FOREWORD
The Iranian Petroleum Standards (IPS) reflect
the views of the Iranian Ministry of Petroleum
and are intended for use in the oil and gas
production facilities, oil refineries, chemical and
petrochemical plants, gas handling and
processing installations and other such facilities.
IPS is based on internationally acceptable
standards and includes selections from the items
stipulated in the referenced standards. They are
also supplemented by additional requirements
and/or modifications based on the experience
acquired by the Iranian Petroleum Industry and
the local market availability. The options which
are not specified in the text of the standards are
itemized in data sheet/s, so that, the user can
select his appropriate preferences therein.
The IPS standards are therefore expected to be
sufficiently flexible so that the users can adapt
these standards to their requirements. However,
they may not cover every requirement of each
project. For such cases, an addendum to IPS
Standard shall be prepared by the user which
elaborates the particular requirements of the
user. This addendum together with the relevant
IPS shall form the job specification for the
specific project or work.
The IPS is reviewed and up-dated approximately
every five years. Each standards are subject to
amendment or withdrawal, if required, thus the
latest edition of IPS shall be applicable
The users of IPS are therefore requested to send
their views and comments, including any
addendum prepared for particular cases to the
following address. These comments and
recommendations will be reviewed by the
relevant technical committee and in case of
approval will be incorporated in the next revision
of the standard.
Standards and Research department
No.19, Street14, North kheradmand
Karimkhan Avenue, Tehran, Iran .
Postal Code- 1585886851
Tel: 88810459-60 & 66153055
Fax: 88810462
Email: Standards@nioc.org
‫ﭘﻴﺶ ﮔﻔﺘﺎر‬
‫( ﻣﻨﻌﻜﺲ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه دﻳﺪﮔﺎﻫﻬﺎي‬IPS) ‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪاردﻫﺎي ﻧﻔﺖ اﻳﺮان‬
‫وزارت ﻧﻔﺖ اﻳﺮان اﺳﺖ و ﺑﺮاي اﺳﺘﻔﺎده در ﺗﺄﺳﻴﺴﺎت ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ‬
‫ واﺣﺪﻫﺎي ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ و‬،‫ ﭘﺎﻻﻳﺸﮕﺎﻫﻬﺎي ﻧﻔﺖ‬،‫ﻧﻔﺖ و ﮔﺎز‬
‫ ﺗﺄﺳﻴﺴﺎت اﻧﺘﻘﺎل و ﺗﺼﻔﻴﻪ ﮔﺎز و ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﺗﺄﺳﻴﺴﺎت‬،‫ﭘﺘﺮوﺷﻴﻤﻲ‬
.‫ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ‬
‫ ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪاردﻫﺎي ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻗﺒﻮل‬،‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪاردﻫﺎي ﻧﻔﺖ‬
‫ﺑﻴﻦاﻟﻤﻠﻠﻲ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﺷﺪه و ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﮔﺰﻳﺪهﻫﺎﻳﻲ از اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪاردﻫﺎي‬
‫ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻴﺎت‬.‫ﻣﺮﺟﻊ در ﻫﺮ ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﻧﻔﺖ ﻛﺸﻮر و ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ ﻛﺎﻻ از ﺑﺎزار داﺧﻠﻲ و ﻧﻴﺰ‬
‫ ﻣﻮاردي ﺑﻄﻮر ﺗﻜﻤﻴﻠﻲ و ﻳﺎ اﺻﻼﺣﻲ در اﻳﻦ‬،‫ﺑﺮﺣﺴﺐ ﻧﻴﺎز‬
‫ ﻣﻮاردي از ﮔﺰﻳﻨﻪﻫﺎي ﻓﻨﻲ ﻛﻪ در‬.‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻟﺤﺎظ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ‬
‫ﻣﺘﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪاردﻫﺎ آورده ﻧﺸﺪه اﺳﺖ در داده ﺑﺮگﻫﺎ ﺑﺼﻮرت‬
‫ﺷﻤﺎره ﮔﺬاري ﺷﺪه ﺑﺮاي اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻛﺎرﺑﺮان آورده ﺷﺪه‬
.‫اﺳﺖ‬
‫ ﺑﺸﻜﻠﻲ ﻛﺎﻣﻼً اﻧﻌﻄﺎف ﭘﺬﻳﺮ ﺗﺪوﻳﻦ ﺷﺪه‬،‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪاردﻫﺎي ﻧﻔﺖ‬
.‫اﺳﺖ ﺗﺎ ﻛﺎرﺑﺮان ﺑﺘﻮاﻧﻨﺪ ﻧﻴﺎزﻫﺎي ﺧﻮد را ﺑﺎ آﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﻨﻄﺒﻖ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ‬
‫ﺑﺎ اﻳﻦ ﺣﺎل ﻣﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺖ ﺗﻤﺎم ﻧﻴﺎزﻣﻨﺪيﻫﺎي ﭘﺮوژه ﻫﺎ را‬
‫ در اﻳﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﻮارد ﺑﺎﻳﺪ اﻟﺤﺎﻗﻴﻪاي ﻛﻪ ﻧﻴﺎزﻫﺎي‬.‫ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻧﺪﻫﻨﺪ‬
‫ اﻳﻦ‬.‫ﺧﺎص آﻧﻬﺎ را ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ ﻣﻲﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ و ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺖ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ‬
‫ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت ﻓﻨﻲ آن ﭘﺮوژه‬،‫اﻟﺤﺎﻗﻴﻪ ﻫﻤﺮاه ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ‬
.‫و ﻳﺎ ﻛﺎر ﺧﺎص را ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﺧﻮاﻫﻨﺪ داد‬
‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪاردﻫﺎي ﻧﻔﺖ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﺎً ﻫﺮ ﭘﻨﺞ ﺳﺎل ﻳﻜﺒﺎر ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ‬
‫ در اﻳﻦ ﺑﺮرﺳﻲﻫﺎ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺖ‬.‫ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ و روزآﻣﺪ ﻣﻲﮔﺮدﻧﺪ‬
‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪاردي ﺣﺬف و ﻳﺎ اﻟﺤﺎﻗﻴﻪاي ﺑﻪ آن اﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﺷﻮد و ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﻳﻦ‬
.‫ﻫﻤﻮاره آﺧﺮﻳﻦ وﻳﺮاﻳﺶ آﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﻼك ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ درﺧﻮاﺳﺖ ﻣﻲﺷﻮد ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﻧﻈﺮﻫﺎ و‬،‫از ﻛﺎرﺑﺮان اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬
‫ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎدات اﺻﻼﺣﻲ و ﻳﺎ ﻫﺮﮔﻮﻧﻪ اﻟﺤﺎﻗﻴﻪاي ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮاي ﻣﻮارد‬
‫ ﻧﻈﺮات و‬.‫ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻲ زﻳﺮ ارﺳﺎل ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ‬،‫ﺧﺎص ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﻧﻤﻮدهاﻧﺪ‬
‫ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎدات درﻳﺎﻓﺘﻲ در ﻛﻤﻴﺘﻪﻫﺎي ﻓﻨﻲ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ و در‬
‫ﺻﻮرت ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺐ در ﺗﺠﺪﻳﺪ ﻧﻈﺮﻫﺎي ﺑﻌﺪي اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻣﻨﻌﻜﺲ‬
.‫ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ‬
‫ ﻛﻮﭼﻪ‬،‫ ﺧﺮدﻣﻨﺪ ﺷﻤﺎﻟﻲ‬،‫ ﺧﻴﺎﺑﺎن ﻛﺮﻳﻤﺨﺎن زﻧﺪ‬،‫ ﺗﻬﺮان‬،‫اﻳﺮان‬
19 ‫ ﺷﻤﺎره‬،‫ﭼﻬﺎردﻫﻢ‬
‫اداره ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت و اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪاردﻫﺎ‬
1585886851 : ‫ﻛﺪﭘﺴﺘﻲ‬
66153055 ‫ و‬88810459 - 60 : ‫ﺗﻠﻔﻦ‬
021-88810462 : ‫دور ﻧﮕﺎر‬
Standards@nioc.org
:‫ﭘﺴﺖ اﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﻴﻜﻲ‬
: ‫ﺗﻌﺎرﻳﻒ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ‬
General Definitions:
Throughout this Standard
definitions shall apply.
the
following
Company :
Refers to one of the related and/or affiliated
companies of the Iranian Ministry of Petroleum
such as National Iranian Oil Company, National
Iranian
Gas
Company,
and
National
Petrochemical Company etc.
Purchaser :
Means the “Company" Where this standard is
part of direct purchaser order by the “Company”,
and the “Contractor” where this Standard is a part
of contract documents.
Vendor And Supplier:
Refers to firm or person who will supply and/or
fabricate the equipment or material.
Contractor:
Refers to the persons, firm or company whose
tender has been accepted by the company,
Executor :
Executor is the party which carries out all or part
of construction and/or commissioning for the
project.
Inspector :
The Inspector referred to in this Standard is a
person/persons or a body appointed in writing by
the company for the inspection of fabrication and
installation work
Shall:
Is used where a provision is mandatory.
Should
Is used where a provision is advisory only.
Will:
Is normally used in connection with the action
by the “Company” rather than by a contractor,
supplier or vendor.
May:
Is used where a provision is completely
discretionary.
.‫در اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﺗﻌﺎرﻳﻒ زﻳﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎر ﻣﻲ رود‬
: ‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﻫﺎي اﺻﻠﻲ و واﺑﺴﺘﻪ وزارت ﻧﻔﺖ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﻣﻠﻲ‬
‫ ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﻣﻠﻲ ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ‬،‫ ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﻣﻠﻲ ﮔﺎز اﻳﺮان‬، ‫ﻧﻔﺖ اﻳﺮان‬
.‫ﭘﺘﺮوﺷﻴﻤﻲ و ﻏﻴﺮه اﻃﻼق ﻣﻴﺸﻮد‬
:‫ﺧﺮﻳﺪار‬
‫ﻳﻌﻨﻲ "ﺷﺮﻛﺘﻲ" ﻛﻪ اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﺑﺨﺸﻲ از ﻣﺪارك ﺳﻔﺎرش‬
‫ﺧﺮﻳﺪ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ آن "ﺷﺮﻛﺖ" ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﺪ و ﻳﺎ "ﭘﻴﻤﺎﻧﻜﺎري" ﻛﻪ اﻳﻦ‬
. ‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﺑﺨﺸﻲ از ﻣﺪارك ﻗﺮارداد آن اﺳﺖ‬
:‫ﻓﺮوﺷﻨﺪه و ﺗﺎﻣﻴﻦ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮﺳﺴﻪ و ﻳﺎ ﺷﺨﺼﻲ ﮔﻔﺘﻪ ﻣﻴﺸﻮد ﻛﻪ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات و ﻛﺎﻻﻫﺎي‬
. ‫ﻣﻮرد ﻟﺰوم ﺻﻨﻌﺖ را ﺗﺎﻣﻴﻦ ﻣﻴﻨﻤﺎﻳﺪ‬
:‫ﭘﻴﻤﺎﻧﻜﺎر‬
‫ ﻣﻮﺳﺴﻪ وﻳﺎ ﺷﺮﻛﺘﻲ ﮔﻔﺘﻪ ﻣﻴﺸﻮد ﻛﻪ ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎدش‬، ‫ﺑﻪ ﺷﺨﺺ‬
.‫ﺑﺮاي ﻣﻨﺎﻗﺼﻪ وﻳﺎ ﻣﺰاﻳﺪه ﭘﺬﻳﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ‬
: ‫ﻣﺠﺮي‬
‫ﻣﺠﺮي ﺑﻪ ﮔﺮوﻫﻲ اﺗﻼق ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد ﻛﻪ ﺗﻤﺎم ﻳﺎ ﻗﺴﻤﺘﻲ از‬
.‫ﻛﺎرﻫﺎي اﺟﺮاﻳﻲ و ﻳﺎ راه اﻧﺪازي ﭘﺮوژه را اﻧﺠﺎم دﻫﺪ‬
:‫ﺑﺎزرس‬
‫در اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﺑﺎزرس ﺑﻪ ﻓﺮد ﻳﺎ ﮔﺮوﻫﻲ اﺗﻼق ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد ﻛﻪ‬
‫ﻛﺘﺒﺎً ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻛﺎرﻓﺮﻣﺎ ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺎزرﺳﻲ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ و ﻧﺼﺐ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات‬
.‫ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
:‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬
.‫ﺑﺮاي ﻛﺎري ﻛﻪ اﻧﺠﺎم آن اﺟﺒﺎري اﺳﺖ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﻴﺸﻮد‬
:‫ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ‬
.‫ﺑﺮاي ﻛﺎري ﻛﻪ ﺿﺮورت اﻧﺠﺎم آن ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﻣﻴﺸﻮد‬
:‫ﺗﺮﺟﻴﺢ‬
‫ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻً در ﺟﺎﻳﻲ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﻲﺷﻮد ﻛﻪ اﻧﺠﺎم آن ﻛﺎر ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس‬
.‫ﻧﻈﺎرت "ﺷﺮﻛﺖ" ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
: ‫ﻣﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺖ‬
. ‫ﺑﺮاي ﻛﺎري ﻛﻪ اﻧﺠﺎم آن اﺧﺘﻴﺎري ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﺪ‬
IPS-E-PR-735(1)
ENGINEERING STANDARD
FOR
PROCESS DESIGN OF
PLANT SOLID WASTE
TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL SYSTEMS
FIRST REVISION
FEBRUARY 2010
‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ‬
‫ﺑﺮاي‬
‫ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﻓﺮآﻳﻨﺪي‬
‫ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي دﻓﻊ و ﺗﺼﻔﻴﻪ ﺿﺎﻳﻌﺎت ﺟﺎﻣﺪ ﻛﺎرﺧﺎﻧﻪ‬
‫وﻳﺮاﻳﺶ اول‬
1388 ‫ﺑﻬﻤﻦ‬
This Standard is the property of Iranian Ministry of Petroleum.
All rights are reserved to the owner. Neither whole nor any
part of this document may be disclosed to any third party,
reproduced, stored in any retrieval system or transmitted in
any form or by any means without the prior written consent of
the Iranian Ministry of Petroleum.
‫ ﺗﻤﺎم ﺣﻘﻮق آن ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﻪ‬.‫اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﻪ وزارت ﻧﻔﺖ اﻳﺮان اﺳﺖ‬
‫ ﺗﻤﺎم ﻳﺎ‬،‫ﻣﺎﻟﻚ آن ﺑﻮده و ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺪون رﺿﺎﻳﺖ ﻛﺘﺒﻲ وزارت ﻧﻔﺖ اﻳﺮان‬
‫ ذﺧﻴﺮه‬،‫ ﺑﻪ ﻫﺮ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻳﺎ وﺳﻴﻠﻪ ازﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﺗﻜﺜﻴﺮ‬، ‫ﺑﺨﺸﻲ از اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬
.‫ ﻳﺎ روش دﻳﮕﺮي در اﺧﺘﻴﺎر اﻓﺮاد ﺛﺎﻟﺚ ﻗﺮار ﮔﻴﺮد‬،‫ اﻧﺘﻘﺎل‬،‫ﺳﺎزي‬
Feb. 2010/ 1388 ‫ﺑﻬﻤﻦ‬
CONTENTS:
Page
No
IPS-E-PR-735(1)
:‫ﻓﻬﺮﺳﺖ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺐ‬
0. INTRODUCTION ............................................. 3
3 ............................................................. ‫ ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ‬-0
1. SCOPE................................................................ 4
4 ..................................................... ‫ داﻣﻨﻪ ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد‬-1
2. REFERENCES .................................................. 5
5 .............................................................‫ ﻣﺮاﺟﻊ‬-2
3.DEFINITIONS AND TERMINOLOGY.......... 6
6 .............................................. ‫ ﺗﻌﺎرﻳﻒ و واژﮔﺎن‬-3
4. SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS ............. 6
6 ........................................ ‫ ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ و اﺧﺘﺼﺎرات‬-4
5. UNITS................................................................. 7
7 ........................................................... ‫ واﺣﺪﻫﺎ‬-5
6. BASIC CONSIDERATIONS ........................... 7
7 ............................................... ‫ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺎت ﺑﻨﻴﺎدي‬-6
6.1 Classification............................................... 7
7 ................................................ ‫ ﻃﺒﻘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪي‬1-6
6.2 Methodology................................................ 8
8 ............................................. ‫ روش ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ‬2-6
6.3 Sources......................................................... 8
8 ....................................................... ‫ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ‬3-6
6.4 Characteristics ............................................ 11
11 ................................................ ‫ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻴﺎت‬4-6
6.5 Quantities .................................................... 11
11 ...................................................... ‫ ﻣﻘﺎدﻳﺮ‬5-6
7. SLUDGE HANDLING, TREATMENT
AND REUSE ...................................................... 12
12 ................... ‫ ﺗﺼﻔﻴﻪ و اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﺠﺪد از ﻟﺠﻦ‬،‫ ﺣﻤﻞ‬-7
7.1 General ........................................................ 12
12 ..................................................... ‫ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ‬1-7
7.2 Sludge and Scum Pumping ........................ 13
13 ................ ‫ ﺗﻠﻤﺒﻪ ﻛﺮدن ﻟﺠﻦ و ﺗﻔﺎﻟﻪ روي ﺳﻄﺢ‬2-7
7.3 Sludge Piping .............................................. 20
20 .......................................... ‫ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻛﺸﻲ ﻟﺠﻦ‬3-7
7.4 Preliminary Operation Facilities............... 21
21 .......................... ‫ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺎﺗﻲ‬4-7
7.5 Thickening (concentration)........................ 24
24 .................................... (‫ ﺗﻐﻠﻴﻆ)ﻏﻠﻴﻆ ﺳﺎزي‬5-7
7.6 Stabilization ................................................ 26
26 ...................................................... ‫ ﺗﺜﺒﻴﺖ‬6-7
7.7 Conditioning................................................ 32
32 ...................................................... ‫ اﺻﻼح‬7-7
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IPS-E-PR-735(1)
7.8 Disinfection.................................................. 33
33 ........................................ ‫ ﺿﺪﻋﻔﻮﻧﻲ ﻛﺮدن‬8-7
7.9 Dewatering .................................................. 34
34 .................................................... ‫ آﺑﮕﻴﺮي‬9-7
7.10 Heat Drying............................................... 41
41 ..................................‫ ﺧﺸﻚ ﻛﺮدن ﮔﺮﻣﺎﻳﻲ‬10-7
7.11 Thermal Reduction................................. 42
42 ............................................ ‫ اﺣﻴﺎء ﮔﺮﻣﺎﻳﻲ‬11-7
7.12 Land Application of Sludge ..................... 44
44 .............................. ‫ ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد زﻣﻴﻦ ﺑﺮاي ﻟﺠﻦ‬12-7
7.13 Chemical Fixation..................................... 45
45 ....................................... ‫ ﺗﺜﺒﻴﺖ ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ‬13-7
8. FINAL SLUDGE AND SOLIDS
CONVEYANCE, STORAGE AND
DISPOSAL ......................................................... 46
46 ... ‫ ذﺧﻴﺮه ﺳﺎزي و دﻓﻊ ﻟﺠﻦ و ﺟﺎﻣﺪات ﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ‬،‫ اﻧﺘﻘﺎل‬-8
8.1 General ........................................................ 46
46 ..................................................... ‫ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ‬1-8
8.2 Conveyance Methods.................................. 46
46 .......................................... ‫ روﺷﻬﺎي اﻧﺘﻘﺎل‬2-8
8.3 Sludge Storage ............................................ 48
48 ...................................... ‫ ذﺧﻴﺮه ﺳﺎزي ﻟﺠﻦ‬3-8
8.4 Final Disposal.............................................. 48
48 ................................................ ‫ دﻓﻊ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ‬4-8
8.5 Incineration................................................. 50
50 .................................................. ‫ ﺳﻮزاﻧﺪن‬5-8
8.6 Ash Handling and Disposal........................ 51
51 .................................. ‫ ﺣﻤﻞ و دﻓﻊ ﺧﺎﻛﺴﺘﺮ‬6-8
APPENDICES:
:‫ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺖﻫﺎ‬
APPENDIX A ........................................................ 52
52 ........................................................... ‫ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺖ اﻟﻒ‬
APPENDIX B TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS
OF SOLIDS AND SLUDGE...... 53
53 .............‫ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺖ ب ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت ﺟﺎﻣﺪات و ﻟﺠﻦ ﻫﺎ‬
APPENDIX C TYPICAL QUANTITIES AND
CONCENTRATIONS OF
SLUDGES ................................... 56
56 .................‫ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺖ ج ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﻘﺎدﻳﺮ و ﻏﻠﻈﺘﻬﺎي ﻟﺠﻦﻫﺎ‬
2
Feb. 2010/ 1388 ‫ﺑﻬﻤﻦ‬
IPS-E-PR-735(1)
‫ ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ‬-0
0. INTRODUCTION
"Design of Miscellaneous Processes in OGP
Industries" particularly involving in the
Environmental Aspects are broad and contain
various subjects of paramount importance.
