from place of
deposit before concrete is placed unless a
tremie is to be used, or unless otherwise
permitted by the AR.
‫و ( آب ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻗﺒﻞ از رﻳﺨﺘﻦ ﺑﺘﻦ از ﻣﺤﻞ ﺑﺘﻦ رﻳﺰي ﺧﺎرج‬
g) All laitance and other unsound material
shall be removed before additional concrete is
placed against hardened concrete.
‫ز ( ﭘﻴﺶ از ﺑﺘﻦ رﻳﺰي در ﻣﺠﺎورت ﺑﺘﻦ ﺳﺨﺖ ﺷﺪه ﻗﺒﻠﻲ‬
.‫ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
‫ ﻣﮕﺮ اﻳﻦ ﻛﻪ از ﻗﻴﻒ ﺑﺘﻦ رﻳﺰي در زﻳﺮ آب اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬،‫ﺷﻮد‬
.‫ﺷﻮد ﻳﺎ ﻛﺎرﻓﺮﻣﺎ روش دﻳﮕﺮي را ﺗﺄﻳﻴﺪ ﻛﻨﺪ‬
.‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﻲ ﺷﻴﺮه ﺑﺘﻦ ﻗﺒﻠﻲ و ﻣﻮاد ﻣﻀﺮ دﻳﮕﺮ ﺑﺮﻃﺮف ﺷﻮد‬
‫ اﺧﺘﻼط‬6-9
9.6 Mixing
‫ ﻣﺨﻠﻮط ﻛﺮدن ﺑﺘﻦ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﺎ زﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻫﻤﻪ ﻣﻮاد ﺑﺼﻮرت‬1-6-9
9.6.1 All concrete shall be mixed until there is a
uniform distribution of materials and shall be
discharged completely before mixer is recharged.
‫ﻳﻜﻨﻮاﺧﺖ ﻣﺨﻠﻮط ﻧﺸﺪهاﻧﺪ اداﻣﻪ ﻳﺎﺑﺪ و ﻛﻞ ﺑﺘﻦ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﭘﻴﺶ از ﭘﺮ‬
.‫ ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ ﺷﻮد‬،‫ﺷﺪن ﻣﺠﺪد ﻣﺨﻠﻮطﻛﻦ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻮاد ﺟﺪﻳﺪ‬
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9.6.2 Ready-mixed concrete shall be mixed and
delivered in accordance with requirements of
"Standard
Specification
for
Ready-Mixed
Concrete" (ASTM C 94) or "Standard
Specification for Concrete Made by Volumetric
Batching and Continuous Mixing" (ASTM C 685).
‫ ﺑﺘﻦ آﻣﺎده ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس اﻟﺰاﻣﺎت "ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬2-6-9
9.6.3 Job-mixed concrete shall be mixed in
accordance with the following:
‫ اﺧﺘﻼط ﺑﺘﻦ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه در ﭘﺎي ﻛﺎر ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس‬3-6-9
‫( ﻳﺎ "ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬ASTM C 94) "‫ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺘﻦ آﻣﺎده‬
"‫ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺘﻦ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺑﭽﻴﻨﮓ و ﻣﺨﻠﻮط ﻛﻦ‬
.‫( ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﻮد‬ASTM C 685)
:‫ﻣﻮارد زﻳﺮ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﻮد‬
a) Mixing shall be done in a batch mixer of
approved type.
،‫اﻟﻒ( اﺧﺘﻼط ﺑﺎﻳﺪ در ﻣﺨﻠﻮط ﻛﻦ ﭘﻴﻤﺎﻧﻪ اي ﺗﺄﻳﻴﺪ ﺷﺪه‬
b) Mixer shall be rotated at a speed
recommended by the manufacturer.
‫ب( ﻣﺨﻠﻮط ﻛﻦ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﺷﺪه ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺳﺎزﻧﺪه‬
c) Mixing shall be continued for at least 1-½
min after all materials are in the drum, unless a
shorter time is shown to be satisfactory by the
mixing uniformity tests of "Standard
Specification for Ready-Mixed Concrete"
(ASTM C 94).
‫ دﻗﻴﻘﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ از‬1/5 ‫ج ( ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت اﺧﺘﻼط ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺮاي ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ‬
.‫اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﻮد‬
.‫ﺑﭽﺮﺧﺪ‬
‫رﻳﺨﺘﻦ ﺗﻤﺎم ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺑﻪ داﺧﻞ ﻣﺨﻠﻮطﻛﻦ اداﻣﻪ ﻳﺎﺑﺪ ﻣﮕﺮ‬
‫اﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻳﻜﻨﻮاﺧﺘﻲ اﺧﺘﻼط ﻃﺒﻖ‬
(ASTM C 94) "‫"ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺘﻦ آﻣﺎده‬
.‫زﻣﺎن ﻛﻮﺗﺎﻫﺘﺮي ﻛﺎﻓﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
d) Materials handling, batching, and mixing
shall also conform to applicable provisions of
ASTM C 94.
‫ دﺳﺘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪي و اﺧﺘﻼط ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻃﺒﻖ‬،‫د ( ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎﺋﻲ‬
.‫ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﻮد‬ASTM C 94 ‫ﻣﻮارد ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﺎ دﺳﺘﻮراﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬
‫ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺎﻳﮕﺎﻧﻲ ﺷﺪه و ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻮارد زﻳﺮ‬،‫ﻫ( ﺟﺰﺋﻴﺎت ﺛﺒﺖ ﺷﺪه‬
e) A detailed record shall be kept to identify:
:‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫( ﺗﻌﺪاد دﻓﻌﺎت ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻦ ﺑﺘﻦ؛‬1
1) number of batches produced;
‫( ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﻣﺼﺮﻓﻲ؛‬2
2) proportions of materials used;
‫( ﻣﺤﻞ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﻲ ﺑﺘﻦ رﻳﺰي در ﺳﺎزه؛‬3
3) approximate location of final deposit in
structure;
4) time and date of mixing and placing.
.‫( زﻣﺎن و ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ اﺧﺘﻼط و ﺑﺘﻦ رﻳﺰي‬4
9.6.4 Normally, mechanical means shall be used
for concrete mixing, and hand mixing shall only
be allowed for small works, if approved by the
AR.
‫ ﺑﺮاي اﺧﺘﻼط ﺑﺘﻦ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ از اﺑﺰار ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ‬،ً‫ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﺎ‬4-6-9
9.6.5 Concrete mixing equipment shall be
sufficient for size of the structures to be
constructed and the concreting schedules, taking
also into account the need to ensure continuous
concreting for each structure.
‫ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات اﺧﺘﻼط ﺑﺘﻦ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺮاي اﺑﻌﺎد ﺳﺎزه در ﺣﺎل‬5-6-9
9.6.6 Mechanical means shall be used for
measuring concrete materials, and the concrete
composition shall be constant and identical with
those that proved to be optimum during the trial
mixing for each class of concrete.
‫ اﻧﺪازه ﮔﻴﺮي ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺑﺘﻦ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺎ وﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ اﻧﺠﺎم‬6-6-9
‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻧﻤﻮد و اﺧﺘﻼط دﺳﺘﻲ در ﺻﻮرت اﺟﺎزه ﻛﺎرﻓﺮﻣﺎ ﺑﺮاي‬
.‫ﻛﺎرﻫﺎي ﻛﻮﭼﻚ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻗﺒﻮل اﺳﺖ‬
‫ اﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎن از‬،‫ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﻛﺎﻓﻲ ﺑﻮده و ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ زﻣﺎن ﺑﻨﺪي ﺑﺘﻦ رﻳﺰي‬
.‫ﺗﻮاﻟﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﺑﺘﻦ ﺑﺮاي ﻫﺮ ﺳﺎزه را ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‬
‫ﺷﻮد و ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﺑﺘﻦ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ و ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﺷﺪه ﻃﻲ‬
.‫اﺧﺘﻼﻃﻬﺎي آزﻣﺎﻳﺸﻲ ﺑﺮاي ﻫﺮ رده ﺑﺘﻦ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
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9.7 Testing of Concrete
‫ آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺑﺘﻦ‬7-9
9.7.1 Slump Test
‫ آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ اﺳﻼﻣﭗ‬1-7-9
The slump test shall be performed in accordance
with ASTM C 143 "Test Method for Slump of
Portland Cement Concrete".
‫ "روش‬ASTM C 143 ‫آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ اﺳﻼﻣﭗ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس‬
.‫آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ اﺳﻼﻣﭗ ﺑﺘﻦ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﺷﺪه از ﺳﻴﻤﺎن ﭘﺮﺗﻠﻨﺪ" اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﻮد‬
9.7.1.1 Different slumps are needed for various
placements of concrete which is usually indicated
in the concrete specifications.
‫ ﻻزم‬،‫ ﺑﺮاي اﻧﻮاع ﺑﺘﻦ رﻳﺰيﻫﺎ اﺳﻼﻣﭗﻫﺎي ﻣﺘﻔﺎوت‬1-1-7-9
9.7.1.2 Slumps given in Table 9 are for concrete
consolidation by mechanical vibration.
‫ ﺑـﺮاي ﺑـﺘﻦ‬9 ‫ اﺳﻼﻣﭗﻫـﺎي داده ﺷـﺪه در ﺟـﺪول‬2-1-7-9
.‫اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻً در ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت ﺑﺘﻦ ذﻛﺮ ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‬
.‫ﻣﺘﺮاﻛﻢ ﺷﺪه ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻟﺮزاﻧﻨﺪه ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
TABLE 9 - RECOMMENDED SLUMPS FOR VARIOUS TYPES OF CONSTRUCTION
‫ اﺳﻼﻣﭗ ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎدي ﺑﺮاي اﻧﻮاع ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺳﺎزه‬-9 ‫ﺟﺪول‬
SLUMP, mm
CONCRETE
(mm) ‫اﺳﻼﻣﭗ‬
CONSTRUCTION
MAXIMUM
MINIMUM*
‫ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ‬
‫*ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ‬
75
25
75
25
‫ﺗﻴﺮﻫﺎ و دﻳﻮارﻫﺎي ﻣﺴﻠﺢ‬
100
25
Building columns
‫ﺳﺘﻮﻧﻬﺎي ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎن‬
100
25
Pavements and slabs
‫ﻛﻔﺴﺎزي ﻫﺎ و داﻟﻬﺎ‬
75
25
‫ﺑﺘﻦ ﺣﺠﻴﻢ‬
50
25
‫ﺳﺎزه ﺑﺘﻨﻲ‬
Reinforced foundation walls and footings
‫ﭘﻲ ﻫﺎ و دﻳﻮارﻫﺎي ﻣﺴﻠﺢ‬
Plain footings, caissons, and substructure walls
‫ ﻛﻴﺴﻮنﻫﺎ و دﻳﻮارﻫﺎي زﻳﺮﺳﺎزه‬،‫ﻓﻮﻧﺪاﺳﻴﻮن ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺴﻠﺢ‬
Beams and reinforced wall
Mass concrete
،‫ ﺑﺮاي ﻣﺜﺎل ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺑﻴﻞ و ﻣﻴﻠﻪ‬،‫ﺑﺮاي روﺷﻬﺎي ﺗﺮاﻛﻢ دﺳﺘﻲ‬
* May be increased 25 mm for consolidation by
hand methods such as rodding and spading.
*
.‫ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﻳﺎﺑﺪ‬25 ‫ﻣﻲﺗﻮاﻧﺪ‬
‫ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﮔﻴﺮي‬2-7-9
9.7.2 Sample test
Testing shall include compressive tests of molded
concrete cylinders, or cube (ASTM C 309)
depending on what the design has been based on
and slump tests for consistency.
‫آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ آزﻣﻮﻧﻬـﺎي ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻫــﺎي‬
‫( ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺒﻨﺎي‬ASTM C 309) ‫اﺳﺘﻮاﻧﻪاي ﻳﺎ ﻣﻜﻌﺒﻲ‬
.‫ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ و آزﻣﻮن ﻫﺎي اﺳﻼﻣﭗ ﺑﺮاي ﺳﻔﺘﻲ ﺑﺘﻦ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﻮد‬
9.7.2.1 Compressive test cylinders shall be
prepared in sets of three cylinders for all tests.
Specimens for each set shall be obtained at the
same time and from the same batch of concrete.
Tests shall be made for each 60 cubic meter pour
or portion thereof. There shall be at least one test
(3 specimens) for each day’s concreting.
‫ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي اﺳﺘﻮاﻧﻪ اي آزﻣﻮن ﻓﺸﺎر ﺑﺎﻳﺪ در‬1-2-7-9
‫ ﻫﺮ ﺳﺮي ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ‬.‫ﺳﺮﻳﻬﺎي ﺳﻪﺗﺎﺋﻲ ﺑﺮاي ﻫﺮ آزﻣﻮن ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ در ﻳﻚ زﻣﺎن و از ﺑﺘﻦ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه در ﻫﻤﺎن ﻧﻮﺑﺖ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ‬
‫ ﻣﺘﺮﻣﻜﻌﺐ ﺑﺘﻦ رﻳﺨﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه ﻳﺎ‬60‫ آزﻣﻮﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺮاي ﻫﺮ‬.‫ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
‫ ﻻزم اﺳﺖ ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﻳﻚ آزﻣﻮن )ﺳﻪ‬.‫ﺑﺨﺸﻲ از آن اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﻮد‬
.‫ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ( ﺑﺮاي ﻫﺮ روز ﺑﺘﻦ رﻳﺰي اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﻮد‬
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‫ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﺷﺪهاﻧﺪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬،‫ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮاي آزﻣﻮن ﻓﺸﺎر‬2-2-7-9
9.7.2.2 Samples from which compression test
specimens are molded shall be secured in
accordance with "Standard Method of Sampling
Freshly Mixed Concrete" (ASTM C172).
‫ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس "روش اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﮔﻴﺮي از ﺑﺘﻦ ﺗﺎزه ﻣﺨﻠﻮط‬
.‫( ﻣﺤﺎﻓﻈﺖ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬ASTM C172) "‫ﺷﺪه‬
‫ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﻻزم ﺑﺮاي ﻛﻨﺘﺮل ﻛﻔﺎﻳﺖ ﻧﺴﺒﺘﻬﺎي ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﺑﺘﻦ ﻳﺎ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﻋﻨﻮان ﻣﺒﻨﺎي ﭘﺬﻳﺮش ﺑﺘﻦ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻃﺒﻖ "ﺿﻮاﺑﻂ اﺟﺮاﻳﻲ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬
"‫ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻬﻴﻪ و ﻋﻤﻞ آوري ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺑﺘﻦ در ﻛﺎرﮔﺎه‬
.‫( ﺗﻬﻴﻪ و در آزﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎه ﻋﻤﻞآوري ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬ASTM C31)
Specimens made to check the adequacy of the
proportions for strength of concrete or as a basis
for acceptance of concrete shall be made and
laboratory cured in accordance with "Standard
Practice for Making and Curing Concrete Test
Specimens in the Field "(ASTM C31).
‫ ﻫﺮ ﺳﺮي از ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي اﺳﺘﻮاﻧﻪاي ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺸﺮح زﻳﺮ‬3-2-7-9
9.7.2.3 Each set of cylinders shall be tested as
follows:
:‫آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
.‫ﻳﻚ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ در روز ﻫﻔﺘﻢ‬
.‫دو ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ در روز ﺑﻴﺴﺖ و ﻫﺸﺘﻢ ﺑﺮاي ﭘﺬﻳﺮش‬
One cylinder at 7 days and,
Two cylinders at 28 days for acceptance.
‫ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﺑﺘﻦ در ﺻﻮرﺗﻲ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻗﺒﻮل ﺗﻠﻘﻲ‬4-2-7-9
9.7.2.4 The strength level of the concrete will be
considered satisfactory so long as the averages of
all sets of (3) three consecutive strength test
results equal or exceed the specified 28 day
crushing strength, and no individual strength test
result falls below the specified strength by more
than 2.5 MPa.
‫ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺗﻤﺎم ﺳﺮﻳﻬﺎي ﺳﻪﺗﺎﻳﻲ‬
‫ روزه‬28 ‫ ﺷﻜﺴﺖ‬،‫ﻣﺘﻮاﻟﻲ ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﻳﺎ ﺑﻴﺶ از ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ‬
2/5 ‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ و ﻫﻴﭽﻴﻚ از ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ ﺑﻴﺶ از‬
.‫ﻣﮕﺎﭘﺎﺳﻜﺎل ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﺗﺮ از ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺷﺪه ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ و ﻋﻤﻞ آوري ﺑﺘﻦ‬،‫ ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎﺋﻲ‬-10
10. HANDLING, WORKING AND CURING
OF CONCRETE
10.1 Handling of Concrete on Site
‫ ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎﺋﻲ ﺑﺘﻦ در ﻛﺎرﮔﺎه‬1-10
a) The method of concrete conveyance (e.g. by
skip, conveyor belt, pumping, compressed air)
and the composition of the concrete shall be
coordinated so as to prevent segregation.
،‫ ﻧﻮار ﻧﻘﺎﻟﻪ‬،‫ ﺳﻄﻞ‬:‫اﻟﻒ( روش ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺘﻦ )ﺑﺮاي ﻣﺜﺎل‬
b) Conveying equipment shall be capable of
providing a supply of concrete at site of
placement without separation of ingredients
and without interruptions sufficient to permit
loss of plasticity between successive
increments
‫ب( ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات اﻧﺘﻘﺎل ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﻮاﻧﺎﻳﻲ اﻧﺘﻘﺎل ﺑﺘﻦ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺤﻞ ﺑﺘﻦ‬
‫رﻳﺰي را ﺑﺪون ﺟﺪاﻳﻲ اﺟﺰاء و ﺑﺪون وﻗﻔﻪاي ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ از‬
.‫ داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬،‫دﺳﺖ دادن ﺣﺎﻟﺖ رواﻧﻲ ﺷﻮد‬
c) Segregation shall also be prevented when
concrete is poured into column or wall
formwork, one way of achieving this being to
pour the concrete through downpipes which
terminate only a short distance above the point
of deposit.
‫ج( ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ از ﺟﺪا ﺷﺪن اﺟﺰاء ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣﻴﻜﻪ ﺑﺘﻦ داﺧﻞ‬
d) The use of pipes made of light metal is not
permitted for pumping purposes.
‫د ( اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻟﻮﻟﻪﻫﺎي ﻓﻠﺰي ﺳﺒﻚ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﭘﻤﭗ ﻛﺮدن‬
e) The layout of pipes for conveying pumpable
concrete shall be such as to ensure an
uninterrupted flow of concrete through the
pipes. Where concrete is conveyed by
conveyor belt, scrapers and devices for holding
‫ﻫ( اﺳﺘﻘﺮار ﻟﻮﻟﻪﻫﺎي ﺣﻤﻞ ﺑﺘﻦ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ اﻧﺘﻘﺎل ﺑﺎ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬
‫ﭘﻤﭗ ﻛﺮدن و ﻫﻮاي ﻓﺸﺮده( و ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﺎت آن ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻨﺤﻮي‬
.‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ از ﺟﺪاﻳﻲ اﺟﺰاء ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮي ﺷﻮد‬
‫ ﻳﻚ‬.‫ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮي ﺷﻮد‬،‫ﻗﺎﻟﺒﻬﺎي ﺳﺘﻮن ﻳﺎ دﻳﻮار رﻳﺨﺘﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‬
‫ ﺑﺘﻦرﻳﺰي ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻧﺎوداﻧﻲﻫﺎﻳﻲ‬،‫روش ﺑﺮاي ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ اﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر‬
‫ ﺑﺘﻦ را ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ‬،‫اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ در ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﻛﻤﻲ از ﻣﺤﻞ ﺑﺘﻦ رﻳﺰي‬
.‫ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‬
.‫ﺑﺘﻦ ﻣﺠﺎز ﻧﻤﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ﺑﺼﻮرﺗﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﺑﺘﻦ ﺑﺪون ﻗﻄﻊ را در داﺧﻞ ﻟﻮﻟﻪﻫﺎ‬
‫ درﻣﻮاردﻳﻜﻪ ﺑﺘﻦ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻧﻮار ﻧﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺣﻤﻞ‬.‫ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‬
‫ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ دﺳﺘﮕﺎﻫﻬﺎ و ادواﺗﻲ ﺑﺮاي ﻧﮕﻬﺪاري ﺑﺘﻦ در‬،‫ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‬
26
Feb. 2009 / 1387 ‫ﺑﻬﻤﻦ‬
the concrete together shall be provided at the
throw-off point.
IPS-C-CE-200(1)
.‫ﻧﻘﻄﻪ اﻧﺘﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﻓﺮاﻫﻢ ﺷﻮد‬
‫ﭼﭽﭽﭻ‬
‫ اﺗﺼﺎﻻت ﻳﺎ ﺳﻄﻮح‬،‫و( ﻫﻨﮕﺎم ﺑﺘﻦ رﻳﺰي ﺑﺎﻳﺪ آرﻣﺎﺗﻮرﻫﺎ‬
f) When placing concrete, care shall be taken
that any reinforcement, fittings, or formwork
surfaces, etc. in position for a later concreting
phase do not become encrusted with concrete.
‫ﻗﺎﻟﺒﻬﺎ و ﻏﻴﺮه ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮاي ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺑﻌﺪي ﺑﺘﻦ رﻳﺰي آﻣﺎده‬
.‫ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺘﻦ آﻏﺸﺘﻪ ﻧﺸﻮﻧﺪ‬،‫ﺷﺪهاﻧﺪ‬
‫ ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ ﺑﺘﻦ‬2-10
10.2 Depositing
10.2.1 Concrete shall be deposited as nearly as
practical in its final position to avoid segregation
due to rehandling or flowing.
‫ ﺑﺘﻦ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ در ﻧﺰدﻳﻜﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ از ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻴﺖ‬1-2-10
10.2.2 Concreting shall be carried on at such a rate
that concrete is at all times plastic and flows
readily into spaces between reinforcement.
‫ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ ﺑﺘﻦ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ در ﺣﺪي ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻫﻤﻮاره‬2-2-10
‫ﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ آن ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ ﺷﻮد ﺗﺎ از ﺟﺪاﻳﻲ داﻧﻪﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ دﻟﻴﻞ ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎﻳﻲ و‬
.‫ﺟﺎري ﺷﺪن ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮي ﺷﻮد‬
‫ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺧﻤﻴﺮي آن ﺣﺬف ﺷﺪه و ﺑﻪ راﺣﺘﻲ ﺑﻴﻦ آرﻣﺎﺗﻮرﻫﺎ ﺟﺮﻳﺎن‬
.‫ﻳﺎﺑﺪ‬
10.2.3 Concrete that has partially hardened or
been contaminated by foreign materials shall not
be deposited in the structure.
‫ ﺑﺘﻨﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺗﺎ ﺣﺪي ﺳﻔﺖ ﺷﺪه ﻳﺎ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺧﺎرﺟﻲ‬3-2-10
10.2.4 Retempered concrete or concrete that has
been remixed after initial set shall not be used
unless approved by the AR.
‫ ﺑﺘﻨﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ از ﮔﻴﺮش اﺑﺘﺪاﻳﻲ دوﺑﺎره ﻣﺨﻠﻮط ﺷﺪه ﻳﺎ‬4-2-10
10.2.5 After concreting is started, it shall be
carried on as a continuous operation until placing
of a panel or section, as defined by its boundaries
or predetermined joints, is completed except as
permitted or prohibited by Clause 12.
‫ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت ﺗﺎ ﺗﻜﻤﻴﻞ ﺑﺘﻦ رﻳﺰي‬،‫ ﺑﻌﺪ از ﺷﺮوع ﺑﺘﻦ رﻳﺰي‬5-2-10
10.2.6 Top surfaces of vertically formed lifts shall
be generally level.
‫ ﺳﻄﻮح ﺑﺎﻻﻳﻲ ﻗﺎﻟﺐﻫﺎي ﻋﻤﻮدي ﻋﻤﻮﻣﺎً ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﺮاز‬6-2-10
10.2.7 When construction joints are required,
joints shall be made in accordance with Clause 12.
‫ درزﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬،‫ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣﻴﻜﻪ ﻧﻴﺎز ﺑﻪ درزﻫﺎي اﺟﺮاﻳﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬7-2-10
10.2.8 All concrete shall be thoroughly compacted
(consolidated) by suitable means during
placement and shall be thoroughly worked around
reinforcement and embedded fixtures and into
corners of forms.
ً‫ ﺑﺘﻦ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺎ وﺳﺎﻳﻞ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ در ﺣﻴﻦ ﺑﺘﻦ رﻳﺰي ﻛﺎﻣﻼ‬8-2-10
.‫آﻟﻮده ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ در ﺑﺘﻦ رﻳﺰي ﺳﺎزه ﺑﻜﺎر رود‬
‫آب داده ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻗﺮار ﮔﻴﺮد ﻣﮕﺮ ﺑﺎ اﺟﺎزه‬
.‫ﻛﺎرﻓﺮﻣﺎ‬
‫ﺗﻤﺎم ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻳﺎ ﻣﻘﻄﻊ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺪون ﺗﻮﻗﻒ و ﺗﺎ ﻣﺮز ﻫﺮ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻳﺎ‬
‫درزﻫﺎي از ﭘﻴﺶ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺷﺪه اداﻣﻪ ﻳﺎﺑﺪ ﺑﺠﺰ در ﻣﻮاردﻳﻜﻪ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ‬
.‫ ﻣﺠﺎز ﻳﺎ ﻣﻤﻨﻮع ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ‬12 ‫ﺑﻨﺪ‬
.‫ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬
.‫ اﺟﺮا ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬12 ‫ﻃﺒﻖ ﺑﻨﺪ‬
‫ﻣﺘﺮاﻛﻢ )ﺗﺤﻜﻴﻢ( ﺷﻮد و ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﻛﺎﻣﻞ اﻃﺮاف آرﻣﺎﺗﻮرﻫﺎ و‬
.‫ﻗﻄﻌﺎت ﻛﺎر ﮔﺬاﺷﺘﻪ ﺷـــﺪه و ﮔﻮﺷﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻗﺎﻟﺐ را ﭘﺮ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‬
‫ اﺟﺮاي ﺑﺘﻦ رﻳﺰي‬3-10
10.3 Working of Concrete
‫ زﻣﺎن اﺟﺮا‬1-3-10
10.3.1 Working Time
‫اﺟﺮاي ﺑﺘﻦ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺴﻠﺢ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺤﺾ اﺧﺘﻼط و ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺘﻦ آﻣﺎده‬
‫ اﻳﻦ اﻣﺮ‬،‫ ﺗﺤﺖ ﻫﺮ ﺷﺮاﻳﻄﻲ‬.‫ﺑﻪ ﻣﺤﺾ درﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﺑﺘﻦ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﻮد‬
.‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﭘﻴﺶ از ﺳﻔﺖ ﺷﺪن ﻳﺎ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ در ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﺑﺘﻦ ﺻﻮرت ﮔﻴﺮد‬
‫ دﻗﻴﻘﻪ‬60 ‫ ﺣﻤﻞ و رﻳﺨﺘﻦ ﺑﺘﻦ ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻴﺶ از‬،‫زﻣﺎن ﻛﻞ اﺧﺘﻼط‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮل اﻧﺠﺎﻣﺪ ﺿﻤﻦ آﻧﻜﻪ ﻻزم اﺳﺖ از ﺟﺪاﺷﺪن اﺟﺰاء‬
.‫ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮي و ﻛﺎرآﻳﻲ ﺑﺘﻦ ﺣﻔﻆ ﺷﻮد‬
Plain concrete shall be worked as soon as possible
after mixing, and ready-mixed concrete as soon as
possible after delivery. In any event, this shall be
before it stiffens or changes in composition. The
total time for mixing, transportation and pouring
of the concrete should generally not exceed 60
minutes under conditions that prevent segregation
and maintain workability.