‫ ﮔﺎز و‬،‫"ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﻓﺮآﻳﻨﺪﻫﺎي ﻣﺘﻔﺮﻗﻪ ﺑﺮاي ﻓﺮآﻳﻨﺪﻫﺎي ﻧﻔﺖ‬
‫ﭘﺘﺮوﺷﻴﻤﻲ" ﺑﻪ وﻳﮋه از ﻣﻨﻈﺮ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ زﻳﺴﺖ وﺳﻴﻊ و ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‬
.‫ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﺎت ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻣﻬﻢ اﺳﺖ‬
Therefore, a group of process Engineering
Standards are prepared to cover this subject. This
group includes the following Standards:
‫ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﻳﻦ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪاي از اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪاردﻫﺎي ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﻓﺮآﻳﻨﺪ ﺑﺮاي‬
‫ اﻳﻦ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‬.‫ﭘﻮﺷﺶ اﻳﻦ ﻣﻮﺿﻮع ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ‬
:‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪاردﻫﺎي زﻳﺮ اﺳﺖ‬
STANDARD CODE STANDARD TITLE
‫ﻣﻮﺿﻮع اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬
‫ﻛﺪ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬
IPS-E-PR-700
"Engineering Standard for
Process Design of Crude Oil
Electrostatic Desalters"
‫ "اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﺑﺮاي ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ‬IPS-E-PR-700
‫زداﻫﺎي‬
‫ﻧﻤﻚ‬
‫ﻓﺮآﻳﻨﺪي‬
"‫اﻟﻜﺘﺮواﺳﺘﺎﺗﻴﻜﻲ ﻧﻔﺖ ﺧﺎم‬
IPS-E-PR-725
"Engineering Standard for
Process Design of Plant Waste
Water Sewer Systems"
‫ "اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﺑﺮاي ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ‬IPS-E-PR-725
‫ﻓﺮآﻳﻨﺪي ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺠﺎري ﻓﺎﺿﻼب‬
"‫ﭘﺴﺎب ﻛﺎرﺧﺎﻧﻪ‬
IPS-E-PR-730
"Engineering Standard for
Process Design of Plant Waste
Water Treatment and Recovery
Systems"
‫ "اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﺑﺮاي ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ‬IPS-E-PR-730
‫ﻓﺮآﻳﻨﺪي ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺗﺼﻔﻴﻪ و‬
"‫ﺑﺎزﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﭘﺴﺎب ﻛﺎرﺧﺎﻧﻪ‬
IPS-E-PR-735
"Engineering Standard for
Process Design of Plant Solid
Waste Treatment & Disposal
Systems"
‫ "اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﺑﺮاي ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ‬IPS-E-PR-735
‫ﻓﺮآﻳﻨﺪي ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي دﻓﻊ و ﺗﺼﻔﻴﻪ‬
"‫ﺿﺎﻳﻌﺎت ﺟﺎﻣﺪ ﻛﺎرﺧﺎﻧﻪ‬
This Engineering Standard Specification covers:
:‫اﻳﻦ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﻋﻨﻮان زﻳﺮ را ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻣﻴﺪﻫﺪ‬
"PROCESS DESIGN OF PLANT SOLID WASTE
TREATMENT & DISPOSAL SYSTEMS"
‫" ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﻓﺮآﻳﻨﺪي ﺳـﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﻫـﺎي دﻓـﻊ و ﺗـﺼﻔﻴﻪ ﺿـﺎﻳﻌﺎت‬
"‫ﺟﺎﻣﺪ ﻛﺎرﺧﺎﻧﻪ‬
3
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IPS-E-PR-735(1)
‫ داﻣﻨﻪ ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد‬-1
1. SCOPE
This Engineering Standard Specification
covers minimum requirements for the process
design and engineering of plant solid waste
treatment and disposal facilities in OGP
Industries. This Engineering Standard does not
deal with the disposal systems and treatment
facilities pertaining to the air pollution aspects
and covers only the water pollution features.
‫اﻳﻦ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﻛﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ اﻟﺰاﻣﺎت ﺑﺮاي‬
‫ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﻓﺮآﻳﻨﺪي و ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﺗﺎﺳﻴﺴﺎت دﻓﻊ و ﺗﺼﻔﻴﻪ‬
‫ ﮔﺎز و ﭘﺘﺮوﺷﻴﻤﻲ‬،‫ﺿﺎﻳﻌﺎت ﺟﺎﻣﺪ ﻛﺎرﺧﺎﻧﻪ را در ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ ﻧﻔﺖ‬
‫ اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪاردﻫﺎي ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‬.‫ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻴﺸﻮد‬
‫ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎي دﻓﻊ و ﺗﺎﺳﻴﺴﺎت ﺗﺼﻔﻴﻪ ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ آﻟﻮدﮔﻲ ﻫﻮا‬
.‫ﻧﻤﻲ ﺷﻮد و ﻓﻘﻂ آﻟﻮدﮔﻲ آب را ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻣﻴﺪﻫﺪ‬
As far as Environmental Regulations are
concerned, extent of application of all systems,
facilities and/or methods as outlined in this
Standard Specification shall be instructed by
the Company for each project.
،‫از آﻧﺠﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻗﻮاﻧﻴﻦ زﻳﺴﺖ ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ ﻣﺪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬
،‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺮاي ﻫﺮ ﭘﺮوژه ﮔﺴﺘﺮه ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد ﻫﻤﻪ ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻳﺎ روﺷﻬﺎي ﺑﻴﺎن ﺷﺪه در اﻳﻦ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ‬/‫ﺗﺎﺳﻴﺴﺎت و‬
.‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد را ﻣﻌﻴﻦ ﻛﻨﺪ‬
This Engineering Standard Specification shall
be read in conjunction with the standards listed
below:
‫اﻳﻦ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻫﻤﺮاه ﺑﺎ‬
:‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪاردﻫﺎي زﻳﺮ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺷﻮد‬
IPS-E-GN-100
" Engineering Standard for
Units"
"‫ "اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﺑﺮاي واﺣﺪﻫﺎ‬IPS-E-GN-100
IPS-E-CE-400
“Engineering Standard for
Sanitary Sewage Treatment"
‫ "اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﺑﺮاي ﺗﺼﻔﻴﻪ‬IPS-E-CE-400
"‫ﻓﺎﺿﻼب ﺑﻬﺪاﺷﺘﻲ‬
IPS-C-CE-342
"Construction Standards for
Water Supply & Sewerage
System"
‫ "اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪاردﻫﺎي ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﺑﺮاي ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ‬IPS-C-CE-342
" ‫ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ آب و ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﻓﺎﺿﻼب‬
IPS-M-CE-345
"Material Standard for Water
Supply
&
Sewerage
Equipment"
‫ "اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻣﻮاد ﺑﺮاي ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات‬IPS-M-CE-345
"‫ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ آب و ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﻓﺎﺿﻼب‬
IPS-E-SF-880
" Engineering Standard for
Water Pollution Control"
‫ " اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﺑﺮاي ﻛﻨﺘﺮل‬IPS-E-SF-880
"‫آﻟﻮدﮔﻲ آب‬
IPS-E-PR-725
" Engineering Standard for
Process Design of Plant
Waste
Water
Sewer
Systems"
‫ "اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪاردﻫﺎي ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﺑﺮاي‬IPS-E-PR-725
‫ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﻓﺮآﻳﻨﺪي ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي‬
"‫ﻣﺠﺎري ﻓﺎﺿﻼب ﭘﺴﺎب ﻛﺎرﺧﺎﻧﻪ‬
IPS-E-PR-730
" Engineering Standard for
Process Design of Plant Waste
Water Treatment and Recovery
Systems"
‫ " اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﺑﺮاي ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ‬IPS-E-PR-730
‫ﻓﺮآﻳﻨﺪي ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﺗﺼﻔﻴﻪ و‬
"‫ﺑﺎزﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﭘﺴﺎب ﻛﺎرﺧﺎﻧﻪ‬
:1 ‫ﻳﺎدآوري‬
Note 1:
‫ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻛﻤﻴﺘﻪ ﻓﻨﻲ‬1384 ‫اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد در ﻣﺮداد ﻣﺎه ﺳﺎل‬
‫ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ و ﻣﻮارد ﺗﺄﻳﻴﺪ ﺷﺪه ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان اﺻﻼﺣﻴﻪ‬
‫ اﻳﻦ‬.‫ اﺑﻼغ ﮔﺮدﻳﺪ‬271 ‫ ﻃﻲ ﺑﺨﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺷﻤﺎره‬1 ‫ﺷﻤﺎره‬
. ‫ﻣﻮارد در اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻟﺤﺎظ ﮔﺮدﻳﺪه اﺳﺖ‬
This standard specification is reviewed and
updated by the relevant technical committee on
Aug 2005, as amendment No. 1 by circular No.
271.
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Feb. 2010/ 1388 ‫ﺑﻬﻤﻦ‬
IPS-E-PR-735(1)
:2 ‫ﻳﺎدآوري‬
Note 2:
‫اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد دو زﺑﺎﻧﻪ ﻧﺴﺨﻪ ﺑﺎزﻧﮕﺮي ﺷﺪه اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬
‫ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻛﻤﻴﺘﻪ ﻓﻨﻲ‬1388 ‫ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ در ﺑﻬﻤﻦ ﻣﺎه ﺳﺎل‬
‫ از‬.‫( اراﻳﻪ ﻣﻲﮔﺮدد‬1) ‫ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ اﻧﺠﺎم و ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان وﻳﺮاﻳﺶ‬
.‫( اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻣﻨﺴﻮخ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬0) ‫اﻳﻦ ﭘﺲ وﻳﺮاﻳﺶ‬
This bilingual standard is a revised version of
the standard specification by the relevant
technical committee on Feb 2010, which is
issued as revision (1). Revision (0) of the said
standard specification is withdrawn.
:3 ‫ﻳﺎدآوري‬
Note 3:
‫ ﻣﺘﻦ‬،‫در ﺻﻮرت اﺧﺘﻼف ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﺘﻦ ﻓﺎرﺳﻲ و اﻧﮕﻠﻴﺴﻲ‬
.‫اﻧﮕﻠﻴﺴﻲ ﻣﻼك ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
In case of conflict between Farsi and English
languages, English language shall govern.
‫ ﻣﺮاﺟﻊ‬-2
2. REFERENCES
Throughout this Standard the following dated
and undated standards/codes are referred to.
These referenced documents shall, to the extent
specified herein, form a part of this standard.
For dated references, the edition cited applies.
The applicability of changes in dated
references that occur after the cited date shall
be mutually agreed upon by the Company and
the Vendor. For undated references, the latest
edition of the referenced documents (including
any supplements and amendments) applies.
‫در اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﺑﻪ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪاردﻫﺎ و آﻳﻴﻦ ﻧﺎﻣﻪﻫﺎي ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ دار‬
‫ ﺗﺎ ﺣﺪي‬،‫ اﻳﻦ ﻣﺮاﺟﻊ‬.‫و ﺑﺪون ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ زﻳﺮ اﺷﺎره ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ‬
،‫ﻛﻪ در اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ‬
‫ در ﻣﺮاﺟﻊ‬.‫ﺑﺨﺸﻲ از اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻣﺤﺴﻮب ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
‫ وﻳﺮاﻳﺶ ﮔﻔﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه ﻣﻼك ﺑﻮده و ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮاﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ‬،‫ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ دار‬
‫ ﭘﺲ از ﺗﻮاﻓﻖ‬،‫ﺑﻌﺪ از ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ وﻳﺮاﻳﺶ در آﻧﻬﺎ داده ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ‬
‫ در ﻣﺮاﺟﻊ ﺑﺪون‬.‫ﺑﻴﻦ ﺷﺮﻛﺖ و ﻓﺮوﺷﻨﺪه ﻗﺎﺑﻞ اﺟﺮا ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ آﺧﺮﻳﻦ وﻳﺮاﻳﺶ آﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﻪ اﻧﻀﻤﺎم ﻛﻠﻴﻪ اﺻﻼﺣﺎت و‬،‫ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ‬
.‫ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺘﻬﺎي آن ﻣﻼك ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬
IPS(IRANIAN PETROLEUM STANDARDS)
(‫ )اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪاردﻫﺎي ﻧﻔﺖ اﻳﺮان‬IPS
IPS-E-CE-400
"Engineering Standard for
Sanitary Sewage Treatment"
‫ "اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﺑﺮاي ﺗﺼﻔﻴﻪ‬IPS-E-CE-400
"‫ﻓﺎﺿﻼب ﺑﻬﺪاﺷﺘﻲ‬
IPS-C-CE-342
"Construction Standards for
Water Supply & Sewerage
System"
‫ "اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪاردﻫﺎي ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﺑﺮاي ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ‬IPS-C-CE-342
" ‫ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ آب و ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﻓﺎﺿﻼب‬
IPS-E -GN -100 "Engineering Standard for
Units"
"‫ "اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﺑﺮاي واﺣﺪﻫﺎ‬IPS-E -GN -100
IPS-M-CE-345 "Material Standard for Water
Supply
&
Sewerage
Equipment"
‫ "اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻣﻮاد ﺑﺮاي ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ‬IPS-M-CE-345
"‫آب و ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﻓﺎﺿﻼب‬
IPS-E-SF-880
"Engineering Standard for
Water Pollution Control"
IPS-E-PR-725
"Engineering Standard for
Process Design of Plant
Waste
Water
Sewer
Systems"
‫ " اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﺑﺮاي ﻛﻨﺘﺮل‬IPS-E-SF-880
"‫آﻟﻮدﮔﻲ آب‬
‫ " اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪاردﻫﺎي ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﺑﺮاي ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ‬IPS-E-PR-725
‫ﻓﺮآﻳﻨﺪي ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺠﺎري ﻓﺎﺿﻼب‬
"‫ﭘﺴﺎب ﻛﺎرﺧﺎﻧﻪ‬
IPS-E-PR-730
"Engineering Standard for
Process Design of Plant Waste
Water
Treatment
and
Recovery Systems"
‫ "اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﺑﺮاي ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ‬IPS-E-PR-730
‫ﻓﺮآﻳﻨﺪي ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﺗﺼﻔﻴﻪ و ﺑﺎزﻳﺎﻓﺖ‬
"‫ﭘﺴﺎب ﻛﺎرﺧﺎﻧﻪ‬
5
Feb. 2010/ 1388 ‫ﺑﻬﻤﻦ‬
IPS-E-PR-735(1)
IPS-G-SF-130 "General Standard for Disposal of
Solid Waste"
‫ "اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ ﺑﺮاي دﻓﻊ ﺿﺎﻳﻌﺎت‬IPS-G-SF-130
"‫ﺟﺎﻣﺪ‬
“Waste Water Engineering, Treatment And
reuse” 4th Ed. 2003 METCALF & EDDY, INC.*
‫ ﺗﺼﻔﻴﻪ و اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﺠﺪد ﭘﺴﺎب " وﻳﺮاﻳﺶ‬،‫"ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ‬
*2003 ،‫ﭼﻬﺎرم‬
‫* ﻛﺘﺎب‬
* Text Book
‫ ﺗﻌﺎرﻳﻒ و واژﮔﺎن‬-3
3.DEFINITIONS and TERMINOLOGY
For definition of the particular terms/words of
this Standard Specification, reference should be
made to the latest revision of the following
standards/publications:
‫ﻛﻠﻤﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺧﺎص اﻳﻦ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ‬/‫ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﻋﺒﺎرات‬
‫ﻧﺸﺮﻳﻪ ﻫﺎي‬/‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﺑﻪ آﺧﺮﻳﻦ وﻳﺮاﻳﺶ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪاردﻫﺎي‬
.‫زﻳﺮ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ رﺟﻮع ﺷﻮد‬
API Vol. 1,
"Manual on Disposal of
Refinery Wastes, Volume on
Liquid Wastes"
،‫ "ﻛﺘﺎﺑﭽﻪ دﻓﻊ ﺿﺎﻳﻌﺎت ﭘﺎﻻﻳﺸﮕﺎﻫﻲ‬API Vol. 1,
IPS-E-CE-380
"Engineering Standard for
Sewerage and Surface Water
Drainage System"
‫ "اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﺑﺮاي ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ‬IPS-E-CE-380
"‫ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﻓﺎﺿﻼب و ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ آب ﺳﻄﺤﻲ‬
IPS-E-CE-390
"Engineering Standard for
Rain & Foul Water Drainage
of Buildings"
‫ آب ﺑﺎران‬، ‫ "اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﺑﺮاي‬IPS-E-CE-390
" ‫و آب آﻟﻮده ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎن ﻫﺎ‬
IPS-E-CE-400
"Engineering Standard for
Sanitary Sewage Treatment"
‫ "اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﺑﺮاي ﺗﺼﻔﻴﻪ‬IPS-E-CE-400
"‫ﻓﺎﺿﻼب ﺑﻬﺪاﺷﺘﻲ‬
IPS-E-PR-725
"Engineering Standard for
Process Design of Plant Waste
Water Sewer Systems"
‫ "اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﺑﺮاي ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ‬IPS-E-PR-725
‫ﻓﺮآﻳﻨﺪي ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺠﺎري‬
"‫ﻓﺎﺿﻼب ﭘﺴﺎب ﻛﺎرﺧﺎﻧﻪ‬
IPS-E-PR-730
"Engineering Standard for
Process Design of Plant Waste
Water
Treatment
and
Recovery Systems"
‫ " اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﺑﺮاي ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ‬IPS-E-PR-730
‫ﻓﺮآﻳﻨﺪي ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﺗﺼﻔﻴﻪ و‬
"‫ﺑﺎزﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﭘﺴﺎب ﻛﺎرﺧﺎﻧﻪ‬
" ‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﺿﺎﻳﻌﺎت ﻣﺎﻳﻊ‬
‫ ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ و اﺧﺘﺼﺎرات‬-4
4. SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS
Symbols and abbreviations referred to in this
Standard are as follows:
‫ﻋﻼﺋﻢ و اﺧﺘﺼﺎراﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪاردﻫﺎ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬
:‫در زﻳﺮ آﻣﺪه اﺳﺖ‬
BOD5
The 5 Day Biochemical Oxygen
Demand at 20°C.
‫ روز در‬5 ‫اﻛﺴﻴﮋن ﺑﻴﻮﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻴﺎز ﻃﻲ‬
.‫ درﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮاد‬20 ‫دﻣﺎي‬
BS&W
Basic Sediment and Water.
COD
Chemical Oxygen Demand.
DN
Diameter Nominal, (mm).
BOD5
.(‫ آب و رﺳﻮﺑﺎت ﭘﺎﻳﻪ)اوﻟﻴﻪ‬BS&W
6
.‫اﻛﺴﻴﮋن ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻴﺎز‬
COD
.(‫ )ﻣﻴﻠﻲ ﻣﺘﺮ‬، ‫ﻗﻄﺮ اﺳﻤﻲ‬
DN
Feb. 2010/ 1388 ‫ﺑﻬﻤﻦ‬
DO
Dissolved Oxygen.
EPA
Environmental Protection Agency.
l/s
Liter per second.
m
Meter.
OGP
Oil, Gas and Petrochemical.
PFRP
Process to Further Reduce Pathogens.
ppmm
IPS-E-PR-735(1)
.‫اﻛﺴﻴﮋن ﻣﺤﻠﻮل‬
DO
.‫آژاﻧﺲ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ زﻳﺴﺖ‬
EPA
.‫ﻟﻴﺘﺮ در ﺛﺎﻧﻴﻪ‬
l/s
.‫ﻣﺘﺮ‬
m
.‫ ﮔﺎز و ﭘﺘﺮوﺷﻴﻤﻲ‬،‫ﻧﻔﺖ‬
OGP
.‫ﻓﺮآﻳﻨﺪ ﺑﺮاي ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﺑﻴﻤﺎري زا‬
PFRP
Parts per million by mass, (mg/kg)
and/or (mg/l) in case of water.
‫ ﻳـﺎ در‬/ ‫( و‬mg/kg) ‫ﻗﺴﻤﺖ در ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻮن وزﻧﻲ‬
.(mg/l) ‫آب‬
ppmm
PSRP
Process to Significantly Reduce
Pathogens.
‫ﻓﺮآﻳﻨﺪ ﺑﺮاي ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﺑﻴﻤﺎري‬
.‫زا‬
PSRP
r/min
(rpm)
Rotations per minute.
.‫دور در دﻗﻴﻘﻪ‬
r/min
(rpm)
SS
Suspended Solids.
.‫ﺟﺎﻣﺪات ﻣﻌﻠﻖ‬
SS
TDS
Total Dissolved Solids.
.‫ﻛﻞ ﺟﺎﻣﺪات ﻣﺤﻠﻮل‬
TDS
TS
Total Solids.
.‫ﻛﻞ ﺟﺎﻣﺪات‬
TS
‫ واﺣﺪﻫﺎ‬-5
5. UNITS
This Standard is based on International System
of Units (SI) as per IPS-E-GN-100, except where
otherwise specified.
،(SI) ‫ ﺑﺮﻣﺒﻨﺎي ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﻤﻠﻠﻲ واﺣﺪﻫﺎ‬،‫اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬
‫ ﻣﮕﺮ آﻧﻜﻪ‬،‫ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬IPS-E-GN-100 ‫ﻣﻨﻄﺒﻖ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬
.‫در ﻣﺘﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﺑﻪ واﺣﺪ دﻳﮕﺮي اﺷﺎره ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺎت ﺑﻨﻴﺎدي‬-6
6. BASIC CONSIDERATIONS
6.1 Classification
‫ ﻃﺒﻘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪي‬1-6
Solid wastes include those suspended in liquids
and are classified in the following categories in
the order of increasing difficulty in disposal:
‫ﺿﺎﻳﻌﺎت ﺟﺎﻣﺪي ﻛﻪ در ﻣﺎﻳﻌﺎت ﻣﻌﻠﻖ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ‬
‫اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﻣﺸﻜﻼت دﻓﻊ ﺑﻪ ﮔﺮوه ﻫﺎي زﻳﺮ ﻃﺒﻘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪي‬
:‫ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
a)
Inert dry solids, e.g., trash, silt, spent
cracking catalyst.
‫ ﮔﻞ‬،‫ زﺑﺎﻟﻪ‬،‫ ازﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﺗﻔﺎﻟﻪ‬،‫اﻟﻒ( ﺟﺎﻣﺪات ﺧﺸﻚ ﺧﻨﺜﻲ‬
‫ ﻛﺎﺗﺎﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﻣﺼﺮف ﺷﺪه در واﺣﺪ‬،‫و ﻻي‬
‫ﻛﺮاﻛﻴﻨﮓ‬
b)
Combustible dry solids, e.g., trash,
waste paper, scrap lumber.
،‫ زﺑﺎﻟﻪ‬: ‫ب( ﺟﺎﻣﺪات ﺧﺸﻚ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ اﺣﺘﺮاق از ﺟﻤﻠﻪ‬
c)
.‫ اﻟﻮار اﺳﻘﺎﻃﻲ‬،‫ﻛﺎﻏﺬ زاﺋﺪ‬
Sludges containing water and solids,
‫ج( ﻟﺠﻦ ﻫـﺎي ﺣﺎوي آب و ﺟﺎﻣﺪات ازﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﻟﺠﻦ‬
e.g., water softener sludges, sanitary
.‫ ﻟﺠﻦ ﻫﺎي ﺑﻬﺪاﺷﺘﻲ‬، ‫ﻫﺎي واﺣﺪ ﻧﺮم ﻛﻨﻨﺪه آب‬
sludges
d)
‫د( ﻟﺠﻦ ﻫﺎي ﺣﺎوي روﻏﻦ ازﺟﻤﻠﻪ رﺳﻬﺎي ﻣﺼﺮف‬
Sludges containing oil, e.g., spent
clays.
.‫ﺷﺪه‬
7
Feb. 2010/ 1388 ‫ﺑﻬﻤﻦ‬
e)
IPS-E-PR-735(1)
،‫ﻫ( ﻟﺠﻦ ﻫﺎي ﺣﺎوي ﻧﻔﺖ – آب و ﺟﺎﻣﺪات ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ‬
Sludges containing oil, water, and
solids, e.g., tank bottoms, oil-water
separator bottoms.
‫ﻣﻮاد ﺗﻪ ﻣﺨﺎزن و ﻣﻮاد ﺗﻪ ﻇﺮف ﺟﺪا ﻛﻨﻨﺪه آب‬
.‫– روﻏﻦ‬
‫ روش ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ‬2-6
6.2 Methodology
For proper evaluation and selection of solid
waste disposal the following procedures shall be
performed:
‫ﺑﺮاي ارزﻳﺎﺑﻲ و اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ دﻓﻊ ﺿﺎﻳﻌﺎت ﺟﺎﻣﺪ ﻣﺮاﺣﻞ‬
:‫زﻳﺮ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ اﺟﺮا ﺷﻮد‬
a)
Tabulation of sources.
b)
Sludge production rates and quantities.
c)
Physical characteristics such as
pumpability, concentration factor, etc.
،‫ج( ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻴﺎت ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻜﻲ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ﺗﻠﻤﺒﻪ ﺷﺪن‬
Analyses for water, oil and solids
contents, volatiles, and ash.
‫ ﻣﻮاد‬،‫ ﻧﻔﺖ و ﺟﺎﻣﺪات‬،‫د( آﻧﺎﻟﻴﺰﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺮاي ﻣﻘﺎدﻳﺮ آب‬
Analyses of the water component for
pH, sulfide, acidity or alkalinity, lead,
and
other
constituents
having
potentially significant effects on water
pollution.
‫ اﺳﻴﺪي ﻳﺎ‬،‫ ﺳﻮﻟﻔﻴﺪ‬،pH ‫ﻫ( آﻧﺎﻟﻴﺰ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﺎت آب ﺑﺮاي‬
Analyses of the solids component for
combustible and non-combustible
content and for size distribution of the
dry solids.
‫و( آﻧﺎﻟﻴﺰﻫﺎي ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﺟﺎﻣﺪات ﺑﺮاي ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﺎت ﻗﺎﺑﻞ‬
d)
e)
f)
g)
.‫اﻟﻒ( ﺟﺪول ﺑﻨﺪي ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ‬
.‫ب( ﻣﻴﺰان و ﻣﻘﺎدﻳﺮ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻟﺠﻦ‬
.‫ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ و ﻏﻴﺮه‬
.‫ﻓﺮار و ﺧﺎﻛﺴﺘﺮ‬
‫ و ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ دﻳﮕﺮي ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ‬،‫ ﺳﺮب‬،‫ﻗﻠﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﻮدن‬
‫ﺻﻮرت ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻮه در آﻟﻮدﮔﻲ آب ﺗﺎﺛﻴﺮات ﻣﻬﻤﻲ‬
.‫دارﻧﺪ‬
‫اﺣﺘﺮاق و ﻏﻴﺮ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ اﺣﺘﺮاق و ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻮزﻳﻊ اﻧﺪازه‬
.‫ﺟﺎﻣﺪات ﺧﺸﻚ‬
Heating value of sludge (on dry basis).
(‫ز( ارزش ﮔﺮﻣﺎﻳﻲ ﻟﺠﻦ ﻫﺎ )ﺑﺮ ﻣﺒﻨﺎي ﺧﺸﻚ‬
‫ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ‬3-6
6.3 Sources
6.3.1 Solids in the crude oil supply
‫ ﺟﺎﻣﺪات ﻣﻮﺟﻮد در ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﺗﺎﻣﻴﻦ ﻧﻔﺖ ﺧﺎم‬1-3-6
All crude oils contain some basic sediment and
water (BS &W) which is generally composed of
a mixture of water, iron rust, iron sulfides, clay,
sand, and so forth produced with the crude oil or
picked up in transit. Part of the BS &W is
charged to the crude oil Unit and may settle out
in the desalter, entering the oily water sewer
system along with the desalter effluent. The
balance will settle out in storage tanks, resulting
in eventual tank-cleaning problems.
(BS & W) ‫ﺗﻤﺎم ﻧﻔﺖ ﻫﺎي ﺧﺎم داراي آب و رﺳﻮﺑﺎت ﭘﺎﻳﻪ‬
‫ﻛﻪ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﺎً اﻳﻦ رﺳﻮﺑﺎت ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻃﻲ از آب و زﻧﮓ آﻫﻦ‬
‫ ﺷﻦ و ﻏﻴﺮه ﻛﻪ ﻫﻤﺮاه ﺑﺎ‬،‫ ﺧﺎك رس‬،‫و ﺳﻮﻟﻔﻴﺪﻫﺎي آﻫﻦ‬
‫ﻧﻔﺖ ﺧﺎم ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺷﺪه و ﻳﺎ در ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ اﻧﺘﻘﺎل ﺑﺮداﺷﺘﻪ‬
‫( ﺑﻪ‬BS & W) ‫ ﻗﺴﻤﺘﻲ از آب و رﺳﻮﺑﺎت ﭘﺎﻳﻪ‬.‫ﻣﻴﺸﻮﻧﺪ‬
‫واﺣﺪ ﻧﻔﺖ ﺧﺎم وارد ﺷﺪه و ﻣﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺖ در ﻧﻤﻚ زدا‬
‫رﺳﻮب ﻛﻨﺪ و از ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻣﻮاد ﺧﺮوﺟﻲ ﻧﻤﻚ زدا وارد ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ‬
‫ ﺑﻘﻴﻪ در ﺗﺎﻧﻜﻬﺎي ذﺧﻴﺮه‬،‫ﻣﺠﺎري ﻓﺎﺿﻼب آب روﻏﻨﻲ ﺷﻮد‬
‫ﺗﻪ ﻧﺸﻴﻦ ﺷﺪه و ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ اﻳﺠﺎد ﻣﺸﻜﻼت در ﺗﻤﻴﺰ ﻛﺮدن‬
.‫ﻣﺨﺎزن ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد‬
‫ ﺟﺎﻣﺪات ﺣﺎﺻﻞ از آﺑﻬﺎي ﺳﻄﺤﻲ‬2-3-6
6.3.2 Solids from surface water
Process waters and all other special drainages
throughout the plant/refinery shall be isolated
‫آﺑﻬﺎي ﻓﺮآﻳﻨﺪي و ﺗﻤﺎﻣﻲ ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺧﺎص در ﭘﺎﻻﻳﺸﮕﺎهﻫﺎ‬
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from surface run-off. The surface drainage shall
be collected in a dedicated and separate clean
storm water sewer system (see IPS-E-PR-725).
Extensive efforts shall be made to the
segregation of the surface drainages and
avoiding the contamination or mixing with the
oily water sewers.
IPS-E-PR-735(1)
‫ ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ‬.‫ ﻛﺎرﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ از آﺑﻬﺎي ﺟﺎري ﺳﻄﺤﻲ ﺟﺪا ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬/
‫ﺳﻄﺤﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ در ﻳﻚ ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﻣﺠﺰا و ﺧﺎص ﻣﺠﺎري‬
‫ )ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﺷﻮد ﺑــﻪ‬.‫ﻓﺎﺿﻼب ﺳﻴﻼب ﺗﻤﻴﺰ ﺟﻤﻊ ﮔﺮدﻧﺪ‬
‫ ﺗﻼﺷﻬﺎي ﮔﺴﺘﺮدهاي ﺑﺮاي ﺟﺪاﺳﺎزي‬.(IPS-E-PR-725
‫ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪﻫﺎي ﺳﻄﺤﻲ و ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮي از آﻟﻮدﮔﻲ ﻳﺎ آﻣﻴﺨﺘﻦ‬
.‫آﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺠﺎري ﭘﺴﺎب روﻏﻨﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ اﻧﺠﺎم ﮔﻴﺮد‬
‫ ﺟﺎﻣﺪات در ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﺗﺎﻣﻴﻦ آب‬3-3-6
6.3.3 Solids in the water supply
Silt may enter in the water supply. Depending on
the source of the supplied water to the
plant/refinery and the characteristics and
impurities, provision of sedimentation before the
water is used shall be investigated. Special
attention shall be made to the reducing of
deposition of solids in cooling tower basins, heat
exchangers and other consumers and, also to
prevent these solids from entering oily water
sewers.
.‫ﮔﻞ و ﻻي ﻣﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺖ در ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﺗﺎﻣﻴﻦ آب وارد ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
‫ ﭘﺎﻻﻳﺸﮕﺎه و‬/ ‫ﺑﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﺒﻊ آب ﺗﺎﻣﻴﻦ ﺷﺪه ﺑﻪ واﺣﺪ‬
‫ﺧﻮاص و ﻧﺎﺧﺎﻟﺼﻲﻫﺎي آن ﭘﻴﺶ ﺑﻴﻨﻲ رﺳﻮب ﮔﺬاري ﻗﺒﻞ‬
‫ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺧﺎﺻﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺮاي‬.‫از ﻣﺼﺮف آب ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﮔﺮدد‬
‫ﻛﺎﻫﺶ رﺳﻮب ﮔﺬاري ﺟﺎﻣﺪات در ﺣﻮﺿﭽﻪ ﺑﺮﺟﻬﺎي ﺧﻨﻚ‬
‫ ﻣﺒﺪل ﻫﺎي ﮔﺮﻣﺎﻳﻲ و دﻳﮕﺮ ﻣﺼﺮف ﻛﻨﻨﺪهﻫﺎ اﻧﺠﺎم‬،‫ﻛﻨﻨﺪه‬
‫ﮔﻴﺮد و از ورود اﻳﻦ ﺟﺎﻣﺪات ﺑﻪ ﻣﺠﺎري ﻓﺎﺿﻼب آﺑﻬﺎي‬
.‫روﻏﻨﻲ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮي ﺑﻪ ﻋﻤﻞ آﻳﺪ‬
‫ ﺿﺎﻳﻌﺎت ﺟﺎﻣﺪ ﺑﻬﺪاﺷﺘﻲ‬4-3-6
6.3.4 Sanitary solid wastes
Sanitary wastes should be segregated from all
other types of drainage systems (see Article 2 of
this Standard Specification for applicable
sources of disposal and treatment of sanitary
sewer).
‫ﺿﺎﻳﻌﺎت ﺑﻬﺪاﺷﺘﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺴﺘﻲ از ﻛﻠﻴﻪ اﻧﻮاع ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ‬
‫ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت اﻳﻦ‬2 ‫ﺟﺪا ﮔﺮدﻧﺪ )ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﺷﻮد ﺑﻪ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ‬
‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﺑﺮاي ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ اﺟﺮا دﻓﻊ و ﺗﺼﻔﻴﻪ ﻓﺎﺿﻼب‬
.(‫ﺑﻬﺪاﺷﺘﻲ‬
6.3.5 Solids and sludges in waste water
systems
‫ ﺟﺎﻣﺪات و ﻟﺠﻦ ﻫﺎ در ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﭘﺴﺎب‬5-3-6
According to the type of plant and the method of
plant operation, the sources of solids in a waste
water treatment plant can be realized. The
principal sources of solids and sludge and the
types generated in a conventional waste water
treatment plant is demonstrated in Table A.1 of
Appendix A. Solids may also be formed by
interaction of waste streams in the sewer. Waste
waters contain metal ions, such as iron,
aluminum, copper; magnesium and etc. from
corrosion of the process equipment, chemicals
used in treating cooling water, salts in the water
intake, and chemicals used in processing.
Insoluble metal hydroxide floc may be formed
when alkaline wastes are discharged and raise
the pH of waste water above neutral. The wastes
containing a considerable concentrations of
phenols, sulfides, emulsifying agents and
alkalines shall be segregated. In general
‫ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ‬،‫ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻮع ﻛﺎرﺧﺎﻧﻪ و روش ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت ﻛﺎرﺧﺎﻧﻪ‬
‫ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ‬.‫ﺟﺎﻣﺪات در واﺣﺪ ﺗﺼﻔﻴﻪ ﭘﺴﺎب ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ اﺳﺖ‬
‫اﺻﻠﻲ ﺟﺎﻣﺪات و ﻟﺠﻦ و اﻧﻮاع آﻧﻬﺎ ﻛﻪ در ﻳﻚ ﻛﺎرﺧﺎﻧﻪ‬
1-‫ﻣﺘﺪاول ﺗﺼﻔﻴﻪ ﭘﺴﺎب ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ در ﺟﺪول اﻟﻒ‬
‫ ﺟﺎﻣﺪات ﻣﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺖ‬.‫ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺖ )اﻟﻒ( ﻧﺸﺎن داده ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ‬
‫ﺑﻪ وﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﺑﺮﻫﻢ ﻛﻨﺶ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻧﻬﺎي ﺿﺎﻳﻌﺎت در ﻣﺠﺎري‬
‫ب ﻫﺎي داراي ﻳﻮﻧﻬﺎي ﻓﻠﺰي‬Ĥ‫ ﭘﺴ‬.‫ﻓﺎﺿﻼب ﺷﻜﻞ ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ‬
‫ از ﺧﻮردﮔﻲ‬.‫ ﻣﻨﻴﺰﻳﻢ و ﻏﻴﺮه‬،‫ ﻣﺲ‬،‫ آﻟﻮﻣﻴﻨﻴﻮم‬،‫ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ آﻫﻦ‬
‫ ﻣﻮاد ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده در آب‬،‫ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات ﻓﺮآﻳﻨﺪي‬
‫ ﻧﻤﻚ ﻫﺎي ﻣﻮﺟﻮد در آب ورودي و ﻣﻮاد‬،‫ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه‬
‫ ﺗﻮده‬.‫ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده در ﻓﺮآﻳﻨﺪ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬
‫ﻫﻴﺪروﻛﺴﻴﺪ ﻓﻠﺰات ﻧﺎﻣﺤﻠﻮل ﻣﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺖ در ﺻﻮرت ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ‬
‫ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ‬،‫ ﭘﺴﺎب ﺑﺎﻻي ﺧﻨﺜﻲ‬pH ‫ﺿﺎﻳﻌﺎت ﺑﺎزي و اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ‬
،‫ ﺿﺎﻳﻌﺎﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ داراي ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﻫﺎي ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ از ﻓﻨﻞ ﻫﺎ‬.‫ﺷﻮد‬
‫ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬،‫ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ اﻣﻮﻟﺴﻴﻮﻧﻲ و آﻟﻜﺎﻟﻴﻦ ﻫﺎ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬،‫ﺳﻮﻟﻔﻴﺪﻫﺎ‬
‫ در ﻛﻞ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ ﻫﺮﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﻮاد ﺑﻪ‬.‫ﺟﺪا ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
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discharging of any material to the oily sewer
system or other drainage systems should be
investigated for the final waste treatment and
disposal targets.
IPS-E-PR-735(1)
،‫ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﻣﺠﺎري ﻓﺎﺿﻼب روﻏﻨﻲ ﻳﺎ ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ دﻳﮕﺮ‬
.‫ﺑﺮاي دﻓﻊ و ﺗﺼﻔﻴﻪ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﺿﺎﻳﻌﺎت ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﻗﺮار ﮔﻴﺮد‬
‫ ﻛﺎﺗﺎﻟﻴﺰورﻫﺎي ﻓﺮآﻳﻨﺪﻫﺎي ﻛﺎﺗﺎﻟﻴﺴﺘﻲ‬6-3-6
6.3.6 Catalytic processes catalysts
Catalyst can be appeared in the sewer systems in
‫ﻛﺎﺗﺎﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﻣﻴﺘﻮاﻧﺪ در ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﻣﺠﺎري ﻓﺎﺿﻼب در‬
.‫ﻛﺎرﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي داراي ﻓﺮآﻳﻨﺪﻫﺎي ﻛﺎﺗﺎﻟﻴﺘﻴﻜﻲ ﻇﺎﻫﺮ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
‫ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰاﺗﻲ ﺑﺮاي ﺑﻪ ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ رﺳﺎﻧﺪن دﻓﻊ ﻛﺎﺗﺎﻟﻴﺰورﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬
‫ ﻛﺎﻣﻴﻮﻧﻬﺎي ﻧﺎوداﻧﻲ و ﻇﺮﻓﻬﺎي ﭘﻮﺷﺶدار ﻗﺎﺑﻞ‬.‫ﺗﻌﺒﻴﻪ ﮔﺮدد‬
‫ﺣﻤﻞ ﺑﺮاي ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮي از ورود ذرات ﻛﺎﺗﺎﻟﻴﺰورﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻮا‬
،‫ ﺑﻌﻀﻲ ﻣﻮاﻗﻊ ﻛﺎﺗﺎﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ وﺳﻴﻠﻪ آب‬.‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﻌﺒﻴﻪ ﮔﺮدد‬
‫دوﻏﺎﺑﻲ ﺷﺪه و ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻤﺎً ﺑﻪ درون ﺣﻮﺿﭽﻪ ﺟﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ‬
.‫ ﺗﻠﻤﺒﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬،‫ﺟﺎﻣﺪات در آن ﺗﻪ ﻧﺸﻴﻦ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد‬
‫ﻛﺎﺗﺎﻟﻴﺰورﻫﺎي ﻣﺼﺮف ﺷﺪه ﺟﺎﻣﺪي ﻛﻪ داراي ﭘﻼﺗﻴﻨﻴﻮم ﻳﺎ‬
‫ﻓﻠﺰات ارزﺷﻤﻨﺪ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺎزﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎزﻧﺪه‬
.‫ﺑﺎزﮔﺮداﻧﺪه ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
the plants with catalytic processes applications.
Means shall be provided to minimize catalyst
disposal. Hopper trucks or covered portable
containers shall be provided to prevent catalyst
fines from becoming airborne. In some cases
spent catalyst is slurred with water and pumped
directly to ponds where the solids are settled.
Spent solid catalysts which contain, platinum or
other valuable metals shall be returned to the
manufacturer for recovery.