27
Feb. 2009 / 1387 ‫ﺑﻬﻤﻦ‬
IPS-C-CE-200(1)
(‫ ﺗﺮاﻛﻢ )ﺗﺤﻜﻴﻢ‬2-3-10
10.3.2 Compaction (Consolidation)
1) Reinforcing bars shall be densely embedded
in concrete, which shall be thoroughly
compacted (consolidated) by means of
vibration, punning, tamping, rapping of
formwork, etc., particularly in corners and
along the sides of the formwork.
‫( آرﻣﺎﺗﻮرﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻛﺎﻣﻼً در ﻣﺤﻞ ﺧﻮد ﻣﺤﻜﻢ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﺗﺎ ﭘﺲ از‬1
2) While compacting (consolidating) by
vibration methods, surface vibrators shall
move slowly to enable the concrete below to
soften while leaving behind them a solid mass.
Where powerful surface vibrators are used, the
layer of concrete after compaction should be
not more than 200 mm deep. Where formwork
vibrators are used, it shall be borne in mind
that the depth to which they are able to
compact the concrete is limited, this also
depending on the design of the formwork.
‫ ﻟﺮزاﻧﺪن‬،‫( ﻫﻨﮕﺎم ﺗﺮاﻛﻢ )ﺗﺤﻜﻴﻢ( ﺑﻪ روﺷﻬﺎي وﻳﺒﺮه ﻛﺮدن‬2
‫ ﺗﻜﺎن‬،‫ ﺿﺮﺑﻪ زدن‬،‫ﺗﺮاﻛﻢ )ﺗﺤﻜﻴﻢ( ﺑﺘﻦ از ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻟﺮزاﻧﺪان‬
‫دادن ﻗﺎﻟﺐ و ﻏﻴﺮه ﺑﻪ وﻳﮋه در ﮔﻮﺷﻪﻫﺎ و ﻛﻨﺎرﻫﺎي ﻗﺎﻟﺐ‬
.‫دﭼﺎر ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻧﺸﻮﻧﺪ‬
‫ﺳﻄﺤﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ آراﻣﻲ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﻛﺮده ﺗﺎ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺑﺘﻦ زﻳﺮﻳﻦ‬
‫ و ﺑﺘﻦ زﻳﺮ آن ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮده ﻳﻜﭙﺎرﭼﻪ و ﺳﻔﺖ‬،‫ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻧﺮم درآﻣﺪه‬
‫ درﻣﻮارﻳﻜﻪ از ﻟﺮزاﻧﻨﺪهﻫﺎي ﺳﻄﺤﻲ ﭘﺮﻗﺪرت‬.‫ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﺷﻮد‬
‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﻲﺷﻮد ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﻻﻳﻪ ﺑﺘﻦ ﺑﻌﺪ از ﺗﺤﻜﻴﻢ ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ‬
‫ در ﻣﻮاردﻳﻜﻪ از ﻟﺮزاﻧﻨﺪهﻫﺎي‬.‫ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬200 ‫ﺑﻴﺶ از‬
‫ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ داﺷﺖ ﻋﻤﻘﻲ ﻛﻪ اﻳﻦ‬،‫ﻗﺎﻟﺐ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‬
‫ﻟﺮزاﻧﻨﺪهﻫﺎ ﺗﻮاﻧﺎﻳﻲ ﺗﺮاﻛﻢ ﺑﺘﻦ را دارﻧﺪ ﻣﺤﺪود ﺑﻮده و ﺑﻪ‬
.‫ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﺴﺘﮕﻲ دارد‬
3) Concrete with consistence range of soft to
flowing properties may also be compacted
(consolidated) by punning, taking care to work
the concrete thoroughly to form a solid, voidfree mass.
‫( ﺑﺘﻦ ﺑﺎ درﺟﻪ ﺳﻔﺘﻲ ﻧﺮم ﺗﺎ روان را ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﺸﺮط اﻳﺠﺎد ﻳﻚ‬3
4) Tamping may be used for concrete of stiff
consistence, the concrete after compaction
being not more than 150 mm in depth.
Tamping shall preferably be by mechanical
means,
‫( روش ﻛﻮﺑﻴﺪن ﻣﻲﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﺑﺘﻦ ﺑﺎ درﺟﻪ ﺳﻔﺘﻲ‬4
although hand tamping is also permitted, and
shall be carried out until the concrete softens
whilst acquiring a closed surface structure.
Individual layers should, where possible, be
normal to the direction of compression, and
tamping shall be in the direction of
compression. Where this is not possible, the
concrete shall be at least of plastic consistence
in order to ensure that there are no tamping
joints parallel to the direction of compression.
‫اﮔﺮ ﭼﻪ ﻛﻮﺑﻴﺪن دﺳﺘﻲ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﺠﺎز اﺳﺖ و ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺣﺪ ﻧﺮم‬
‫ ﻣﻲﺗﻮان ﺑﻪ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺿﺮﺑﻪ زدن‬،‫ﺗﻮده ﻳﻜﭙﺎرﭼﻪ و ﺑﺪون ﺣﻔﺮه‬
.‫ﻣﺘﺮاﻛﻢ ﻧﻤﻮد‬
150 ‫ ﺑﺘﻦ ﺑﻌﺪ از ﻛﻮﺑﻴﺪن ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻴﺶ از‬.‫ﺑﺎﻻ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﻮد‬
‫ ﻛﻮﺑﻴﺪن ﺑﻬﺘﺮ اﺳﺖ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ‬.‫ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ ﻋﻤﻖ داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
.‫وﺳﺎﻳﻞ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ اﻧﺠﺎم ﭘﺬﻳﺮد‬
‫ ﻫﺮ ﻳﻚ از ﻻﻳﻪ‬.‫ﺷﺪن ﻫﻤﺮاه ﺑﺎ ﻳﻜﭙﺎرﭼﮕﻲ ﺳﻄﺢ اداﻣﻪ ﻳﺎﺑﺪ‬
‫ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺣﺪ اﻣﻜﺎن ﻋﻤﻮد ﺑﺮ ﺟﻬﺖ ﻓﺸﺎر ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ و ﻛﻮﺑﻴﺪن‬
‫ در ﻣﻮاردﻳﻜﻪ اﻳﻦ اﻣﺮ اﻣﻜﺎن ﭘﺬﻳﺮ‬.‫در ﺟﻬﺖ ﻓﺸﺎر ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ﻧﻴﺴﺖ ﺑﺘﻦ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺧﻤﻴﺮي را ﺟﻬﺖ اﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎن از‬
.‫ داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬،‫ﻋﺪم وﺟﻮد درز ﻣﻮازي ﺑﺎ ﺟﻬﺖ ﻓﺸﺎر‬
،‫( در ﺻﻮرت ﻧﺒﻮد ﺿﻮاﺑﻄﻲ ﺟﻬﺖ درزﻫﺎي ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻧﻲ‬5
5) If no provision is made for construction
joints, the time intervals between placing
individual layers shall be kept as short as
possible since, to achieve an effective bond
between layers, no new layer shall be placed
on one which has already set. Where
immersion vibrators are used, the head shall
penetrate into the lower layer, in which
compaction has already taken place.
‫ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ زﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺑﺘﻦ رﻳﺰي ﻻﻳﻪﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ ﺗﺎ اﺗﺼﺎل ﻣﺆﺛﺮي ﺑﻴﻦ‬،‫ﻛﻮﺗﺎﻫﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺣﺪ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺗﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﻳﺎﺑﺪ‬
‫ از ﺑﺘﻦ رﻳﺰي روي ﻳﻚ ﻻﻳﻪ از ﭘﻴﺶ‬.‫ﻻﻳﻪﻫﺎ اﻳﺠﺎد ﺷﻮد‬
‫ درﻣﻮاردﻳﻜﻪ از ﻟﺮزاﻧﻨﺪهﻫﺎي‬.‫ﺳﺨﺖ ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺧﻮدداري ﻛﺮد‬
‫ ﺳﺮ وﻳﺒﺮه ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺼﻮرت ﻗﺎﺋﻢ در‬،‫ﻏﻮﻃﻪور اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‬
.‫ ﻧﻔﻮذ ﻛﻨﺪ‬،‫ﻻﻳﻪ زﻳﺮي ﻛﻪ ﻗﺒﻼً ﻣﺘﺮاﻛﻢ ﺷﺪه‬
28
Feb. 2009 / 1387 ‫ﺑﻬﻤﻦ‬
IPS-C-CE-200(1)
‫ ﻋﻤﻞ آوري‬4-10
10.4 Curing
10.4.1 Concrete (other than high-early-strength)
shall be maintained above 10°C and in a moist
condition for at least the first 7 days after
placement, except when cured in accordance with
10.4.7.
‫ درﺟﻪ‬10 ‫ ﺑﺘﻦ )ﺑﺠﺰ ﺑﺘﻦ زود ﮔﻴﺮ( ﺑﺎﻳﺪ در دﻣﺎي ﺑﺎﻻي‬1-4-10
10.4.2 High-early-strength concrete shall be
maintained above 10°C and in a moist condition
for at least the first 3 days, except when cured in
accordance with 10.4.7.
‫ درﺟﻪ‬10 ‫ ﺑﺘﻦ زود ﮔﻴﺮ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ در دﻣﺎي ﺑﺎﻻي‬2-4-10
‫ روز ﻧﮕﻬﺪاري‬3 ‫ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮاد و در ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﻣﺮﻃﻮب ﺑﺮاي ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ‬
.‫ ﻋﻤﻞ آوري ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬7-4-10‫ﺷﻮد ﺑﺠﺰ ﻣﻮاردﻳﻜﻪ ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس ﺑﻨﺪ‬
10.4.3 Until it has sufficiently hardened, concrete
shall be protected from harmful effects such as
severe cooling or heating, premature drying out
(including by wind), leaching out by rain or
flowing water, chemical attack, or vibration and
impact which may disrupt the concrete and
interfere with its bond to the reinforcement. This
shall also apply to sealing mortar and to the
concrete used as a filler for joints between precast
members.
‫ ﺗﺎ زﻣﺎﻧﻴﻜﻪ ﺑﺘﻦ ﻛﺎﻣﻼً ﺳﻔﺖ ﻧﺸﺪه ﺑﺎﻳﺪ از اﺛﺮات ﻣﻀﺮ‬3-4-10
‫ روز ﺑﻌﺪ از‬7 ‫ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮاد و در ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﻣﺮﻃﻮب ﺑﺮاي ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ‬
‫ ﺑﺠﺰ ﻣﻮاردﻳﻜﻪ ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس ﺑﻨﺪ‬،‫ﺑﺘﻦرﻳﺰي ﻗﺮار داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
.‫ ﻋﻤﻞ آوري ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬7-4-10
‫ ﺧﺸﻚ ﺷﺪن ﭘﻴﺶ از ﻣﻮﻋﺪ‬،‫ ﮔﺮﻣﺎ و ﺳﺮﻣﺎي ﺷﺪﻳﺪ‬:‫ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ‬
،‫ ﺧﻴﺲ ﺷﺪن ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺑﺎران و ﻳﺎ آب ﺟﺎري‬،(‫)از ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﺑﻮﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﺑﺎد‬
‫ ﻟﺮزش و ﺿﺮﺑﻪ اي ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﮔﺴﻴﺨﺘﮕﻲ‬،‫ﺗﻬﺎﺟﻢ ﻣﻮاد ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻲ‬
‫ اﻳﻦ‬.‫ﺑﺘﻦ و اﺗﺼﺎل آن ﺑﺎ آرﻣﺎﺗﻮرﻫﺎ ﻣﻲﺷﻮد ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮي ﺑﻌﻤﻞ آﻳﺪ‬
‫اﻣﺮ در ﻣﻼﺗﻬﺎي آب ﺑﻨﺪي و ﺑﺘﻦ ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده در درزﻫﺎي ﺑﻴﻦ‬
.‫اﻋﻀﺎي ﭘﻴﺶ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ رﻋﺎﻳﺖ ﺷﻮد‬
‫ ﭘﻴﺎده روﻫﺎ و‬،‫ ﻋﻤﻞ آوري ﺳﻄﻮح اﻓﻘﻲ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﻛﻔﺴﺎزﻳﻬﺎ‬4-4-10
10.4.4 On flat surfaces such as pavements,
sidewalks and floors, curing can be accomplished
by immersion of the finished concrete, called
ponding, which will prevent loss of moisture and
is effective for maintaining a uniform temperature
in the concrete. The curing water temperature
should not be more than 11°C cooler than the
concrete to prevent thermal stresses that could
result in cracking.
‫ ﻣﻲﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺑﺎ ﻏﻮﻃﻪوري ﺑﺘﻦ رﻳﺨﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه ﻛﻪ‬،‫ﻛﻔﻬﺎي ﺳﺎزهاي‬
‫ ﺻﻮرت ﭘﺬﻳﺮد ﻛﻪ ﻣﺎﻧﻊ از دﺳﺖ دادن‬،‫ﻏﺮﻗﺎب ﻧﺎﻣﻴﺪه ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‬
‫ دﻣﺎي‬.‫رﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﺷﺪه و ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺣﻔﻆ دﻣﺎي ﻳﻜﻨﻮاﺧﺖ ﺑﺘﻦ ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‬
‫ درﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮاد ﺳﺮدﺗﺮ از‬11 ‫آب ﻋﻤﻞآوري ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻴﺶ از‬
‫دﻣﺎي ﺑﺘﻦ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺗﺎ از اﻳﺠﺎد ﺗﺮك ﻫﺎي ﻧﺎﺷﻲ از ﺗﻨﺸﻬﺎي ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ‬
.‫ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮي ﺷﻮد‬
10.4.5 Plastic sheet materials such as polyethylene
film used for curing concrete should conform to
ASTM C 171.
‫ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت ورﻗﻬﺎي ﭘﻼﺳﺘﻴﻜﻲ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﻻﻳﻪﻫﺎي‬5-4-10
10.4.6 Curing compound should conform to
ASTM C 309.
‫ ﺗـــﺮﻛﻴﺒﺎت ﻣﻮاد ﻋﻤــﻞآوري ﺑــﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﻄﺎﺑـــﻖ ﺑﺎ‬6-4-10
‫ﭘﻠﻲاﺗﻴﻠﻦ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮاي ﻋﻤﻞ آوري ﺑﺘﻦ ﺑﻜﺎر ﻣﻲرود ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﺑﺎ‬
.‫ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬ASTM C 171 ‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬
.‫ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬ASTM C 309
‫ ﻋﻤﻞ آوري ﺳﺮﻳﻊ‬7-4-10
10.4.7 Accelerated curing
10.4.7.1 Curing by high pressure steam, steam at
atmospheric pressure, heat and moisture, or other
accepted processes, shall be permitted to
accelerate strength gain and reduce time of curing.
،‫ ﺑﺨﺎر ﺑﺎ ﻓﺸﺎر ﺟﻮ‬،‫ ﻋﻤﻞ آوري ﺑﺎ ﺑﺨﺎر ﻓﺸﺎر ﺑﺎﻻ‬1-7-4-10
10.4.7.2 Accelerated curing shall provide a
compressive strength of the concrete at the load
stage considered at least equal to required design
strength at that load stage.
‫ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﻓﺸﺎري ﺑﺘﻦ در‬،‫ درﻋﻤﻞ آوري ﺳﺮﻳﻊ‬2-7-4-10
10.4.7.3 Members subjected to heat treatment
shall be kept moist since hardening is not
generally completed by the end of the treatment
‫ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ اﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﺳﻔﺖ ﺷﺪن اﻋﻀﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺗﺤﺖ‬3-7-4-10
‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ ﻗﺮار ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﺎً در زﻣﺎن ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ‬
‫ﺣﺮارت و رﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﻳﺎ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻓﺮآﻳﻨﺪﻫﺎي ﻣﻮرد ﻗﺒﻮل ﻛﻪ ﺟﻬﺖ‬
‫ﺗﺴﺮﻳﻊ در ﻛﺴﺐ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ و ﻛﺎﻫﺶ زﻣﺎن ﻋﻤﻞ آوري ﺻﻮرت‬
.‫ ﻣﺠﺎز اﺳﺖ‬،‫ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮد‬
‫ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺑﺎرﮔﺬاري ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻈﺮ را ﻣﻌﺎدل ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻴﺎز‬
.‫ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ در آن ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺑﺎرﮔﺬاري ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‬
29
Feb. 2009 / 1387 ‫ﺑﻬﻤﻦ‬
and the concrete dries out considerably during
cooling.
IPS-C-CE-200(1)
‫ آب از دﺳﺖ‬،‫ﺗﻜﻤﻴﻞ ﻧﻤﻲﺷﻮد و ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﻃﻲ ﺳﺮد ﺷﺪن‬
.‫ ﻻزم اﺳﺖ اﻳﻦ اﻋﻀﺎء ﻣﺮﻃﻮب ﻧﮕﻬﺪاﺷﺘﻪ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬،‫ﻣﻲدﻫﻨﺪ‬
‫ ﻓﺮآﻳﻨﺪ ﻋﻤﻞ آوري ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺑﺘﻦ ﺑﺎدوام و‬4-7-4-10
10.4.7.4 Curing process shall be such as to
produce concrete with durability at least
equivalent to the curing method of 10.4.1 or
10.4.2.
‫ ﻳﺎ‬1-4-10 ‫ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﻣﻌﺎدل روﺷﻬﺎي ﻋﻤﻞ آوري ﺑﻨﺪﻫﺎي‬
.‫ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬2-4-10
‫ در ﺻﻮرت درﺧﻮاﺳﺖ ﻛﺎرﻓﺮﻣﺎ ﻻزم اﺳﺖ‬5-7-4-10
10.4.7.5 When required by the AR, supplementary
strength tests in accordance with 9.3 shall be
performed to assure that curing is satisfactory.
‫ ﺑﺮاي اﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎن‬3-9 ‫آزﻣﺎﻳﺸﻬﺎي ﺗﻜﻤﻴﻠﻲ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺘﻲ ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس ﺑﻨﺪ‬
.‫از ﻛﻔﺎﻳﺖ ﻋﻤﻞ آوري ﺑﺘﻦ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﻮد‬
‫ ﺑﺘﻦ رﻳﺰي در ﻫﻮاي ﺳﺮد‬8-4-10
10.4.8 Cold weather concreting
Cold weather is defined as that in which average
daily temperature is less than 5°C, except that if
temperatures above 10°C occur during at least 12
hours in any day, the concrete should no longer be
regarded as winter concrete and normal curing
practice should apply. For recommended concrete
temperatures see Table 10.
‫آب و ﻫﻮاي ﺳﺮد ﺑﻪ آب و ﻫﻮاﻳﻲ اﺗﻼق ﻣﻲﺷﻮد ﻛﻪ دﻣﺎي‬
‫ درﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮاد ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺑﺠﺰ ﻣﻮاردﻳﻜﻪ‬5 ‫ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ روزاﻧﻪ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ از‬
‫ ﺳﺎﻋﺖ از روز وﺟﻮد‬12 ‫ درﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮاد ﻃﻲ‬10 ‫دﻣﺎي ﺑﺎﻻي‬
‫داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ در اﻳﻦ ﺻﻮرت ﺑﺘﻦ ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﺑﺘﻦ‬
‫زﻣﺴﺘﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﺪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻗﺮار ﮔﻴﺮد و ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻋﻤﻞ آوري ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻟﻲ ﺑﺮاي آن‬
10 ‫ ﺑﺮاي دﻣﺎﻫﺎي ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﺷﺪه ﺑﺘﻦ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺪول‬.‫اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﻮد‬
.‫ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﺷﻮد‬
10.4.8.1 Adequate equipment shall be provided
for heating concrete materials and protecting
concrete during freezing or near-freezing weather.
‫ ﺑﺮاي ﮔﺮم ﻛﺮدن ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ و ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺑﺘﻦ در دﻣﺎي‬1-8-4-10
10.4.8.2 All concrete materials and reinforcement,
forms, fillers, and ground with which concrete is
to come in contact shall be free from frost.
‫ ﭘﺮﻛﻨﻨﺪهﻫﺎ و زﻣﻴﻦ‬،‫ ﻗﺎﻟﺒﻬﺎ‬،‫ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺑﺘﻦ و آرﻣﺎﺗﻮرﻫﺎ‬2-8-4-10
.‫زﻳﺮ ﺻﻔﺮ ﻳﺎ ﻧﺰدﻳﻚ ﺑﻪ آن ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات ﻛﺎﻓﻲ ﻓﺮاﻫﻢ ﺷﻮد‬
‫ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻋﺎري از‬،‫و آﻧﭽﻪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺘﻦ در ﺗﻤﺎس ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
.‫ﻳﺦ زدﮔﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
10.4.8.3 Frozen materials or materials containing
ice shall not be used.
.‫ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﻳﺦ زده ﻳﺎ آﻏﺸﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻳﺦ ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻜﺎر روﻧﺪ‬3-8-4-10
10.4.8.4 Concrete that has been frozen just once at
an early age may be restored to early normal
strength by providing favorable curing conditions.
Such concrete, however, is not as resistant to
weathering nor is it as water tight as concrete that
has not been frozen. Air-Entrained concrete is less
susceptible to damage by early freezing than
concrete without entrained air.
‫ ﻳﺦ زده‬،‫ ﺑﺘﻨﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﻳﻜﺒﺎر در اﺑﺘﺪاي ﺳﺎﺧﺖ‬4-8-4-10
10.4.8.5 Concrete should not be cast on frozen
concrete or on frozen ground. Aggregate shall be
free from snow, ice and frost. If required, the
water and, where necessary, the aggregate shall be
preheated. Water at a temperature of above +70°C
shall first be mixed with the aggregate before
cement is added. Particularly for slender members
it is advisable to increase the cement content or to
use cement of a higher strength class, or both.
‫ ﺑﺘﻦ ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ روي ﺑﺘﻦ ﻳﺦ زده ﻳﺎ زﻣﻴﻦ ﻳﺦ زده‬5-8-4-10
‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻣﻲﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﻋﻤﻞ آوري ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ‬
‫ ﺑﺎ اﻳﻦ ﺣﺎل ﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﺑﺘﻨﻲ را ﻧﻤﻲﺗﻮان ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان‬.‫ﻋﺎدي ﺧﻮد ﺑﺮﺳﺪ‬
‫ﺑﺘﻦ ﻣﻘﺎوم در ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﺳﺨﺖ آب و ﻫﻮاﻳﻲ و ﻳﺎ ﺑﺘﻦ آب ﺑﻨﺪ‬
‫ ﺑﺘﻦ ﻫﻮا داده در ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺘﻦ ﺑﺪون ﻫﻮا آﺳﻴﺐ‬.‫در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ‬
.‫ﻛﻤﺘﺮي در ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﻳﺦ زدﮔــﻲ زود رس ﻣﻲﺑﻴﻨﺪ‬
‫ در‬.‫ ﺳﻨﮕﺪاﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ از ﺑﺮف و ﻳﺦ ﺣﻔﻆ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬.‫رﻳﺨﺘﻪ ﺷﻮد‬
‫ آب در دﻣﺎي‬.‫ﺻﻮرت ﻟﺰوم آب و ﺳﻨﮕﺪاﻧﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﭘﻴﺶ ﮔﺮم ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
‫ درﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮاد ﺑﺎﻳﺪ اﺑﺘﺪا ﺑﺎ ﺳﻨﮕﺪاﻧﻪﻫﺎ ﻣﺨﻠﻮط ﺷﺪه‬70 ‫ﺑﺎﻻي‬
‫ ﺑﻮﻳﮋه ﺑﺮاي ﻗﻄﻌﺎت ﻻﻏﺮ‬.‫و ﺳﭙﺲ ﺑﻪ آن ﺳﻴﻤﺎن اﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﺷﻮد‬
‫ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮد ﻣﻘﺪار ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮي ﺳﻴﻤﺎن اﻓﺰوده ﺷﺪه ﻳﺎ از ﺳﻴﻤﺎن‬
.‫ﺑﺎ درﺟﻪ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﻮد‬
‫ زودﮔﻴﺮ ﻛﻨﻨﺪهﻫﺎ ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺰﻳﻦ ﺑﺮاي‬6-8-4-10
10.4.8.6 Accelerators shall not be used as a
substitute for proper curing and frost protection.
Also, the use of antifreeze compounds or other
‫ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﺎت‬.‫ﻋﻤﻞ آوري و ﺿﺪﻳﺦ ﺑﻜﺎر روﻧﺪ‬
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materials to lower the freezing point of concrete
shall not be permitted.
‫ﺿﺪﻳﺦ و ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺤـﻲ ﻛـﻪ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ اﻧﺠﻤﺎد ﺑﺘـﻦ را ﭘﺎﻳﻴـﻦ‬
.‫ ﻣﺠـﺎز ﻧﻤﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬،‫ﻣﻲﺑﺮﻧﺪ‬
10.4.8.7 Accelerators containing chlorides should
not be used where there is an inservice potential
for corrosion.
‫ زودﮔﻴﺮﻛﻨﻨﺪهﻫﺎي ﺣﺎوي ﻛﻠﺮاﻳﺪﻫﺎ ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ در ﺟﺎﻳﻲ‬7-8-4-10
10.4.8.8 During cold weather, the concrete mixing
temperature should be controlled so that when the
concrete is placed its temperature is not below the
values shown in Line 1 of Table 10. Placement
temperatures should not be higher than the
minimum values by more than 11° C.