‫ ﺟﺎﻣﺪات ﺣﺎﺻﻞ از ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت ﻛﻚ ﺳﺎزي‬7-3-6
6.3.7 Solids from coking operations
6.3.7.1 Coke fines
‫ ذرات ﻛﻚ‬1-7-3-6
Water used to remove coke from coke chambers
in delayed coking Units shall be recirculated
through a settling basin to remove entrained coke
fines. The basin can be located near the coke
storage pile so that storm water will drain
through the basin to recover coke washed from
the storage area. To clean the basin, coke can be
transferred directly to the storage pile with
appropriate equipment.
‫آب ﻣﺼﺮﻓﻲ ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺮداﺷﺘﻦ ﻛﻚ از ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻛﻚ در‬
‫واﺣﺪﻫﺎي ﻛﻚ ﺗﺄﺧﻴﺮي ﺑﺎﻳﺪ از ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺣﻮﺿﭽﻪﻫﺎي ﺗﻪ‬
‫ ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺖ داده‬،‫ﻧﺸﻴﻨﻲ ﭘﺲ از ﺟﺪا ﺷﺪن ذرات ﻛﻚ ﻫﻤﺮاه‬
‫ ﺣﻮﺿﭽﻪ ﻣﻴﺘﻮاﻧﺪ در ﻧﺰدﻳﻜﻲ ﻣﺨﺎزن ﻛﻚ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ‬.‫ﺷﻮد‬
،‫ﺷﻮد ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮري ﻛﻪ ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﺳﻴﻼب ﺑﺎ رﻳﺨﺘﻦ ﺑﻪ ﺣﻮﺿﭽﻪ‬
‫ ﺑﺮاي‬.‫ﻛﻚ ﺷﺴﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه از ﻣﺤﻮﻃﻪ ﻣﺨﺎزن را ﺑﺎزﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‬
‫ ﻛﻚ ﻣﻲﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻤﺎً ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮدهﻫﺎي‬،‫ﺗﻤﻴﺰﻛﺎري ﺣﻮﺿﭽﻪﻫﺎ‬
.‫ذﺧﻴﺮه ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻣﻨﺘﻘﻞ ﺷﻮد‬
‫ ﻣﻮم ﻫﺎي ﭘﺲ ﻣﺎﻧﺪه‬2-7-3-6
6.3.7.2 Wax tailings
‫ﻣﻮمﻫﺎي ﭘﺲ ﻣﺎﻧﺪه از ﻓﺮآﻳﻨﺪ ﻛﻚ ﺳﺎزي ﻳﻚ ﻣﺸﻜﻞ‬
‫ از دﻓﻊ ﻣﻮم‬.‫ﺳﺨﺖ دﻓﻊ در ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﻣﺠﺎري ﻓﺎﺿﻼب اﺳﺖ‬
.‫ﭘﺲ ﻣﺎﻧﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﭘﺴﺎب روﻏﻨﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮي ﺷﻮد‬
‫رﺳﻮب ﻣﻮم ﻣﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺖ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﮕﻲ در ﻣﺠﺎري ﭘﺴﺎب‬
‫روﻏﻨﻲ ﮔﺮدد ﻳﺎ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﺟﺪاﻛﻨﻨﺪه آب روﻏﻦ را ﺑﻪ‬
‫ در ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﻣﻮارد ﻣﻮم ﻫﺎي ﭘﺲ ﻣﺎﻧﺪه‬.‫ﻫﻤﺮاه داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ﺻﻌﻮد ﻛﺮده و ﺗﺎ ﻳﻚ اﻧﺪازه در ﻻﻳﻪ ﻧﻔﺘﻲ ﺟﺬب ﺷﺪه و‬
‫ ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﻫﺎﻳﻲ‬.‫ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻣﺸﻜﻼت در ﺗﺼﻔﻴﻪ روﻏﻦ زاﻳﺪ ﺷﻮد‬
‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﻮد ﻛﻪ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰاﺗﻲ ﺑﺮاي دﻓﻊ ﻣﻮم ﭘﺲ ﻣﺎﻧﺪه‬
‫ﻗﺒﻞ از ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ آﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﻣﺠﺎري ﭘﺴﺎب ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﻌﺒﻴﻪ‬
‫ ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ ﻛﻚ ﺳﺎز ﻣﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺖ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ دﺳﺘﮕﺎه‬.‫ﮔﺮدد‬
Wax tailings from coking processes present a
very difficult disposal problem in the sewer
systems. Wax tailings disposal to the oily sewer
system shall be avoided. Wax deposits may form
to clog the oily water sewer or to reduce the
capacity of the oil water separators. In some
cases, the wax tailings will rise and be partially
absorbed in the oil layer, causing slop oil treating
problems. Investigations shall be made to
provide facilities to remove wax tailings before
discharging to the sewer system. The coker
blowdown system may include a scrubber in
which a light oil, such as light cycle oil is
10
Feb. 2010/ 1388 ‫ﺑﻬﻤﻦ‬
IPS-E-PR-735(1)
recirculated to dissolve wax tailings and remove
them from the water. When the API gravity of
the light oil has reached a certain point, the oil
shall be returned to the hot-oil system via the
fractionator and be replaced by a new charge.
‫ﺗﺼﻔﻴﻪ ﮔﺎز ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ در آن ﻳﻚ ﻣﺎده ﻧﻔﺘﻲ ﺳﺒﻚ از ﻗﺒﻴﻞ‬
‫ﻧﻔﺖ ﭼﺮﺧﺸﻲ ﺑﺮاي ﺣﻞ ﻣﻮم ﻫﺎ ﺑﺼﻮرت ﮔﺮدﺷﻲ ﺑﺮاي‬
‫ ﻣﺎده‬API ‫ وﻗﺘﻲ ﻛﻪ درﺟﻪ‬.‫ﺣﺬف آﻧﻬﺎ از آب اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﮔﺮدد‬
‫ ﻧﻔﺖ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ از ﻃﺮﻳﻖ‬،‫ﻧﻔﺘﻲ ﺳﺒﻚ ﺑﻪ ﻳﻚ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﻣﻌﻠﻮم ﻣﻴﺮﺳﺪ‬
‫ﺗﻔﻜﻴﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ روﻏﻦ داغ ﺑﺮﮔﺮداﻧﺪه ﺷﺪه و ﺑﺎ‬
.‫ﻣﺎده ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺰﻳﻦ ﺷﻮد‬
6.3.8 Particulate matter and fly ash
‫ اﺟﺰاء ﺑﺴﻴﺎر رﻳﺰ و ﺧﺎﻛﺴﺘﺮﻫﺎي ﻣﻌﻠﻖ در ﻫﻮا‬8-3-6
Particulate matter from collectors is sometimes
commercially valuable either directly or after
further treatment. Therefore, special attention
shall be made to collect the particles for reuse
purposes such as:
‫ذرات ﻣﺎده ﺣﺎﺻﻞ از ﻇﺮف ﺟﻤﻊ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﮔﺎﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت‬
‫ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ و ﻳﺎ ﭘﺲ از ﺗﺼﻔﻴﻪ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ از ﻧﻈﺮ ﺗﺠﺎري ارزﺷﻤﻨﺪ‬
‫ ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﻳﻦ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ وﻳﮋه اي ﺑﺮاي ﺟﻤﻊ ﻛﺮدن‬.‫ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‬
:‫ذرات ﺑﺮاي اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﺠﺪد در ﻣﻘﺎﺻﺪ زﻳﺮ ﻧﻤﻮد‬
-
Addition to concrete in small amount;
-
Using as constituent of clay bricks;
-
Using as a soil conditioner.
‫اﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﻛﺮدن ﺑﻪ ﺑﺘﻦ در ﻣﻘﺎدﻳﺮ ﻛﻢ؛‬
-
‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﺟﺰﺋﻲ از آﺟﺮﻫﺎي رﺳﻲ؛‬
-
.‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﺣﺎﻟﺖ دﻫﻨﺪه ﺧﺎك‬
-
‫ ﺗﻤﻴﺰﻛﺎري ﺿﺎﻳﻌﺎت‬9-3-6
6.3.9 Cleanout wastes
Solids from cleanout operations contain
normally a considerable amounts of various
metals and should not be sent to the oily water
system.
‫ﺟﺎﻣﺪات ﺣﺎﺻﻞ از ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت ﺗﻤﻴﺰﻛﺎري ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻘﺎدﻳﺮ‬
‫ﻣﺘﻔﺎوﺗﻲ از ﻓﻠﺰﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ داﺧﻞ‬
.‫ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ آب روﻏﻨﻲ وارد ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
‫ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ دﻳﮕﺮ‬10-3-6
6.3.10 Other sources
Other sources of the solid wastes such as the
following shall be taken into consideration:
‫ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ دﻳﮕﺮ ﺿﺎﻳﻌﺎت ﺟﺎﻣﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﻮرد ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻗﺮار ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ‬
:‫در زﻳﺮ آﻣﺪه اﺳﺖ‬
-
Storage tank drains.
.‫ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ زﻣﻴﻨﻲ از ﻣﺨﺰن ذﺧﻴﺮه‬
-
-
Process Unit drains.
.‫ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪﻫﺎي واﺣﺪ ﻓﺮآﻳﻨﺪي‬
-
-
Catalyst contaminated streams.
.‫ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻧﻬﺎي آﻟﻮده ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮاد ﻛﺎﺗﺎﻟﻴﺴﺘﻲ‬
-
-
Others.
.‫دﻳﮕﺮ ﻣﻮارد‬
-
‫ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻴﺎت‬4-6
6.4 Characteristics
The characteristics vary depending on the origin
of the solids and sludge, the amount of aging that
has taken place, and the type of processing to
which they have been subjected. Some of the
physical characteristics of sludges are
summarized in Tables B.1, B.2, and B.3 of
Appendix B.
‫ اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ‬،‫ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻴﺎت ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﺸﺎء ﺟﺎﻣﺪات و ﻟﺠﻦ ﻫﺎ‬
‫ ﺑﻌﻀﻲ از‬.‫ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‬،‫ﻛﻬﻨﮕﻲ و ﻧﻮع ﻓﺮآﻳﻨﺪ اﻧﺠﺎم ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ‬
‫ و‬2-‫ ب‬،1-‫ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻴﺎت ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻜﻲ ﻟﺠﻦ ﻫﺎ در ﺟﺪوﻟﻬﺎي ب‬
.‫ ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺖ )ب( ﺟﻤﻊ آوري ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ‬3-‫ب‬
‫ ﻣﻘﺎدﻳﺮ‬5-6
6.5 Quantities
The quantity of solids entering the waste water
treatment plant is fluctuated over a wide range.
‫ب در ﻳﻚ‬Ĥ‫ﻣﻘﺪار ﻣﻮاد ﺟﺎﻣﺪ ورودي ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎرﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﺗﺼﻔﻴﻪ ﭘﺴ‬
.‫ﮔﺴﺘﺮه وﺳﻴﻊ ﻧﻮﺳﺎن دارد‬
11
Feb. 2010/ 1388 ‫ﺑﻬﻤﻦ‬
To ensure capacity capable of handling these
variations, the following factors shall be taken
into consideration:
IPS-E-PR-735(1)
،‫ﺑﺮاي اﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎن از ﺗﻮاﻧﺎﻳﻲ ﺗﺤﻤﻞ ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ در اﻳﻦ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮات‬
:‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ زﻳﺮ ﻣﻮرد ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻗﺮار ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ‬
a) The average and maximum rates
of sludge production.
.‫اﻟﻒ( ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ و ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ ﻧﺮخ ﻟﺠﻦ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪي‬
b) The potential storage capacity of
the treatment Units within the
plant.
‫ب( ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ذﺧﻴﺮه ﺳﺎزي ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻮه واﺣﺪﻫﺎي ﺗﺼﻔﻴﻪ‬
c) Capabilities to dump short-term
peak loads (e.g., by sufficient
capacity of equalization basin).
‫ج( ﺗﻮاﻧﺎﻳﻲ ﺣﻤﻞ زاﺋﺪات در زﻣﺎن ﻛﻮﺗﺎه اوج ﺑﺎر )ﺑﻪ‬
.‫درون ﻛﺎرﺧﺎﻧﻪ‬
‫ ﺑﺎ ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﻛﺎﻓﻲ ﺣﻮﺿﭽﻪﻫﺎي‬:‫ﻋﻨﻮان ﻣﺜﺎل‬
.(‫ﻧﻮﺳﺎن ﮔﻴﺮ‬
Data on the quantities of sludge produced from
various processes and operations and also
sludge concentrations are shown in Table C.1
of Appendix C
‫داده ﻫﺎ در ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻘﺎدﻳﺮ ﻟﺠﻦ ﻫﺎي ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪي از ﻓﺮآﻳﻨﺪﻫﺎ و‬
1-‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت ﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ و ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﻫﺎي ﻟﺠﻦ در ﺟﺪول ج‬
.‫در ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺖ )ج( آورده ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ‬
‫ ﺗﺼﻔﻴﻪ و اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﺠﺪد از ﻟﺠﻦ‬،‫ ﺣﻤﻞ‬-7
7. SLUDGE HANDLING, TREATMENT
AND REUSE
‫ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ‬1-7
7.1 General
In selecting the appropriate methods of sludge
processing, reuse, and disposal, special
consideration must be given to the regulations
controlling the disposal of sludge from waste
water treatment plants. The following main
disposal targets shall be investigated :
،‫در اﻧﺘﺨﺎب روش ﻫﺎي ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺮاي ﻓﺮآﻳﻨﺪﻫﺎي ﻟﺠﻦ‬
‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﺠﺪد و دﻓﻊ آﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻘﺮرات ﻛﻨﺘﺮل ﻛﻨﻨﺪه‬
‫ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ وﻳﮋهاي ﻣﺒﺬول‬،‫دﻓﻊ ﻟﺠﻦ از واﺣﺪﻫﺎي ﺗﺼﻔﻴﻪ ﭘﺴﺎب‬
:‫ اﻫﺪاف اﺻﻠﻲ دﻓﻊ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ زﻳﺮ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﺷﻮد‬.‫ﮔﺮدد‬
- Application of sludge to agricultural
and non-agricultural land;
‫زﻣﻴﻦ ﻫﺎي ﻛﺸﺎورزي و‬
- Distribution and marketing;
- Monofilling;
- Surface disposal;
- Incineration
The sludge processing and disposal methods
are listed in Table 1(for more detail refer to
Waste water Engineering Treatment Disposal,
and Ruse). Thickening (concentration),
conditioning, dewatering, and drying are used
primarily to remove moisture from sludge;
digestion, composting, incineration, wet air
oxidation, and vertical tube reactors are used
primarily to treat or stabilize the organic
material in the sludge.
‫ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد ﻟﺠﻦ در‬
.‫ﻏﻴﺮﻛﺸﺎورزي‬
-
‫ﺗﻮزﻳﻊ و ﺑﺎزارﻳﺎﺑﻲ‬
-
.‫ﻳﻚ ﺑﺎر ﭘﺮﻛﻨﻲ‬
-
‫دﻓﻊ ﺳﻄﺤﻲ؛‬
-
‫ﺳﻮزاﻧﺪن‬
-
.‫ آورده ﺷﺪهاﻧﺪ‬1 ‫روﺷﻬﺎي ﻓﺮآورش و دﻓﻊ ﻟﺠﻦ در ﺟﺪول‬
‫ ﺗﺼﻔﻴﻪ و اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬،‫)ﺑﺮاي ﺟﺰﻳﻴﺎت ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﻪ "ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ‬
،(‫ ﺗﻐﻠﻴﻆ )ﻏﻠﻴﻆ ﺳﺎزي‬.(‫ب" ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﮔﺮدد‬Ĥ‫ﻣﺠﺪد ﭘﺴ‬
‫ آﺑﮕﻴﺮي و ﺧﺸﻚ ﻛﺮدن از روﺷﻬﺎي اوﻟﻴﻪ ﺑﺮاي‬، ‫اﺻﻼح‬
،‫ ﻛﻮد ﺳﺎزي‬،‫ ﺗﺨﻤﻴﺮ‬.‫دﻓﻊ رﻃﻮﺑﺖ از ﻟﺠﻦ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬
‫ راﻛﺘﻮرﻫﺎي ﻟﻮﻟﻪ‬،‫ اﻛﺴﻴﺪاﺳﻴﻮن ﺑﺎ ﻫﻮاي ﻣﺮﻃﻮب‬،‫ﺳﻮزاﻧﺪن‬
‫ﻋﻤﻮدي اﺻﻮﻻً ﺑﺮاي ﺗﺼﻔﻴﻪ ﻳﺎ ﺗﺜﺒﻴﺖ ﻣﻮاد آﻟﻲ ﻣﻮﺟﻮد در‬
.‫ﻟﺠﻦ ﻫﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد‬
12
Feb. 2010/ 1388 ‫ﺑﻬﻤﻦ‬
IPS-E-PR-735(1)
‫ ﺗﻠﻤﺒﻪ ﻛﺮدن ﻟﺠﻦ و ﺗﻔﺎﻟﻪ روي ﺳﻄﺢ‬2-7
7.2 Sludge and Scum Pumping
Sludge produced in waste water treatment
plants must be conveyed from one plant point
to another in conditions ranging from a watery
sludge or scum to a thick sludge.
‫ﻟﺠﻦ ﻫﺎي ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺷﺪه در واﺣﺪﻫﺎي ﺗﺼﻔﻴﻪ ﭘﺴﺎب ﺑﺎﻳﺪ از‬
‫ﻣﺤﻞ ﻛﺎرﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺤﻞ دﻳﮕﺮي ﺑﺎ داﻣﻨﻪ ﻣﺘﻐﻴﻴﺮي از ﺣﺎﻟﺖ‬
.‫آﺑﻜﻲ ﺑﻮدن ﻳﺎ ﻛﻒ ﺗﺎ ﻟﺠﻦ ﻏﻠﻴﻆ ﻣﻨﺘﻘﻞ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
For each type of sludge and pumping
application, a different type of pump may be
needed. The application and selection of the
various types of sludge pumps are summarized
below
‫ﺑﺮاي اﻧﺘﻘﺎل ﻫﺮ ﻧﻮع ﻟﺠﻦ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺖ ﻳﻚ ﻧﻮع ﺗﻠﻤﺒﻪ ﻻزم‬
‫ ﻛﺎرﺑﺮدﻫﺎ و اﻧﺘﺨﺎب اﻧﻮاع ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺗﻠﻤﺒﻪﻫﺎ ﺑﺮاي ﻟﺠﻦ‬.‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
:‫ﻫﺎ در زﻳﺮ آورده ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ‬
TABLE 1 - SLUDGE-PROCESSING AND DISPOSAL METHODS
‫ روش ﻫﺎي ﻓﺮآورش و دﻓﻊ ﻟﺠﻦ‬-1 ‫ﺟﺪول‬
UNIT OPERATION, UNIT PROCESS,
OR TREATMENT METHOD
FUNCTION
‫ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮد‬
‫ واﺣﺪ ﻓﺮآﻳﻨﺪي ﻳﺎ روش ﺗﺼﻔﻴﻪ‬،‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت واﺣﺪ‬
Pumping
Transport of sludge and liquid biosolids
‫ﺗﻠﻤﺒﻪ ﻛﺮدن‬
Preliminary operations
Grinding operations
Screening operations
Degritting operations
Blending operations
Storage operations
‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺎﺗﻲ‬
‫آﺳﻴﺎب ﻛﺮدن‬
(‫ﻏﺮﺑﺎل ﻛﺮدن )اﻟﻚ ﻛﺮدن‬
‫ﺷﻦ زدن‬
‫ﻣﺨﻠﻮط ﻛﺮدن‬
‫ذﺧﻴﺮه ﺳﺎزي‬
Thickening operations
Gravity thickening
Flotation thickening
Centrifugation
Gravity belt thickening
Rotary drum thickening
‫ﺣﻤﻞ و ﻧﻘﻞ ﻟﺠﻦ و ﻣﺎﻳﻌﺎت ﺑﻴﻮﺟﺎﻣﺪي‬
Particle Size reduction
Removal of fibrous materials
Grit removal
Homogenization of solids stream
Flow equalization
‫ﻛﺎﻫﺶ اﻧﺪازه ذرات‬
‫دﻓﻊ ﻣﻮاد اﻟﻴﺎﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺣﺬف ﺷﻦ‬
‫ﻳﻜﻨﻮاﺧﺖ ﺳﺎزي ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﺟﺎﻣﺪات‬
‫ﻧﻮﺳﺎن ﮔﻴﺮ ﺟﺮﻳﺎن‬
‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت ﺗﻐﻠﻴﻆ‬
Volume reduction
‫ﺗﻐﻠﻴﻆ ﺛﻘﻠﻲ‬
‫ﺗﻐﻠﻴﻆ ﺑﺎ ﺷﻨﺎورﺳﺎزي‬
‫ﮔﺮﻳﺰ از ﻣﺮﻛﺰ‬
‫ﺗﻐﻠﻴﻆ ﺗﺴﻤﻪ ﺛﻘﻠﻲ‬
‫ﻏﻠﻴﻆ ﺳﺎزي ﺑﺎ ﻇﺮف دوار‬
Stabilization
alkaline stabilization
Anaerobic digestion
Aerobic digestion
Composting
Conditioning
Chemical conditioning
Other conditioning methods
Volume reduction
Volume reduction
Volume reduction
Volume reduction
‫ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺣﺠﻢ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺣﺠﻢ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺣﺠﻢ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺣﺠﻢ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺣﺠﻢ‬
‫ﺗﺜﺒﻴﺖ‬
Stabilization
‫ﺗﺜﺒﻴﺖ ﻗﻠﻴﺎﻳﻲ‬
‫ﺗﺨﻤﻴﺮ ﺑﻲ ﻫﻮازي‬
‫ﺗﺨﻤﻴﺮ ﻫﻮازي‬
‫ﻛﻮد ﺳﺎزي‬
Stabilization, mass reduction
Stabilization, mass reduction
Stabilization, product recovery
(‫اﺻﻼح )ﺣﺎﻟﺖ دﻫﻲ‬
‫اﺻﻼح ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ‬
‫روﺷﻬﺎي دﻳﮕﺮ اﺻﻼح‬
Improve dewaterability
Improve dewaterability
13
‫ﺗﺜﺒﻴﺖ‬
‫ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺟﺮم‬، ‫ﺗﺜﺒﻴﺖ‬
‫ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺟﺮم‬، ‫ﺗﺜﺒﻴﺖ‬
‫ ﺑﺎزﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻣﺤﺼﻮل‬، ‫ﺗﺜﺒﻴﺖ‬
‫ﺑﻬﺒﻮد ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ آﺑﮕﻴﺮي‬
‫ﺑﻬﺒﻮد ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ آﺑﮕﻴﺮي‬
Feb. 2010/ 1388 ‫ﺑﻬﻤﻦ‬
UNIT OPERATION, UNIT PROCESS,
OR TREATMENT METHOD
IPS-E-PR-735(1)
FUNCTION
‫ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮد‬
‫ واﺣﺪ ﻓﺮآﻳﻨﺪي ﻳﺎ روش ﺗﺼﻔﻴﻪ‬،‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت واﺣﺪ‬
Dewatering
‫آﺑﮕﻴﺮي‬
‫ﮔﺮﻳﺰ از ﻣﺮﻛﺰ‬
Centrifuge
‫ﻓﻴﻠﺘﺮ ﻓﺸﺎري ﺗﺴﻤﻪ اي‬
Belt-filter press
‫ﻓﻴﻠﺘﺮ ﻓﺸﺎري‬
Filter press
Sludge drying beds ‫ﺑﺴﺘﺮﻫﺎي ﺧﺸﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﻟﺠﻦ‬
Reed beds
Reed ‫ﺑﺴﺘﺮ‬
(‫ﺣﻮﺿﭽﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺳﻄﺤﻲ )ﺗﺎﻻب ﻫﺎ‬
Lagoons
Heat Drying
Direct dryers
Indirect dryers
‫ﺧﺸﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ‬
‫ﺧﺸﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﻫﺎي ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ‬
‫ﺧﺸﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﻫﺎي ﻏﻴﺮﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ‬
Incineration:
Multiple-hearth incineration
‫ﺳﻮزاﻧﺪن‬
‫ﺳﻮزاﻧﺪن ﭼﻨﺪ ﻣﺮﻛﺰي‬
Fluidized-bed incieneration
Volume reduction
Volume reduction
Volume reduction
Volume reduction
Storage, volume reduction
Storage, volume reduction
Weight and volume reduction
Weight and volume reduction
‫ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺣﺠﻢ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺣﺠﻢ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺣﺠﻢ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺣﺠﻢ‬
‫ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺣﺠﻢ‬، ‫ذﺧﻴﺮه ﺳﺎزي‬
‫ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺣﺠﻢ‬، ‫ذﺧﻴﺮه ﺳﺎزي‬
‫ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺣﺠﻢ و وزن‬
‫ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺣﺠﻢ و وزن‬
Volume reduction, resource recovery ‫ ﺑﺎزﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ‬،‫ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺣﺠﻢ‬
Volume reduction
‫ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺣﺠﻢ‬
Volume reduction
‫ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺣﺠﻢ‬
‫ﺳﻮزاﻧﺪن در ﺑﺴﺘﺮ ﺳﻴﺎﻟﻲ‬
Coincineration with solid wastes
‫ﺳﻮزاﻧﺪن ﻫﻤﺮاه ﺑﺎ ﺿﺎﻳﻌﺎت ﺟﺎﻣﺪ‬
Application of biosolids to land:
‫ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد ﺑﻴﻮﺟﺎﻣﺪﻫﺎدرﺧﺸﻜﻲ‬
Land application
‫ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد زﻣﻴﻦ‬
Dedicated land disposal ‫دﻓﻊ در زﻣﻴﻦ اﺧﺘﺼﺎﺻﻲ‬
‫دﻓﻦ‬
Landfilling
Conveyance and storage
Beneficial use, disposal
Disposal, land reclamation
Disposal
Solid transport and storage
‫اﻧﺘﻘﺎل و ذﺧﻴﺮه ﺳﺎزي‬
7.2.1.1 Plunger pumps
‫ ﺗﻠﻤﺒﻪﻫﺎي ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻧﻲ ﺷﻨﺎور‬1-1-2-7
‫ اﮔﺮ ﺑﻪ اﻧﺪازه ﻛﺎﻓﻲ ﺑﺮاي ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد ﻗﻮي‬،‫ﺗﻠﻤﺒﻪﻫﺎي ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻧﻲ ﺷﻨﺎور‬
‫ اﻛﺜﺮا ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻗﺮار ﻣﻴﮕﻴﺮﻧﺪ و اﺛﺒﺎت ﺷﺪه ﻛﻪ ﻛﺎﻣﻼ‬،‫ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬
‫ ﻣﺰاﻳﺎي اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﺗﻠﻤﺒﻪﻫﺎ ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻧﻲ‬.‫رﺿﺎﻳﺖ ﺑﺨﺶ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬
:‫در زﻳﺮ آورده ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ‬
Plunger pumps have been used frequently and,
if rugged enough for the service, have proved
to be quite satisfactory. The advantages of
plunger pumps are as follows:
b)
‫ﺣﻤﻞ وﻧﻘﻞ و ذﺧﻴﺮه ﺳﺎزي ﺟﺎﻣﺪات‬
‫ اﻧﻮاع و اﻧﺘﺨﺎب‬1-2-7
7.2.1 Types and selection
a)
‫ دﻓﻊ‬،‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺳﻮدﻣﻨﺪ‬
‫ اﺣﻴﺎء ارﺿﻲ‬،‫دﻓﻊ‬
‫دﻓﻊ‬
Pulsating action of simplex and
duplex pumps tends to concentrate
the sludge in the hoppers ahead of the
pumps and resuspend solids in
pipelines when pumping at low
velocities.
‫اﻟﻒ( ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮد ﺿﺮﺑﺎﻧﻲ ﺗﻠﻤﺒﻪﻫﺎي ﻳﻜﻄﺮﻓﻪ و دو ﻃﺮﻓﻪ‬
‫ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ اﻧﺒﺎﺷﺖ ﻟﺠﻦ ﻫﺎ در ﻗﻴﻒ ورودي‬
‫ﺗﻠﻤﺒﻪﻫﺎ ﺷﺪه و در ﻫﻨﮕﺎم ﺗﻠﻤﺒﻪ زﻧﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ‬
‫ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻖ ﻣﺠﺪد ﺟﺎﻣﺪات در‬
.‫ﺧﻄﻮط ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
They are suitable for suction lifts up
to 3 m and are self priming.
‫ ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﻮده و ﺧﻮد‬3 ‫ب( ﺑﺮاي ارﺗﻔﺎع ﻣﻜﺶ ﺗﺎ‬
.‫ﻫﻮاﮔﻴﺮ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‬
14
Feb. 2010/ 1388 ‫ﺑﻬﻤﻦ‬
IPS-E-PR-735(1)
Low pumping rates can be used with
large port openings.
‫ج( ﻣﻘﺎدﻳﺮ ﻛﻢ ﺗﻠﻤﺒﻪ ﻛﺮدن ﺑﺎ درﻳﭽﻪ ﺑﺎز ﺑﺰرگ‬
Positive delivery is provided, unless
some object prevents the ball check
valves from seating.
‫ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺰ ﻣﻮاردﻳﻜﻪ‬،‫د( اﻧﺘﻘﺎل ﻣﺜﺒﺖ ﺻﻮرت ﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮد‬
They have constant but adjustable
capacity,
regardless
of
large
variations in pumping head.
‫ﻫ( ﺻﺮﻓﻨﻈﺮ از ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮات ﮔﺴﺘﺮده در ارﺗﻔﺎع ﺗﻠﻤﺒﻪ‬
f)
High discharge
provided.
be
.‫و( ﻣﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺖ در ﺧﺮوﺟﻲ ارﺗﻔﺎع ﺑﺎﻻ داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬
g)
Heavy solids concentrations may be
pumped if the equipment is designed
for the load conditions.
‫ز( ﺟﺎﻣﺪات ﺑﺎ ﻏﻠﻈﺘﻬﺎي ﺑﺎﻻي ﻣﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺖ ﺗﻠﻤﺒﻪ‬
c)
d)
e)
heads
may
.‫ﻣﻲﺗﻮاﻧﺪ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﻮد‬
‫ﻳﻚ ﻣﺎﻧﻊ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮي از ﻧﺸﺴﺘﻦ ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎي‬
.‫ﻳﻜﻄﺮﻓﻪ ﺗﻮﭘﻲ ﺷﻮد‬
‫ داراي ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ وﻟﻲ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ‬،‫ﻛﺮدن‬
.‫ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‬
‫ﺷﻮﻧﺪ اﮔﺮ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات ﺑﺮاي اﻳﻦ ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ‬
.‫ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬
The range of plunger pumps capacities are
from 2.5 to 3.8 L/s per plunger and they are
supplied with one, two, or three plungers
(called simplex, duplex, or triplex units).
3/8 ‫ ﺗﺎ‬2/5 ‫داﻣﻨﻪ ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﺗﻠﻤﺒﻪﻫﺎي ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻧﻲ در ﺣﺪود‬
2 ،‫ﻟﻴﺘﺮ ﺑﺮ ﺛﺎﻧﻴﻪ در ﻫﺮ رﻓﺖ ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮن ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﺪ و آﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺎ ﻳﻚ‬
،‫ ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮن ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﻧﺪ)ﺑﻪ آﻧﻬﺎ واﺣﺪﻫﺎي ﻳﻚ ﺧﻄﻪ‬3 ‫ﻳﺎ‬
.(‫دو ﺧﻄﻪ و ﺳﻪ ﺧﻄﻪ ﮔﻔﺘﻪ ﻣﻴﺸﻮد‬
Pump speeds should be between 40 and 50
r/min (rpm). The pumps should be designed for
a minimum head of 24 m in small plants and
35 m or more in large plants because of
accumulations of grease in sludge lines cause a
progressive increase in head with use.
.‫ دور در دﻗﻴﻘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬50 ‫ ﺗﺎ‬40 ‫ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺗﻠﻤﺒﻪﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻴﻦ‬
‫ ﻣﺘﺮ ﺑﺮاي‬24 ‫ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد ﭘﻤﭙﻬﺎ ﺑﺮاي ارﺗﻔﺎع ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ‬
‫ ﻣﺘﺮ ﻳﺎ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﺮاي واﺣﺪﻫﺎي ﻫﺎي‬35 ‫واﺣﺪ ﻫﺎي ﻛﻮﭼﻚ و‬
‫ ﺑﻪ دﻟﻴﻞ ﺗﺠﻤﻊ روﻏﻦ در ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻟﺠﻦ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ‬،‫ﺑﺰرﮔﺘﺮ‬
.‫ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬،‫اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﺗﺼﺎﻋﺪي ارﺗﻔﺎع ﻣﻴﺸﻮد‬
‫ ﺗﻠﻤﺒﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺣﻔﺮه اي ﭘﻴﺸﺮوﻧﺪه‬2-1-2-7
7.2.1.2 Progressive cavity pumps
The progressive cavity pumps are normally
used for all types of sludges. The pump is selfpriming at suction lifts up to 8.5 m, but it must
not be operated dry because it will burn out the
rubber stator. It is available in capacities up to
75 L/s and may be operated at discharge heads
of 137 m on sludge. For primary sludges, a
grinder normally precedes these pumps. The
pumps are expensive to maintain because of
wear on the rotors and the stators, particularly
in primary sludge-pumping applications where
grit is present. Advantages of these pumps are:
‫ﺗﻠﻤﺒﻪﻫﺎي ﺣﻔﺮه اي ﭘﻴﺸﺮوﻧﺪه ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻً ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻤﺎﻣﻲ اﻧﻮاع‬
‫ ﺗﻠﻤﺒﻪﻫﺎ ﺗﺎ ارﺗﻔﺎع‬.‫ﻟﺠﻦﻫﺎ ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻗﺮار ﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ‬
‫ ﻣﺘﺮ ﺧﻮد ﻫﻮاﮔﻴﺮ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ وﻟﻲ ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ ﺧﺸﻚ ﻛﺎر ﻛﻨﺪ‬8/5
.‫ﭼﻮن ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺳﻮﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪن ﻻﺳﺘﻴﻚ اﺳﺘﺎﺗﻮر آﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد‬
‫ ﻟﻴﺘﺮ در ﺛﺎﻧﻴﻪ در دﺳﺘﺮس ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ و ﻣﻤﻜﻦ‬75 ‫ﺗﺎ ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ‬
‫ ﺑﺮاي ﻟﺠﻦ ﻫﺎي‬.‫ ﻣﺘﺮ ﺑﺮﺳﺪ‬137 ‫اﺳﺖ ارﺗﻔﺎع ﺧﺮوﺟﻲ آن ﺗﺎ‬
‫ ﻧﮕﻬﺪاري‬.‫اوﻟﻴﻪ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﺎ ﻗﺒﻞ از ﺗﻠﻤﺒﻪ ﻳﻚ آﺳﻴﺎب ﻻزم اﺳﺖ‬
‫اﻳﻦ ﺗﻠﻤﺒﻪﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺧﺎﻃﺮ ﺳﺎﻳﺶ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻫﺎي ﮔﺮدﻧﺪه و‬
‫اﺳﺘﺎﺗﻮر ﭘﺮ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ اﺳﺖ ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺻﺎً در ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺗﻠﻤﺒﻪ ﻛﺮدن‬
‫ ﻣﺰاﻳﺎي اﻳﻦ ﺗﻠﻤﺒﻪﻫﺎ‬.‫ﻟﺠﻦ اوﻟﻴﻪ ﻛﻪ داراي ﺷﻦ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
:‫ﻋﺒﺎرﺗﻨﺪ از‬
a) Easily controlled flow rates;
‫اﻟﻒ( ﻛﻨﺘﺮل آﺳﺎن ﻣﻴﺰان ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ؛‬
b) Minimum pulsation; and,
‫ب ( ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﻣﻘﺪار ﺿﺮﺑﺎن ؛و‬
15
‫)‪IPS-E-PR-735(1‬‬
‫ﺑﻬﻤﻦ ‪Feb. 2010/ 1388‬‬
‫‪c) Relatively simple operation.‬‬
‫ج ( ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت ﻧﺴﺒﺘﺎً ﺳﺎده‪.‬‬
‫‪ 3-1-2-7‬ﺗﻠﻤﺒﻪﻫﺎي ﮔﺮﻳﺰ از ﻣﺮﻛﺰ‬
‫‪7.2.1.3 Centrifugal pumps‬‬
‫اﻏﻠﺐ از ﺗﻠﻤﺒﻪﻫﺎي ﮔﺮﻳﺰ از ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺑﺎ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺑﺪون ﮔﺮﻓﺘﮕﻲ‬
‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‪ .‬ﺗﻠﻤﺒﻪ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺷﺪه ﺣﺘﻤﺎً ﺑﺎﻳﺪ داراي‬
‫ﻓﻀﺎي ﺑﺎز ﻛﺎﻓﻲ ﺑﺮاي ﻋﺒﻮر ﺟﺎﻣﺪات ﺑﺪون ﻫﻴﭻ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﮕﻲ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ و ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ آن ﺑﻪ اﻧﺪازه اي ﻛﻢ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺗﺎ از ﺗﻠﻤﺒﻪ‬
‫ﻛﺮدن ﻟﺠﻦ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ وﺳﻴﻠﻪ اﺣﺠﺎم زﻳﺎد ﭘﺴﺎب رﻗﻴﻖ ﺷﺪه اﻧﺪ‬
‫و روي ﺳﻄﺢ ﻟﺠﻦ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮي ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﻛﺎﻫﺶ‬
‫ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﺑﻪ وﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻓﺸﺎر ﺧﺮوﺟﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﺖ ﺗﻮﻗﻔﻬﺎي‬
‫ﻣﺪاوم ﻋﻤﻠﻲ اﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻛﺎﻓﻲ داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﺗﺎ از ﺗﻠﻤﺒﻪ ﻛﺮدن‬
‫ﻟﺠﻦ رﻗﻴﻖ ﺷﺪه ﺑﻮﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﻣﻘﺪار زﻳﺎد ﭘﺴﺎب ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ روي‬
‫ﺳﻄﺢ ﻟﺠﻦ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮي ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺴﺘﻦ‬
‫ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﺧﺮوﺟﻲ ﺑﻌﻠﺖ ﺗﻮﻗﻒﻫﺎي ﻣﺪاوم ﻏﻴﺮﻋﻤﻠﻲ اﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﭘﺲ ﺿﺮوري اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ اﻳﻦ ﺗﻠﻤﺒﻪﻫﺎ ﻣﺠﻬﺰ ﺑﻪ ﮔﺮداﻧﻨﺪه ﺑﺎ‬
‫ﺳﺮﻋﺘﻬﺎي ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻠﻤﺒﻪ ﻛﺮدن ﻟﺠﻦ اوﻟﻴﻪ در‬
‫واﺣﺪ ﻫﺎي ﺑﺰرگ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد از ﺗﻠﻤﺒﻪﻫﺎي ﮔﺮﻳﺰ از‬
‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺑﺎ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ وﻳﮋهاي در ﮔﺸﺘﺎور ﺟﺮﻳﺎن‪ ،‬ﺧﻮراك‬
‫ﭘﻴﭽﺸﻲ و ﺑﺪون ﭘﺮه اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺗﻠﻤﺒﻪﻫﺎي ﻣﺎرﭘﻴﭽﻲ و‬
‫ﺑﺪون ﭘﺮه ﺑﻪ ﺧﺎﻃﺮ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﻮﻓﻖ از ﺗﻠﻤﺒﻪﻫﺎي ﮔﺸﺘﺎور‪-‬‬
‫ﺟﺮﻳﺎن‪ ،‬در ﻛﺎرﺑﺮدﻫﺎي اﺧﻴﺮ زﻳﺎد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻧﻤﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪Centrifugal pumps of non-clog design are‬‬
‫‪commonly used. The selected pumps must‬‬
‫‪have sufficient clearance to pass the solids‬‬
‫‪without clogging and have a small enough‬‬
‫‪capacity to avoid pumping a sludge diluted by‬‬
‫‪large quantities of waste water overlying the‬‬