‫ دﻣﺎي ﻣﺨﻠﻮط ﺑﺘﻦ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬،‫ در آب و ﻫﻮاي ﺳﺮد‬8-8-4-10
.‫ ﺑﻜﺎر روﻧﺪ‬،‫ﻛﻪ ﭘﺘﺎﻧﺴﻴﻞ ﺧﻮردﮔﻲ وﺟﻮد دارد‬
‫ ﺑﻄﻮرﻳﻜﻪ ﻫﻨﮕﺎم رﻳﺨﺘﻦ ﺑﺘﻦ در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ دﻣﺎي آن‬،‫ﻛﻨﺘﺮل ﺷﻮد‬
.‫ ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ‬10 ‫ﻛﻤﺘﺮ از ﻣﻘﺎدﻳﺮ ﻧﺸﺎن داده ﺷﺪه در ردﻳﻒ اول ﺟﺪول‬
‫ درﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮاد از ﻣﻘﺎدﻳﺮ‬11 ‫دﻣﺎي ﺑﺘﻦ رﻳﺰي ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻴﺶ از‬
.‫ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ درﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮاد ﺑﺎﻻي ﻣﻘﺎدﻳﺮ‬8 ‫دﻣﺎي ﻣﺨﻠﻮط ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻴﺶ از‬
.‫ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬4 ‫ و‬3 ، 2 ‫ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﺷﺪه در ردﻳﻒ ﻫﺎي‬
The mixing temperature should not be more than
8° C above the recommended values in Lines 2, 3,
and 4.
TABLE 10 - RECOMMENDED CONCRETE TEMPERATURE FOR COLD-WEATHER
CONSTRUCTION; AIR-ENTRAINED CONCRETE
‫ دﻣﺎي ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﺷﺪه ﺑﺮاي اﺟﺮاي ﺑﺘﻦ در ﻫﻮاي ﺳﺮد؛ ﺑﺘﻦ ﻫﻮا داده‬-10 ‫ﺟﺪول‬
Section size, minimum dimension, in. (mm)
Line
Air temperature
‫ردﻳﻒ‬
‫دﻣﺎي ﻫﻮا‬
(‫ ﺑﺮﺣﺴﺐ اﻳﻨﭻ )ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ‬،‫ﻛﻮﭼﻜﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻣﻘﻄﻊ‬
< 12 in.
12-36 in.
36-72 in.
> 72 in.
(300 mm)
(300-900 mm)
(900-1800 mm)
(1800 mm)
Minimum concrete temperature as placed and maintained
‫ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ دﻣﺎي ﺑﺘﻦ در ﻫﻨﮕﺎم ﺑﺘﻦ رﻳﺰي و ﻧﮕﻬﺪاري‬
1
-
13° C
10° C
7° C
5° C
Minimum concrete temperature as mixed for indicated air temperature*
*‫ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ دﻣﺎي ﺑﺘﻦ در ﻫﻨﮕﺎم اﺧﺘﻼط در دﻣﺎي ﻫﻮاي ذﻛﺮ ﺷﺪه‬
2
‫ ﺑﺎﻻ‬Above -1° C
16° C
13° C
10° C
7° C
3
‫ ﺑﻴﻦ‬-18 to -1° C
18° C
16° C
13° C
10° C
4
‫ زﻳﺮ‬Below -18° C
21° C
18° C
16° C
13° C
Maximum allowable gradual temperature drop in first 24 hr after end of protection
‫ ﺳﺎﻋﺖ ﺑﻌﺪ از ﭘﺎﻳﺎن ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ‬24 ‫ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ اﻓﺖ ﻣﺠﺎز ﺗﺪرﻳﺠﻲ دﻣﺎي ﺑﺘﻦ در اوﻟﻴﻦ‬
5
-
28° C
22° C
17° C
11° C
‫ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮي ﺑﻴﻦ دﻣﺎي ﺑﺘﻦ‬،‫* ﺑﺮاي ﻫﻮاي ﺳﺮدﺗﺮ‬
.‫ ﻣﺪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻗﺮار ﮔﻴﺮد‬،‫ﻣﺨﻠﻮط ﺷﺪه و ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ دﻣﺎي ﺑﺘﻦ ﺗﺎزه‬
*For colder weather a greater margin in
temperature is provided between concrete as
mixed and required minimum temperature of fresh
concrete in place.
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‫ اﻟﻒ ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﻃﻮل دوره ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ در‬-11 ‫ در ﺟﺪول‬9-8-4-10
10.4.8.9 Table 11-A gives the minimum length of
the protection period at the temperatures given in
Line 1 of Table 10 and the service category. These
minimum protection periods are recommended
unless the in-place strength of the concrete has
attained a previously established value. The
service categories are as follows:
‫ و ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس‬10 ‫ ﺟﺪول‬1 ‫دﻣﺎﻫﺎي داده ﺷﺪه در ردﻳﻒ‬
‫ ﺣﺪاﻗﻞﻫﺎي ﻳﺎد ﺷﺪه ﺑﺠﺰ‬.‫دﺳﺘﻪﺑﻨﺪي ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮد آﻧﻬﺎ آﻣﺪه اﺳﺖ‬
،‫در ﻣﻮاردﻳﻜﻪ ﺑﺘﻦ ﻗﺒﻼً ﺑﻪ ﻣﻘﺪار ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﺧﻮد رﺳﻴﺪه ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
:‫ اﻧﻮاع ﻃﺒﻘﻪﺑﻨﺪي ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮدي ﺑﻪ ﻗﺮار زﻳﺮ اﺳﺖ‬.‫ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‬
Category 1: No load, not exposed - This category
includes foundations and substructures that are not
subject to early load, and, because they are buried
deep within the ground or are backfilled, will
undergo little or no freezing and thawing in
service.
‫ اﻳﻦ دﺳﺘﻪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‬،‫ ﺑﺪون ﺑﺎرﮔﺬاري و ﻏﻴﺮ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺎن‬:1 ‫دﺳﺘﻪ‬
‫ﺷﺎﻟﻮدهﻫﺎ و زﻳﺮﺳـﺎﺧﺖﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺑﺎرﮔـﺬاري اوﻟﻴﻪ‬
‫ﻧﻤﻲﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ زﻳﺮا ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﺖ دﻓﻦ ﺷﺪن در اﻋﻤﺎق ﺧﺎك ﻳﺎ ﭘﻮﺷﺎﻧﺪه‬
‫ دﭼﺎر ﭘﺪﻳﺪه ﻳﺦ زدﮔﻲ و آب ﺷﺪﮔﻲ‬،‫ﺷﺪن ﺑﺎ ﺧﺎك ﺑﻪ ﻧﺪرت‬
.‫ﺷﺪه و ﻳﺎ اﺻﻼً ﻧﻤﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
Category 2: No load exposed - This category
includes massive piers and dams that have
surfaces exposed to freezing and weathering in
service but has no early strength requirements.
‫ اﻳﻦ دﺳﺘﻪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﭘﺎﻳﻪﻫﺎي‬،‫ ﺑﺪون ﺑﺎرﮔﺬاري و ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺎن‬:2 ‫دﺳﺘﻪ‬
Category 3: Partial load, exposed - The third
category includes structures exposed to the
weather that may be subjected to small, early-age
loads compared with their design strengths and
will have an opportunity for additional strength
development prior to the application of design
loads. In such cases, the concrete should have at
least the length of protection recommended for
Category 3 in Table 11-A.
‫ دﺳﺘﻪ ﺳﻮم ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‬،‫ ﺟﺰﺋﻲ ﺑﺎرﮔﺬاري ﺷﺪه و ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺎن‬:3 ‫دﺳﺘﻪ‬
Category 4: Full load - This category includes
structural
concrete
requiring
temporary
construction supports to safely resist construction
loads.
‫ اﻳﻦ دﺳﺘﻪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺳﺎزهﻫﺎي‬،‫ ﻛﺎﻣﻼً ﺑﺎرﮔﺬاري ﺷﺪه‬:4 ‫دﺳﺘﻪ‬
Part B of Table 11 has been adapted from Table
6.8 of ACI 306. The values shown are
approximations and will vary according to the
thickness of concrete, mix proportions, etc. They
are intended to represent the ages at which
supporting forms can be removed. For
recommended concrete temperatures, see Table
10.
‫ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬6.8 ‫ ﺑﺮﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه از ﺟﺪول‬11 ‫ﺑﺨﺶ )ب( از ﺟﺪول‬
‫ ﻣﻘﺎدﻳﺮ ﻧﺸﺎن داده ﺷﺪه ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﻲ ﺑﻮده و ﺑﺎ‬.‫ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬ACI 306
.‫ ﻧﺴﺒﺘﻬﺎي اﺧﺘﻼط و ﻏﻴﺮه ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‬،‫ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﺑﺘﻦ‬
‫زﻣﺎن ﻻزم ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺮداﺷﺘﻦ ﺗﻜﻴﻪﮔﺎه ﻗﺎﻟﺒﻬﺎ در اﻳﻦ ﺟﺪول اراﺋﻪ‬
‫ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ‬10 ‫ ﺑﺮاي دﻣﺎﻫﺎي ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﺷﺪه ﺑﺘﻦ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺪول‬.‫ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ‬
.‫ﺷﻮد‬
10.4.8.10 The concrete carried by the ready mix
truck to the site should be placed in the forms
before its temperature drops below that given on
line 4 of Table 10 and that temperature should be
maintained for the duration of the protection
period.
‫ ﺑﺘﻨﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻣﻴﻜﺴﺮ ﺣﻤﻞ ﻣﻲﺷﻮد ﭘﻴﺶ از‬10-8-4-10
10.4.8.11 Columns and walls should not be cast
on frozen foundations, because chilling the bottom
of the column or wall will cause weak concrete.
‫ ﺳﺘﻮﻧﻬﺎ و دﻳﻮارﻫﺎ ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ روي ﺷﺎﻟﻮدهﻫﺎي‬11-8-4-10
‫ﺣﺠﻴﻢ و ﺳﺪﻫﺎ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺳﻄﺤﻲ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺎن در ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﻳﺦ زدﮔﻲ‬
‫و ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮات آب و ﻫﻮاﻳﻲ دارﻧﺪ اﻣﺎ ﻧﻴﺎزي ﺑﻪ رﺳﻴﺪن ﺳﺮﻳﻊ ﺑﻪ‬
.‫ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻈﺮ ﻧﺪارﻧﺪ‬
‫ﺳﺎزهﻫﺎي در ﻣﻌﺮض آب و ﻫﻮا ﺑﻮده ﻛﻪ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ‬
‫ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي اوﻟﻴﻪ ﻛﻮﭼﻚ در ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ‬
‫آﻧﻬﺎ ﻗﺮار ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ و اﻣﻜﺎن اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ آﻧﻬﺎ ﭘﻴﺶ از اﻋﻤﺎل‬
‫ در اﻳﻦ ﻣﻮارد ﺑﺘﻦ ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻃﻮل‬.‫ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ وﺟﻮد دارد‬
‫ اﻟﻒ‬-11 ‫دوره ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﺷﺪه ﺑﺮاي دﺳﺘﻪ ﺳﻮم از ﺟﺪول‬
.‫را ﻃﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ‬
‫ﺑﺘﻨﻲ ﻧﻴﺎزﻣﻨﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻜﻴﻪﮔﺎﻫﻬﺎي ﻣﻮﻗﺖ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺗﺤﻤﻞ اﻳﻤﻦ ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي‬
.‫زﻣﺎن ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ ﺷﻮد ﺑﺎﻳﺪ در‬10‫ ﺟﺪول‬4 ‫آﻧﻜﻪ دﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ از ﻣﻘﺎدﻳﺮ ردﻳﻒ‬
،‫ﻗﺎﻟﺒﻬﺎ رﻳﺨﺘﻪ ﺷﻮد و دﻣﺎي ﻳﺎد ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﺎ ﭘﺎﻳﺎن دوره ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ‬
.‫ﺣﻔﻆ ﺷﻮد‬
‫ ﭼﻮن ﺳﺮدﺷﺪن ﺑﺘﻦ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ دﻳﻮار ﻳﺎ‬،‫ﻳﺦ زده ﺑﺘﻦرﻳﺰي ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
.‫ﺳﺘﻮن ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺗﻀﻌﻴﻒ آن ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ‬
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‫ ﺣﺮارت ﺑﺘﻦ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺎ ﭘﻮﺷﺎﻧﺪن آن ﺗﻮﺳﻂ روﻛﺸﻬﺎي‬12-8-4-10
10.4.8.12 Heat can be retained in the concrete by
covering it with commercial insulating blanket or
other insulating materials, which should be kept
dry and in close contact with concrete or
formwork for maximum efficiency.
‫ ﺑﺮاي‬.‫ﻋﺎﻳﻖﻛﺎري راﻳﺞ و ﻳﺎ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﻋﺎﻳﻖ ﺑﻨﺪي ﺣﻔﻆ ﺷﻮد‬
.‫ ﻋﺎﻳﻖ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺧﺸﻚ و در ﺗﻤﺎس ﺑﺎ ﺑﺘﻦ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬،‫ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ ﺑﺎزدﻫﻲ‬
‫( ﺑﺮاي ﻋﺎﻳﻖﻫﺎي‬R ‫ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ در ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ اﻧﺘﻘﺎل ﺣﺮارت )ﻣﻘﺪار‬
.‫ اراﺋﻪ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ‬12 ‫ﻣﻌﻤﻮل در ﺟﺪول‬
The resistance to heat transfer (R) values for
common insulation materials are given in Table
12.
10.4.8.13 Insulating blankets for construction are
made of fiberglass, sponge rubber, open-cell
polyurethane foam, vinyl foam, mineral wool, or
cellulose fibers. The outer covers are made of
canvas, woven polyethylene, or other tough
fabrics that will take rough handling.
‫ از‬،‫ روﻛﺸﻬﺎي ﻋﺎﻳﻖ ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده در ﺳﺎﺧﺖ‬13-8-4-10
10.4.8.14 No concrete shall be placed during
heavy rain, snow or when ambient temperature
falls below -18°C, unless proper sheltering or
heated enclosure are provided and written
approval of AR is obtained.
‫ ﺑﺮف‬،‫ ﻫﻴﭻ ﻧﻮع ﺑﺘﻦ در ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﺑﺎرش ﺷﺪﻳﺪ ﺑﺎران‬14-8-4-10
،‫ ﻓﻮم ﭘﻠﻲ ﻳﻮرﺗﺎن ﻣﺘﺨﻠﺨﻞ‬،‫ اﺳﻔﻨﺞ ﻻﺳﺘﻴﻜﻲ‬،‫ﻣﻮاد ﭘﺸﻢ ﺷﻴﺸﻪ‬
.‫ ﭘﺸﻢ ﺳﻨﮓ ﻳﺎ اﻟﻴﺎف ﺳﻠﻮﻟﺰي ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬،‫ﻓﻮم وﻳﻨﻴﻞ‬
‫ ﭘﻠﻲاﺗﻴﻠﻦ ﺑﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻳﺎ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ اﻟﻴﺎف ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ‬،‫ﻻﻳﻪﻫﺎي ﺧﺎرﺟﻲ از ﻛﺘﺎن‬
.‫ﺑﺮاي ﺣﻤﻞ و ﻧﻘﻞ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
‫ درﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮاد ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ رﻳﺨﺘﻪ ﺷﻮد ﻣﮕﺮ اﻳﻦ‬-18 ‫ﻳﺎ دﻣﺎي زﻳﺮ‬
‫ﻛﻪ ﺳﺮﭘﻨﺎه ﻳﺎ ﻣﺤﻮﻃﻪ ﮔﺮﻣﻲ ﻓﺮاﻫﻢ ﺷﻮد و ﺗﺄﻳﻴﺪ ﻛﺘﺒﻲ ﻛﺎرﻓﺮﻣﺎ‬
.‫ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﻮد‬
TABLE 11 - A) LENGTH OF PROTECTION PERIOD FOR CONCRETE PLACED DURING COLD
WEATHER
‫ اﻟﻒ( ﻃﻮل دوره ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺘﻦ رﻳﺰي در ﻫﻮاي ﺳﺮد‬-11 ‫ﺟﺪول‬
Protection period at temperature indicated in line
1 of Table 10, days*
‫ ﺑﺮ‬10 ‫ ﺟﺪول‬1 ‫دوره ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ در دﻣﺎي ﻣﺬﻛﻮر در ردﻳﻒ‬
*‫ﺣﺴﺐ روز‬
Line
Service category
‫ردﻳﻒ‬
‫دﺳﺘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪي ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮدي‬
Type I or II cement
II ‫ ﻳﺎ‬I ‫ﺳﻴﻤﺎن ﻧﻮع‬
Type III cement, or
accelerating admixture, or
100 lb/yd3 (60 kg/m3) of
additional cement
‫ ﻳﺎ اﻓﺰودﻧﻲ‬III ‫ﺳﻴﻤﺎن ﻧﻮع‬
‫زودﮔﻴﺮﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﻳﺎ ﺳﻴﻤﺎن اﺿﺎﻓﻲ‬
‫ ﻛﻴﻠﻮﮔﺮم در‬60 ‫ﺑﻪ ﻣﻘﺪار‬
‫ﻣﺘﺮﻣﻜﻌﺐ‬
1
1- no load, not exposed
2
2- no load, exposed
3
3- partial load, exposed
4
4- full load
‫ ﻏﻴﺮﻧﻤﺎﻳﺎن‬،‫ﺑﺪون ﺑﺎرﮔﺬاري‬
2
1
‫ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺎن‬،‫ﺑﺪون ﺑﺎرﮔﺬاري‬
3
2
‫ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺎن‬،‫ﺟﺰﺋﻲ ﺑﺎرﮔﺬاري ﺷﺪه‬
6
4
‫ﻛﺎﻣﻼً ﺑﺎرﮔﺬاري ﺷﺪه‬
See chapter 6 ACI 306 R
‫ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﺷﻮد‬ACI 306 R ‫ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬6 ‫ﺑﻪ ﻓﺼﻞ‬
.‫ ﺳﺎﻋﺘﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬24 ‫* ﻫﺮروز ﻣﻌﺎدل ﻳﻚ دوره‬
* A day is a 24 hr period
33
Feb. 2009 / 1387 ‫ﺑﻬﻤﻦ‬
IPS-C-CE-200(1)
TABLE 11-B) DURATION OF RECOMMENDED PROTECTION FOR PERCENTAGE OF
STANDARD-CURED 28-DAY STRENGTH*
‫ روزه ﻋﻤﻞ آوري ﺷﺪه ﺑﺼﻮرت اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬28 ‫ ب( ﻣﺪت ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﺷﺪه ﺑﺮاي درﺻﺪ ﻻزم از ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي‬-11 ‫*ﺟﺪول‬
REQUIRED
PERCENTAGE OF
DESIGN STRENGTH
‫درﺻﺪ ﻻزم از ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﻃﺮح‬
DAYS AT 10°C
DAYS AT 21°C
‫ درﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮاد‬10 ‫ﺗﻌﺪاد روز دردﻣﺎي‬
‫ درﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮاد‬21 ‫ﺗﻌﺪاد روز دردﻣﺎي‬
TYPE OF PORTLAND CEMENT
TYPE OF PORTLAND CEMENT
‫ﻧﻮع ﺳﻴﻤﺎن ﭘﺮﺗﻠﻨﺪ‬
‫ﻧﻮع ﺳﻴﻤﺎن ﭘﺮﺗﻠﻨﺪ‬
fc
ASTM I
II
III
ASTM I
II
III
50
65
85
95
6
11
21
29
9
14
28
35
3
5
16
26
4
8
16
23
6
10
18
24
3
4
12
20
‫در ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ زﻣﺎﻧﻬﺎي ﻻزم ﺑﺮاي رﺳﻴﺪن ﺑﻪ درﺻﺪﻫﺎي ﻻزم از‬
* The 28-day strength for each type of cement was
considered as 100 percent in determining the
times to reach various percentages of this strength
for curing 10° C and 21° C. These times are only
approximate, and specific values should be
obtained for the concrete used on the job.
*
،‫ درﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮاد‬21 ‫ و‬10 ‫ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ در ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﻋﻤﻞ آوري‬
‫ درﺻﺪ در ﻧﻈﺮ‬100 ‫ روزه ﻫﺮ ﻧﻮع ﺳﻴﻤﺎن ﻣﻌﺎدل‬28 ‫ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ‬
‫ اﻳﻦ زﻣﺎﻧﻬﺎ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﻲ ﺑﻮده و ﻣﻘﺎدﻳﺮ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ‬.‫ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ‬
.‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺘﻦ ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده در ﻣﺤﻞ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺷﻮد‬
TABLE 12 – THERMAL RESISTANCE OF VARIOUS INSULATING MATERIALS
‫ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻋﺎﻳﻖ ﺑﻨﺪي‬-12 ‫ﺟﺪول‬
THERMAL RESISTANCE, R
FOR THESE THICKNESSES OF
MATERIAL *
*‫ ﺑﺮاي ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺘﻬﺎي ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ‬R ‫ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ‬
INSULATING MATERIAL
‫ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﻋﺎﻳﻖ ﺑﻨﺪي‬
1 in., hr.ft 2.F/Btu
Board and Slabs
10 mm, m 2.K/W
‫داﻟﻬﺎ و ﺻﻔﺤﺎت‬
6.25
0.438
5.00
0.347
‫ﺻﻔﺤﺎت ﭘﻠﻲ اﺳﺘﺎﻳﺮن ﻣﺴﻄﺢ‬
4.00
0.277
‫ ﺑﺎ اﺗﺼﺎﻻت آﻟﻲ‬،‫ﭘﺸﻢ ﺷﻴﺸﻪ‬
4.00
0.277
‫ﭘﻠﻲ اﺳﺘﺎﻳﺮن داﻧﻪ اي‬
3.57
0.247
Mineral fiber with resin binder
‫اﻟﻴﺎف ﻣﻌﺪﻧﻲ ﺑﺎ ذرات رزﻳﻦ‬
3.45
0.239
Mineral fiber board, wet felted
‫ رﻃﻮﺑﺖ زده ﺷﺪه‬،‫اﻟﻴﺎف ﻣﻌﺪﻧﻲ ﺗﺨﺖ ﻧﻤﺪﻣﺎﻟﻲ‬
2.94
0.204
‫ ﺑﺎ ﭼﮕﺎﻟﻲ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻟﻲ‬،‫ورق ﻛﺎري‬
2.63
0.182
‫ﺷﻴﺸﻪ روزﻧﻪ دار‬
2.63
0.182
‫ﺻﻔﺤﺎت ﻣﻘﻮا ﭼﻨﺪ ﻻﻳﻪ‬
2.00
0.139
1.85
0.128
Expanded polyurethane (R-11 exp.)
‫ﺻﻔﺤﺎت ﭘﻠﻲ ﻳﻮرﺗﺎن‬
Expanded polystyrene extruded (R-12 exp.)
Expanded polystyrene extruded, plain
Glass fiber, organic bonded
Expanded polystyrene, molded beads
Sheathing, regular density
Cellular glass
Laminated paperboard
Particle board (low density)
‫ﺻﻔﺤﺎت ﭘﻠﻲ اﺳﺘﺎﻳﺮن‬
(‫ﺻﻔﺤﺎت ﺧﺮده )ﭼﮕﺎﻟﻲ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ‬
To be continued
‫اداﻣﻪ دارد‬
34
Feb. 2009 / 1387 ‫ﺑﻬﻤﻦ‬
IPS-C-CE-200(1)
TABLE 12 – Continued
12 ‫اداﻣﻪ ﺟﺪول‬
THERMAL RESISTANCE, R
FOR THESE THICKNESSES OF
MATERIAL *
*‫ ﺑﺮاي ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺘﻬﺎي ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ‬R ‫ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ‬
INSULATING MATERIAL
‫ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﻋﺎﻳﻖ ﺑﻨﺪي‬
Plywood
‫ﺗﺨﺘﻪ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻻﻳﻲ‬
1.25
Blanket
0.087
‫روﻛﺶ‬
3.23
Mineral fiber, fibrous form processed from rock, slag, or glass
0.224
‫ ﺳﺮﺑﺎره ﻳﺎ ﺷﻴﺸﻪ‬،‫اﻟﻴﺎف ﻣﻌﺪﻧﻲ و اﻟﻴﺎف ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺷﺪه از ﺳﻨﮓ‬
Loose Fill
‫ﻋﺎﻳﻘﻬﺎي ﭘﺮﻛﻨﻨﺪه‬
3.33
0.231
(‫ ﺳﺮﺑﺎره ﻳﺎﺷﻴﺸﻪ‬،‫اﻟﻴﺎف ﻣﻌﺪﻧﻲ )ﺳﻨﮓ‬
2.50
0.173
(‫ﭘﺮﻟﻴﺖ )ﻣﻨﺒﺴﻂ ﺷﻮﻧﺪه‬
2.70
0.187
(‫ورﻣﻴﻜﻮﻟﻴﺖ )ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه‬
2.20
0.152
2.22
0.154
Wood fiber, soft woods
Mineral fiber (rock, slag, or glass)
Perlite (expanded)
Vermiculite (exfoliated)
‫اﻟﻴﺎف ﭼﻮب وﭼﻮب ﻧﺮم‬
Sawdust or shaving
‫ﺧﺎك اره ﻳﺎ ﺗﺮاﺷﻪ‬
،1977 ‫ ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ‬،‫* ﻣﻘﺎدﻳﺮ ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس ﻛﺘﺎب اﺻﻮل راﻫﻨﻤﺎ‬
‫ ﻧﻴﻮﻳﻮرك‬،‫ اﻧﺠﻤﻦ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻴﻦ ﺗﻬﻮﻳﻪ و ﺗﺒﺮﻳﺪ آﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ‬ASHRA
.‫ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
* Values from ASHRAE Handbook of
Fundamentals, 1977, American Society of
Heating, Refrigerating and Air- Conditioning
Engineers, New York .
‫ ﺑﺘﻦ رﻳﺰي در ﻫﻮاي ﮔﺮم‬9-4-10
10.4.9 Hot weather concreting
10.4.9.1 During hot weather, proper attention
shall be given to ingredients, production methods,
handling, placing, protection, etc. For details refer
to "Hot Weather Concreting" recommended by
ACI committee 305.
‫ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻛﺎﻓﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮاد‬،‫ در ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ آب و ﻫﻮاﻳﻲ ﮔﺮم‬1-9-4-10
10.4.9.2 At higher temperatures greater amount of
water is required to hold slump constant than is
needed at lower temperatures. Adding water
without adding cement results in a higher watercement ratio, thereby lowering the late-age
strength and adversely affecting other desirable
properties of the hardened concrete.
‫ در دﻣﺎﻫﺎي ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ ﺑﺮاي ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻧﮕﻬﺪاﺷﺘﻦ اﺳﻼﻣﭗ‬2-9-4-10
10.4.9.3 Besides reducing the strength and
increasing the mixing water requirement, high
temperatures of fresh concrete have other harmful
effects. Setting time is reduced; high temperatures
increase the rate of concrete hardening and thereby
shorten the length of time within which the
concrete can be transported, placed, and finished.