‫‪sludge blanket. Throttling the discharge to‬‬
‫‪reduce the capacity is impractical because of‬‬
‫‪frequent stoppages; hence, it is absolutely‬‬
‫‪essential that these pumps be equipped with‬‬
‫‪variable-speed drivers. For pumping primary‬‬
‫‪sludge in large plants, centrifugal pumps of‬‬
‫‪special design-torque flow, screw feed and‬‬
‫‪bladeless should be used. Screw feed and‬‬
‫‪bladeless pumps have not be used very much‬‬
‫‪in recent applications because of the successful‬‬
‫‪use of torque-flow pumps.‬‬
‫ﺗﻠﻤﺒﻪﻫﺎي ﮔﺸﺘﺎور‪-‬ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﻛﻪ در اﻧﺘﻘﺎل ﻟﺠﻦ ﺑﺴﻴﺎر ﻣﻮﺛﺮ‬
‫ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ داراي ﭘﺮواﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻛﺎﻣﻼ ﭘﺲ ﻧﺸﺴﺘﻪ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫اﻧﺪازه ذرات ﻗﺎﺑﻞ اﻧﺘﻘﺎل ﻓﻘﻂ ﺑﻪ ﻗﻄﺮ دﻫﺎﻧﻪ ورودي و‬
‫ﺧﺮوﺟﻲ ﻣﺤﺪود ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺗﻠﻤﺒﻪﻫﺎي ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده در‬
‫ﻛﺎرﺑﺮي ﻟﺠﻦ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ داراي ﭘﺮواﻧﻪ و ﭘﻴﭽﻚ از ﺟﻨﺲ ﻧﻴﻜﻞ ﻳﺎ‬
‫ﻛﺮوم ﻛﻪ ﻣﻘﺎوم در ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﺳﺎﻳﺶ اﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺗﻠﻤﺒﻪﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻣﻴﺘﻮاﻧﻨﺪ در ﮔﺴﺘﺮه ﻣﺤﺪودي از ارﺗﻔﺎع در ﻳﻚ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ‬
‫ﻣﻌﻴﻦ ﻛﺎر ﻛﻨﻨﺪ ﻟﺬا ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺗﻲ ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ دﻗﺖ‬
‫ارزﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﺷﻮد‪ .‬ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد ﻛﻨﺘﺮل ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮ زﻣﺎﻧﻲ‬
‫ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻗﺮار ﮔﻴﺮد ﻛﻪ ﺗﻠﻤﺒﻪ ﻫﺎ در ﻣﺤﺪوده‬
‫ﮔﺴﺘﺮدهاي از ارﺗﻔﺎع ﻛﺎر ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪ .‬در ﻛﺎرﺑﺮي ﻫﺎي ﻓﺸﺎر ﺑﺎﻻ‬
‫ﻣﻴﺘﻮان از ﭼﻨﺪﻳﻦ ﺗﻠﻤﺒﻪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﺳﺮي ﺑﻪ ﻳﻜﺪﻳﮕﺮ‬
‫ﻣﺘﺼﻞ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻧﻤﻮد‪ .‬ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺎزﮔﺮداﻧﺪن ﻟﺠﻦ ﻓﻌﺎل‬
‫ﺷﺪه ﺑﻪ داﺧﻞ ﺗﺎﻧﻜﻬﺎي ﻫﻮادﻫﻲ‪ ،‬ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻً از ﺗﻠﻤﺒﻪﻫﺎي ﮔﺮﻳﺰ‬
‫از ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻛﻢ و ﺗﻠﻤﺒﻪﻫﺎي اﺧﺘﻼط ﺟﺮﻳﺎن و‬
‫ﺗﻠﻤﺒﻪﻫﺎي ﭘﻴﭽﺸﻲ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد‪.‬‬
‫‪Torque-flow pumps have fully recessed‬‬
‫‪impellers and are very effective in conveying‬‬
‫‪sludge. The size of particles that can be‬‬
‫‪handled is limited only by the diameter of the‬‬
‫‪suction or discharge openings. Pumps used in‬‬
‫‪sludge service should have nickel or chrome‬‬
‫‪abrasion resistant volute and impellers. The‬‬
‫‪pumps can operate only over a narrow head‬‬
‫‪range at a given speed, so the system operating‬‬
‫‪conditions must be evaluated carefully.‬‬
‫‪Variable speed control should be used where‬‬
‫‪the pumps are expected to operate over a wide‬‬
‫‪range of head conditions. For high pressure‬‬
‫‪applications, multiple pumps may be used and‬‬
‫‪connected together in series. For returning‬‬
‫‪activated sludge to the aeration tanks, slow‬‬
‫‪speed centrifugal, mixed flow pumps and‬‬
‫‪screw pumps are commonly used.‬‬
‫‪ 4-1-2-7‬ﺗﻠﻤﺒﻪﻫﺎي دﻳﺎﻓﺮاﮔﻤﻲ‬
‫‪7.2.1.4 Diaphragm pumps‬‬
‫‪Diaphragm pumps are relatively low capacity‬‬
‫ﺗﻠﻤﺒﻪﻫﺎي دﻳﺎﻓﺮاﮔﻤﻲ داراي ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖﻫﺎي ﻧﺴﺒﺘﺎ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ و‬
‫‪16‬‬
Feb. 2010/ 1388 ‫ﺑﻬﻤﻦ‬
and low head
IPS-E-PR-735(1)
.‫ارﺗﻔﺎع ﺧﺮوﺟﻲ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬
‫ ﺗﻠﻤﺒﻪﻫﺎي ﻓﺸﺎر ﺑﺎﻻي ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻧﻲ‬5-1-2-7
7.2.1.5 High pressure piston pumps
High pressure piston pumps are used in high
pressure applications such as pumping sludge
long distances and are very expensive. Several
types of piston pumps have been developed for
high pressure applications and are similar in
action to plunger pumps. Advantages of these
types of pumps are:
‫ﺗﻠﻤﺒﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻓﺸﺎر ﺑﺎﻻي ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻧﻲ در ﻛﺎرﺑﺮي ﻫﺎي ﻓﺸﺎر ﺑﺎﻻ‬
‫ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺗﻠﻤﺒﻪ ﻛﺮدن ﻟﺠﻦ در ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺖ ﻫﺎي ﻃﻮﻻﻧﻲ ﻣﻮرد‬
‫ ﺗﺎﻛﻨﻮن‬.‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ و ﺑﺴﻴﺎر ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﺑﺮ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‬
‫اﻧﻮاع ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﻲ از ﺗﻠﻤﺒﻪﻫﺎي ﻓﺸﺎر ﺑﺎﻻي ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻧﻲ ﺑﺮاي‬
‫ﻛﺎرﺑﺮي در ﻓﺸﺎر ﺑﺎﻻ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺷﺪه اﻧﺪ و ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮد آﻧﻬﺎ ﺷﺒﻴﻪ‬
‫ ﻣﺰاﻳﺎي اﻳﻦ ﻧﻮع از ﺗﻠﻤﺒﻪﻫﺎ‬.‫ﺗﻠﻤﺒﻪﻫﺎي ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮن ﺷﻨﺎور اﺳﺖ‬
:‫ﻋﺒﺎرﺗﻨﺪ از‬
a) They can pump relatively small
flowrates at high pressures, up to
13800 kPa (ga),
ً‫اﻟﻒ( اﻳﻦ ﺗﻠﻤﺒﻪﻫﺎ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﻣﻴﺰان ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﻫﺎي ﻧﺴﺒﺘﺎ‬
‫ ﻛﻴﻠﻮ‬13800 ‫ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ را در ﻓﺸﺎرﻫﺎي ﺑﺎﻻ ﺗﺎ‬
.‫ﭘﺎﺳﻜﺎل )ﻧﺴﺒﻲ( ﺗﻠﻤﺒﻪ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‬
b) Large solids up to the discharge pipe
diameter can be passed,
‫ب( ﺟﺎﻣﺪات ﺑﺰرگ ﺗﺎ اﻧﺪازه ﻗﻄﺮ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺧﺮوﺟﻲ‬
A range of solids concentrations can
be handled, and,
‫ج( داﻣﻨﻪ اي از ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﻫﺎي ﺟﺎﻣﺪات ﻗﺎﺑﻞ اﻧﺘﻘﺎل‬
d) The pumping can be accomplished in
a single stage.
‫د( ﺗﻠﻤﺒﻪ ﻛﺮدن در ﻳﻚ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ اﻧﺠﺎم اﺳﺖ‬
c)
.‫ﻣﻲﺗﻮاﻧﻨﺪ ﻋﺒﻮر ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‬
‫و‬،‫ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ﭘﺮه ﻟﺒﻪ اي‬-‫ ﺗﻠﻤﺒﻪﻫﺎي دوار‬6-1-2-7
7.2.1.6 Rotary-lobe pumps
Rotary-lobe pumps are positive displacement
pumps in which two rotating, synchronous
lobes push the fluid through the pump.
Rotational speed and shearing stresses are low.
For sludge pumping, lobe shall be made of
hard metal or hard rubber. The advantage is
that lobe replacement is less costly than rotor
and stator replacement for progressive cavity
pumps. Rotary-lobe pumps, like other positive
displacement pumps, must be protected against
pipeline obstructions.
‫ﺗﻠﻤﺒﻪﻫﺎي دوار ﭘﺮه ﻟﺒﻪ اي ﺗﻠﻤﺒﻪﻫﺎي ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﺜﺒﺖ‬
‫ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ دو ﭘﺮه ﻟﺒﻪ اي دوار ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﻫﻤﺎﻫﻨﮓ ﺳﻴﺎل را‬
‫ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ دوراﻧﻲ و ﺗﻨﺶ ﻫﺎي‬.‫در ﺗﻠﻤﺒﻪ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﻣﻲ دﻫﻨﺪ‬
‫ ﭘﺮه ﻟﺒﻪ اي ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬،‫ ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻠﻤﺒﻪ ﻛﺮدن ﻟﺠﻦ‬.‫ﺑﺮﺷﻲ ﻛﻢ اﺳﺖ‬
،‫ ﻣﺰﻳﺖ آن‬.‫از ﻓﻠﺰ ﺳﺨﺖ ﻳﺎ ﭘﻼﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﺳﺨﺖ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﻮد‬
‫ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺗﻌﻮﻳﺾ ﭘﺮه ﻟﺒﻪ اي در ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻌﻮﻳﺾ‬
.‫ﮔﺮدﻧﺪه و اﺳﺘﺎﺗﻮر ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻠﻤﺒﻪﻫﺎي ﺣﻔﺮه ﭘﻴﺸﺮو ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫در ﺗﻠﻤﺒﻪﻫﺎي دوراﻧﻲ ﭘﺮه ﻟﺒﻪ اي ﻣﺜﻞ ﺑﻘﻴﻪ ﺗﻠﻤﺒﻪﻫﺎي‬
.‫ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﺜﺒﺖ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ از اﻧﺴﺪاد ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺷﻮد‬
7.2.2 Application of pumps to types of
sludge
‫ ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد ﺗﻠﻤﺒﻪﻫﺎ در اﻧﻮاع ﻟﺠﻦ ﻫﺎ‬2-2-7
Types of sludge that are pumped include
primary, chemical, and trickling-filter sludges
and activated, thickened, and digested sludges.
Scum that accumulates at various points at a
treatment plant must also be pumped. The
application of pumps to types of sludge is
summarized in Table 2 (for more detail refer to
Waste water Engineering Treatment Disposal,
and Ruse).
،‫اﻧﻮاﻋﻲ ﻟﺠﻦﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻠﻤﺒﻪ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﻧﺪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻟﺠﻦ ﻫﺎي اوﻟﻴﻪ‬
‫ ﻓﻴﻠﺘﺮ ﭼﻜﻨﺪه و ﻓﻌﺎل ﺷﺪه و ﺗﻐﻠﻴﻆ ﺷﺪه و‬،‫ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ‬
‫ ﺗﻤﺎم ﺗﻔﺎﻟﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺟﻤﻊ ﺷﺪه‬.‫ﻟﺠﻦﻫﺎي ﺗﺨﻤﻴﺮ ﺷﺪه ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬
.‫در ﻣﺮاﺣﻞ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻳﻚ واﺣﺪ ﺗﺼﻔﻴﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﻠﻤﺒﻪ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
-‫ ﺟﻤﻊ‬2 ‫ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد ﺗﻠﻤﺒﻪﻫﺎ در ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ اﻧﻮاع ﻟﺠﻦﻫﺎ در ﺟﺪول‬
،‫ )ﺑﺮاي ﺟﺰﻳﻴﺎت ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﻪ "ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ‬.‫آوري ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ‬
.(‫ﺗﺼﻔﻴﻪ و اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﺠﺪد ﭘﺴﺎب " ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﮔﺮدد‬
17
Feb. 2010/ 1388 ‫ﺑﻬﻤﻦ‬
IPS-E-PR-735(1)
TABLE 2 - APPLICATION OF PUMPS TO TYPES OF SLUDGE
‫ ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد ﺗﻠﻤﺒﻪﻫﺎ در اﻧﻮاع ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻟﺠﻦ ﻫﺎ‬-2 ‫ﺟﺪول‬
TYPE OF SLUDGE
OR
APPLICABLE PUMP
COMMENT
SOLIDS
‫ﺗﻠﻤﺒﻪ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد‬
‫ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ‬
‫ﻧﻮع ﻟﺠﻦ ﻳﺎ ﺟﺎﻣﺪات‬
Pumping screenings
avoided
Ground screenings
‫ﻧﺨﺎﻟﻪ ﺳﻨﮕﻲ‬
Grit
should be
‫ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﮔﺮﻳﺰ از ﻣﺮﻛﺰ‬-‫ﮔﺸﺘﺎور‬
Plunger; progressive cavity;
diaphragm; centrifugal
Scum
‫ﺗﻔﺎﻟﻪ روي ﺳﻄﺤﻲ‬
– ‫ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮن ﺷﻨﺎور – ﺣﻔﺮه اي ﭘﻴﺸﺮوﻧﺪه‬
‫ ﮔﺮﻳﺰ از ﻣﺮﻛﺰ‬،‫دﻳﺎﻓﺮاﮔﻤﻲ‬
Plunger; centrifugal; torque-flow
diaphragm; progressive cavity;
rotary-lobe; copper; hose
Primary sludge
‫ﻟﺠﻦ اوﻟﻴﻪ‬
.‫ﺑﺨﺎري ﻣﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺖ ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻗﺮار ﮔﻴﺮد‬/‫ﻣﻜﻨﺪهﻫﺎي ﻫﻮاﻳﻲ‬
‫از ﺗﻠﻤﺒﻪ ﻛﺮدن ﻧﺨﺎﻟﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮي‬
‫ﺷﻮد‬
Torque-flow centrifugal
‫ﺷﻦ‬
Pneumatic/steam ejectors may be used.
– ‫ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮن ﺷﻨﺎور – ﮔﺮﻳﺰ از ﻣﺮﻛﺰ‬
‫ﮔﺸﺘﺎور ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻧﻲ دﻳﺎﻓﺮاﮔﻤﻲ – ﺣﻔﺮه اي‬
،‫ﭘﻴﺸﺮوﻧﺪه – ﭼﺮﺧﺸﻲ ﭘﺮهاي – ﺷﻠﻨﮕﻲ‬
‫ﻣﺴﻲ‬
The abrasive character of grit and the presence of rags make grit difficult to
handle. Hardened casings and impellers should be used for torque-flow pumps.
Pneumatic/steam ejectors may also be used.
‫ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻪ و‬.‫ اﻧﺘﻘﺎل ﺷﻦ را ﻣﺸﻜﻞ ﻣﻴﻜﻨﺪ‬،‫وﻳﮋﮔﻲ ﺳﺎﻳﻨﺪﮔﻲ ﺷﻦ و ﺣﻀﻮر ﺳﻨﮓ‬
‫ ﻣﻜﻨﺪه‬.‫ﭘﺮواﻧﻪ ﺳﺨﺖ ﺷﺪه ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻠﻤﺒﻪ ﻫﺎي ﮔﺸﺘﺎور ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﮔﺮﻳﺰ از ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻗﺮار ﮔﻴﺮد‬
.‫ ﺑﺨﺎري ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺖ ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻗﺮار ﮔﻴﺮد‬/‫ﻫﻮاﻳﻲ‬
Scum is often pumped by the sludge pumps; valves are manipulated in the
scum and sludge lines to permit this. In larger plants, separate scum pumps are
used. Scum mixers are often used to ensure homogeneity prior to pumping.
Pneumatic/steam ejectors may also be used.
‫ﺗﻔﺎﻟﻪ ﻫﺎ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻً ﺑﻪ وﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﺗﻠﻤﺒﻪﻫﺎي ﻟﺠﻨﻲ ﺗﻠﻤﺒﻪ ﺷﺪه و ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎي ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ در ﺧﻄﻮط ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻟﺠﻦ‬
‫ در واﺣﺪﻫﺎي ﺑﺰرﮔﺘﺮ ﺗﻠﻤﺒﻪﻫﺎي ﻣﺠﺰا ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻔﺎﻟﻪ ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬.‫و ﺗﻔﺎﻟﻪ اﻳﻦ ﻛﺎر را ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﻣﻲ ﺳﺎزﻧﺪ‬
‫ ﻫﻤﺰن ﻫﺎي ﺗﻔﺎﻟﻪ ﺑﺮاي اﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎن از ﻳﻜﻨﻮاﺧﺖ ﺑﻮدن ﺗﻔﺎﻟﻪ ﻗﺒﻞ از ﺗﻠﻤﺒﻪﻫﺎ ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬.‫ﻗﺮار ﻣﻴﮕﻴﺮد‬
.‫ﺑﺨﺎري ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺖ ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻗﺮار ﮔﻴﺮد‬/‫ ﻣﻜﻨﺪهﻫﺎي ﻫﻮاﻳﻲ‬.‫ﻗﺮار ﻣﻴﮕﻴﺮﻧﺪ‬
In most cases, it is desirable to obtain as concentrated a sludge as practicable
from primary sedimentation tanks, usually by collecting the solid in hoppers
and pumping intermittently, allowing the solid to collect and consolidate
between pumping periods. The character of untreated primary solid will vary
considerably, depending on the characteristics of the solids in the wastewater
and the types of treatment Units and their efficiency.
Where biological treatment follows, the quantity of solids from:
‫در اﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻮارد ﻣﻄﻠﻮب اﺳﺖ ﺗﺎ ﺣﺪ اﻣﻜﺎن ﻟﺠﻦ ﺑﺼﻮرت ﻏﻠﻴﻆ ﺷﺪه از ﻣﺨﺎزن رﺳﻮب ﮔﺬاري اوﻟﻴﻪ ﺑﺎ‬
‫ﺟﻤﻊآوري ﺟﺎﻣﺪات در ﻗﻴﻒﻫﺎ و ﺗﻠﻤﺒﻪ ﻛﺮدن ﻣﺘﻨﺎوب ﻛﻪ اﻣﻜﺎن ﺗﺠﻤﻊ و ﺳﻔﺖ ﺷﺪن ﻟﺠﻦ را‬
‫ ﺑﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت ﺟﺎﻣﺪات ﭘﺴﺎب‬، ‫ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت ﺟﺎﻣﺪات اوﻟﻴﻪ ﺗﺼﻔﻴﻪ ﻧﺸﺪه‬.‫ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﻮد‬،‫ﻣﻴﺪﻣﺪ‬
. ‫ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻘﺪار زﻳﺎد ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‬، ‫و ﻧﻮع واﺣﺪﻫﺎي ﺗﺼﻔﻴﻪ و راﻧﺪﻣﺎن آﻧﻬﺎ‬
:‫ ﻣﻘﺪاري از ﺟﺎﻣﺪات ﺑﺼﻮرت زﻳﺮ اﺳﺖ‬،‫ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ ﺗﺼﻔﻴﻪ ﺑﻴﻮﻟﻮژﻳﻜﻲ را ﺑﻪ دﻧﺒﺎل داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
18
Feb. 2010/ 1388 ‫ﺑﻬﻤﻦ‬
IPS-E-PR-735(1)
TABLE 2 (continued)
(‫ )اداﻣﻪ‬-2 ‫ﺟﺪول‬
TYPE OF SLUDGE
OR
APPLICABLE PUMP
COMMENT
SOLIDS
‫ﺗﻠﻤﺒﻪ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد‬
‫ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ‬
‫ﻧﻮع ﻟﺠﻦ ﻳﺎ ﺟﺎﻣﺪات‬
1) Waste activated sludge,
2) humus sludge from settling tanks following trickling filters,
3) overflow liquors from digestion tanks, and,
4) Centrate or filtrate return from dewatering operations will also
affect the sludge characteristics.
، ‫ﻟﺠﻦ ﻫﺎي ﻓﻌﺎل ﺷﺪه زاﺋﺪ‬
(1
، ‫ﻟﺠﻦ ﻫﺎي ﺧﺎﻛﻲ از ﻣﺨﺎزن ﺗﻪ ﻧﺸﻴﻨﻲ ﺑﻌﺪ از ﻓﻴﻠﺘﺮﻫﺎي ﭼﻜﻨﺪه‬
(2
،‫ﺳﺮرﻳﺰ ﺟﺮﻳﺎن دوﻏﺎب از ﻣﺨﺎزن ﺗﺨﻤﻴﺮ‬
(3
‫ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺘﻲ ﺟﺪاﺷﺪه ﻳﺎ ﻓﻴﻠﺘﺮ ﺷﺪه از ﻓﺮآﻳﻨﺪ آب ﮔﻴﺮي ﻧﻴﺰ در ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت ﻟﺠﻦ‬
.‫اﺛﺮ ﮔﺬار اﺳﺖ‬
(4
In many cases, the character of the sludge is not suitable for the use of
conventional nonclog centrifugal pumps. Where sludge contains rags, chopper
pumps may be used.
‫در اﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻮارد ﺧﻮاص ﻟﺠﻦ ﺑﺮاي اﻧﺘﻘﺎل ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺗﻠﻤﺒﻪﻫﺎي ﻣﺘﺪاول ﮔﺮﻳﺰ از ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺑﺪون ﮔﺮﻓﺘﮕﻲ‬
‫ ﺗﻠﻤﺒﻪ ﻫﺎي ﭼﺎﭘﺮ ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻗﺮار‬،‫ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻟﺠﻦ ﻫﺎ داراي ﺳﻨﮓ رﻳﺰه ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‬.‫ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‬
.‫ﻣﻴﮕﻴﺮد‬
sludge from Chemical
Precipitation
‫ﻟﺠﻦ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ از ﺗﻪ ﻧﺸﻴﻨﻲ‬
‫ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ‬
Trickling-filter
humus
‫ﺗﻪ رﻳﺰهﻫﺎي ﻓﻴﻠﺘﺮ ﭼﻜﻨﺪه‬
Return or waste
activated sludge
‫ﻟﺠﻦ ﻫﺎي ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺘﻲ ﻳﺎ ﻓﻌﺎل‬
‫ﺷﺪه زاﺋﺪ‬
Same as for primary sludge
‫ﻫﻤﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﻟﺠﻦ ﻫﺎي اوﻟﻴﻪ‬
Nonclog and torque-flow
centrifugal; progressive cavity;
plunger; diaphragm
May contain a large amount of inorganic constituents depending on the type
and amount of chemicals used.
‫ﻣﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺖ ﻣﻘﺎدﻳﺮ زﻳﺎدي ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﺎت ﻣﻌﺪﻧﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻮع و ﻣﻘﺪار ﻣﻮاد ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﻮرد‬
.‫ داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬،‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده دارد‬
Humus is usually of homogeneous character and can be easily pumped.
.‫ﺗﻪ رﻳﺰه ﻫﺎ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻً از ﺧﻮاص ﻳﻜﻨﻮاﺧﺘﻲ ﺑﺮﺧﻮردار ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ و ﺑﻪ راﺣﺘﻲ ﺗﻠﻤﺒﻪ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﻧﺪ‬
– ‫ﮔﺮﻳﺰ از ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺑﺪون ﮔﺮﻓﺘﮕﻲ و ﮔﺸﺘﺎور‬
‫ ﺣﻔﺮه اي ﭘﻴﺸﺮوﻧﺪه – ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮن‬،‫ﺟﺮﻳﺎن‬
‫ دﻳﺎﻓﺮاﮔﻢ‬،‫ﺷﻨﺎور‬
Nonclog and torque-flow
centrifugal; progressive cavity;
diaphragm
‫ﮔﺮﻳﺰ از ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺑﺪون ﮔﺮﻓﺘﮕﻲ و ﮔﺸﺘﺎور‬
‫ دﻳﺎﻓﺮاﮔﻤﻲ‬، ‫ ﺣﻔﺮه اي ﭘﻴﺸﺮوﻧﺪه‬،‫ﺟﺮﻳﺎن‬
Sludge is dilute and contains only fine solids so that nonclog pumps may be
used. For nonclog pumps, slow speeds are recommended to minimize the
breakup of flocculant particles.
‫ﻟﺠﻦ ﻫﺎ رﻗﻴﻖ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ و ﻓﻘﻂ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺟﺎﻣﺪات رﻳﺰ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮرﻳﻜﻪ ﭘﻤﭙﻬﺎي ﺑﺪون ﮔﺮﻓﺘﮕﻲ‬
‫ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻛﻢ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﻣﻴﺸﻮد ﺗـﺎ از ﺷﻜﺴﺘﻪ‬،‫ ﺑﺮاي ﭘﻤﭙﻬﺎي ﺑﺪون ﮔﺮﻓﺘﮕﻲ‬.‫ﻣﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺖ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
.‫ﺷﺪن ﻟﺨﺘﻪﻫﺎ ﻳﺎ اﻧﻌﻘﺎدﻫﺎ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮي ﻛﻨﺪ‬
19
Feb. 2010/ 1388 ‫ﺑﻬﻤﻦ‬
IPS-E-PR-735(1)
TABLE 2 (continued)
(‫ )اداﻣﻪ‬-2 ‫ﺟﺪول‬
TYPE OF SLUDGE
OR
APPLICABLE PUMP
COMMENT
SOLIDS
‫ﺗﻠﻤﺒﻪ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد‬
‫ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ‬
Plunger, progressive cavity;
diaphragm; high-pressure piston;
rotary-lobe; hose
Positive displacement pumps are most applicable for concentrated sludge
because of their ability to generate movement of the sludge mass. Torque-flow
pumps may be used but may require the addition of flushing or dilution
facilities.
– ‫ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮن ﺷﻨﺎور – ﺣﻔﺮه اي ﭘﻴﺸﺮوﻧﺪه‬
‫ ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮن ﻓﺸﺎر ﺑﺎﻻ – ﭘﺮه ﻟﺒﻪ‬،‫دﻳﺎﻓﺮاﮔﻤﻲ‬
‫اي دوار– ﺷﻠﻨﮓ‬
‫ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد را ﺑﺮاي‬،‫ﺗﻠﻤﺒﻪﻫﺎي ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﺜﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ دﻟﻴﻞ ﻗﺪرت ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎﻳﻲ ﻟﺠﻦ ﻫﺎي ﺑﺎ وزن ﺑﺎﻻ‬
‫ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﻣﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺖ ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻗﺮار ﮔﻴﺮد اﻣﺎ ﺑﻪ‬-‫ ﺗﻠﻤﺒﻪﻫﺎي ﮔﺸﺘﺎور‬،‫ﻟﺠﻦ ﻫﺎي ﻏﻠﻴﻆ ﺷﺪه دارﻧﺪ‬
.‫ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات ﺷﺴﺘﺸﻮ و رﻗﻴﻖ ﺳﺎزي ﻧﻴﺎز دارد‬
Plunger; torque-flow;
centrifugal; progressive cavity;
diaphragm; high-pressure piston;
rotary-lobe
Well-digested biosides are homogeneous, containing 5 to 8% solids and a
quantity of gas bubbles, but may contain up to 12% solids.
Poorly digested sludge may be difficult to handle. If good screening and grit
removal is provided, nonclogy centrifugal pumps may be considered.
‫ ﮔﺮﻳﺰ‬،‫ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮن ﺷﻨﺎور – ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﮔﺸﺘﺎور‬
– ‫از ﻣﺮﻛﺰ – ﺣﻔﺮه اي ﭘﻴﺸﺮوﻧﺪه‬
‫دﻳﺎﻓﺮاﮔﻢ – ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮن ﺷﻨﺎور ﺑﺎﻻ – ﭘﺮه ﻟﺒﻪ‬
‫اي دوار‬
،‫ درﺻﺪ ﺟﺎﻣﺪ و ﻣﻘﺪاري ﺣﺒﺎﺑﻬﺎي ﮔﺎز‬8 ‫ ﺗﺎ‬5 ‫ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‬،‫ﺑﻴﻮﺟﺎﻣﺪﻫﺎي ﺧﻮب ﺗﺨﻤﻴﺮ ﺷﺪه ﻫﻤﮕﻦ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‬
‫ اﻧﺘﻘﺎل ﺟﺎﻣﺪﻫﺎي ﻛﻢ ﺗﺨﻤﻴﺮ ﺷﺪه ﻣﻤﻜﻦ‬.‫ ﻧﻴﺰ اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﻳﺎﺑﺪ‬%12 ‫اﻣﺎ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺖ ﻣﻘﺪار ﺟﺎﻣﺪات ﺗﺎ‬
‫ از ﺗﻠﻤﺒﻪﻫﺎي ﮔﺮﻳﺰ از ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺑﺪون‬،‫ اﮔﺮ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات اﻟﻚ و آﺳﻴﺎب ﻓﺮاﻫﻢ ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬.‫اﺳﺖ ﻣﺸﻜﻞ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
.‫ﮔﺮﻓﺘﮕﻲ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮان اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻧﻤﻮد‬
‫ﻧﻮع ﻟﺠﻦ ﻳﺎ ﺟﺎﻣﺪات‬
Thickened or
concentrated sludge
.‫ﻟﺠﻦ ﻫﺎي ﻏﻠﻴﻆ ﻳﺎ ﻏﻠﻴﻆ ﺷﺪه‬
Digested biosolids
‫ﺑﻴﻮﺟﺎﻣﺪﻫﺎي ﺗﺨﻤﻴﺮ ﺷﺪه‬
‫ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻛﺸﻲ ﻟﺠﻦ‬3-7
7.3 Sludge Piping
7.3.1 In treatment plants, conventional sludge
piping should not be smaller than DN 150 (6
inch), although smaller diameter glass-lined
pipes have been used successfully.
‫ ﺧﻄﻮط ﻣﺘﺪاول ﻟﻮﻟﻪ اﻧﺘﻘﺎل‬،‫ در واﺣﺪﻫﺎي ﺗﺼﻔﻴﻪ‬1-3-7
7.3.2 Pipe sizes need not be larger than DN
200 (8 inch) unless the velocity exceeds 1.5 to
1.8 m/s, in which case, the pipe shall be sized
to maintain the velocity. Gravity sludge
withdrawal lines should not be less than DN
200 (8 inch) in diameter.
(‫ اﻳﻨﭻ‬8) DN 200 ‫ ﺳﺎﻳﺰ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎ ﻻزم ﻧﻴﺴﺖ از‬2-3-7
‫ ﻫﺮﭼﻨﺪ‬،‫ اﻳﻨﭻ( ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬6) DN 150 ‫ﻟﺠﻦ ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ ﻛﻮﭼﻜﺘﺮ از‬
‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺑﺎ روﻛﺶ ﺷﻴﺸﻪاي ﺑﺎ ﻗﻄﺮ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ‬
.‫ﻣﻮﻓﻘﻴﺖ آﻣﻴﺰي داﺷﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ‬
‫ ﻣﺘﺮ‬1/8 ‫ ﺗﺎ‬1/5 ‫ﺗﺠﺎوز ﻛﻨﺪ ﻣﮕﺮ اﻳﻦ ﻛﻪ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ از‬
‫ در اﻳﻦ ﺻﻮرت ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺮاي ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻣﺎﻧﺪن‬.‫ﺑﺮﺛﺎﻧﻴﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ ﺑﺮاي ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﺛﻘﻠﻲ ﻟﺠﻦ ﻫﺎ در‬.‫ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ اﻧﺪازه ﺷﻮد‬،‫ﺳﺮﻋﺖ‬
(‫ اﻳﻨﭻ‬8) DN 200 ‫ﺧﻄﻮط ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ ﻗﻄﺮ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ از‬
.‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
7.3.3 A number of cleanouts in the form of
plugged tees or crosses instead of elbows shall
be installed so that the lines can be rodded if
necessary.
‫ ﺗﻌﺪادي ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﺗﻤﻴﺰﻛﺎري ﺑﻪ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻣﺴﺪود‬3-3-7
7.3.4 Pump connections should not be smaller
than DN 100 (4 inch) in diameter
DN 100 ‫ ﻗﻄﺮ اﺗﺼﺎﻻت ﺗﻠﻤﺒﻪ ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ ﻛﻮﭼﻜﺘﺮ از‬4-3-7
7.3.5 Pump selection shall consider build-up of
head due to grease accumulations at the inside
‫ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺗﻠﻤﺒﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻫﻤﺮاه ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ارﺗﻔﺎع‬5-3-7
‫ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻳﺎ ﻣﺘﻘﺎﻃﻊ ﺑﺠﺎي زاﻧﻮﻳﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻧﺼﺐ‬T ‫ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻫﺎي‬
‫ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﺗﺎ در ﺻﻮرت ﺿﺮورت ﺧﻄﻮط ﻟﻮﻟﻪ را ﻓﻨﺮ ﮔﺬاري‬
.‫ﻛﺮد‬
.‫ اﻳﻨﭻ( ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬4)
20
Feb. 2010/ 1388 ‫ﺑﻬﻤﻦ‬
of piping. In some plants provisions may also
be made for melting the grease by circulating
hot water, steam or digester supernatant
through the main sludge lines.
IPS-E-PR-735(1)
‫ در ﺑﻌﻀﻲ‬.‫ﻫﻤﺮاه ﺑﺎ ﺗﺠﻤﻊ ﮔﺮﻳﺲ در داﺧﻞ ﺧﻄﻮط ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫واﺣﺪﻫﺎ ﺗﻤﻬﻴﺪاﺗﻲ ﺑﺮاي ذوب ﮔﺮﻳﺲ ﺑﺎ ﮔﺮدش آب ﮔﺮم ﻳﺎ‬
،‫ﺑﺨﺎر ﻳﺎ ﺣﻼل ﻣﻮاد ﺷﻨﺎور در ﺧﻄﻮط ﻟﻮﻟﻪ اﺻﻠﻲ ﻟﺠﻦ‬
.‫ﻓﺮاﻫﻢ ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‬
7.3.6 In the design of long sludge lines, special
design features should be considered including:
‫ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ‬،‫ در ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺧﻄﻮط ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻃﻮﻻﻧﻲ ﻟﺠﻦ‬6-3-7
‫ از‬،‫ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد ﺷﻜﻞ ﺧﺎﺻﻲ از ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﻣﻮرد ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻗﺮار ﮔﻴﺮد‬
:‫ﺟﻤﻠﻪ‬
a) Providing two pipes unless a single
pipe can be shut-down for several
days without causing problems;
‫ ﻣﮕﺮ اﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﻳﻚ ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ را‬،‫اﻟﻒ( ﭘﻴﺶ ﺑﻴﻨﻲ دو ﺧﻂ‬
b) providing for external corrosion
and pipe loads;
‫ب( ﭘﻴﺶ ﺑﻴﻨﻲ ﺑﺮاي ﺧﻮردﮔﻲ ﺳﻄﻮح ﺧﺎرﺟﻲ و ﺑﺎر‬
c) adding facilities for applying
dilution water for flushing the line;
‫ج( اﻓﺰودن ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات ﺑﺮاي ﺷﺴﺘﺸﻮي ﺧﻄﻮط ﻟﻮﻟﻪ‬
d) providing means to insert a pipe
cleaner at the treatment plant;
‫د( ﭘﻴﺶ ﺑﻴﻨﻲ ﺑﺮاي ورود ﺗﻤﻴﺰﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﻟﻮﻟﻪ در واﺣﺪ‬
e) including provisions for steam
injections;
‫ﻫ( ﺗﻤﻬﻴﺪاﺗﻲ ﺑﺮاي ﺗﺰرﻳﻖ ﺑﺨﺎر؛‬
f) providing air relief and blow-off
valves for the high and low points,
respectively; and,
‫و( ﺗﻌﺒﻴﻪ ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎي اﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎن ﻫﻮا و ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ ﺑﺘﺮﺗﻴﺐ‬
g) considering the potential effects of
waterhammer.
‫ز ( ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻛﺮدن ﺑﻪ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮات اﺣﺘﻤﺎﻟﻲ ﺿﺮﺑﻪ ﻗﻮچ‬
‫ﺑﺘﻮان ﺑﺮاي ﭼﻨﺪ روز ﺑﺪون آن ﻛﻪ ﻣﺸﻜﻠﻲ‬
‫؛‬.‫ﭘﻴﺶ آﻳﺪ ﻣﺘﻮﻗﻒ ﻧﻤﻮد‬
‫ﻟﻮﻟﻪ‬
‫ﺑﺎ آب رﻗﻴﻖ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ؛‬
‫ﺗﺼﻔﻴﻪ؛‬
‫ﺑﺮاي ﻧﻘﺎط ﺑﺎﻻﻳﻲ و ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻨﻲ ؛‬
‫ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺎﺗﻲ‬4-7
7.4 Preliminary Operation Facilities
Sludge grinding, degritting, blending, and
storage are necessary to provide a relatively
constant, homogeneous feed to sludge
processing facilities. Blending and storage can
be accomplished either in a single Unit
designed to do both or separately in other plant
components.
‫ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر داﺷﺘﻦ ﺧﻮراك ﻧﺴﺒﺘﺎ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ و ﻳﻜﻨﻮاﺧﺖ ﺑﻪ‬
،‫ ﺷﻦ زدا‬،‫ وﺟﻮد ﻟﺠﻦ ﺧﺮد ﻛﻦ‬،‫ﺗﺎﺳﻴﺴﺎت ﻓﺮآﻳﻨﺪي ﻟﺠﻦ‬
‫ اﺧﺘﻼط‬.‫ﻣﺨﻠﻮط ﻛﻦ و ﻣﺨﺰن ذﺧﻴﺮه ﺳﺎزي ﺿﺮورت دارﻧﺪ‬
‫ﻟﺠﻦ و ذﺧﻴﺮه ﺳﺎزي را ﻣﻴﺘﻮان ﺑﺎ ﻫﻢ و ﻳﺎ ﺑﻄﻮر ﻣﺠﺰا در‬
.‫واﺣﺪ دﻳﮕﺮ اﻧﺠﺎم داد‬
‫ ﺧﺮد ﻛﺮدن ﻟﺠﻦ‬1-4-7
7.4.1 Sludge grinding
Some of the processes that must be preceded
by sludge grinders for the purpose of
preventing clogging are
a) Pumping
pumps;
with
progressive
‫ﺑﻌﻀﻲ از ﻓﺮآﻳﻨﺪﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻌﺪ از ﺧﺮد ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﻫﺎي ﻟﺠﻦ‬
:‫اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﻮد ﺗﺎ از ﮔﺮﻓﺘﮕﻲ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮي ﻛﻨﺪ ﻋﺒﺎرﺗﻨﺪ از‬
cavity
‫اﻟﻒ( ﺗﻠﻤﺒﻪ ﻛﺮدن ﺑﺎ ﺗﻠﻤﺒﻪﻫﺎي ﺣﻔﺮه اي ﭘﻴﺸﺮوﻧﺪه؛‬
b) Solid bowl centrifuges ;
‫ب ( ﮔﺮﻳﺰ از ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﻛﺎﺳﻪ ﺟﺎﻣﺪي؛‬
21
Feb. 2010/ 1388 ‫ﺑﻬﻤﻦ‬
c) Belt-filter press;
IPS-E-PR-735(1)
.‫ج ( ﻓﻴﻠﺘﺮﻫﺎي ﺗﺴﻤﻪاي ﻓﺸﺎري‬
Slow speed, more durable and reliable grinders
shall be applied. The design shall include
improved bearings and seals, hardened steel
cutters, overload sensors, and mechanisms that
reverse the cutter rotation to clear obstructions
or shutdown the Unit if the obstruction can not
be cleared.
‫ دوام ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ و ﻣﻄﻤﺌﻦ از ﻛﺎرﻛﺮد‬،‫ﺧﺮد ﻛﻦ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ‬
‫ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎنﻫﺎ و آب‬.‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎر ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﻮد‬
‫ و ﺗﻴﻐﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺑﺮﻧﺪه ﻓﻮﻻدي ﺳﺨﺖ و ﺣﺴﮕﺮﻫﺎي ﺑﺎر‬،‫ﺑﻨﺪﻫﺎ‬
‫اﺿﺎﻓﻲ ﭘﻴﺸﺮﻓﺘﻪ و ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺰﻣﻲ ﻛﻪ ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ ﺑﺮﻧﺪه ﻧﺘﻮاﻧﺴﺖ‬
‫اﻳﺠﺎد ﻣﺎﻧﻊ را رﻓﻊ ﻛﻨﺪ و ﺑﺎ ﭼﺮﺧﺶ ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺘﻲ ﺑﺘﻮاﻧﺪ ﻣﺎﻧﻊ و‬
.‫ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬،‫اﻧﺴﺪاد را ﺑﺮﻃﺮف ﻛﻨﺪ‬
‫ ﻏﺮﺑﺎل ﻛﺮدن ﻟﺠﻦ‬2-4-7
7.4.2 Sludge screening
Because row wastewater screens can allow
significant of solids to pass through, sludge
screening is alternative to grinding. Screening
is advantageous in that nuisance material is
removed from the solid stream. Types of
screens are:
،‫ﺑﻪ دﻟﻴﻞ اﻳﻨﻜﻪ ردﻳﻒ ﻏﺮﺑﺎلﻫﺎي ﭘﺴﺎب اﺟﺎزه ﻣﻴﺪﻫﺪ‬
‫ﻣﻘﺎدﻳﺮ زﻳﺎدي از ﺟﺎﻣﺪات ﻋﺒﻮر ﻛﻨﻨﺪ ﻏﺮﺑﺎل ﻛﺮدن ﻟﺠﻦ‬
‫ از‬.‫ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺰﻳﻦ دﻳﮕﺮي ﺑﺮاي ﺧﺮد ﻛﺮدن ﻟﺠﻦ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬
‫ دﻓﻊ ﻣﻮاد ﻣﺰاﺣﻢ از ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﺟﺎﻣﺪات‬،‫ﻣﺰاﻳﺎي ﻏﺮﺑﺎل ﻛﺮدن‬
:‫ اﻧﻮاع ﻏﺮﺑﺎل ﻫﺎ ﻋﺒﺎرﺗﻨﺪ از‬.‫اﺳﺖ‬
‫اﻟﻒ( ﻏﺮﺑﺎل ﻫﺎي ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪاي ﺑﺮاي دﻓﻊ ﺟﺎﻣﺪات رﻳﺰ‬
a) Step screens can be used for the
‫ ﻟﺠﻦ ﻫﺎي اوﻟﻴﻪ ﻳﺎ ﺑﻴﻮﺟﺎﻣﺪﻫﺎ‬،‫از ﺟﺪاﺳﺎزﻫﺎ‬
‫ ﺳﻮراخﻫﺎي‬.‫ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻗﺮار ﻣﻴﮕﻴﺮﻧﺪ‬
‫ ﺗﺎ‬1/2) ‫ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ‬6 ‫ ﺗﺎ‬3 ‫ﻏﺮﺑﺎل در ﻣﺤﺪوده‬
‫ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ‬10 ‫ اﻳﻨﭻ( و ﺳﻮراخﻫﺎي ﺗﺎ‬0/24
‫ اﻳﻨﭻ( ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﻴﺘﻮاﻧﻨﺪ ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻗﺮار‬0/4)
.‫ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ‬
removal of fine solids from septage,
primary sludge, or biosolids. Screen
openings normally range from 3 to 6
mm (0.12 to .24 in), although openings
up to 10mm ( 0.4 in ) can be used.
b) In-line screen that can be installed in a
pipeline. The screen removes material
by passing the flow screen through a
screen with 5 mm (0.2 in) openings.