‫ دﻣﺎي ﺑﺎﻻ در ﺑﺘﻦ ﺗﺎزه ﻋﻼوه ﺑﺮ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ و‬3-9-4-10
‫ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ و‬،‫ ﺑﺘﻦ رﻳﺰي‬،‫ ﺣﻤﻞ‬،‫ روﺷﻬﺎي ﺳﺎﺧﺖ‬،‫ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ دﻫﻨﺪه‬
‫ ﺑﺮاي ﺟﺰﺋﻴﺎت ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﻪ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬.‫ﻏﻴﺮه ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺻﻮرت ﭘﺬﻳﺮد‬
.‫ در ﻣﻮرد "ﺑﺘﻦ رﻳﺰي در ﻫﻮاي ﮔﺮم" ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﺷﻮد‬ACI 305
‫ اﻓﺰودن‬.‫ﻣﻘﺎدﻳﺮ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮي آب ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ دﻣﺎﻫﺎي ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﻧﻴﺎز اﺳﺖ‬
‫آب ﺑﺪون اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﺳﻴﻤﺎن ﺑﺎﻋﺚ اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ آب ﺑﻪ ﺳﻴﻤﺎن‬
‫ در ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ دراز ﻣﺪت و ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ‬،‫ﺷﺪه‬
.‫ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮات ﻧﺎﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ روي ﺑﺘﻦ ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‬
‫ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮات زﻳﺎن ﺑﺎر دﻳﮕﺮي ﻧﻴﺰ‬،‫اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ آب اﺧﺘﻼط ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻴﺎز‬
‫ اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ دﻣﺎ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺳﻔﺖ‬،‫ زﻣﺎن ﮔﻴﺮش ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﻲﻳﺎﺑﺪ‬.‫دارد‬
،‫ﺷﺪن ﺳﺮﻳﻊ ﻣﻲﺷﻮد و در ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﻣﺪت زﻣﺎن ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺑﺮاي ﺣﻤﻞ‬
.‫ﺑﺘﻦ رﻳﺰي و ﭘﺮداﺧﺖ ﺑﺘﻦ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﻲﻳﺎﺑﺪ‬
35
Feb. 2009 / 1387 ‫ﺑﻬﻤﻦ‬
IPS-C-CE-200(1)
10.4.9.4 In hot weather the tendency to crack is
increased both before and after hardening.
Excessively rapid evaporation of water from
plastic concrete can cause plastic-shrinkage cracks
before the surface has hardened.
‫ در آب و ﻫﻮاي ﮔﺮم ﺗﻤﺎﻳﻞ اﻳﺠﺎد ﺗﺮك ﭘﻴﺶ و‬4-9-4-10
10.4.9.5 Air entrainment is also affected in hot
weather. At elevated temperatures, concrete
requires an increase in the amount of airentraining admixture to obtain a given total air
content.
‫ ﻫﻮادﻫﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺘﻦ در ﻫﻮاي ﮔﺮم ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﻗﺮار‬5-9-4-10
10.4.9.6 The usual method of maintaining low
concrete temperatures is to control the
temperature of the concrete materials. One or
more of the ingredients should be cooled before
mixing. In hot weather the aggregates and water
should be kept as cool as practicable.
‫ روش ﻣﻌﻤﻮل ﺑﺮاي ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﻧﮕﻬﺪاﺷﺘﻦ دﻣﺎي ﺑﺘﻦ‬6-9-4-10
10.4.9.7 Cold water will effect a moderate
reduction in the concrete temperature. It should be
stored in tanks that are not exposed to the direct
rays of the sun. Tanks and pipelines carrying the
mixing water should be buried, insulated, shaded
or painted white to keep water at the lowest
practical temperature.
‫ آب ﺳﺮد ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻛﺎﻫﻨﺪه ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ دﻣﺎي ﺑﺘﻦ‬7-9-4-10
10.4.9.8 Water can be cooled by refrigeration,
liquid nitrogen, or crushed ice.
‫ ﻧﻴﺘﺮوژن ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﻳﺎ ﻗﻄﻌﺎت‬،‫ آب ﻣﻲﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﺶ‬8-9-4-10
10.4.9.9 Aggregates have a pronounced effect on
the fresh concrete temperature because they
present 60% to 80% of the total weight of
concrete.
‫ ﺳﻨﮕﺪاﻧﻪﻫﺎ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻛﻨﻨﺪهاي روي دﻣﺎي ﺑﺘﻦ‬9-9-4-10
10.4.9.10 "Specification for Ready Mixed
Concrete" (ASTM C 94) shall be followed which
states that during hot weather the time limit
required for discharge of concrete shall be
completed within one hour or even 45 minutes.
"‫آﻣﺎده‬
10.4.9.11 Plastic cracking is usually associated
with hot-weather concreting; however it can occur
at any time when atmospheric conditions produce
rapid evaporation of moisture from the concrete
surface.
‫ ﺗﺮﻛﻬﺎي ﭘﻼﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻً ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﺑﺘﻦرﻳﺰي در‬11-9-4-10
10.4.9.12 In hot weather and where careful
inspection is maintained, a retarding admixture is
beneficial in delaying the setting time while
increasing the rate of slump loss. Retarding
admixtures should conform to the requirements of
ASTM C 494, Type B.
‫ در ﻫﻮاي ﮔﺮم و ﻣﻮاردﻳﻜﻪ ﻧﻈﺎرت دﻗﻴﻖ وﺟﻮد‬12-9-4-10
‫ﭘﺲ از ﺳﺨﺖ ﺷﺪن ﺑﺘﻦ اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ و ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺗﺒﺨﻴﺮ ﺑﻴﺶ از‬
‫اﻧﺪازه آب از ﺑﺘﻦ ﺧﻤﻴﺮي ﻣﻲﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ اﻳﺠﺎد ﺗﺮﻛﻬﺎي اﻓﺖ‬
.‫ ﭘﻴﺶ از ﺳﺨﺖ ﺷﺪن ﺳﻄﺢ ﺑﺘﻦ ﺷﻮد‬،‫ﺧﻤﻴﺮي‬
‫ ﺑﺘﻦ ﻧﻴﺎزﻣﻨﺪ اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﻣﻘﺪار اﻓﺰودﻧﻲ‬،‫ در دﻣﺎﻫﺎي ﺑﺎﻻ‬.‫ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮد‬
.‫ﻫﻮازا ﺟﻬﺖ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻧﮕﻬﺪاﺷﺘﻦ ﻣﻴﺰان ﻫﻮا در ﺑﺘﻦ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ ﻳﻚ ﻳﺎ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ اﺟﺰاء‬.‫ﻛﻨﺘﺮل دﻣﺎي ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﺑﺘﻦ اﺳﺖ‬
‫ﺳﺎزﻧﺪه ﺑﺘﻦ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﭘﻴﺶ از اﺧﺘﻼط ﺧﻨﻚ ﺷﻮد در ﻫﻮاي ﮔﺮم‬
.‫ﺳﻨﮕﺪاﻧﻪﻫﺎ و آب ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺣﺪ اﻣﻜﺎن ﺧﻨﻚ ﻧﮕﻬﺪاﺷﺘﻪ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
‫ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ آب در ﻣﺨﺎزن دور از ﺗﺎﺑﺶ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﻧﻮر‬.‫ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ ﺑﻮد‬
‫ﺧﻮرﺷﻴﺪ ذﺧﻴﺮه ﺷﻮد ﻣﺨﺎزن و ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻛﺸﻲﻫﺎي ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬
‫ ﻳﺎ ﺑﺎ‬،‫ در ﺳﺎﻳﺒﺎن ﻗﺮار داده ﺷﺪه‬،‫ ﻋﺎﻳﻖ ﺑﻨﺪي ﺷﺪه‬،‫دﻓﻦ ﺷﺪه‬
‫رﻧﮓ ﺳﻔﻴﺪ رﻧﮓ ﺷﻮد ﺗﺎ آب در ﻛﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ دﻣﺎي ﻣﻤﻜﻦ‬
.‫ﻧﮕﻬﺪاﺷﺘﻪ ﺷﻮد‬
.‫ ﺧﻨﻚ ﺷﻮد‬،‫ﻳﺦ ﺧﺮد ﺷﺪه‬
‫ درﺻﺪ‬80 ‫ ﺗﺎ‬60 ‫ﺗﺎزه دارﻧﺪ ﺑﺪﻟﻴﻞ آﻧﻜﻪ درﺻﺪ وزﻧﻲ آﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﻴﻦ‬
.‫ﻛﻞ وزن ﺑﺘﻦ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ﺑﺘﻦ‬
‫"ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت‬
‫اﺳﺖ‬
‫ﻻزم‬
10-9-4-10
‫( در ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﮔﺮم ﻛﻪ ﻣﺤﺪودﻳﺖ زﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﻻزم‬ASTM C 94)
،‫ ﺳﺎﻋﺖ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ‬1 ‫ دﻗﻴﻘﻪ ﺗﺎ‬45 ‫ﺑﺮاي ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ ﺑﺘﻦ ﺑﻴﻦ‬
.‫رﻋﺎﻳﺖ ﺷﻮد‬
‫ اﮔﺮﭼﻪ اﻳﻦ ﭘﺪﻳﺪه ﻣﻲﺗﻮاﻧﺪ در‬.‫آب و ﻫﻮاي ﮔﺮم ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ﻫﺮ زﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﺟﻮي ﺑﺎﻋﺚ اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺗﺒﺨﻴﺮ ﺳﻄﺤﻲ‬
.‫ رخ دﻫﺪ‬،‫رﻃﻮﺑﺖ از ﺳﻄﺢ ﺑﺘﻦ ﺷﻮد‬
‫دارد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻣﻮاد اﻓﺰودﻧﻲ دﻳﺮﮔﻴﺮﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﻣﻲﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺟﻬﺖ‬
‫ﺗﺄﺧﻴﺮ در زﻣﺎن ﮔﻴﺮش و ﺗﺴﺮﻳﻊ در ﻛﺎﻫﺶ اﺳﻼﻣﭗ ﺳﻮدﻣﻨﺪ‬
‫ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬B ‫ ﻣﻮاد دﻳﺮﮔﻴﺮﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺑﺎﻳﺪ اﻟﺰاﻣﺎت ﺑﺨﺶ‬.‫ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬
.‫ را ﺑﺮآورده ﺳﺎزد‬ASTM C 494
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IPS-C-CE-200(1)
‫ ﺑﺘﻦ رﻳﺰي در زﻳﺮ آب‬5-10
10.5 Concreting Under Water
10.5.1 As a rule, concrete placing by means of
stationary tremies is suitable as underwater
concrete.
‫ راه ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ رﻳﺨﺘﻦ ﺑﺘﻦ در زﻳﺮ‬،‫ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻳﻚ اﺻﻞ‬1-5-10
10.5.2 Underwater concrete shall be placed
rapidly and steadily. The water in the enclosure
shall be still, i.e. there shall be no flow of current.
It shall be possible for the levels of water inside
and outside the enclosure to reach equilibrium.
‫ ﺑﺘﻦ زﻳﺮ آب ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ و ﺑﻄﻮر ﻳﻜﻨﻮاﺧﺖ رﻳﺨﺘﻪ‬2-5-10
.‫ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻗﻴﻒ و ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬،‫آب‬
.‫ﺷﻮد و آب داﺧﻞ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺳﺎﻛﻦ و ﺑﺪون ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ ﺗﺮاز آب داﺧﻞ و‬.‫ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻧﻲ از آب ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ وﺟﻮد داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬،‫ﻳﻌﻨﻲ‬
.‫ﺧﺎرج ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺘﻮاﻧﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻌﺎدل ﺑﺮﺳﺪ‬
‫ ﺑﺮاي ﻋﻤﻖ آب ﺗﺎ ﻳﻚ ﻣﺘﺮ ﺑﺘﻦ ﻣﻲﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺑﺎ دﻗﺖ و‬3-5-10
10.5.3 For water depths up to 1 m, the concrete
may be placed by carefully causing it to advance
at its natural angle of flow without segregating.
Prior to this, it shall be deposited above water
level.
‫ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ زاوﻳﻪ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﺧﻮدش و ﺑﺪون ﺟﺪاﻳﻲ اﺟﺰا‬
‫ ﺑﺘﻦ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺎﻻي ﺳﻄﺢ آب ﻧﮕﻬﺪاري‬،‫ ﭘﻴﺶ از اﻳﻦ‬.‫رﻳﺨﺘﻪ ﺷﻮد‬
.‫ﺷﻮد‬
10.5.4 For water depths exceeding 1 m, the
concrete shall be placed so that it does not fall
freely through the water, avoiding the washing out
of cement and, where possible, the formation of
interlayers of cement slurry.
‫ ﺑﺘﻦ ﻃﻮري ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬،‫ ﺑﺮاي اﻋﻤﺎق آب ﺑﻴﺶ از ﻳﻚ ﻣﺘﺮ‬4-5-10
10.5.5 For secondary structural members, the
concrete may be deposited in successive layers
using hops or traveling tremies standing on the
foundation base or on the surface of the individual
layers of concrete.
‫ ﺑﺘﻦ ﻣﻲﺗﻮاﻧﺪ در ﻻﻳﻪﻫﺎي‬،‫ ﺑﺮاي اﻋﻀﺎي ﺳﺎزهاي ﺛﺎﻧﻮﻳﻪ‬5-5-10
‫رﻳﺨﺘﻪ ﺷﻮد ﻛﻪ از ﺳﻘﻮط آزاد آن در داﺧﻞ آب و ﺷﺴﺘﻪ ﺷﺪن‬
‫ﺳﻴﻤﺎن و ﺗﺎ ﺣﺪ اﻣﻜﺎن از ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ دوﻏﺎب ﺳﻴﻤﺎن در ﻻﻳﻪ ﻫﺎي‬
.‫ﻣﻴﺎﻧﻲ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮي ﺑﻪ ﻋﻤﻞ آﻳﺪ‬
‫ﭘﻴﺎﭘﻲ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻗﻴﻒ ﻳﺎ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺘﺤﺮك ﻛﻪ روي ﺷﺎﻟﻮده‬
.‫ رﻳﺨﺘﻪ ﺷﻮد‬،‫ﻳﺎ روي ﻫﺮ ﻳﻚ از ﻻﻳﻪﻫﺎي ﺑﺘﻨﻲ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﻧﺪ‬
10.5.6 Stationary tremies or closed containers
which project sufficiently far into concrete which
has not yet set may be used for making all types
of member provided that the formwork is
adequately watertight.
‫ از ﻗﻴﻔﻬﺎي ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻳﺎ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ در ﭘﺮوژهﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ در‬6-5-10
10.5.7 Tremies shall be kept sufficiently
immersed in concrete which has already been
placed for this to be displaced sidewards and
upwards by the fresh quantity of concrete
discharged by the tremies. At no point shall the
displaced concrete come into contact with water.
Stationary tremies shall be spaced so that the
lateral flow distances of the concrete are as short
as possible.
‫ ﻗﻴﻔﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ اﻧﺪازه ﻛﺎﻓﻲ در ﺑﺘﻨﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻗﺒﻼً رﻳﺨﺘﻪ‬7-5-10
10.5.8 During concreting, the tremie shall be
carefully raised, its discharge pipe remaining in
the concrete. Where several tremies are used, they
shall be simultaneously and uniformly fed with
concrete.
‫ ﻗﻴﻒ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ دﻗﺖ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺑﺮده ﺷﻮد و‬،‫ ﻫﻨﮕﺎم ﺑﺘﻦ رﻳﺰي‬8-5-10
10.5.9 When placing the concrete into tremies or
other containers, it shall be compacted using
immersion vibrators for air expulsion.
‫ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣﻴﻜﻪ ﺑﺘﻦ رﻳﺰي ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻗﻴﻒ ﻳﺎ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪﻫﺎ‬9-5-10
‫ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ دور از ﻣﺤﻞ ﺑﺘﻦ ﺳﺎزي ﻗﺮار دارﻧﺪ ﻣﻲﺗﻮان ﺟﻬﺖ‬
،‫ﺑﺘﻦرﻳﺰي ﻛﻠﻴﻪ اﻋﻀﺎ در ﺻﻮرﺗﻴﻜﻪ ﺑﺘﻦ ﻫﻨﻮز ﺳﻔﺖ ﻧﺸﺪه ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
.‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻧﻤﻮد ﺑﺸﺮط آﻧﻜﻪ ﻗﺎﻟﺒﻬﺎ ﻛﺎﻣﻼً آب ﺑﻨﺪي ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ ﺑﺘﻦ‬،‫ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ ﻏﻮﻃﻪ ور ﺷﻮد و ﺑﺎ ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻃﺮﻓﻴﻦ و ﺑﺎﻻ‬
‫ ﺑﺘﻦ رﻳﺨﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ‬،‫ در ﻫﻴﭻ ﺟﺎ‬.‫ﺗﺎزه ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻗﻴﻒ ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ ﺷﻮد‬
‫ ﻗﻴﻔﻬﺎي ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻃﻮري ﻗﺮار ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ‬.‫ﺑﺎ آب در ﺗﻤﺎس ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
.‫ﻃﻮل ﺣﺮﻛﺖ اﻓﻘﻲ ﺑﺘﻦ ﺑﻪ ﻛﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺪار ﺧﻮد ﺑﺮﺳﺪ‬
‫ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣﻴﻜﻪ از ﭼﻨﺪﻳﻦ‬،‫ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ آن ﺑﺎﻳﺪ در ﺑﺘﻦ ﺑﺎﻗﻲ ﺑﻤﺎﻧﺪ‬
‫ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﺰرﻳﻖ ﺑﺘﻦ ﺑﺪاﺧﻞ آﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﻄﻮر‬،‫ﻗﻴﻒ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‬
.‫ﻳﻜﻨﻮاﺧﺖ و ﻫﻤﺰﻣﺎن اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﻮد‬
‫ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻟﺮزاﻧﻨﺪهﻫﺎي‬،‫ ﺑﺮاي ﺗﺮاﻛﻢ ﺑﺘﻦ‬،‫ﺻﻮرت ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮد‬
.‫ﻏﻮﻃﻪ ور ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺧﺎرج ﻛﺮدن ﻫﻮا ﺿﺮوري اﺳﺖ‬
37
Feb. 2009 / 1387 ‫ﺑﻬﻤﻦ‬
IPS-C-CE-200(1)
10.5.10 Alternatively, underwater concrete may
be made by injecting low-segregation grout from
below into a mass of suitably graded aggregate
(i.e., not containing fines or medium sized
particles), the grout rising at an even rate.
‫ روش ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺰﻳﻦ ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺘﻦ رﻳﺰي زﻳﺮ آب ﺗﺰرﻳﻖ‬10-5-10
10.5.11 The slump of the concrete should be not
less than 125 mm and the cement content not less
than 350 kg/m3.
‫ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ و ﻣﻘﺪار‬125 ‫ اﺳﻼﻣﭗ ﺑﺘﻦ ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ از‬11-5-10
10.5.12
Concrete
should
flow
without
segregation, therefore the aim in proportioning the
mixture should be to obtain a good plastic mix
with high workability.
‫ ﺑﺘﻦ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺪون ﺟﺪاﻳﻲ اﺟﺰاء ﺟﺎري ﺷﻮد از اﻳﻦ رو‬12-5-10
10.5.13 Rounded aggregates with higher
percentage of fines and entrained air will provide
the desired consistency.
‫ ﺳﻨﮕﺪاﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﮔﺮد ﺑﺎ درﺻﺪ ﺑﺎﻻي رﻳﺰداﻧﻪ و ﻫﻮاي‬13-5-10
10.5.14 About 10% to 15% more cement should
be used than for a similar mixture placed in dry
air.
‫ درﺻﺪ ﺳﻴﻤﺎن اﺿﺎﻓﻲ‬15 ‫ ﺗﺎ‬10 ‫ ﻻزم اﺳﺖ ﺣﺪود‬14-5-10
10.5.15 Additional provisions are referred to
ACI 304 section 8
‫ ﺑﺮاي ﻣﻼﺣﻈﻪ ﺑﻨﺪﻫﺎي ﺗﻜﻤﻴﻠﻲ ﺑﻪ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬15-5-10
‫دوﻏﺎب ﻫﻤﮕﻦ از زﻳﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮده ﺳﻨﮕﺪاﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﺑﺎ داﻧﻪ ﺑﻨﺪي ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ‬
‫)ﻳﻌﻨﻲ ﺳﻨﮕﺪاﻧﻪﻫﺎ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ذرات رﻳﺰ ﻳﺎ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ( ﺗﺎ ﺑﺎﻻ‬
.‫آﻣﺪن ﻣﻴﺰان دوﻏﺎب در ﺣﺪ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
.‫ ﻛﻴﻠﻮﮔﺮم در ﻣﺘﺮﻣﻜﻌﺐ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬350 ‫ﺳﻴﻤﺎن ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ از‬
‫ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ رﺳﻴﺪن ﺑﻪ ﻳﻚ ﻣﺨﻠﻮط ﺧﻤﻴﺮي‬،‫ﻫﺪف از ﻧﺴﺒﺖ اﺧﺘﻼط‬
.‫ﺧﻮب ﺑﺎ ﻛﺎرآﻳﻲ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
.‫وارد ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ ﻗﻮام ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻴﺎز ﺧﻮاﻫﻨﺪ ﺷﺪ‬
‫ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺨﻠﻮط ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده در ﻫﻮاي ﺧﺸﻚ ﺑﻜﺎر‬
.‫رود‬
.‫ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﺷﻮد‬8 ‫ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ‬ACI 304
‫ ﻣﻼت ﻫﺎ و دوﻏﺎب ﻫﺎ‬6-10
10.6 Mortars and Grouts
For general information reference is made to
IPS-M-CE-105 and for grout for bonded
prestresting tendons refer to Section 18.18 of
ACI 318M.
‫ و ﺟﻬﺖ‬IPS-M-CE-105 ِ‫ﺑﺮاي اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﻛﻠﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺮﺟﻊ‬
18.18 ‫دوﻏﺎب ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده در ﻛﺎﺑﻠﻬﺎي ﭘﻴﺶ ﺗﻨﻴﺪه ﺑﻪ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ‬
.‫ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﺷﻮد‬ACI 318M ‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬
10.7 Installation of Pipes and Holes in Concrete
Structures
‫ ﺗﻌﺒﻴﻪ ﻟﻮﻟﻪﻫﺎ و ﺣﻔﺮهﻫﺎ در ﺳﺎزهﻫﺎي ﺑﺘﻨﻲ‬7-10
‫ آﻳﻴﻦ ﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺑﺘﻦ‬7-9 ‫ ﺑﺮاي اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺨﺶ‬1-7-10
10.7.1 For more information see Iranian national
concrete code publication no 120 of management
and planning organization part 9-7.
‫ ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ و ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ رﻳﺰي‬120 ‫اﻳﺮان ﻧﺸﺮﻳﻪ ﺷﻤﺎره‬
.‫ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﺷﻮد‬
‫ ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﺑﻨﺪي‬-11
11. FORMWORK
‫ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺎت ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ‬1-11
11.1 General Considerations
The design, engineering and construction of the
formwork shall be the responsibility of the
contractor but will be subject to the approval by
the AR*. Typical drawings showing the proposed
formwork shall be submitted by the contractor for
approval by the AR before starting the
construction.
‫ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ و ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﺑﻌﻬﺪه‬،‫ ﻣﺴﺌﻮﻟﻴﺖ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ‬1-1-11
Formwork should be designed so that concrete
slabs, walls and other members will be of correct
dimensions, shape, alignment, elevation and
position within established tolerances.
‫ ﺗﺮاز و‬،‫ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ‬،‫ ﺷﻜﻞ‬،‫ﻗﺎﻟﺒﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻃﻮري ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ اﺑﻌﺎد‬
‫ دﻳﻮارﻫﺎ و ﺳﺎﻳﺮ اﻋﻀﺎء در ﻣﺤﺪوده‬،‫ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻴﺖ داﻟﻬﺎي ﺑﺘﻨﻲ‬
.‫روادارﻳﻬﺎي آﻧﻬﺎ ﻗﺮار ﮔﻴﺮد‬
،‫ ﭘﻴﺶ از اﺟﺮا‬.‫ وﻟﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺄﻳﻴﺪ ﻛﺎرﻓﺮﻣﺎ ﺑﺮﺳﺪ‬،‫ﭘﻴﻤﺎﻧﻜﺎر اﺳﺖ‬
‫ﻧﻘﺸﻪﻫﺎي ﺗﻴﭗ ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﺑﻨﺪي ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﺷﺪه ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﭘﻴﻤﺎﻧﻜﺎر ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺮاي‬
.‫ﺗﺄﻳﻴﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎرﻓﺮﻣﺎ ﺗﺴﻠﻴﻢ ﺷﻮد‬
38
Feb. 2009 / 1387 ‫ﺑﻬﻤﻦ‬
IPS-C-CE-200(1)
Vertical and lateral loads must be carried to the
ground by the formwork system or by the in-place
construction that has adequate strength for that
purpose.
‫ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي ﻗﺎﺋﻢ و ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻗﺎﻟﺐﺑﻨﺪي ﻳﺎ روش‬
.‫ ﺗﺤﻤﻞ ﺷﻮد‬،‫ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺰﻳﻦ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻮاﻧﺎﻳﻲ اﻧﺘﻘﺎل آﻧﻬﺎ را ﺑﻪ زﻣﻴﻦ دارد‬
A design analysis should be made for all
formwork, stability and buckling should be
investigated in all cases.
‫ و در‬،‫ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻤﺎم ﻗﺎﻟﺐﺑﻨﺪيﻫﺎ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﻮد‬
.‫ﺗﻤﺎم ﻣﻮارد ﭘﺎﻳﺪاري و ﻛﻤﺎﻧﺶ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﺷﻮد‬
‫ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺎت ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﺑﻨﺪي‬2-11
11.2 Formwork Design Considerations
‫ ﺑﺎرﻫﺎ و ﺗﻨﺶ ﻫﺎي واﺣﺪ‬1-2-11
11.2.1 Loads and unit stresses
Formwork and its supporting structure, shall be
designed to resist all vertical and horizontal
forces. The design also should consider the effect
of rate-of-discharge and the method of
compaction. For supports and walls higher than 3
m, the rate at which the concrete is discharged
shall be adjusted to the load bearing capacity of
the formwork. Unit stresses for use in the design
of formwork shall be in accordance with Section
2.3 of ACI 347
‫ﻗﺎﻟﺐﻫﺎ و ﺳﺎزه ﻧﮕﻬﺪارﻧﺪه آن ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺮاي ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ در ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﻛﻠﻴﻪ‬
‫ در ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ‬.‫ﻧﻴﺮوﻫﺎي ﻗﺎﺋﻢ و ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻲ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
.‫ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ ﺑﺘﻦ ﺑﻪ ﻗﺎﻟﺐ و روش ﺗﺮاﻛﻢ آن ﻣﺪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻗﺮار ﮔﻴﺮد‬
‫ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ و ﻣﻴﺰان‬،‫ ﻣﺘﺮ‬3 ‫ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻜﻴﻪﮔﺎﻫﻬﺎ و دﻳﻮارﻫﺎي ﺑﻠﻨﺪﺗﺮ از‬
‫ ﺗﻨﺸﻬﺎي‬.‫ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ ﺑﺘﻦ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ در ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﺑﺎرﺑﺮي ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺷﻮد‬
2.3 ‫واﺣﺪ ﺑﺮاي اﺳﺘﻔﺎده در ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻗﺴﻤﺖ‬
.‫ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬ACI 347 ‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬
When fabricated formwork, shoring, or
scaffolding units are used, manufacturer’s
recommendations for allowable loads may be
followed.
‫ ﺷﻤﻌﻬﺎ ﻳﺎ دارﺑﺴﺖﻫﺎي ﭘﻴﺶ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ‬،‫در ﻣﻮاردﻳﻜﻪ از ﻗﺎﻟﺒﻬﺎ‬
‫ ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي ﻣﺠﺎز ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﺷﺪه ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺳﺎزﻧﺪه‬،‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‬
.‫ﻣﻲﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﻣﻼك ﻋﻤﻞ ﻗﺮار ﮔﻴﺮد‬
‫ ﭘﺎﻳﻪﻫﺎي ﻣﻮﻗﺖ )ﺷﻤﻊ ﻫﺎ( و ﻣﻬﺎرﺑﻨﺪي‬2-2-11
11.2.2 Shores and bracing
‫ﭘﺎﻳﻪﻫﺎي ﻣﻮﻗﺖ اﻋﻀﺎي ﺗﻜﻴﻪﮔﺎﻫﻲ ﻗﺎﺋﻢ ﻳﺎ ﻣﻮرب ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ‬
.‫ ﺑﺘﻦ و ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي ﺳﺎزه ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬،‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺗﺤﻤﻞ وزن ﻗﺎﻟﺐ‬
‫ﻣﻬﺎرﺑﻨﺪﻫﺎ ﺑﺼﻮرت اﻓﻘﻲ و ﻗﺎﺋﻢ در ﺟﺎﺋﻴﻜﻪ ﻧﻴﺎز ﺑﻪ ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ ﺳﺨﺘﻲ‬
‫ ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ‬.‫ ﺑﻜﺎر ﻣﻲروﻧﺪ‬،‫و ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮي از ﻛﻤﺎﻧﺶ اﻋﻀﺎ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ ﭘﺸﺖ ﺑﻨﺪ و ﺗﻘﻮﻳﺖ و ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ‬،‫ﺗﻌﺪاد ﻃﺒﻘﺎت ﻧﻴﺎزﻣﻨﺪ ﭘﺎﻳﻪ ﮔﺬاري‬
،‫ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي اﻧﺘﻘﺎل ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻃﺒﻘﺎت ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﭘﺎﻳﻪﻫﺎ و ﭘﺸﺖ ﺑﻨﺪﻫﺎ‬
.‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻣﺴﺘﺪﻟﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮاﻟﻲ اﺟﺰاي ﻛﺎر اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﻮد‬
‫ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ‬ACI 347R ‫ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬2 ‫ﺑﺮاي ﺟﺰﺋﻴﺎت ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻓﺼﻞ‬
.‫ﺷﻮد‬
Shores are vertical or inclined support members
which should be designed in such a manner to
carry the weight of formwork, concrete and
construction loads. Bracing should be provided in
vertical and horizontal planes where required to
provide stiffness and to prevent buckling of
individual members. A rational analysis should be
used to determine the number of floors to be
shored, reshored and backshored and to determine
the loads transmitted to the floors, shores and
reshores or backshores as a result of the
construction sequence. For detailed information
refer to Chapter 2 of ACI 347R.
‫ ﺷﺎﻟﻮده ﺑﺮاي ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﺑﻨﺪي‬3-2-11
11.2.3 Foundations for formwork
‫ ﭘﻲ ﮔﺴﺘﺮده‬،‫ﺑﺮاي ﻗﺎﻟﺒﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺷﺎﻟﻮده ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﻛﻒ ﺳﺎزي‬
‫ﻳﺎ ﺷﻤﻊ ﭘﻴﺶ ﺑﻴﻨﻲ ﺷﻮد در ﺻﻮرﺗﻴﻜﻪ ﺧﺎك زﻳﺮ ﺗﺮاز ﻛﻒ ﺗﺤﻤﻞ‬
‫ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي وارده را ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺸﺴﺖﻫﺎي ﻣﺠﺎز را ﻧﺪاﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
.‫ﻻزم اﺳﺖ ﭘﺎﻳﺪار ﺷﺪه ﻳﺎ ﺗﻜﻴﻪﮔﺎه ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﻲ ﺑﺮاي آن اﻳﺠﺎد ﺷﻮد‬
‫ﻫﻴﭽﮕﺎه ﺑﺘﻦ ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ درون ﻗﺎﻟﺒﻬﺎي ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺮ روي زﻣﻴﻦ ﻳﺦ زده‬
.‫رﻳﺨﺘﻪ ﺷﻮد‬
Proper foundations on ground such as mudsills,
spread footing, or pile footings should be
provided. If soil under mudsills is or may become
incapable of supporting superimposed loads
without appreciable settlement, it should be
stabilized or other means of support should be
provided. No concrete should be placed on
formwork supported on frozen ground.
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Feb. 2009 / 1387 ‫ﺑﻬﻤﻦ‬
IPS-C-CE-200(1)
‫ ﻧﺸﺴﺖ‬4-2-11
11.2.4 Settlement
‫ﻗﺎﻟﺒﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻃﻮري ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ و ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻤﺎت ﻗﺎﺋﻢ‬
‫ ﻋﻼوه ﺑﺮ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺎت‬.‫ﺑﺘﻮان ﺑﺎﻻآﻣﺪﮔﻲ و ﻧﺸﺴﺘﻬﺎ را ﺟﺒﺮان ﻛﺮد‬
‫ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬6.1 ‫ اﻟﺰاﻣﺎت ﻗﺴﻤﺖ‬،‫ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﻓﻮق اﻟﺬﻛﺮ‬
.‫ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ ﺷﻮد‬ACI 318M
Formwork should be so designed and constructed
that vertical adjustments can be made to
compensate for take-up and settlements. In
addition to the Design Considerations specified
above, requirements of Section 6.1 of ACI 318M
shall be satisfied.
‫ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﻗﺎﻟﺐ‬3-11
11.3 Materials for Formwork
‫ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ‬1-3-11
11.3.1 General
‫اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺮاي ﻗﺎﻟﺐﺑﻨﺪي ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي‬
‫ﺑﻮدن ﭘﺮوژه و در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ اﻣﻨﻴﺖ و ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ ﻻزم ﻛﺎر ﺗﻤﺎم‬
.‫ﺷﺪه و ﺑﺎ ﺗﺄﻳﻴﺪ ﻛﺎرﻓﺮﻣﺎ ﺻﻮرت ﮔﻴﺮد‬
The selection of materials suitable for formwork
should be based on maximum economy to the
project, consistent with safety and the quality
required in the finished work, subject to approval
by the AR.
‫ وﻳﮋﮔﻲﻫﺎ‬2-3-11
11.3.2 Properties
،‫ ﺑﺘﻦ‬،‫ ﻓﻮﻻد‬،‫ ﺗﺨﺘﻪ ﭼﻨﺪﻻ‬،‫ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﺑﻨﺪي ﻋﻤﻮﻣﺎً از ﭼﻮب‬
‫ ﺑﺮاي‬.‫ ﻓﺎﻳﺒﺮﮔﻼس و ﻏﻴﺮه ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ‬،‫ ﭘﻼﺳﺘﻴﻚ‬،‫آﺟﺮ‬
.‫ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﺷﻮد‬ACI 347 ‫ از اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬4 ‫ﺟﺰﺋﻴﺎت ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻓﺼﻞ‬
The formwork materials commonly used consists
of timber, plywood, steel, concrete, brick, plastics,
fiberglass, etc. For more details refer to Chapter 4
of ACI 347.
‫ ﺳﻄﺢ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻗﺎﻟﺐ‬1-2-3-11
11.3.2.1 Form sheathing
Sheathing is the supporting layer of formwork
closest to the concrete. It may be in direct contact
with the concrete or be separated from it by a
form liner.
‫ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ‬،‫ ﻧﺰدﻳﻜﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻻﻳﻪ ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺘﻦ اﺳﺖ‬،‫ﺳﻄﺢ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ‬
‫اﺳﺖ ﺑﺼﻮرت ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺘﻦ در ﺗﻤﺎس ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻳﺎ ﺑﺎ ﻳﻚ ﻻﻳﻪ ﻣﻮاد‬
.‫ﺟﺪاﻛﻨﻨﺪه از آن ﺟﺪا ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
In selection and use of materials important
considerations are: strength, stiffness, release,
reuse and cost per use, surface characteristics,
resistance to mechanical damage, workability for
cutting, drilling and attaching fasteners,
adaptability to weather and extreme field
conditions, temperature and moisture, weight and
ease of handling.
‫در اﻧﺘﺨﺎب و اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﺑﻨﺪي ﻧﻜﺎت ﻣﻬﻢ ﻋﺒﺎرﺗﻨﺪ‬
‫ دوﺑﺎره اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻛﺮدن و‬، ‫ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ﺟﺪاﺷﺪن‬،‫ ﺳﺨﺘﻲ‬،‫ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ‬:‫از‬
‫ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ در‬،‫ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻴﺎت ﺳﻄﺤﻲ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ‬،‫ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﻫﺮﺑﺎر اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬
‫ ﺳﻮراخ ﻛﺎري و‬،‫ ﻛﺎراﻳﻲ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺑﺮﻳﺪن‬،‫ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ آﺳﻴﺒﻬﺎي ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ‬
،‫ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ اﻧﻄﺒﺎق ﺑﺎ ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ آب و ﻫﻮاﻳﻲ ﺳﺨﺖ‬،‫ﭼﻔﺖ و ﺑﺴﺘﻬﺎ‬
.‫ وزن و ﺣﻤﻞ آﺳﺎن‬،‫رﻃﻮﺑﺖ و دﻣﺎ‬
‫ ﺗﻜﻴﻪﮔﺎﻫﻬﺎي ﺳﺎزهاي‬2-2-3-11
11.3.2.2 Structural supports
‫ﺗﻜﻴﻪﮔﺎﻫﻬﺎي ﺳﺎزهاي ﺑﺮاي ﺗﺤﻤﻞ وزن ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻗﺎﻟﺒﻬـﺎ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬
‫ ﺛﺒﺎت و‬،‫ ﺳﺨﺘﻲ‬،‫ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ‬:‫و ﺑﺎﻳﺪ داراي ﻧﻜﺎت ﻣﻬﻢ زﻳﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬
،‫ ﺳﻮراخ ﻛﺎري و ﭼﻔﺖ و ﺑﺴﺖﻫﺎ‬،‫ ﻛﺎراﻳﻲ ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺮش‬،‫دﻗﺖ اﺑﻌﺎد‬
‫ ﻗﻴﻤﺖ و دوام و اﻧﻌﻄﺎف ﭘﺬﻳﺮي ﺑﺮاي ﺗﺮازﻫﺎ و اﺷﻜﺎل‬،‫وزن‬
.‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ‬
Structural support systems carry the sheathing for
which important considerations are: strength,
stiffness, dimensional accuracy and stability,
workability for cutting, drilling and attaching
fasteners, weight, cost and durability and
Flexibility to accommodate varied contours and
shapes.
‫ ﻟﻮازم ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻲ‬3-2-3-11
11.3.2.3 Accessories
‫ آوﻳﺰﻫﺎي‬،‫ ﻣﻬﺎرﻫﺎي ﻗﺎﻟﺐ‬،‫ﻟﻮازم ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻲ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﺴﺖﻫﺎي ﻗﺎﻟﺐ‬
‫ ﺑﺮاي ﺟﺰﺋﻴﺎت ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ در‬.‫ﻗﺎﻟﺐ و ﺟﺪاﮔﺮﻫﺎي ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻲ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ‬ACI 347 ‫ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬4.3 ‫ﻣﻮرد ﻟﻮازم ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ‬
.‫ﺷﻮد‬
Accessories consist of: form ties, form anchors,
form hangers and side form spacers. For more
details of accessories refer to Section 4.3 of ACI
347.
40
Feb. 2009 / 1387 ‫ﺑﻬﻤﻦ‬
IPS-C-CE-200(1)
‫ ﻣﻮاد ﻻﻳﻪ ﺟﺪاﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﻗﺎﻟﺐ‬3-3-11
11.3.3 Form coatings or release agents
‫ ﭘﻮﺷﺶﻫﺎي ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻳﺎ ﻣﻮاد آبﺑﻨﺪي ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻً ﻣﺎﻳﻌﺎﺗﻲ‬1-3-3-11
11.3.3.1 Form coatings or sealers are usually
applied in liquid form to contact surface either
during manufacturer or in the field to serve one or
more of the following purposes:
‫ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ در ﻫﻨﮕﺎم ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﻗﺎﻟﺐ و ﻳﺎ در ﻛﺎرﮔﺎه ﺑﺮاي اﻫﺪاف‬
: ‫ روي ﺳﻄﻮح ﺗﻤﺎس ﺑﻜﺎر ﻣﻲروﻧﺪ‬،‫زﻳﺮ‬
.‫اﻟﻒ( ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺑﺎﻓﺖ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺗﻤﺎس‬
a) Alter the texture of the contact surface.
b) Improve the durability of the contact
surface.
.‫ب( ﺑﻬﺒﻮد ﻣﺎﻧﺪﮔﺎري ﺳﻄﺢ ﺗﻤﺎس‬
c) Facilitate release from concrete during
stripping.
.‫ج( ﺳﻬﻮﻟﺖ ﺟﺪاﺳﺎزي ﻗﺎﻟﺐ از ﺑﺘﻦ‬
d) Seal the contact surface from intrusion of
moisture.
.‫د( آب ﺑﻨﺪي ﺳﻄﺢ ﺗﻤﺎس از ﻧﻔﻮذ رﻃﻮﺑﺖ‬
11.3.3.2 Form release agents are applied to the
form contact surfaces to prevent bond and thus
facilitate stripping. They can be applied
permanently to form materials during manufacture
or applied to the form before each use. When
applying in the field, be careful to avoid coating
adjacent construction joint surfaces or reinforcing
steel.
‫ ﻣﻮاد ﺟﺪاﺳﺎز ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮي از ﭼﺴﺒﻴﺪن و‬2-3-3-11
Generally
manufacturer’s
recommendations
should be followed in the use of coatings, sealers,
and release agents, but independent investigation
of the performance by specialized organizations is
recommended before use.
‫ ﻣﻮاد‬،‫ﻋﻤﻮﻣﺎً ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪﻫﺎي ﺳﺎزﻧﺪه ﺑﺎﻳﺪ در اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﭘﻮﺷﺸﻬﺎ‬
‫ اﻣﺎ ﭘﻴﺶ از ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد‬.‫آبﺑﻨﺪي و ﻣﻮاد ﺟﺪاﺳﺎزي ﻗﺎﻟﺐ رﻋﺎﻳﺖ ﺷﻮد‬
‫ ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﺟﺪاﮔﺎﻧﻪ در ﻣﻮرد ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮد ﻫﺮﻳﻚ از ﻣﻮاد ﺗﻮﺳﻂ‬،‫آﻧﻬﺎ‬
.‫ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‬،‫ﻣﻮﺳﺴﺎت ﺗﺨﺼﺼﻲ‬
‫ اﻳﻦ ﻣﻮاد ﻣﻲﺗﻮاﻧﻨﺪ‬.‫ﺳﻬﻮﻟﺖ ﺟﺪاﺳﺎزي ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﺑﻜﺎر ﻣﻲروﻧﺪ‬
‫ﺑﺼﻮرت داﺋﻤﻲ در ﺣﻴﻦ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻳﺎ ﭘﻴﺶ از ﻫﺮ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬
‫ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬،‫ ﻫﻨﮕﺎم اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از آﻧﻬﺎ در ﻛﺎرﮔﺎه‬.‫روي ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﺑﻜﺎر روﻧﺪ‬
‫ﻣﺮاﻗﺒﺖ ﺷﻮد ﻛﻪ از ﭘﻮﺷﻴﺪه ﺷﺪن درزﻫﺎي اﺟﺮاﻳﻲ ﻣﺠﺎور ﻳﺎ‬
.‫ﻣﻴﻠﮕﺮدﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ اﻳﻦ ﻣﻮاد ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮي ﺑﻌﻤﻞ آﻳﺪ‬
‫ ﻣﻮارد اﺟﺮاﺋﻲ‬4-11
11.4 Constructional Aspect
‫ ﭘﻴﺸﮕﻴﺮي ﻫﺎي اﻳﻤﻨﻲ‬1-4-11
11.4.1 Safety precautions
‫روﺷﻬﺎي اﺟﺮاﻳﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺟﻬﺖ اﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎن از اﻳﻤﻨﻲ ﻛﺎرﻛﻨﺎن و‬
‫ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ از ﺿﻮاﺑﻂ اﻳﻤﻨﻲ‬.‫ﻳﻜﭙﺎرﭼﮕﻲ ﺳﺎزة ﺗﻤﺎم ﺷﺪه ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﺷﻮد‬
:‫ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﺪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻗﺮار ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻗﺮار زﻳﺮ اﺳﺖ‬
Construction procedures must be planned in
advance to insure the safety of personnel and the
integrity of the finished structure. Some of the
safety provisions which should be considered are:
- Erection of safety signs and barricades to
keep unauthorized personnel clear of areas in
which erection, concrete placing, or stripping is
underway.
‫ ﻧﺼﺐ ﻋﻼﺋﻢ ﻫﺸﺪار دﻫﻨﺪه و ﻣﻮاﻧﻊ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮي از‬،‫ورود اﻓﺮاد ﻏﻴﺮﻣﺴﺌﻮل ﺑﻪ ﻣﺤﺪودهﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت ﻧﺼﺐ‬
.‫ﺑﺘﻦ رﻳﺰي و ﺑﺎزﻛﺮدن ﻗﺎﻟﺐ در دﺳﺖ اﺟﺮاﺳﺖ‬
- Providing experienced foremen during
concrete placement to assure early recognition
of possible form displacement or failure.
‫ ﺑﻜﺎرﮔﻴﺮي ﺳﺮﻛﺎرﮔﺮﻫﺎي ﺑﺎﺗﺠﺮﺑﻪ در ﻫﻨﮕﺎم ﺑﺘﻦرﻳﺰي ﺑﺮاي‬‫اﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎن از ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻨﮕﺎم اﺣﺘﻤﺎل ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻣﻜﺎن ﻳﺎ‬
.‫رﻳﺰش‬
- A supply of extra shores or other material and
equipment that might be needed in an
emergency case.
‫ ﺗﺪارك ﺷﻤﻊ ﻫﺎي اﺿﺎﻓﻲ ﻳﺎ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ و ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات ﻣﻮرد‬.‫ﻧﻴﺎز ﺑﺮاي ﻣﻮاﻗﻊ اﺿﻄﺮاري‬
- Provision for adequate illumination of the
formwork.
.‫ ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ روﺷﻨﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﺎﻓﻲ ﺑﺮاي ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﺑﻨﺪي‬-
41
Feb. 2009 / 1387 ‫ﺑﻬﻤﻦ‬
- Provision of a program of field safety
inspections of formwork, etc.
IPS-C-CE-200(1)
‫ ﺗﺪارك ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺑﺎزرﺳﻲﻫﺎي اﻳﻤﻨﻲ در ﻛﺎرﮔﺎه ﺣﻴﻦ‬.‫ﻗﺎﻟﺐﺑﻨﺪي و ﻏﻴﺮه‬
‫ روش ﻫﺎ و ﻧﻜﺎت اﺟﺮاﻳﻲ‬2-4-11
11.4.2 Construction practices and workmanship
:‫ﺑﻄﻮر ﻛﻠﻲ ﻣﻮارد زﻳﺮ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﺪﻧﻈﺮ ﻗﺮار ﮔﻴﺮد‬
‫ ﭘﺎﻧﻠﻬﺎي ﭼﻮﺑﻲ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻻﻳﻲ و‬،‫ اﺗﺼﺎﻻت ﻳﺎ وﺻﻠﻪﻫﺎي ﻗﺎﻟﺒﻬﺎ‬.‫ﻣﻬﺎرﺑﻨﺪيﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺼﻮرت ﺷﻄﺮﻧﺠﻲ ﻗﺮار ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ‬
‫ ﻗﺎﻟﺒﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻛﺎﻣﻼً ﻣﺤﻜﻢ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﺗﺎ از ﺧﺮوج ﺷﻴﺮه ﺑﺘﻦ‬.‫ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮي ﺷﻮد‬
‫ ﭘﻴﺶ از آرﻣﺎﺗﻮرﺑﻨﺪي ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻗﺎﻟﺒﻬﺎ را ﺑﺮاي اﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎن از اﺑﻌﺎد‬‫و ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻴﺘﺸﺎن ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس ﻧﻘﺸﻪﻫﺎي اﺟﺮاﻳﻲ ﻛﻨﺘﺮل و ﺑﺎزرﺳﻲ‬
.‫ﻧﻤﻮد‬
Generally the following should be considered:
- Joints or splices in sheathing, plywood panels
and bracing should be staggered.
- Forms should be sufficiently tight to prevent
loss of mortar from the concrete.
- Forms should be inspected and checked
before the reinforcing steel is placed to insure
that the dimensions and location of the
concrete members conform to the working
drawings.
‫ در ﻣﻮاردﻳﻜﻪ ﺧﻴﺰ ﻣﻌﻜﻮس ﺑﺮاي ﻗﺎﻟﺒﻬﺎ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﺪه‬.‫ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ از ﻧﻈﺮ اﻧﺤﻨﺎء ﻛﻨﺘﺮل ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬،‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ درزﻫﺎي اﺟﺮاﻳﻲ و درزﻫﺎي اﻧﺒﺴﺎط ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬،‫ درزﻫﺎي ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻟﻲ‬.‫ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت اﺟﺮا ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
‫ دوﻏﺎب و ﻣﻮاد‬،‫ ﻗﺎﻟﺒﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻛﺎﻣﻼً ﻋﺎري از ﻫﺮﮔﻮﻧﻪ آﻟﻮدﮔﻲ‬،‫ﺧﺎرﺟﻲ ﺑﻮده و ﺑﺎ ﻣﻮاد ﺟﺪاﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﭘﻴﺶ از ﻫﺮ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬
.‫آﻏﺸﺘﻪ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
‫ از ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﺑﺘﻦ ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ روي ﻗﺎﻟﺒﻬﺎ ﺑﻴﻔﺘﻨﺪ‬،‫ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻧﻲ‬.‫و ﻳﺎ اﻧﺒﺎﺷﺘﻪ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ اﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﺑﺎر و آﺳﻴﺐ ﺑﻪ آﻧﻬﺎ ﺷﻮد‬
‫ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ‬ACI 347 ‫ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬3.2 ‫ﺑﺮاي ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﺿﻮاﺑﻂ ﺑﻪ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ‬
.‫ﺷﻮد‬
- Forms should be checked for camber when
specified.
- Control joints, construction joints, and
expansion joints should be installed as
specified.
- Forms should be thoroughly cleaned of all
dirt, mortar, and foreign matter and coated
with a release agent before each use.
- Building materials, including concrete, must
not be dropped or piled on the formwork in
such manner as to damage or overload it.
For other provisions refer to ACI 347 section 3.2.
Tolerances for structures and
irregularities in formed surfaces
‫ رواداري ﺑﺮاي ﺳﺎزهﻫﺎ و ﻧﺎﻫﻤﻮارﻳﻬﺎي ﺳﻄﻮح‬3-4-11
Tolerance is a specified permissible variation
from lines, grades, or dimensions given in
contract documents. Tolerances for concrete
structures should comply with the requirements of
ACI 117 and Section 3.3 of ACI 347. Where
tolerances are not stated in the specifications or
drawings for any individual structure permissible
deviations from established lines, grades, and
dimensions shall follow the recommendations
stated under Section 3.3 of ACI 347. The
contractor is expected to set and maintain concrete
forms so as to insure execution of works within
the tolerance limits.
‫ زواﻳﺎ ﻳﺎ اﺑﻌﺎد‬،‫ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮات ﻣﺠﺎز در ﻃﻮﻟﻬﺎ‬،‫رواداري ﻋﺒﺎرﺗﺴﺖ از‬
‫ روادارﻳﻬﺎ ﺑﺮاي ﺳﺎزهﻫﺎي ﺑﺘﻨﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬.‫ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺷﺪه در اﺳﻨﺎد ﭘﻴﻤﺎن‬
ACI 347 ‫ از‬3.3 ‫ و ﻗﺴﻤﺖ‬ACI 117 ‫ﻣﻨﻄﺒﻖ ﺑﺮ اﻟﺰاﻣﺎت‬
‫ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣﻴﻜﻪ روادارﻳﻬﺎ در دﻓﺘﺮﭼﻪ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت ﻳﺎ ﻧﻘﺸﻪﻫﺎ‬.‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻧﺸﺪه ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺑﺮاي ﻫﺮ ﺳﺎزه ﻣﻌﻴﻦ ﻣﻘﺪار اﻧﺤﺮاف ﻣﺠﺎز از‬
‫ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬3.3 ‫ زواﻳﺎ و اﺑﻌﺎد ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس ﻗﺴﻤﺖ‬،‫ﻃﻮﻟﻬﺎ‬
‫ ﭘﻴﻤﺎﻧﻜﺎر ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻗﺎﻟﺒﻬﺎ را ﺑﻪ ﻧﺤﻮي ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ‬.‫ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺷﻮد‬ACI 347
‫و ﻧﮕﻬﺪاري ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ ﻛﻪ از اﺟﺮاي ﻛﺎرﻫﺎ در ﻣﺤﺪودهﻫﺎي رواداري‬
.‫اﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎن ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺷﻮد‬
11.4.4 Shoring and centering
‫ ﭘﺎﻳﻪﮔﺬاري ﻣﻮﻗﺖ و ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻳﻜﭙﺎرﭼﻪ‬4-4-11
11.4.3
‫ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﺑﻨﺪي ﺷﺪه‬
‫ﺗﻜﻴﻪﮔﺎﻫﻲ‬
Shoring must be supported on satisfactory
foundations such as spread footing, mudsills or
piling. All members must be straight and true
without twists or bends.
،‫ﭘﺎﻳﻪﻫﺎي ﻣﻮﻗﺖ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ روي ﻳﻚ ﺷﺎﻟﻮده ﻣﺤﻜﻢ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﭘﻲﮔﺴﺘﺮده‬
‫ﻛﻒ ﺳﺎزي ﻳﺎ ﺷﻤﻊ ﻗﺮار ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ و ﺗﻤﺎم اﻋﻀﺎء ﺑﺎﻳﺪ راﺳﺖ و ﺑﺪون‬
.‫ﺧﻤﻴﺪﮔﻲ ﻳﺎ ﭘﻴﭽﻴﺪﮔﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬
42
Feb. 2009 / 1387 ‫ﺑﻬﻤﻦ‬
Vertical shores must be erected so that they
cannot tilt and must have firm bearing. Inclined
shores must be braced securely against slipping or
sliding. Centering is the highly specialized
temporary support system used in the construction
of any continuous structure, where the entire
temporary support is lowered as a unit. The
lowering of the centering is generally
accomplished by the use of sand boxes, jacks or
wedges beneath the supporting members.
‫ﭘﺎﻳﻪﻫﺎي ﻣﻮﻗﺖ ﻗﺎﺋﻢ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ روي ﺗﻜﻴﻪ ﮔﺎﻫﻬﺎي ﻣﺤﻜﻢ ﺑﻨﺤﻮي‬
‫ ﭘﺎﻳﻪﻫﺎي ﻣﻮﻗﺖ ﻣﺎﻳﻞ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ‬.‫ﻧﺼﺐ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻧﺘﻮاﻧﻨﺪ ﻛﺞ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
.‫ﻃﻮر اﻳﻤﻦ در ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﺳﺮﺧﻮردن و ﻟﻐﺰش ﻣﻬﺎرﺑﻨﺪي ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
‫ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺧﺎص ﺗﻜﻴﻪﮔﺎﻫﻲ ﻣﻮﻗﺖ ﺑﺮاي‬،‫ﺗﻜﻴﻪﮔﺎﻫﻬﺎي ﻳﻜﭙﺎرﭼﻪ‬
‫اﺟﺮاي ﺳﺎزهﻫﺎي ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ در ﻣﻮاردﻳﻜﻪ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ آوردن‬
.‫ ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد دارد‬،‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﺗﻜﻴﻪﮔﺎﻫﻲ ﺑﺼﻮرت ﻳﻜﺠﺎ اﻧﺠﺎم ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‬
‫ ﺑﺎز ﻛﺮدن ﻗﺎﻟﺒﻬﺎ و ﺗﻜﻴﻪ ﮔﺎﻫﻬﺎ‬5-4-11
11.4.5 Removal of forms and supports
‫درﻣﻮاردﻳﻜﻪ در ﻣﺪارك ﭘﻴﻤﺎن ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﻻزم ﺑﺘﻦ در‬
‫ زﻣﺎﻧﻬﺎي‬،‫زﻣﺎن ﺑﺎزﻛﺮدن ﻗﺎﻟﺒﻬﺎ و ﺗﻜﻴﻪ ﮔﺎﻫﻬﺎ ﺑﻴﺎن ﻧﺸﺪه اﺳﺖ‬
‫ﺑﻴﺎن ﺷﺪه در اداﻣﻪ )دوره زﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﻗﺒﻞ از ﺑﺎزﻛﺮدن ﻗﺎﻟﺐ( ﻛﻪ از‬
‫ اﺳﺘﺨﺮاج ﺷﺪه ﻣﻲﺗﻮاﻧﺪ‬ACI 347 ‫ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬3.7.2.3 ‫ﻗﺴﻤﺖ‬
‫ زﻣﺎﻧﻬﺎي اراﺋﻪ ﺷﺪه ﺗﻌﺪاد ﺗﺠﻤﻌﻲ روزﻫﺎ ﻳﺎ‬.‫ﺑﻜﺎر رود‬
‫ﺳﺎﻋﺘﻬﺎﻳﻲ )ﻛﻪ ﻟﺰوﻣﺎً ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ ﭘﺸﺖ ﺳﺮ ﻫﻢ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ( اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻃﻲ‬
.‫ درﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮاد اﺳﺖ‬10 ‫آن دﻣﺎي ﻫﻮاي اﻃﺮاف ﺑﺘﻦ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ از‬
‫ اﻳﻦ ﻣﺪﺗﻬﺎ ﻣﻲﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺄﻳﻴﺪ‬،‫اﮔﺮ از ﺑﺘﻦ زودﮔﻴﺮ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﻮد‬
‫ درﺟﻪ‬10 ‫ اﮔﺮ دﻣﺎي ﭘﻴﺮاﻣﻮﻧﻲ زﻳﺮ‬،‫ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻜﺲ‬.‫ﻛﺎرﻓﺮﻣﺎ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻳﺎﺑﺪ‬
،‫ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮاد ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻳﺎ اﮔﺮ از ﻣﻮاد دﻳﺮﮔﻴﺮﻛﻨﻨﺪه اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ ﻛﻮﺗﺎﻫﺘﺮ‬.‫اﻳﻦ ﻣﺪت زﻣﺎﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺎ ﺻﻼﺣﺪﻳﺪ ﻛﺎرﻓﺮﻣﺎ اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﻳﺎﺑﺪ‬
‫ﺷﺪن زﻣﺎﻧﻬﺎي ذﻛﺮ ﺷﺪه در ﻣﻮاردﻳﻜﻪ ﺑﺮاي ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﺎر زﻧﺪه ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﺑﺎر ﻣﺮده ﺑﻴﺶ از ﻳﻚ ﺑﻜﺎر ﻣﻲروﻧﺪ ﺑﺪﻟﻴﻞ وﺟﻮد اﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ‬
‫ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺎر ﻣﺮده در ﻏﻴﺎب ﺑﺎر زﻧﺪه در ﻫﻨﮕﺎم ﺑﺎزﻛﺮدن‬
.‫ﻗﺎﻟﺒﻬﺎ و ﺗﻜﻴﻪﮔﺎﻫﻬﺎ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ ﺳﺎﻋﺖ‬12 ............................................................................. ‫دﻳﻮارﻫﺎ‬
‫ ﺳﺎﻋﺖ‬12 ............................................................................. ‫ﺳﺘﻮﻧﻬﺎ‬
When the contract documents do not specify the
minimum strength required of concrete at the time
of stripping, the following elapsed times(period
before removal of formwork) which are adopted
from ACI 347 (sec.3.7.2.3) can be used. The times
represent a cumulative number of days, or hours,
not necessarily consecutive, during which is the
temperature of the air surrounding the concrete
above 10 °C. If high early-strength concrete is
used, these periods can be reduced as approved by
the AR. Conversely, if ambient temperatures
remain below 10 °C, or if retarding agents are
used, then these periods should be increased at the
discretion of the AR. Shorter stripping times listed
for live load to dead load ratios greater than 1.0
are the result of more reserve strength being
available for dead load in absence of live load at
time of stripping.
Walls.............................................................. 12 h
Columns......................................................... 12 h
Sides of beams and girders... ......................... 12 h
‫ ﺳﺎﻋﺖ‬12 ............................. ‫ﻗﺎﻟﺒﻬﺎي ﻛﻨﺎري ﺗﻴﺮﻫﺎ و ﺷﺎه ﺗﻴﺮﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﺗﺸﺘﻚ ﺗﻴﺮﭼﻪ ﻫﺎ‬
‫ روز‬3 .......................................... ‫ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ ﻳﺎ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ‬760 ‫ﺑﺎ ﻋﺮض‬
‫ روز‬4 .......................................... ‫ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ‬760 ‫ﺑﺎ ﻋﺮض ﺑﻴﺶ از‬
Pan joist forms
760 mm wide or less ..................................3 days
Over 760 mm wide......................................4 days
structural live load
‫ﺑﺎر زﻧﺪه ﺳﺎزه‬
‫ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ از‬
‫ﺑﺎر ﻣﺮده ﺳﺎزه‬
‫ روز‬7
structural live load
less than
more than
structural dead load
structural dead load
Arch cent. 14 days
7 days
IPS-C-CE-200(1)
Joist, beam or girder soffits:
Under 3 m clear span between structural
supports…….....7 days
4 days
‫ روز‬4
43
‫ﺑﺎر زﻧﺪه ﺳﺎزه‬
‫ﻛﻤﺘﺮ از‬
‫ﺑﺎر ﻣﺮده ﺳﺎزه‬
‫ روز‬14 ‫ﻣﺮاﻛﺰ ﻗﻮسﻫﺎ‬
:‫ ﻛﻒ ﺗﻴﺮ ﻳﺎ ﺷﺎه ﺗﻴﺮﻫﺎ‬،‫ﺗﻴﺮﭼﻪ ﻫﺎ‬
‫ ﻣﺘﺮ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺗﻜﻴﻪ ﮔﺎﻫﻬﺎي‬3 ‫ﺑﺎ دﻫﺎﻧﻪ آزاد زﻳﺮ‬
‫ روز‬7 ....... ‫ﺳﺎزه‬
Feb. 2009 / 1387 ‫ﺑﻬﻤﻦ‬
‫ ﻣﺘﺮ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺗﻜﻴﻪ ﮔﺎﻫﻬﺎي‬6 ‫ ﺗﺎ‬3 ‫ﺑﺎ دﻫﺎﻧﻪ آزاد‬
‫ روز‬7
‫ روز‬14 ....... ‫ﺳﺎزه‬
‫ ﻣﺘﺮ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺗﻜﻴﻪ ﮔﺎﻫﻬﺎي ﺳﺎزه‬6 ‫ﺑﺎ دﻫﺎﻧﻪ آزاد ﺑﻴﺶ از‬
‫روز‬14
‫ روز‬21 ....... ‫ﺳﺎزه‬
3 to 6 m clear span between structural
supports…….....14 days
7 days
Over 6 m clear span
supports……....21 days
between structural
14 days
:‫داﻟﻬﺎي ﻳﻜﻄﺮﻓﻪ ﻛﻒ‬
‫ ﻣﺘﺮ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺗﻜﻴﻪ ﮔﺎﻫﻬﺎي ﺳﺎزه‬3 ‫ﺑﺎ دﻫﺎﻧﻪ آزاد زﻳﺮ‬
‫ روز‬3
‫ روز‬4 ....... ‫ﺳﺎزه‬
‫ ﻣﺘﺮ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺗﻜﻴﻪ ﮔﺎﻫﻬﺎي‬6 ‫ ﺗﺎ‬3 ‫ﺑﺎ دﻫﺎﻧﻪ آزاد‬
‫ روز‬4
‫ روز‬7 ......... ‫ﺳﺎزه‬
‫ ﻣﺘﺮ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺗﻜﻴﻪﮔﺎﻫﻬﺎي‬6 ‫ﺑﺎ دﻫﺎﻧﻪ آزاد ﺑﻴﺶ از‬
‫ روز‬7
‫ روز‬10 .................. ‫ﺳﺎزه‬
‫ﺑﺮاي اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ در ﻣﻮرد ﺟﺰﺋﻴﺎت زﻣﺎن ﺳﭙﺮي ﺷﺪه ﺑﺮاي‬
.‫ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﺷﻮد‬ACI 347 ‫ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬3.7 ‫ﺳﺎﻳﺮ اﻋﻀﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ‬
One-way floor slabs
Under 3 m clear span between structural
supports….…..4 days
3 days
3 to 6 m clear span between structural
supports…….…....7 days
4 days
Over 6 m clear span between structural
supports………...10 days
7 days
For other members elapsed times and more
detailed information see section 3.7 of ACI 347.
11.5
Formwork for
Construction
Special
Methods
IPS-C-CE-200(1)
‫ ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﺑﻨﺪي ﺑﺮاي روﺷﻬﺎي ﺧﺎص ﺳﺎﺧﺖ و اﺟﺮا‬5-11
of
‫ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ‬1-5-11
11.5.1 General
‫ ﻗﺎﻟﺒﻬﺎي داﺋﻤﻲ و ﻏﻴﺮه‬،‫ﻗﺎﻟﺐﺑﻨﺪﻳﻬﺎي وﻳﮋه ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﻗﺎﻟﺒﻬﺎي ﻟﻐﺰﻧﺪه‬
.‫اﻏﻠﺐ در ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﭘﺮوژه ﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﻧﻔﺖ ﺑﻜﺎر ﻣﻲروﻧﺪ‬
‫در ﺑﻨﺪﻫﺎي آﺗﻲ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺤﺎت ﻣﺨﺘﺼﺮي در اﻳﻦ ﻣﻮارد اراﺋﻪ‬
‫ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬7 ‫ ﺑﺮاي ﺟﺰﺋﻴــﺎت ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻓﺼﻞ‬.‫ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‬
.‫ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﺷﻮد‬ACI 347
Special formworks like slip forms, permanent
forms, etc. are often encountered in the
construction of Petroleum Industry’s different
projects. In the following clauses short description
is presented for such instances. For more detailed
information refer to Chapter 7 of ACI 347.
‫ ﻗﺎﻟﺒﻬﺎي ﻟﻐﺰﻧﺪه‬2-5-11
11.5.2 Slip forms
Horizontal and vertical slipforms should be
designed and constructed and the sliding
operation should be carried out under the
supervision of a person or persons experienced in
slipform work.
‫ﻗﺎﻟﺒﻬﺎي ﻟﻐﺰﻧﺪه در اﻧﻮاع اﻓﻘﻲ و ﻋﻤﻮدي ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ و ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ‬
‫ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ و ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت ﻟﻐﺰش ﺑﺎﻳﺪ زﻳﺮﻧﻈﺮ ﻛﺎرﻛﻨﺎن ﻣﺠﺮب در اﻣﻮر‬
.‫ﻗﺎﻟﺒﻬﺎي ﻟﻐﺰﻧﺪه اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﻮد‬
Maximum rate of slide should be limited by the
rate for which the forms are designed. The level
of the hardened concrete in the form must be
checked frequently by the use of a probe to
establish safe lifting rates.
‫ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻟﻐﺰش ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﻗﺎﻟﺒﻬﺎ ﻣﺤﺪود‬
‫ ﺗﺮاز ﺑﺘﻦ ﺳﻔﺖ ﺷﺪه در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﻣﺘﻨﺎوب ﺑﺎ ﻣﻴﻠﻪ‬.‫ﺷﻮد‬
‫ﺑﺎزرﺳﻲ ﻛﻨﺘﺮل ﺷﻮد ﺗﺎ ﻳﻚ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺑﺎﻻ آﻣﺪن اﻳﻤﻦ ﺟﻬﺖ ﻟﻐﺰش‬
.‫ﻗﺎﻟﺒﻬﺎ ﺑﺮﻗﺮار ﺷﻮد‬
‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺷﻮد ﻛﻪ اﻧﺤﺮاف ﻗﺎﻟﺒﻬﺎ از ﻣﻘﺎدﻳﺮ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺷﺪه و اﺑﻌﺎد‬
.‫ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﻓﺮاﺗﺮ ﻧﺮود و از ﺣﺮﻛﺎت ﭘﻴﭽﺸﻲ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮي ﺑﻌﻤﻞ آﻳﺪ‬
Care must be taken to prevent drifting of the
forms from alignment or designed dimensions,
and to prevent torsional movement.
Detailed records of both vertical and lateral form
movements should be maintained throughout the
slipform operation.
‫ﺟﺰﺋﻴﺎت ﻫﺮ دوﺣﺮﻛﺖ اﻓﻘﻲ و ﻗﺎﺋﻢ ﻗﺎﻟﺒﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ در ﻃﻮل ﺣﺮﻛﺖ‬
.‫ﻗﺎﻟﺒﻬﺎي ﻟﻐﺰﻧﺪه ﺛﺒﺖ و ﻧﮕﻬﺪاري ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
ACI 347 ‫ از اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬7.3 ‫ﺑﺮاي ﺟﺰﺋﻴﺎت ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ‬
.‫ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﺷﻮد‬
For more detailed information refer to Section 7.3
of ACI 347.
44
Feb. 2009 / 1387 ‫ﺑﻬﻤﻦ‬
IPS-C-CE-200(1)
(‫ ﻗﺎﻟﺒﻬﺎي داﺋﻤﻲ )ﻣﺎﻧﺪﮔﺎر‬3-5-11
11.5.3 Permanent forms
‫ ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ در ﻣﺤﻞ ﺑﺘﻦ رﻳﺰي ﺑﺎﻗﻲ‬،‫ﻗﺎﻟﺒﻬﺎي داﺋﻤﻲ‬
‫ﻣﻲﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ و ﻣﻲﺗﻮاﻧﻨﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﺑﺨﺶ ﺟﺪاﻳﻲ ﻧﺎﭘﺬﻳﺮ ﺳﺎزه‬
‫ در ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ اﻳﻦ ﻧﻮع ﻗﺎﻟﺒﻬﺎ ﺑﺮاي ﺑﻪ‬.‫ﻣﺤﺴﻮب ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻳﺎ ﻧﺸﻮﻧﺪ‬
‫ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ رﺳﺎﻧﺪن ﭘﻴﭽﻴﺪﮔﻲ ﻳﺎ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻳﺎ اﻋﻀﺎي ﺗﻜﻴﻪ‬
.‫ﮔﺎﻫﻲ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي ﺣﻴﻦ اﺟﺮا ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ وﻳﮋه اي ﺻﻮرت ﮔﻴﺮد‬
‫ﭘﻴﻤﺎﻧﻜﺎران ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻧﻘﺸﻪﻫﺎي ﻛﺎرﮔﺎﻫﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺟﺰﺋﻴﺎت ﻛﺎﻣﻞ را ﺑﺮاي‬
‫ﺗﻤﺎﻣﻲ ﻗﺎﻟﺒﻬﺎي داﺋﻤﻲ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺑﺎزﺑﻴﻨﻲ و ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺐ ﻛﺎرﻓﺮﻣﺎ اراﺋﻪ‬
‫ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬7.4 ‫ ﺑﺮاي اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ‬.‫دﻫﻨﺪ‬
.‫ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﺷﻮد‬ACI 347
Permanent forms are forms left in place that may
or may not become and integral part of the
structural frame. Particular care should be taken in
the design of such forms to minimize distortion or
deformation of the form or supporting members
under the construction loads.
The contractors should submit fully detailed shop
drawings for all permanent forms to AR for
review and approval. For more detailed
information refer to Section 7.4 of ACI 347.
‫ ﻗﺎﻟﺒﻬﺎي ﺑﺘﻦ ﭘﻴﺶ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ‬4-5-11
11.5.4 Forms for precast concrete
These types of forms are used for precast concrete
items that may be either load bearing or non loadbearing members for structural or architectural
use.
‫ ﺑﺮاي اﻋﻀﺎي ﭘﻴﺶ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪاي ﺑﻜﺎر ﻣﻲروﻧﺪ‬،‫اﻳﻦ ﻧﻮع ﻗﺎﻟﺒﻬــﺎ‬
‫ﻛـــﻪ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان اﻋﻀﺎي ﺑﺎرﺑﺮ ﻳﺎ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺑﺎرﺑﺮ ﺑﺮاي‬
.‫ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد ﺳﺎزه اي ﻳﺎ ﻣﻌﻤﺎري ﺑﻜﺎر روﻧﺪ‬
To assure uniformity of appearance in the cast
members, care should be taken that the contact
surfaces are of uniform quality and texture. Where
required to allow early reuse of forms, provisions
should be made to use accelerated curing
processes, such as steam curing, or other approved
methods. Methods of lifting precast units from
forms should be approved by the AR.
‫ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ‬،‫ﺑﺮاي اﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎن از ﻳﻜﻨﻮاﺧﺘﻲ ﺷﻜﻞ اﻋﻀﺎي ﭘﻴﺶ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ‬
‫ در‬.‫ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ و ﺑﺎﻓﺖ ﺳﻄﻮح ﺗﻤﺎس ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻛﺎﻓﻲ ﺷﻮد‬،‫ﻳﻜﻨﻮاﺧﺘﻲ‬
‫ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﻤﻬﻴﺪات ﻻزم‬،‫ﻣﻮاﻗﻊ ﻧﻴﺎز ﺳﺮﻳﻊ ﺑﻪ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﺠﺪد از ﻗﺎﻟﺒﻬﺎ‬
:‫ﺟﻬﺖ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻓﺮآﻳﻨﺪﻫﺎي ﻋﻤﻞ آوري ﺳﺮﻳﻊ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ‬
.‫ﻋﻤﻞآوري ﺑﺎ ﺑﺨﺎر ﻳﺎ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ روﺷﻬﺎي ﺗﺄﻳﻴﺪ ﺷﺪه ﭘﻴﺶ ﺑﻴﻨﻲ ﺷﻮد‬
‫روﺷﻬﺎي ﺑﻠﻨﺪ ﻛﺮدن اﻋﻀﺎي ﭘﻴﺶ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ از داﺧﻞ ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ‬
.‫ﺗﺄﻳﻴﺪ ﻛﺎرﻓﺮﻣﺎ ﺑﺮﺳﺪ‬
‫ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ روش ﻫﺎي ﺧﺎص‬5-5-11
11.5.5 Other types of special methods
‫ﺑﺮاي ﺟﺰﺋﻴﺎت ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ در ﻣﻮرد ﻗﺎﻟﺐﻫﺎي ﭘﻴﺶ ﺗﻨﻴﺪه و ﭘﻴﺶ‬
‫ و‬7.6 ‫ و‬7.5 ‫ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺑﺘﻨﻲ و ﺑﺘﻦ رﻳﺰي زﻳﺮ آب ﺑﻪ ﻗﺴﻤﺘﻬﺎي‬
.‫ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‬ACI 347 ‫ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬7.8
For detailed information on forms for prestressed
and precast concrete and concrete placed
underwater refer to Sections 7.5, 7.6 and 7.8 of
ACI 347.
‫ ﺿﻮاﺑﻂ ﭘﺮداﺧﺖ ﺳﻄﻮح ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﺑﻨﺪي ﺷﺪه‬6-11
11.6 Acceptance of Finishing Formed Surfaces
‫درﻣﻮاردﻳﻜﻪ ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﺧﺎﺻﻲ از ﭘﺮداﺧﺖ ﺳﻄﻮح ﺑﺘﻨﻲ در ﻣﺪارك‬
‫ ﭘﺮداﺧﺖ ﺳﻄﻮح ﺑﺎ ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ زﻳﺮ اﻧﺠﺎم‬،‫ﭘﻴﻤﺎن ﺑﻴﺎن ﻧﺸﺪه ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
:‫ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‬
When a specific finish is not specified in Contract
Documents for a concrete surface, apply the
following finishes:
:‫ ﺳﻄﻮح زﺑﺮ ﺑﺘﻨﻲ ﻛﻪ در ﻣﻌﺮض دﻳﺪ ﻧﻤﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
• Rough-Form Finish on Concrete Surfaces not
Exposed to Public View:
Patch tie holes and defects. Chip or rub off fins
exceeding 1/2 in. in height. Leave surfaces with
the texture imparted by the forms.
‫ ﺑﺮﺟﺴﺘﮕﻲﻫﺎي ﺑﻴﺶ از ﻳﻚ‬.‫ﺳﻮراﺧﻬﺎ و ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻋﻴﻮب ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮ ﺷﻮد‬
‫ ﺳﻄﻮح اﻳﺠﺎد ﺷﺪه ﻧﺎﺷﻲ از ﺑﺎﻓﺖ ﻗﺎﻟﺐ‬.‫دوم اﻳﻨﭻ ﺗﺮاﺷﻴﺪه ﺷﻮد‬
.‫ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺎن ﺻﻮرت ﺑﺎﻗﻲ ﻣﻲﻣﺎﻧﺪ‬
• Smooth-Form Finish on Concrete Surfaces
Exposed to Public View:
: ‫ ﺳﻄﻮح ﺻﺎف در ﻣﻌﺮض دﻳﺪ‬
Patch tie holes and defects. Remove fins
exceeding 1/8 in. in height
‫ ﺑﺮﺟﺴﺘﮕﻲﻫﺎي ﺑﻴﺶ از ﻳﻚ‬.‫ﺳﻮراﺧﻬﺎ و ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻋﻴﻮب ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮ ﺷﻮد‬
.‫ﻫﺸﺘﻢ اﻳﻨﭻ ﺗﺮاﺷﻴﺪه ﺷﻮد‬
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‫ ﻛﻨﺘﺮل ﺗﺮك‬7-11
11.7 Crack Control
regarding construction aspects for control of
cracking refer to section 8 of ACI 224R (control
of cracking by proper construction practice).
8 ‫در ﻣﻮرد ﺟﻨﺒﻪﻫﺎي اﺟﺮاﻳﻲ ﻛﻨﺘﺮل ﺗﺮك در ﺑﺘﻦ ﺑﻪ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ‬
12. CONSTRUCTION AND CONTRACTION
(CONTROL) JOINTS
(‫ درزﻫﺎي اﺟﺮاﻳﻲ و اﻧﻘﺒﺎﺿﻲ )ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻟﻲ‬-12
‫ )ﻛﻨﺘﺮل ﺗﺮك ﺑﺎ روﺷﻬﺎي ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ‬ACI 224R ‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬
.‫اﺟﺮاﻳﻲ ( ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﺷﻮد‬
‫ درزﻫﺎي اﺟﺮاﻳﻲ‬1-12
12.1 Construction Joints
‫ درزﻫﺎي اﺟﺮاﻳﻲ در ﻓﺮآﻳﻨﺪ اﺟﺮا ﺻﺮﻓﺎً در ﻣﺤﻠﻬﺎي‬1-1-12
12.1.1 Construction joints are merely stopping
places in the process of construction. A true
construction joint should bond new concrete to
existing concrete and permit neither horizontal
nor vertical movement.
‫ ﻳﻚ درز اﺟﺮاﻳﻲ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬.‫ﺗﻮﻗﻒ ﺑﺘﻦ رﻳﺰي ﺗﻌﺒﻴﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
‫ﺑﺘﻦ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ را ﺑﻪ ﺑﺘﻦ ﻣﻮﺟﻮد اﺗﺼﺎل دﻫﺪ و از ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎﻳﻲ اﻓﻘﻲ و‬
.‫ﻗﺎﺋﻢ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮي ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‬
12.1.2 Surface of concrete construction joints
shall be cleaned and laitance removed.
‫ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺑﺘﻦ درزﻫﺎي اﺟﺮاﻳﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﭘﺎﻛﻴﺰه و ﻋﺎري از‬2-1-12
12.1.3 Immediately before new concrete is placed,
all construction joints shall be wetted and standing
water removed.
‫ ﺑﻼﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﭘﻴﺶ از ﺑﺘﻦ رﻳﺰي ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺗﻤﺎم درزﻫﺎي‬3-1-12
12.1.4 Construction joints shall be so made and
located as not to impair the strength of the
structure. Provision shall be made for transfer of
shear and other forces through construction joints.
‫ درزﻫﺎي اﺟﺮاﻳﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ در ﺟﺎﻳﻲ ﺗﻌﺒﻴﻪ ﺷﻮد ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ‬4-1-12
12.1.5 Construction joints in floors shall be
located within the middle third of spans of slabs,
beams, and girders. Joints in girders shall be
offset a minimum distance of two times the width
of intersecting beams.
‫ درزﻫﺎي اﺟﺮاﻳﻲ در ﻛﻒﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ در ﻳﻚ ﺳﻮم ﻣﻴﺎﻧﻪ‬5-1-12
12.1.6 Beams, girders, or slabs supported by
columns or walls shall not be cast or erected until
concrete in the vertical support members is no
longer plastic.
‫ ﺷﺎﻫﺘﻴﺮﻫﺎ ﻳﺎ داﻟﻬﺎي ﻣﺘﻜﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺘﻮﻧﻬﺎ ﻳﺎ دﻳﻮارﻫﺎ‬،‫ ﺗﻴﺮﻫﺎ‬6-1-12
12.1.7 Beams, girders, haunches, drop panels and
capitals shall be placed monolithically as part of a
slab system, unless otherwise shown in design
drawings or specifications.
‫ ﻣﺎﻫﻴﭽﻪﻫﺎ و ﻛﺘﻴﺒﻪﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺼﻮرت‬،‫ ﺷﺎﻫﺘﻴﺮﻫﺎ‬،‫ ﺗﻴﺮﻫﺎ‬7-1-12
.‫ﺣﺒﺎب و ﺗﺨﻠﺨﻞ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
.‫اﺟﺮاﻳﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﺮﻃﻮب ﺷﺪه و آب ﺑﺎﻗﻲ ﻣﺎﻧﺪه روي آﻧﻬﺎ ﭘﺎك ﺷﻮد‬
‫ ﺑﺮاي اﻧﺘﻘﺎل ﻧﻴﺮوﻫﺎي ﺑﺮﺷﻲ و‬.‫ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﺳﺎزه آﺳﻴﺐ وارد ﻧﻜﻨﺪ‬
‫ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻧﻴﺮوﻫﺎ در ﻣﺤﻞ درزﻫﺎي اﺟﺮاﻳﻲ ﻻزم اﺳﺖ ﺗﻤﻬﻴﺪات ﻻزم‬
.‫ﭘﻴﺶ ﺑﻴﻨﻲ ﺷﻮد‬
‫ ﻣﺤﻞ درزﻫﺎي‬.‫ ﺗﻴﺮﻫﺎ ﻳﺎ ﺷﺎﻫﺘﻴﺮﻫﺎ ﻗﺮار ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ‬،‫دﻫﺎﻧﻪ دال‬
‫ﺷﺎﻫﺘﻴﺮﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ در ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ دو ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﻋﺮض ﺗﻴﺮﻫﺎي ﻣﺘﻘﺎﻃﻊ‬
.‫واﻗﻊ ﺷﻮد‬
،‫ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﺎ زﻣﺎﻧﻴﻜﻪ اﻋﻀﺎء ﺗﻜﻴﻪﮔﺎﻫﻲ ﻗﺎﺋﻢ آﻧﻬﺎ ﺧﻤﻴﺮي ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬
.‫ﻧﺼﺐ ﻳﺎ ﺑﺘﻦ رﻳﺰي ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
‫ﻳﻜﭙﺎرﭼﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﺑﺨﺸﻲ از دال ﺑﺘﻦ رﻳﺰي ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻣﮕﺮ اﻳﻦ ﻛﻪ‬
‫در ﻧﻘﺸﻪﻫﺎ ﻳﺎ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺤﻮ دﻳﮕﺮي ﺑﻴﺎن ﺷﺪه‬
.‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
ACI 224-3R ‫ ﺑﺮاي اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﺗﻔﺼﻴﻠﻲ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﻪ‬8-1-12
12.1.8 More detailed information are referred to
ACI 224-3R
.‫ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﺷﻮد‬
(‫ درزﻫﺎي اﻧﻘﺒﺎﺿﻲ )ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻟﻲ‬2-12
12.2 Contraction (Control) Joints
‫ درزﻫﺎي اﻧﻘﺒﺎﺿﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻃﻮري ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ اﺟﺎزه‬1-2-12
12.2.1 Contraction joints should be constructed to
permit transfer of loads perpendicular to the plane
of the slab or wall.
.‫اﻧﺘﻘﺎل ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي ﻗﺎﺋﻢ ﺑﺮ ﺳﻄﺢ داﻟﻬﺎ ﻳﺎ دﻳﻮارﻫﺎ را ﺑﺪﻫﻨﺪ‬
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12.2.2 The spacing of Contraction joints in floors
on ground depend on (1) slab thickness, (2)
shrinkage potential of the concrete and (3) curing
environment.
‫ ﻓﻮاﺻﻞ درزﻫﺎي اﻧﻘﺒﺎﺿﻲ در ﻛﻒﻫﺎي واﻗﻊ در روي‬2-2-12
12.2.3 Contraction joints in walls should be
spaced not more than about 6 m apart. In addition
Contraction joints should be placed where abrupt
changes in thickness or height occurs, and near
corners-if possible as close as 1500 mm.
6 ‫ درزﻫﺎي اﻧﻘﺒﺎﺿﻲ دﻳﻮار ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ در ﻓﻮاﺻﻞ ﺑﻴﺶ از‬3-2-12
12.2.4 More detailed information are referred to
ACI 224-3R
ACI 224-3R ‫ ﺑﺮاي اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﻪ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬4-2-12
‫( ﭘﺘﺎﻧﺴﻴﻞ ﺟﻤﻊ ﺷﺪﮔﻲ‬2) ‫( ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ دال‬1) :‫زﻣﻴﻦ ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس‬
.‫ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬،‫( ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﻋﻤﻞ آوري‬3) ‫ﺑﺘﻦ‬
‫ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ درزﻫﺎي اﻧﻘﺒﺎﺿﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ در ﻣﺤﻠﻬﺎي‬.‫ﻣﺘﺮ اﺟﺮا ﺷﻮد‬
‫ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﻳﺎ ارﺗﻔﺎع و در ﺻﻮرت اﻣﻜﺎن ﻧﺰدﻳﻚ ﺑﻪ ﮔﻮﺷﻪﻫﺎ‬
.‫ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮي آﻧﻬﺎ ﻗﺮار ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ‬1500 ‫و در ﻓﻮاﺻﻞ‬
.‫ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﺷﻮد‬
‫ ﺟﺰﺋﻴﺎت آرﻣﺎﺗﻮرﺑﻨﺪي‬-13
13. DETAILS OF REINFORCEMENT
‫ ﻗﻼﺑﻬﺎي اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬1-13
13.1 Standard Hooks
The term "standard hook" as used in this Standard
shall mean one of the following:
‫ﻗﻼﺑﻬﺎي اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻈﺮ اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻃﺒﻖ ﻳﻜﻲ از‬
:‫ﺗﻌﺎرﻳﻒ زﻳﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬
13.1.1 180-deg bend plus 4 d b extension, but not
less than 65 mm at free end of bar.
‫ و‬4 d b ‫ درﺟﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻃﻮل اﻣﺘﺪاد ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ‬180 ‫ ﻗﻼب ﺑﺎ ﺧﻢ‬1-1-13
13.1.2 90-deg bend plus 12 d b extension at free
end of bar.
12 d b ‫ درﺟﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻃﻮل اﻣﺘﺪاد ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ‬90 ‫ ﻗﻼب ﺑﺎ ﺧﻢ‬2-1-13
.‫ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ در اﻧﺘﻬﺎي آزاد ﻣﻴﻠﮕﺮد‬65 ‫ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ‬
.‫در اﻧﺘﻬﺎي آزاد ﻣﻴﻠﮕﺮد‬
:‫ ﺑﺮاي ﺧﺎﻣﻮﺗﻬﺎ و ﺗﻨﮕﻬﺎ‬3-1-13
13.1.3 For stirrup and tie hooks:
a) bar No. 16 and smaller, 90-deg bend plus 6
d b extension at free end of bar, or
‫ درﺟﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻃﻮل‬90 ‫ و ﻛﻮﭼﻜﺘﺮ ﺑﺎ ﺧﻢ‬16 ‫اﻟﻒ( ﻣﻴﻠﮕﺮد ﻧﻤﺮه‬
b) No. 20 and No. 25 bar, 90-deg bend plus
12 d b extension at free end of bar, or
‫ درﺟﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻃﻮل اﻣﺘﺪاد‬90 ‫ ﺑﺎ ﺧﻢ‬25 ‫ و‬20 ‫ب( ﻣﻴﻠﮕﺮد ﻧﻤﺮه‬
c) No. 25 bar and smaller, 135-deg bend plus
6 d b extension at free end of bar.
‫ درﺟﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻃﻮل‬135 ‫ و ﻛﻮﭼﻜﺘﺮ ﺑﺎ ﺧﻢ‬25 ‫ج( ﻣﻴﻠﮕﺮد ﻧﻤﺮه‬
‫ ﻳﺎ‬،‫ در اﻧﺘﻬﺎي آزاد ﻣﻴﻠﮕﺮد‬6 d b ‫اﻣﺘﺪاد ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ‬
‫ ﻳﺎ‬،‫ در اﻧﺘﻬﺎي آزاد ﻣﻴﻠﮕﺮد‬12 d b ‫ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ‬
.‫ در اﻧﺘﻬﺎي آزاد ﻣﻴﻠﮕﺮد‬6 d b ‫اﻣﺘﺪاد ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ‬
‫ ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﻗﻄﺮ ﺧﻢ‬2-13
13.2 Minimum Bend Diameters
13.2.1 Diameter of bend measured on the inside
of the bar, other than for stirrups and ties in sizes
No. 10 through No. 16 shall not be less than the
values in Table 13.
‫ ﻗﻄﺮ ﺧﻢ از ﺳﻤﺖ داﺧﻞ ﻣﻴﻠﮕﺮد اﻧﺪازهﮔﻴﺮي ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‬1-2-13
13.2.2 Inside diameter of bend for stirrups and ties
shall not be less than 4 d b for No. 16 bar and
smaller. For bars larger than No. 16, diameter of
bend shall be in accordance with Table 13.
‫ ﻗﻄﺮ داﺧﻠﻲ ﺧﻢ ﺑﺮاي ﺧﺎﻣﻮﺗﻬﺎ و ﺗﻨﮕﻬﺎ ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺮاي‬2-2-13
13.2.3 Inside diameter of bend in welded wire
fabric for stirrups and ties shall not be less than
4 d b for deformed wire larger than MD40 and
2 d b for all other wires. Bends with inside
diameter of less than 8 d b shall not be less than
4 d b from nearest welded intersection.
‫ ﻗﻄﺮ داﺧﻠﻲ ﺷﺒﻜﻪﻫﺎي ﭘﻴﺶ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺟﻮﺷﻲ ﻛﻪ‬3-2-13
‫ ﺑﺮاي‬4 d b ‫ ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ از‬،‫ﺑﻌﻨﻮان ﺧﺎﻣﻮت و ﺗﻨﮓ ﺑﻜﺎر ﻣﻲروﻧﺪ‬
‫ ﺑﺮاي ﺳﺎﻳﺮ‬2 d b ‫ و‬MD40 ‫آرﻣﺎﺗﻮرﻫﺎي آﺟﺪار ﺑﺰرﮔﺘﺮ از‬
‫ ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ‬8 d b ‫ ﺧﻤﻬﺎي ﺑﺎ ﻗﻄﺮ داﺧﻠﻲ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ از‬.‫ﻣﻔﺘﻮﻟﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
.‫ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺰدﻳﻜﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﺤﻞ ﺟﻮش ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬4 d b ‫ﻧﺰدﻳﻜﺘﺮ از‬
‫ ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ از‬16 ‫ ﺗﺎ‬10 ‫ﺑﻪ ﻏﻴﺮ از ﺧﺎﻣﻮﺗﻬﺎ و ﺗﻨﮕﻬﺎي ﻧﻤﺮه‬
.‫ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬13 ‫ﻣﻘﺎدﻳﺮ ﺟﺪول‬
‫ ﺑﺮاي‬.‫ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬4 d b ‫ و ﻛﻮﭼﻜﺘﺮ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ از‬16 ‫ﻣﻴﻠﮕﺮدﻫﺎي ﻧﻤﺮه‬
‫ ﻗﻄﺮ ﺧﻢ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس ﺟﺪول‬16 ‫ﻣﻴﻠﮕﺮدﻫﺎي ﺑﺰرﮔﺘﺮ از ﻧﻤﺮه‬
.‫ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺷﻮد‬13
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IPS-C-CE-200(1)
TABLE 13 - MINIMUM DIAMETERS OF BEND
‫ ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﻗﻄﺮﺧﻢ‬-13 ‫ﺟﺪول‬
No.10 through No.25
No.30, 32, 36
No.45 and No.55
BAR SIZE
MINIMUM DIAMETER
‫اﻧﺪازه ﻣﻴﻠﮕﺮد‬
‫ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﻗﻄﺮ‬
25 ‫ ﺗﺎ ﻧﻤﺮه‬10 ‫ﻧﻤﺮه‬
6 db
36 ،32 ،30 ‫ﻧﻤﺮه‬
8 db
55 ‫ و‬45 ‫ﻧﻤﺮه‬
10 d b
‫ ﺧﻢ ﻛﺮدن‬3-13
13.3 Bending
13.3.1 All reinforcement shall be bent cold, unless
otherwise permitted by the AR.
‫ ﺗﻤﺎم آرﻣﺎﺗﻮرﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﺳﺮد ﺧﻢ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻣﮕﺮ‬1-3-13
13.3.2 Reinforcement partially embedded in
concrete shall not be field bent, except as shown
on the design drawings or permitted by the AR.
‫ آرﻣﺎﺗﻮرﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺗﺎ ﻗﺴﻤﺘﻲ در ﺑﺘﻦ ﻣﻬﺎر ﺷﺪهاﻧﺪ‬2-3-13
.‫آﻧﻜﻪ ﻛﺎرﻓﺮﻣﺎ اﺟﺎزه دﻫﺪ‬
‫ ﻣﮕﺮ اﻳﻦ ﻛﻪ در ﻧﻘﺸﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ‬،‫ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ در ﻣﺤﻞ ﺧﻢ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
.‫ﻧﺸﺎن داده ﺷﺪه و ﻳﺎ ﻛﺎرﻓﺮﻣﺎ اﺟﺎزه داده ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﺳﻄﻮح آرﻣﺎﺗﻮرﻫﺎ‬4-13
13.4 Surface Conditions of Reinforcement
13.4.1 At time concrete is placed, metal
reinforcement shall be free from mud, oil, or other
nonmetallic coatings that adversely affect bonding
capacity.
‫ روﻏﻦ و ﻳﺎ‬،‫ آرﻣﺎﺗﻮرﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ از ﮔﻞ‬،‫ در زﻣﺎن ﺑﺘﻦ رﻳﺰي‬1-4-13
13.4.2 Metal reinforcement, except prestressing
tendons, with rust, mill scale, or a combination of
both shall be considered satisfactory, provided the
minimum dimensions (including height of
deformations) and weight of a hand-wire brushed
test specimen are not less than applicable ASTM
specification requirements.
‫ آرﻣﺎﺗﻮرﻫﺎي )ﺑﺠﺰ ﻛﺎﺑﻠﻬﺎي ﭘﻴﺶ ﺗﻨﻴﺪه( ﻫﻤﺮاه ﺑﺎ زﻧﮓ‬2-4-13
13.4.3 Prestressing tendons shall be clean and free
of oil, dirt, scale, pitting and excessive rust. A
light oxide is permissible.
،‫ آﻟﻮدﮔﻲ‬،‫ ﻛﺎﺑﻠﻬﺎي ﭘﻴﺶ ﺗﻨﻴﺪه ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻋﺎري از روﻏﻦ‬3-4-13
‫ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﭘﻮﺷﺸﻬﺎي ﻏﻴﺮﻓﻠﺰي ﻛﻪ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﻣﻨﻔﻲ در ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ‬
.‫ ﻋﺎري ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬،‫ﭼﺴﺒﻨﺪﮔﻲ دارد‬
‫ ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﻳﺎ ﻫﺮ دوي آﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺸﺮﻃﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ اﺑﻌﺎد )ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‬،‫آﻫﻦ‬
‫ارﺗﻔﺎع آج( و وزن ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﺮس ﺧﻮرده آﻧﻬﺎ از ﻣﻘﺎدﻳﺮ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺷﺪه‬
.‫ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻗﺒﻮل ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬،‫ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ‬ASTM ‫در اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬
‫ وﺟﻮد ﻳﻚ‬.‫ ﺳﻮراخ و زﻧﮓ زدﮔﻲ ﺑﻴﺶ از اﻧﺪازه ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬،‫ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻪ‬
.‫ ﺑﻼﻣﺎﻧﻊ اﺳﺖ‬،‫ﻻﻳﻪ ﻧﺎزك زﻧﮓ‬
‫ آرﻣﺎﺗﻮرﺑﻨﺪي‬5-13
13.5 Placing Reinforcement
‫ ﻛﺎﺑﻠﻬﺎي ﭘﻴﺶ ﺗﻨﻴﺪه و ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ دﻗﺖ‬،‫ آرﻣﺎﺗﻮرﻫﺎ‬1-5-13
13.5.1 Reinforcement, prestressing tendons, and
ducts shall be accurately placed and adequately
supported before concrete is placed, and shall be
secured against displacement within tolerances
permitted in subclause 13.5.2.
‫ﻧﺼﺐ و ﭘﻴﺶ از ﺑﺘﻦ رﻳﺰي ﺑﻪ ﻣﻴﺰان ﻛﺎﻓﻲ ﻣﻬﺎر ﺷﻮﻧﺪ و‬
.‫ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬2-5-13 ‫روادارﻳﻬﺎي ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻣﻜﺎن آﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻃﺒﻖ زﻳﺮ ﺑﻨﺪ‬
48
Feb. 2009 / 1387 ‫ﺑﻬﻤﻦ‬
IPS-C-CE-200(1)
13.5.2 Unless otherwise specified by the AR,
reinforcement,
prestressing
tendons,
and
prestressing ducts shall be placed within the
following tolerances:
‫ ﻛﺎﺑﻞﻫﺎي ﭘﻴﺶﺗﻨﻴﺪه و ﻏﻼﻓﻬﺎي‬،‫ آرﻣﺎﺗﻮرﻫﺎ‬2-5-13
13.5.2.1 Tolerance for depth d, and minimum
concrete cover in flexural members, walls and
compression members shall be as follows:
‫ و ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ‬d ‫ روادارﻳﻬﺎي ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ ﻋﻤﻖ‬1-2-5-13
‫ ﻣﮕﺮ آﻧﻜﻪ‬،‫ﭘﻴﺶﺗﻨﻴﺪﮔﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ روادارﻳﻬﺎي زﻳﺮ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
.‫ﺑﻨﺤﻮ دﻳﮕﺮي ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻛﺎرﻓﺮﻣﺎ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ دﻳﻮارﻫﺎ و اﻋﻀﺎي ﻓﺸﺎري ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ‬،‫ﺑﺘﻦ در اﻋﻀﺎي ﺧﻤﺸﻲ‬
:‫ﻣﻘﺎدﻳﺮ ﺟﺪول زﻳﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
TABLE 14 – TOLERANCE FOR DEPTH AND CONCRETE COVER
‫ روادارﻳﻬﺎي ﻋﻤﻖ و ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺑﺘﻦ‬-14 ‫ﺟﺪول‬
TOLERANCE ON
d
TOLERANCE ON MINIMUM
CONCRETE COVER
‫رواداري ﻋﻤﻖ‬
‫رواداري ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺑﺘﻦ‬
 200 mm
±10 mm
-10 mm
d >200 mm
±12 mm
-12 mm
DEPTH
‫ﻋﻤﻖ‬
d
Except that tolerance for the clear distance to
formed soffits shall be minus 6 mm, and tolerance
for cover shall not exceed minus 1/3 the minimum
concrete cover required in the design drawings or
specifications.
‫ﺑﻪ اﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎء رواداري ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ آزاد ﺗﺎ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﺳﻘﻔﻬﺎي ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﺑﻨﺪي‬
‫( ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ و رواداري ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ‬-6) ‫ﺷﺪه ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬
‫ﺑﺘﻦ ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ از ﻳﻚ ﺳﻮم ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻴﺎز ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ‬
.‫ﻧﻘﺸﻪﻫﺎ و ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت ﻃﺮح ﺗﺠﺎوز ﻛﻨﺪ‬
13.5.2.2 Tolerance for longitudinal location of
bends and ends of reinforcement shall be ±50 mm
except at discontinuous ends of members where
tolerance shall be ±25 mm.
‫ روادارﻳﻬﺎي ﻃﻮﻟﻲ ﺧﻤﻬﺎ و اﻧﺘﻬﺎي آرﻣﺎﺗﻮرﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬2-2-5-13
13.5.2.3 Welded wire fabric (with wire size not
greater than MW30 or MD30) used in slabs not
exceeding 3 m in span may be curved from a
point near the top of slab over the support to a
point near the bottom of slab at midspan, provided
such reinforcement is either continuous over, or
securely anchored at support.
‫ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﭘﻴﺶ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺟﻮﺷﻲ )ﺑﺎ ﻗﻄﺮ ﻣﻴﻠﮕﺮد‬3-2-5-13
‫ ﺑﺠﺰ اﻧﺘﻬﺎي ﻗﻄﻊ ﺷﺪه اﻋﻀﺎ ﻛﻪ در آﻧﻬﺎ‬،‫ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬±50
.‫ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬±25 ‫روادارﻳﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬
‫( ﺑﻜﺎر رﻓﺘﻪ در داﻟﻬﺎي ﺑﺎ دﻫﺎﻧﻪ‬MW30 ‫ ﻳﺎ‬MD30 ‫ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ‬
‫ ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﻲﺗﻮاﻧﻨﺪ از ﻧﻘﻄﻪاي ﻧﺰدﻳﻚ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺎﻻي دال در‬3 ‫ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ‬
.‫ﻣﺤﻞ ﺗﻜﻴﻪﮔﺎﻫﻬﺎ ﺗﺎ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ دال در وﺳﻂ دﻫﺎﻧﻪ ﺧﻢ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
‫ﻣﺸﺮوط ﺑﻪ آﻧﻜﻪ آرﻣﺎﺗﻮرﮔﺬاري ﺗﺎ ﺑﺎﻻي ﺗﻜﻴﻪﮔﺎه اداﻣﻪ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻳﺎ‬
.‫درﻣﺤﻞ ﺗﻜﻴﻪﮔﺎه ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮﺑﻲ ﻣﻬﺎر ﺷﻮد‬
‫ ﺟﻮش دادن ﻣﺤﻞ ﺗﻼﻗﻲ ﻣﻴﻠﮕﺮدﻫﺎ ﺑﺮاي‬4-5-13
13.5.4 Welding of crossing bars shall not be
permitted for assembly of reinforcement unless
authorized by the AR.
.‫آرﻣﺎﺗﻮرﺑﻨﺪي ﻣﺠﺎز ﻧﻤﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻣﮕﺮ ﺑﺎ اﺟﺎزه ﻛﺎرﻓﺮﻣﺎ‬
‫ ﻣﺤﺪودﻳﺘﻬﺎي ﻓﻮاﺻﻞ آرﻣﺎﺗﻮرﮔﺬاري‬6-13
13.6 Spacing Limits for Reinforcement
13.6.1 Clear distance between parallel bars in a
layer shall be not less than db but not less than 25
mm.
‫ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ آزاد ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﻴﻠﮕﺮدﻫﺎي ﻣﻮازي در ﻫﺮ ﻻﻳﻪ ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ‬1-6-13
13.6.2 Where parallel reinforcement is placed in
two or more layers.
‫ درﻣﻮاردﻳﻜﻪ آرﻣﺎﺗﻮرﻫﺎ ﺑﺼﻮرت ﻣﻮازي در دو ﻻﻳﻪ ﻳﺎ‬2-6-13
.‫ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬25 ‫ و در ﻫﺮ ﺻﻮرت ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ از‬db ‫ﻛﻤﺘﺮ از‬
.‫ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ واﻗﻊ ﺷﺪهاﻧﺪ‬
49
Feb. 2009 / 1387 ‫ﺑﻬﻤﻦ‬
IPS-C-CE-200(1)
bars in the upper layers shall be placed directly
above bars in the bottom layer with clear distance
between layers not less than 25 mm.
‫ﻣﻴﻠﮕﺮدﻫﺎي ﻻﻳﻪﻫﺎي ﺑﺎﻻﻳﻲ دﻗﻴﻘﺎً ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺎﻻي ﻣﻴﻠﮕﺮدﻫﺎي‬
25 ‫ﻻﻳﻪﻫﺎي زﻳﺮي ﻗﺮار ﮔﻴﺮد و ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ آزاد ﺑﻴﻦ ﻻﻳﻪﻫﺎ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ از‬
.‫ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ‬
13.6.3 In spirally reinforced or tied reinforced
compression members, clear distance between
longitudinal bars shall be not less than 1.5 db nor
40 mm .
،‫ در اﻋﻀﺎي ﻓﺸﺎري ﺑﺎ آرﻣﺎﺗﻮرﻫﺎي ﻣﺎرﭘﻴﭻ ﻳﺎ ﺗﻨﮓ‬3-6-13
13.6.4 Clear distance limitation between bars shall
apply also to the clear distance between a contact
lap splice and adjacent splices or bars.
‫ ﻣﺤﺪودﻳﺖ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ آزاد ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﻴﻠﮕﺮدﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ آزاد‬4-6-13
13.6.5 In walls and slabs other than concrete joist
construction, primary flexural reinforcement shall
be spaced not farther apart than three times the
wall or slab thickness, nor 450 mm.
‫ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﻣﻴﻠﮕﺮدﻫﺎي اﺻﻠﻲ ﺧﻤﺸﻲ در دﻳﻮارﻫﺎ و داﻟﻬﺎ‬5-6-13
40 ‫ و ﻳﺎ‬1/5 db‫ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ آزاد ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﻴﻠﮕﺮدﻫﺎي ﻃﻮﻟﻲ ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ از‬
.‫ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ﺑﻴﻦ وﺻﻠﻪ ﻣﻴﻠﮕﺮدﻫﺎي ﻫﻤﭙﻮﺷﺎﻧﻲ ﺷﺪه و وﺻﻠﻪﻫﺎ ﻳﺎ ﻣﻴﻠﮕﺮدﻫﺎي‬
.‫ﻣﺠﺎور ﻧﻴﺰ اﻋﻤﺎل ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‬
450 ‫ﺑﺠﺰ ﺗﻴﺮﭼﻪ ﻫﺎ ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ از ﺳﻪ ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ دال ﻳﺎ دﻳﻮار و ﻳﺎ‬
.‫ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ ﮔﺮوه ﻣﻴﻠﮕﺮدﻫﺎ‬6-6-13
13.6.6 Bundled bars
13.6.6.1 Groups of parallel reinforcing bars
bundled in contact to act as a unit shall be limited
to four in any one bundle.
‫ در ﮔﺮوه ﻣﻴﻠﮕﺮدﻫﺎي ﻣﻮازي ﻛﻪ ﺑﻌﻨﻮان ﻳﻚ ﮔﺮوه‬1-6-6-13
13.6.6.2 Bundled bars shall be enclosed within
stirrups or ties.
‫ ﮔﺮوه ﻣﻴﻠﮕﺮدﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺧﺎﻣﻮﺗﻬﺎ ﻳﺎ ﺗﻨﮕﻬﺎ‬2-6-6-13
13.6.6.3 Bars larger than No.36 shall not be
bundled in beams.
‫ ﻧﻤﻲﺗﻮاﻧﻨﺪ در‬36 ‫ ﻣﻴﻠﮕﺮدﻫﺎي ﺑﺰرﮔﺘﺮ از ﻧﻤﺮه‬3-6-6-13
13.6.6.4 Individual bars within a bundle
terminated within the span of flexural members
shall terminate at different points with at least
40db stagger.
‫ ﻫﺮﻳﻚ از ﻣﻴﻠﮕﺮدﻫﺎي ﻳﻚ ﮔﺮوه ﻣﻴﻠﮕﺮد ﻛﻪ در‬4-6-6-13
‫ ﺗﻌﺪاد ﻣﻴﻠﮕﺮدﻫﺎ ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ از ﭼﻬﺎر ﻋﺪد ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ‬،‫واﺣﺪ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻨﺪ‬
.‫ﺷﻮد‬
.‫ﻣﺤﺼﻮر ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
.‫ﺗﻴﺮﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﮔﺮوه ﻣﻴﻠﮕﺮد ﺑﻜﺎر روﻧﺪ‬
‫ﻃﻮل دﻫﺎﻧﻪ اﻋﻀﺎي ﺧﻤﺸﻲ ﻗﻄﻊ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ در ﻧﻘﺎط ﺟﺪا از‬
.‫ ﻗﻄﻊ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬40db ‫ﻫﻢ ﺑﻪ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ‬
‫ درﻣﻮاردﻳﻜﻪ ﻣﺤﺪودﻳﺘﻬﺎي ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ و ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ‬5-6-6-13
13.6.6.5 Where spacing limitations and minimum
concrete cover are based on bar diameter db, a unit
of bundled bars shall be treated as a single bar of a
diameter derived from the equivalent total area.
‫ ﻳﻚ ﮔﺮوه‬،‫ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‬db ‫ﺑﺘﻦ ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس ﻗﻄﺮ ﻣﻴﻠﮕﺮدﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻣﻴﻠﮕﺮد ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻌﻨﻮان ﻳﻚ ﻣﻴﻠﮕﺮد ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺑﺎ ﻗﻄﺮ ﻣﻌﺎدل ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﻘﻄﻊ‬
.‫ﺗﻤﺎم ﻣﻴﻠﮕﺮدﻫﺎي واﻗﻊ در آن ﮔﺮوه ﻣﻴﻠﮕﺮد در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﻮد‬
‫ ﻛﺎﺑﻠﻬﺎي ﭘﻴﺶ ﺗﻨﻴﺪه و ﻏﻼﻓﻬﺎ‬7-6-13
13.6.7 Prestressing tendons and ducts
13.6.7.1 Clear distance between pretensioning
tendons at each end of a member shall be not less
than 5db for wire, nor 4db for strands. Closer
vertical spacing and bundling of tendons may be
permitted in the middle portion of a span.
‫ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ آزاد ﺑﻴﻦ ﻛﺎﺑﻠﻬﺎي ﭘﻴﺶ ﻛﺸﻴﺪه در ﻫﺮ‬1-7-6-13
13.6.7.2 Post-tensioning ducts may be bundled if
shown that concrete can be satisfactorily placed
and if provision is made to prevent the tendons,
when tensioned, from breaking through the duct.
‫ ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ ﺑﺘﻮان ﺑﺘﻦ رﻳﺰي را ﺑﻪ ﻧﺤﻮ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻗﺒﻮﻟﻲ‬2-7-6-13
‫ ﺑﺮاي ﻛﺎﺑﻠﻬﺎ‬4db ‫ ﺑﺮاي ﻣﻔﺘﻮﻟﻬﺎ و‬5db ‫اﻧﺘﻬﺎي ﻋﻀﻮ ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ از‬
‫ ﻓﻮاﺻﻞ ﻗﺎﺋﻢ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ و ﮔﺮوه ﻛﺮدن ﻛﺎﺑﻠﻬﺎ در ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻣﻴﺎﻧﻲ‬.‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
.‫دﻫﺎﻧﻪ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻗﺒﻮل اﺳﺖ‬
‫اﺟﺮا ﻧﻤﻮد و ﺗﻤﻬﻴﺪات ﻻزم را ﺑﺮاي ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮي از ﭘﺎرﮔﻲ ﻛﺎﺑﻠﻬﺎ‬
‫ ﻏﻼﻓﻬﺎي ﭘﺲ‬،‫در ﻫﻨﮕﺎم ﻛﺸﻴﺪن در داﺧﻞ ﻏﻼف ﻓﺮاﻫﻢ ﻧﻤﻮد‬
.‫ﺗﻨﻴﺪه ﻣﻲﺗﻮاﻧﻨﺪ ﺑﺼﻮرت ﮔﺮوﻫﻲ اﺟﺮا ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
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IPS-C-CE-200(1)
‫ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺑﺘﻦ روي آرﻣﺎﺗﻮرﻫﺎ‬7-13
13.7 Concrete Protection for Reinforcement
(‫ ﺑﺘﻦ درﺟﺎ )ﺑﺪون ﭘﻴﺶ ﺗﻨﻴﺪﮔﻲ‬1-7-13
13.7.1 Cast-in-place concrete (nonprestressed)
:‫ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺑﺘﻦ روي آرﻣﺎﺗﻮرﻫﺎ ﺑﺸﺮح زﻳﺮ اﺳﺖ‬
The following minimum concrete cover shall be
provided for reinforcement:
TABLE 15 – MINIMUM CONCRETE COVER – CAST IN PLACE
‫ ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺑﺘﻦ ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺘﻦ درﺟﺎ‬-15 ‫ﺟﺪول‬
Description
Minimum Cover.
mm
‫ﺷﺮح‬
(‫ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ )ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ‬
Concrete cast against and permanently exposed to earth
75
‫ﺑﺘﻦ رﻳﺨﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه و در ﺗﻤﺎس داﺋﻤﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺧﺎك‬
Concrete exposed to earth or weather:
:‫ﺑﺘﻦ در ﻣﻌﺮض ﺧﺎك ﻳﺎ ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﺟﻮي‬
No. 20 through No. 55 bars
55 ‫ ﺗﺎ ﻧﻤﺮه‬20 ‫ﻣﻴﻠﮕﺮدﻫﺎي ﻧﻤﺮه‬
No. 16 bar, MW200 or MD200 wire and smaller
50
40
‫ وﻛﻮﭼﻜﺘﺮ‬MD200 ‫ ﻳﺎ‬MW200 ‫ﻣﻔﺘﻮﻟﻬﺎي‬،16 ‫ﻣﻴﻠﮕﺮد ﻧﻤﺮه‬
Concrete not exposed to weather or contact with ground:
:‫ﺑﺘﻨﻲ ﻛﻪ در ﻣﻌﺮض ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﺟﻮي ﻳﺎ ﺗﻤﺎس ﺑﺎ ﺧﺎك ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ‬
Slabs, walls, joists:
: ‫ ﺗﻴﺮﭼﻪ ﻫﺎ‬،‫ دﻳﻮارﻫﺎ‬،‫داﻟﻬﺎ‬
No. 45 and No. 55 bars
55 ‫ و‬45 ‫ﻣﻴﻠﮕﺮدﻫﺎي ﻧﻤﺮه‬
40
No. 36 bar and smaller
‫ و ﻛﻮﭼﻜﺘﺮ‬36 ‫ﻣﻴﻠﮕﺮد ﻧﻤﺮه‬
20
Beams, columns:
:‫ﺗﻴﺮﻫﺎ و ﺳﺘﻮﻧﻬﺎ‬
Primary reinforcement, ties, stirrups, spirals
‫ ﺧﺎﻣﻮﺗﻬﺎ و ﻣﺎرﭘﻴﭽﻬﺎ‬،‫ ﺗﻨﮕﻬﺎ‬،‫آرﻣﺎﺗﻮرﻫﺎي اﺻﻠﻲ‬
Shells, folded plate members:
:‫ اﻋﻀﺎي ﺻﻔﺤﻪاي ﭼﻴﻦ ﭘﻠﻴﺴﻪ اي‬،‫ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﻫﺎ‬
No. 20 bar and larger
No. 15 bar, MW200 or MD200 wire, and smaller
‫ و ﺑﺰرﮔﺘﺮ‬20 ‫ﻣﻴﻠﮕﺮد ﻧﻤﺮه‬
20
13
‫ و ﻛﻮﭼﻜﺘﺮ‬MD200 ‫ ﻳﺎ‬MW200 ‫ ﻣﻔﺘﻮﻟﻬﺎ‬،15 ‫ﻣﻴﻠﮕﺮد ﻧﻤﺮه‬
In contact with or above sea water:
‫در ﺗﻤﺎس ﻳﺎ ﺑﺎﻻي آب درﻳﺎ‬
underside and sides of slabs
top side of slab
Beams
‫ﺳﻄﻮح زﻳﺮي و ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻲ دال‬
75
‫ﺳﻄﻮح ﺑﺎﻻﻳﻲ دال‬
50
‫ﺗﻴﺮﻫﺎ‬
75
13.7.2 Precast concrete (manufactured under
plant control conditions)
‫ ﺑﺘﻦ ﭘﻴﺶ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ )ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﻛﻨﺘﺮل‬2-7-13
The following minimum concrete cover shall be
provided for prestressed and nonprestressed
reinforcement:
‫ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺑﺘﻦ ﺑﺮاي آرﻣﺎﺗﻮرﻫﺎي ﭘﻴﺶ ﺗﻨﻴﺪه و ﻏﻴﺮ ﭘﻴﺶ‬
:‫ﺗﻨﻴﺪه ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮح زﻳﺮ اﺳﺖ‬
(‫ﺷﺪه ﻛﺎرﺧﺎﻧﻪ اي‬
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IPS-C-CE-200(1)
TABLE 16 – MINIMUM CONCRETE COVER – PRECAST CONCRETE
‫ ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺑﺘﻦ ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺘﻦ ﭘﻴﺶ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ‬-16 ‫ﺟﺪول‬
Description
Minimum Cover.
mm
‫ﺷﺮح‬
(‫ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ )ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ‬
Concrete exposed to earth or weather:
‫ﺑﺘﻦ در ﻣﻌﺮض ﺧﺎك ﻳﺎ ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﺟﻮي‬
Wall Panels:
‫ﭘﺎﻧﻠﻬﺎي دﻳﻮار‬
No. 45 and No. 55 bars, prestressing tendons larger than 40 mm Diameter
40
‫ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ‬40 ‫ و ﻛﺎﺑﻠﻬﺎي ﭘﻴﺶ ﺗﻨﻴﺪه ﺑﺎ ﻗﻄﺮ ﺑﻴﺶ از‬55 ‫ و‬45 ‫ﻣﻴﻠﮕﺮدﻫﺎي ﻧﻤﺮه‬
No. 36 bar and smaller, prestressing tendons 40 mm diameter and smaller, MW 200 and MD
200 wire and smaller
20
‫ ﻣﻔﺘﻮﻟﻬﺎي‬،‫ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ و ﻛﻮﭼﻜﺘﺮ‬40 ‫ ﻛﺎﺑﻠﻬﺎي ﭘﻴﺶ ﺗﻨﻴﺪه ﺑﺎ ﻗﻄﺮ‬،‫ و ﻛﻮﭼﻜﺘﺮ‬36 ‫ﻣﻴﻠﮕﺮد ﻧﻤﺮه‬
‫ و ﻛﻮﭼﻜﺘﺮ‬MD 200 ‫ و‬MW 200
Other members:
No. 45 and No.55 bars, prestressing tendons larger than 40 mm diameter
:‫ﺳﺎﻳﺮ اﻋﻀﺎء‬
‫ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ‬40 ‫ ﻛﺎﺑﻠﻬﺎي ﭘﻴﺶ ﺗﻨﻴﺪه ﺑﺎ ﻗﻄﺮ ﺑﺰرﮔﺘﺮ از‬،55 ‫ و‬45 ‫ﻣﻴﻠﮕﺮدﻫﺎي ﻧﻤﺮه‬
No. 20 through No.36 bars, prestressing tendons larger than 16 mm diameter through 40 mm
diameter
50
40
‫ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ‬40 ‫ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ ﺗﺎ‬16 ‫ ﻛﺎﺑﻠﻬﺎي ﭘﻴﺶ ﺗﻨﻴﺪه ﺑﺎ ﻗﻄﺮ ﺑﻴﺶ از‬،36 ‫ ﺗﺎ‬20 ‫ﻣﻴﻠﮕﺮدﻫﺎي ﻧﻤﺮه‬
No. 16 bar and smaller, prestressing tendons 16 mm diameter and smaller,
MW200 or MD200 wire and smaller
30
MW200 ‫ ﻣﻔﺘﻮﻟﻬﺎي‬،‫ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ و ﻛﻮﭼﻜﺘﺮ‬16 ‫ ﻛﺎﺑﻠﻬﺎي ﭘﻴﺶ ﺗﻨﻴﺪه ﺑﺎ ﻗﻄﺮ‬،‫ و ﻛﻮﭼﻜﺘﺮ‬16 ‫ﻣﻴﻠﮕﺮدﻫﺎي ﻧﻤﺮه‬
‫ و ﻛﻮﭼﻜﺘﺮ‬MD200 ‫ﻳﺎ‬
Concrete not exposed to weather or in contact with ground:
:‫ﺑﺘﻦ ﻛﻪ در ﻣﻌﺮض ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﺟﻮي ﻳﺎ ﺗﻤﺎس ﺑﺎ ﺧﺎك ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ‬
Slabs, walls, joists:
:‫ ﺗﻴﺮﭼﻪ ﻫﺎ‬،‫ دﻳﻮارﻫﺎ‬،‫داﻟﻬﺎ‬
No.45 and No.55 bars, prestressing tendons larger than 40 mm diameter
‫ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ‬40 ‫ ﻛﺎﺑﻠﻬﺎي ﭘﻴﺶ ﺗﻨﻴﺪه ﺑﺰرﮔﺘﺮ از‬،55 ‫ و ﻧﻤﺮه‬45 ‫ﻣﻴﻠﮕﺮدﻫﺎي ﻧﻤﺮه‬
30
Prestressing tendons 40 mm diameter and smaller
‫ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ و ﻛﻮﭼﻜﺘﺮ‬40 ‫ﻛﺎﺑﻠﻬﺎي ﭘﻴﺶ ﺗﻨﻴﺪه ﺑﺎ ﻗﻄﺮ‬
20
No.36 bar and smaller, MW200 or MD200 wire and smaller
‫ و ﻛﻮﭼﻜﺘﺮ‬MD200 ‫ ﻳﺎ‬MW200 ‫ و ﻛﻮﭼﻜﺘﺮ ﺗﺎ ﻣﻔﺘﻮل‬36 ‫ﻣﻴﻠﮕﺮد ﻧﻤﺮه‬
52
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IPS-C-CE-200(1)
TABLE 16 – Continued
16 ‫اداﻣﻪ ﺟﺪول‬
Description
Minimum Cover.
mm
‫ﺷﺮح‬
(‫ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ )ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ‬
Beams, columns:
:‫ﺗﻴﺮﻫﺎ و ﺳﺘﻮﻧﻬﺎ‬
Primary reinforcement… db but not less than 16 and need not exceed
40
‫ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺷﻮد‬40 ‫ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ و ﻧﻴﺎز ﻧﻴﺴﺖ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ از‬16 ‫ ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ از‬db ‫ﻣﻴﻠﮕﺮدﻫﺎي اﺻﻠﻲ‬
Ties, stirrups, spirals
10
‫ ﻣﺎرﭘﻴﭻ ﻫﺎ‬،‫ ﺧﺎﻣﻮﺗﻬﺎ‬،‫ﺗﻨﮕﻬﺎ‬
Shells, folded plate members:
:‫ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻪ و اﻋﻀﺎي ﺻﻔﺤﻪ اي ﭼﻴﻦ ﭘﻠﻴﺴﻪ اي‬
Prestressing tendons
20
‫ﻛﺎﺑﻠﻬﺎي ﭘﻴﺶ ﺗﻨﻴﺪه‬
No.20 bar and larger
16
‫ و ﺑﺰرﮔﺘﺮ‬20 ‫ﻣﻴﻠﮕﺮد ﻧﻤﺮه‬
10
No.16 Bar, MW200 or MD200 wire, and smaller
‫ وﻛﻮﭼﻜﺘﺮ‬MD200 ‫ ﻳﺎ‬MW200 ‫ ﻣﻔﺘﻮﻟﻬﺎي‬،16 ‫ﻣﻴﻠﮕﺮد ﻧﻤﺮه‬
In contact with or above sea water:
underside and sides of slab
‫در ﺗﻤﺎس ﻳﺎ ﺑﺎﻻي آب درﻳﺎ‬
‫ﺳﻄﻮح زﻳﺮي و ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻲ داﻟﻬﺎ‬
75
‫ﺳﻄﻮح ﺑﺎﻻي دال‬
50
‫ﺗﻴﺮﻫﺎ‬
75
top side of slab
beams
‫ ﺑﺘﻦ ﭘﻴﺶ ﺗﻨﻴﺪه درﺟﺎ‬3-7-13
13.7.3 Prestressed concrete-cast in place
‫ ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ آرﻣﺎﺗﻮرﻫﺎي ﭘﻴﺶﺗﻨﻴﺪه و ﻏﻴﺮ‬1-3-7-13
13.7.3.1 The following minimum concrete cover
shall be provided for prestressed and
nonprestressed reinforcement, ducts, and end
fittings, except as provided in Sections 13.7.3.2
and 13.7.2:
2-3-7-13 ‫ ﻟﻮﻟﻪﻫﺎ و اﺗﺼﺎﻻت ﺑﺠﺰ ﻣﻮارد ﺑﻨﺪﻫــﺎي‬،‫ﭘﻴﺶﺗﻨﻴﺪه‬
:‫ ﺑﺸﺮح ﺟﺪول زﻳﺮ اﺳﺖ‬2-7-13 ‫و‬
53
Feb. 2009 / 1387 ‫ﺑﻬﻤﻦ‬
IPS-C-CE-200(1)
TABLE 17 – MINIMUM CONCRETE COVER – PRESTRESSED CAST IN PLACE
‫ ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺑﺘﻦ ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺘﻦ ﭘﻴﺶ ﺗﻨﻴﺪه درﺟﺎ‬-17 ‫ﺟﺪول‬
Description
Minimum Cover.
mm
‫ﺷﺮح‬
(‫ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ )ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ‬
Concrete cast against and permanently exposed to earth
75
‫ﺑﺘﻦ در ﻣﺠﺎورت داﺋﻤﻲ ﺧﺎك‬
Concrete exposed to earth or weather:
Wall panels, slabs, joists
‫ﺑﺘﻦ در ﻣﺠﺎورت ﺧﺎك ﻳﺎ ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﺟﻮي‬
‫ داﻟﻬﺎ و ﺗﻴﺮﭼﻪ ﻫﺎ‬،‫ﭘﺎﻧﻠﻬﺎي دﻳﻮار‬
Other members
25
‫ﺳﺎﻳﺮ اﻋﻀﺎء‬
40
Concrete not exposed to weather or in contact with ground:
:‫ﺑﺘﻨﻲ ﻛﻪ در ﻣﻌﺮض ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﺟﻮي و ﺧﺎك ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ‬
Slabs, walls, joists
20
‫ ﺗﻴﺮﭼﻪ ﻫﺎ‬،‫ دﻳﻮارﻫﺎ‬،‫داﻟﻬﺎ‬
Beams, columns:
:‫ﺗﻴﺮﻫﺎ و ﺳﺘﻮﻧﻬﺎ‬
Primary reinforcement
Ties, stirrups, spirals
Shells, folded plate members:
‫آرﻣﺎﺗﻮرﻫﺎي اﺻﻠﻲ‬
‫ ﻣﺎرﭘﻴﭻ ﻫﺎ‬،‫ ﺧﺎﻣﻮﺗﻬﺎ‬،‫ﺗﻨﮕﻬﺎ‬
40
25
:‫ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﻫﺎ و اﻋﻀﺎي ﺑﺎ ﺻﻔﺤﺎت ﭼﻴﻦ ﭘﻠﻴﺴﻪ اي‬
10
No.16 bar, MW200 or MD200 wire, and smaller
‫ وﻛﻮﭼﻜﺘﺮ‬MD200 ‫ ﻳﺎ‬MW200 ‫ و ﻣﻔﺘﻮﻟﻬﺎي‬16 ‫ﻣﻴﻠﮕﺮد ﻧﻤﺮه‬
Other reinforcement
In contact with or above sea water:
underside and sides of slab
top side of slab
‫ﺳﺎﻳﺮآرﻣﺎﺗﻮرﻫﺎ‬
db but not
less than
20
:‫در ﺗﻤﺎس ﻳﺎ روي آب درﻳﺎ‬
‫ﺳﻄﻮح زﻳﺮي و ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻲ داﻟﻬﺎ‬
75
‫ﺳﻄﻮح ﺑﺎﻻﻳﻲ دال‬
50
beams
‫ﺗﻴﺮﻫﺎ‬
54
75
‫ وﻟﻲ‬db ‫ﻣﻌﺎدل‬
20 ‫ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ‬
Feb. 2009 / 1387 ‫ﺑﻬﻤﻦ‬
IPS-C-CE-200(1)
‫ ﺑﺮاي اﻋﻀﺎي ﭘﻴﺶ ﺗﻨﻴﺪه ﺑﺘﻨﻲ ﻛﻪ در ﻣﻌﺮض‬2-3-7-13
13.7.3.2 For prestressed concrete members
exposed to earth, weather, or corrosive
environments, minimum cover shall be increased
50 percent.
‫ ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﺟﻮي ﻳﺎ ﻣﺤﻴﻂﻫﺎي ﺧﻮرﻧﺪه ﻗﺮار ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ‬،‫ﺧﺎك‬
.‫ درﺻﺪ اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﻳﺎﺑﺪ‬50 ‫ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺑﺘﻦ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬
‫ ﮔﺮوه ﻣﻴﻠﮕﺮدﻫﺎ‬4-7-13
13.7.4 Bundled bars
‫ﺑﺮاي ﮔﺮوه ﻣﻴﻠﮕﺮدﻫﺎ ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺑﺘﻦ ﻣﻌﺎدل ﻗﻄﺮ ﻣﻌﺎدل‬
50 ‫ اﻣﺎ ﻻزم ﻧﻴﺴﺖ اﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺪار از‬،‫ﮔﺮوه ﻣﻴﻠﮕﺮد ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‬
‫ ﺑﺠﺰ ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺘﻦ در ﻣﻌﺮض داﺋﻤﻲ ﺧﺎك ﻛﻪ‬،‫ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ زﻳﺎدﺗﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
.‫ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬75 ‫ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬
For bundled bars, minimum concrete cover shall
be equal to the equivalent diameter of the bundle,
but need not be greater than 50 mm, except for
concrete cast against and permanently exposed to
earth, minimum cover shall be 75 mm.
‫ ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﺧﻮرﻧﺪه‬5-7-13
13.7.5 Corrosive environments
‫ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺑﺘﻦ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬،‫در ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﻫﺎي ﺧﻮرﻧﺪه ﻳﺎ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﺷﺪﻳﺪ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﻣﻴﺰان ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﻲ اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﻳﺎﺑﺪ و ﺗﺮاﻛﻢ و ﻋﺪم ﺗﺨﻠﺨﻞ ﺑﺘﻦ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬
.‫ﻣﺪﻧﻈﺮ ﻗﺮار ﮔﻴﺮد و ﻳﺎ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ اﻗﺪاﻣﺎت ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺘﻲ ﺑﻜﺎر رود‬
In corrosive environments or other severe
exposure conditions, amount of concrete
protection shall be suitably increased, and
denseness and nonporosity of protecting concrete
shall be considered, or other protection shall be
provided.
‫ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ در آﻳﻨﺪه‬6-7-13
13.7.6 Future extensions
‫ و ورﻗﻬﺎي ﻛﺎرﮔﺬاﺷﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه در ﺑﺘﻦ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر‬،‫ ﻗﻄﻌﺎت‬،‫آرﻣﺎﺗﻮرﻫﺎ‬
.‫ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ آﻳﻨﺪه ﺑﺎﻳﺪ در ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﺧﻮردﮔﻲ ﻣﺤﺎﻓﻈﺖ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
Exposed reinforcement, inserts, and plates
intended for bonding with future extensions shall
be protected from corrosion.
‫ ﻣﺤﺎﻓﻈﺖ در ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ آﺗﺶ ﺳﻮزي‬7-7-13
13.7.7 Fire protection
When the general building standard requires a
thickness of cover for fire protection greater than
the minimum concrete cover specified in Clause
13.7, such greater thicknesses shall be according
to IPS-E-CE-260.
‫درﻣﻮاردﻳﻜﻪ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻛﻠﻲ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎن ﻧﻴﺎزﻣﻨﺪ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻣﺤﺎﻓﻆ‬
7-13 ‫ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮي ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻫﺎي ﺑﺘﻦ ﺑﺮ ﻃﺒﻖ ﺑﻨﺪ‬
IPS-E-CE-260 ‫ ﻣﻘﺎدﻳﺮ ﺑﺰرﮔﺘﺮ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس‬.‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
.‫ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺷﻮد‬
13.8 For additional information regarding
reinforcement details for columns, connections,
lateral reinforcement for compression and flexural
members,
shrinkage
and
temperature
reinforcements and requirements for structural
integrity, reference is made to Chapter 7 of
ACI 318M.
،‫ ﺑﺮاي اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﺗﻜﻤﻴﻠﻲ در ﻣﻮرد ﺟﺰﺋﻴﺎت ﺳﺘﻮﻧﻬﺎ‬8-13
‫ آرﻣﺎﺗﻮرﻫﺎي ﻋﺮﺿﻲ ﺑﺮاي اﻋﻀﺎي ﻓﺸﺎري و اﻋﻀﺎي‬،‫اﺗﺼﺎﻻت‬
‫ آرﻣﺎﺗﻮرﻫﺎي اﻓﺖ و ﺣﺮارت و اﻟﺰاﻣﺎت ﻳﻜﭙﺎرﭼﮕﻲ ﺳﺎزه‬،‫ﺧﻤﺸﻲ‬
.‫ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﺷﻮد‬ACI 318M ‫ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬7 ‫ﺑﻪ ﻓﺼﻞ‬
55