‫ب ( در ﺧﻄﻮط ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﻴﺘﻮان ﻏﺮﺑﺎل داﺧﻠﻲ ﻧﺼﺐ‬
5 ‫ ﻏﺮﺑﺎل ﺑﺎ ﻋﺒﻮر از ﺳﻮراخﻫﺎي ﺑﻪ ﻗﻄﺮ‬.‫ﻛﺮد‬
.‫ اﻳﻨﭻ( ﻣﻴﺘﻮاﻧﺪ ﻣﻮاد را دﻓﻊ ﻛﻨﺪ‬0/2) ‫ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ‬
‫ ﺷﻦ زداﻳﻲ از ﻟﺠﻦ‬3-4-7
7.4.3 Sludge degritting
In some plants where separate grit removal
facilities are not used ahead of the primary
sedimentation tanks or where the grit removal
facilities are not adequate to handle peak flows
and peak grit loads, the grit removal facilities
should be provided before further processing of
the sludge. Where further thickening of the
primary sludge is desired, a practical
consideration is sludge degritting. The most
effective method of degritting is through the
application of centrifugal forces in a flowing
system to achieve separation of grit particles
from the organic sludge. Such separation is
achieved through the use of cyclone degritters,
which have no moving parts. The efficiency of
the cyclone degritter is affected by pressure
‫در ﺑﻌﻀﻲ از ﻛﺎرﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ ﻛﻪ ﺗﺎﺳﻴﺴﺎت ﺟﺪاﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺷﻦ‬
‫ﺑﺼﻮرت ﻣﺠﺰا در ﺑﺎﻻ دﺳﺖ ﻣﺨﺎزن رﺳﻮب ﮔﺬاري اوﻟﻴﻪ‬
‫ ﻳﺎ در ﺟﺎﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات ﻛﺎﻓﻲ دﻓﻊ‬.‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻧﻤﻴﺸﻮﻧﺪ‬
،‫ﺷﻦ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻨﮕﺎم اوج ﺟﺮﻳﺎن و اوج ﺑﺎر ﺷﻦ ﻣﻮﺟﻮد ﻧﻤﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ﺗﺎﺳﻴﺴﺎت دﻓﻊ ﺷﻦ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻗﺒﻞ از ﻫﺮ ﻧﻮع ﻓﺮآﻳﻨﺪي ﻧﺼﺐ‬
‫ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻐﻠﻴﻆ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﻟﺠﻦ اوﻟﻴﻪ ﻣﻄﻠﻮب ﻣﻲ‬.‫ﮔﺮدﻧﺪ‬
‫ ﻣﻮﺛﺮﺗﺮﻳﻦ روش‬.‫ ﻋﻤﻼ ﺷﻦ زدا ﻣﺪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ ﺑﻮد‬،‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ﺷﻦ زداﻳﻲ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻧﻴﺮوﻫﺎي ﮔﺮﻳﺰ از ﻣﺮﻛﺰ در ﻳﻚ‬
‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ روان ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺗﺎ ذرات ﺷﻦ را از ﻣﻮاد آﻟﻲ ﻟﺠﻦ‬
‫ و اﻳﻦ ﻧﻮع ﺟﺪا ﻛﺮدن ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﺷﻦ زداﻫﺎي‬.‫ﺟﺪا ﻛﻨﺪ‬
.‫ﺳﻴﻜﻠﻮﻧﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻣﺘﺤﺮك ﻧﺪارد اﻧﺠﺎم ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد‬
22
Feb. 2010/ 1388 ‫ﺑﻬﻤﻦ‬
and by the concentration of the organic in the
sludge. To obtain effective grit separation, the
sludge must be relatively dilute. As the sludge
concentration increases, the particle size that
can be removed decreases.
IPS-E-PR-735(1)
‫راﻧﺪﻣﺎن ﺷﻦ زداي ﺳﻴﻜﻠﻮن ﺑﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻓﺸﺎر و ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﻣﻮاد‬
‫ ﻟﺠﻦ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬، ‫ ﺑﺮاي ﻣﻮﺛﺮ ﺑﻮدن ﺷﻦ زداﻳﻲ‬.‫آﻟﻲ در ﻟﺠﻦ دارد‬
‫ اﻧﺪازه ذراﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ‬،‫ ﺑﺎ اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ‬.‫ﻧﺴﺒﺘﺎ رﻗﻴﻖ ﺷﻮد‬
.‫ﻣﻲﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺟﺪا ﺷﻮد ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﻲﻳﺎﺑﺪ‬
‫ ﻣﺨﻠﻮط ﻛﺮدن ﻟﺠﻦ‬4-4-7
7.4.4 Sludge blending
Sludge is blended (if required) to produce a
uniform mixture to downstream operations and
processes. Uniform mixtures are most
important in short detention time systems, such
as sludge dewatering, heat treatment, and
incineration. Special attention shall be given to
segregation of oily and non-oily sludges.
‫اﺧﺘﻼط ﻟﺠﻦ)در ﺻﻮرت ﻧﻴﺎز( ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻳﻚ ﻣﺨﻠﻮط‬
‫ﻳﻜﺴﺎن ﺟﻬﺖ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت و ﻓﺮآﻳﻨﺪ ﭘﺎﺋﻴﻦ دﺳﺖ ﺻﻮرت ﻣﻲ‬
‫ ﻣﺨﻠﻮطﻫﺎي ﻳﻜﻨﻮاﺧﺖ در ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎي داراي زﻣﺎن‬.‫ﮔﻴﺮد‬
‫ ﺗﺼﻔﻴﻪ ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ و ﺳﻮزاﻧﺪن‬،‫ﺗﻮﻗﻒ ﻛﻮﺗﺎه ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ آﺑﮕﻴﺮي ﻟﺠﻦ‬
‫ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺧﺎﺻﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺪا ﻛﺮدن‬.‫ﺧﻴﻠﻲ ﻣﻬﻢ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‬
.‫ﻟﺠﻦﻫﺎي روﻏﻨﻲ از ﻏﻴﺮروﻏﻨﻲ اﻧﺠﺎم ﭘﺬﻳﺮد‬
Sludge from primary, secondary, and advanced
processes can be blended in the several ways.
‫ ﺛﺎﻧﻮﻳﻪ و ﭘﻴﺸﺮﻓﺘﻪ‬،‫ﻟﺠﻦ ﻫﺎي ﺣﺎﺻﻞ از ﻓﺮآﻳﻨﺪﻫﺎي اوﻟﻴﻪ‬
:‫ﻣﻴﺘﻮاﻧﻨﺪ ﺑﻪ ﭼﻨﺪﻳﻦ روش ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻣﺨﻠﻮط ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
‫اﻟﻒ( در ﻣﺨﺎزن ﺗﻪ ﻧﺸﻴﻨﻲ اوﻟﻴﻪ‬
a) In primary settling tanks:
The same type (oily or non-oily) sludges
from secondary or advanced waste water
treatment sludges can be returned to the
primary settling tanks, where they will
settle and mix with the primary sludge.
(‫در اﻳﻦ روش ﻟﺠﻦ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ)روﻏﻨﻲ و ﻏﻴﺮروﻏﻨﻲ‬
‫ﺣﺎﺻﻞ از ﺗﺼﻔﻴﻪ ﭘﺴﺎب ﺛﺎﻧﻮﻳﻪ و ﭘﻴﺸﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻣﻴﺘﻮاﻧﻨﺪ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ در ﺟﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ‬،‫ﻣﺨﺎزن اوﻟﻴﻪ ﺗﻪ ﻧﺸﻴﻨﻲ ﺑﺎزﮔﺮداﻧﺪه ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
.‫آﻧﻬﺎ ﺗﻪ ﻧﺸﻴﻦ ﺷﺪه و ﺑﺎ ﻟﺠﻦ اوﻟﻴﻪ ﻣﺨﻠﻮط ﻣﻴﺸﻮﻧﺪ‬
:‫ب( در ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎ‬
b) In pipes:
This procedure requires careful control of
sludge sources and feed rates to ensure the
proper blend.
‫اﻳﻦ روش ﻧﻴﺎزﻣﻨﺪ ﻛﻨﺘﺮل دﻗﻴﻖ ﻣﻨﺸﺎ ﻟﺠﻦ و ﻣﻴﺰان‬
.‫ﺧﻮراك ﺑﺮاي اﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎن از اﻧﺠﺎم ﺻﺤﻴﺢ اﺧﺘﻼط اﺳﺖ‬
c) In sludge processing facilities with long
detention times:
‫ج( در ﺗﺎﺳﻴﺴﺎت ﺗﺼﻔﻴﻪ ﻟﺠﻦ ﺑﺎ زﻣﺎن ﺗﻮﻗﻒ‬
Aerobic and anaerobic digesters (completemix type) can blend the feed sludges
uniformly.
‫ﺗﺨﻤﻴﺮﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﻫﺎي ﻫــﻮازي و ﺑﻲ ﻫــﻮازي )ﻧﻮع‬
‫اﺧﺘﻼط ﻛﺎﻣﻞ( ﻣﻴﺘﻮاﻧﻨﺪ اﺧﺘﻼط ﻟﺠﻦ ﻫﺎي ورودي را‬
.‫ﻳﻜﻨﻮاﺧﺖ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‬
:‫ﻃﻮﻻﻧﻲ‬
:‫د( در ﻳﻚ ﻣﺨﺰن اﺧﺘﻼط ﻣﺠﺰا‬
d) In a separate blending tank:
This practice provides the best opportunity
to control the quality of the blended
sludges.
‫اﻳﻦ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺑﻬﺘﺮﻳﻦ روش ﺑﺮاي ﻛﻨﺘﺮل ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ ﻟﺠﻦﻫﺎي‬
.‫ﻣﺨﻠﻮط ﺷﺪه ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
، 0/05 m³/s ‫در ﻛﺎرﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺗﺼﻔﻴﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﻫﺎي ﻛﻤﺘﺮ از‬
‫ در‬.‫اﺧﺘﻼط ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻ در ﻣﺨﺎزن اوﻟﻴﻪ ﺗﻪ ﻧﺸﻴﻨﻲ اﻧﺠﺎم ﻣﻴﺸﻮد‬
‫ راﻧﺪﻣﺎن ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪ ﺑﻪ وﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﻏﻠﻴﻆ ﻛﺮدن ﻣﺠﺰاي‬،‫ﺗﺎﺳﻴﺴﺎت ﺑﺰرﮔﺘﺮ‬
‫ ﻣﺨﺰﻧﻬﺎي‬.‫ﻟﺠﻦ ﻫﺎ ﻗﺒﻞ از ﻣﺨﻠﻮط ﺳﺎزي ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﻣﻲ آﻳﺪ‬
‫اﺧﺘﻼط ﺑﺎﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﻣﺠﻬﺰ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺨﻠﻮط ﻛﻦ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ و ﺗﻴﻐﻪﻫﺎﻳﻲ‬
.‫ﺑﺮاي اﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎن از اﻧﺠﺎم ﺧﻮب اﺧﺘﻼط ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬
In treatment plants of less than 0.05 m³/s
capacities, blending is usually accomplished in
the primary settling tanks. In large facilities,
optimum efficiency is achieved by separately
thickening sludges before blending. Blending
tanks should be equipped with mechanical
mixers and baffles to ensure good mixing.
23
Feb. 2010/ 1388 ‫ﺑﻬﻤﻦ‬
IPS-E-PR-735(1)
‫ ذﺧﻴﺮه ﺳﺎزي ﻟﺠﻦ‬5-4-7
7.4.5 Sludge storage
Sludge storage must be provided to smooth out
fluctuations in the rate of solids and biosolids
production and to allow solids to accumulate
during periods when subsequent solids
processing facilities are not operating. Sludge
storage shall be provided a head of the
following processes to establish a uniform feed
rate:
‫ﺑﺮاي آرام ﻛﺮدن ﻧﻮﺳﺎﻧﺎت در ﻣﻴﺰان ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺟﺎﻣﺪات و‬
‫ﺑﻴﻮﺟﺎﻣﺪات و اﻧﺒﺎﺷﺘﻪ ﺷﺪن ﺟﺎﻣﺪات وﻗﺘﻲ ﻛﻪ واﺣﺪ ﺑﻌﺪي‬
‫ ذﺧﻴﺮه ﺳﺎزي ﻟﺠﻦ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ اﻧﺠﺎم‬،‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت در ﺣﺎل ﻛﺎر ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‬
‫ ﻣﺨﺎزن ذﺧﻴﺮه ﺳﺎزي ﻟﺠﻦ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺮاي ﻓﺮآﻳﻨﺪﻫﺎ زﻳﺮ‬.‫ﮔﺮدد‬
‫ارﺗﻔﺎع ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ را ﻓﺮاﻫﻢ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ اﻳﺠﺎد ﻳﻚ‬
:‫ﻣﻴﺰان ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﻳﻜﻨﻮاﺧﺖ ﮔﺮدد‬
a) Lime stabilization,
،‫اﻟﻒ( ﺗﺜﺒﻴﺖ ﺳﺎزي آﻫﻜﻲ‬
b) Mechanical dewatering,
‫ب ( آﺑﮕﻴﺮي ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ‬
c) Heat Drying,
‫ج ( ﺧﺸﻚ ﻛﺮدن ﮔﺮﻣﺎﻳﻲ‬
d) Thermal reduction.
‫د ( اﺣﻴﺎء ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ‬
Sludge tanks may be sized to retain the sludge
for a period of several hours to a few days. If
sludge is stored longer than two or three days,
it will become odorous and will be more
difficult to dewater. Sludge is often aerated to
prevent septicity and to promote mixing.
Means shall be provided to reduce and control
the odors from sludge storage.
‫ﻣﺨﺎزن ﻟﺠﻦ ﺑﺮاي ﻧﮕﻬﺪاري ﻟﺠﻦ از ﭼﻨﺪ ﺳﺎﻋﺖ ﺗﺎ ﭼﻨﺪ‬
3 ‫ ﻳﺎ‬2 ‫ اﮔﺮ ﻟﺠﻦ ﺑﻴﺶ از‬.‫روز ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮاﻧﻨﺪ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ اﻧﺪازه ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
‫ ﻟﺠﻦ ﺑﻮدار ﺷﺪه و آﺑﮕﻴﺮي آن ﻣﺸﻜﻞ‬،‫روز ذﺧﻴﺮه ﮔﺮدد‬
‫ ﺑﻪ ﻟﺠﻦ ﻫﺎ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻً ﻫﻮا زده ﻣﻴﺸﻮد ﺗﺎ از ﮔﻨﺪﻳﺪﮔﻲ‬.‫ﻣﻴﺸﻮد‬
‫ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰاﺗﻲ ﺑﺮاي‬.‫ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮي و اﺧﺘﻼط را ﺗﺴﺮﻳﻊ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‬
‫ﻛﻨﺘﺮل و ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﻮاد ﺑﻮدار ﺣﺎﺻﻞ از ذﺧﻴﺮه ﺳﺎزي ﻟﺠﻦ‬
.‫در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﻮد‬
(‫ ﺗﻐﻠﻴﻆ )ﻏﻠﻴﻆ ﺳﺎزي‬5-7
7.5 Thickening (concentration)
Thickening should be used to increase the
solids content of sludge by removing a portion
of the liquid fraction before the land disposal
of the sludge or other applications as required.
Representative values of percent total solids
from various treatment operations or processes
are shown in Table C.2 of Appendix C. The
sludge thickening methods are described in
Table. 3.
‫ﺗﻐﻠﻴﻆ ﺑﺎﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﺑﺮاي اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﻣﺤﺘﻮﻳﺎت ﺟﺎﻣﺪات ﻟﺠﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ‬
‫ ﺑﻪ وﺳﻴﻠﻪ‬،‫از دﻓﻊ ﻟﺠﻦ در زﻣﻴﻦ و ﻳﺎ دﻳﮕﺮ ﻛﺎرﺑﺮي ﻻزم‬
‫ ﻣﻘﺎدﻳﺮ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﮕﺮ‬.‫ﺣﺬف ﺑﺨﺸﻲ آب ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻗﺮار ﮔﻴﺮد‬
‫درﺻﺪ ﻛﻞ ﺟﺎﻣﺪات از ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت ﻳﺎ ﻓﺮاﻳﻨﺪﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ در‬
‫ روﺷﻬﺎي ﺗﻐﻠﻴﻆ‬.‫ در ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺖ )ج( آﻣﺪه اﺳﺖ‬2-‫ﺟﺪول ج‬
.‫ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ داده ﺷﺪهاﻧﺪ‬3 ‫ﻟﺠﻦ در ﺟﺪول‬
‫ ﻛﺎرﺑﺮدﻫﺎ‬1-5-7
7.5.1 Application
On large projects where sludge must be
transported a significant distance, such as to a
separate plant for processing, a reduction in
sludge volume will result in a reduction of pipe
size and pumping costs. Volume reduction is
very desirable when liquid sludge is
transported by tank trucks for direct application
to land as a soil conditioner. In treatment plants
with less than 4000 m³/d capacity, separate
sludge thickening may not be required. In
small
plants,
gravity
thickening
is
‫در ﭘﺮوژه ﻫﺎي ﺑﺰرگ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻟﺠﻦ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺖ‬
‫ ﻣﺜﻼً ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎرﺧﺎﻧﻪ دﻳﮕﺮي ﺑﺮاي ﻓﺮآﻳﻨﺪ‬،‫ﻃﻮﻻﻧﻲ ﺣﻤﻞ ﺷﻮد‬
‫ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺣﺠﻢ ﻟﺠﻦ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺳﺎﻳﺰ‬،‫ﻣﻨﺘﻘﻞ ﺷﻮد‬
‫ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺣﺠﻢ‬.‫ﺧﻄﻮط ﻟﻮﻟﻪ و ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﺗﻠﻤﺒﻪ زﻧﻲ ﻣﻴﺸﻮد‬
‫ﺧﻴﻠﻲ ﻣﻄﻠﻮب ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻟﺠﻦﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ وﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﻛﺎﻣﻴﻮﻧﻬﺎي‬
‫ﻣﺨﺰﻧﻲ ﺑﺮاي ﻛﺎرﺑﺮي ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﺑﻌﻨﻮان اﺻﻼح ﺳﺎزي ﺧﺎك‬
‫ در ﻛﺎرﺧﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﺗﺼﻔﻴﻪ در‬،‫در زﻣﻴﻦ ﺣﻤﻞ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﻧﺪ‬
‫ ﺗﻐﻠﻴﻆ‬،‫ ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﻜﻌﺐ در روز‬4000 ‫ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖﻫﺎي ﻛﻤﺘﺮ از‬
‫ در ﺑﻌﻀﻲ‬.‫ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﻣﺠﺰا ﻟﺠﻦ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺖ ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻴﺎز ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ‬
24
Feb. 2010/ 1388 ‫ﺑﻬﻤﻦ‬
accomplished in the primary settling tank or in
the sludge digestion Units, or both.
IPS-E-PR-735(1)
‫ﻛﺎرﺧﺎﻧﺠﺎت ﻏﻠﻴﻆ ﺳﺎزي وزﻧﻲ ﺑﻪ وﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﻣﺨﺰنﻫﺎي ﺗﻪ‬
‫ اﻧﺠﺎم‬،‫ﻧﺸﻴﻨﻲ اوﻟﻴﻪ ﻳﺎ واﺣﺪﻫﺎي ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﻟﺠﻦ ﻳﺎ ﻫﺮدو‬
.‫ﻣﻴﭙﺬﻳﺮد‬
‫ روﺷﻬﺎي ﻛﺎرﺑﺮدي‬2-5-7
7.5.2 Methods of applications
The following thickening methods depending
on the type of sludge can be applied (see Table
3(for more detail refer to Waste water
Engineering Treatment and Reuse)):
‫روﺷﻬﺎي ﻏﻠﻴﻆ ﺳﺎزي ذﻳﻞ ﺑﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻮع ﻟﺠﻦ درﺧﻮاﺳﺘﻲ‬
‫ ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺤﺎت ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ‬3 ‫ )در ﺟﺪول‬.‫دارد‬
:(‫ﺗﺼﻔﻴﻪ و ﺑﺎز اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﭘﺴﺎب ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﮔﺮدد‬
- Gravity.
.(‫وزﻧﻲ )ﮔﺮاﻧﺸﻲ‬
-
- Dissolved air flotation.
.‫ﺷﻨﺎور ﺳﺎزي ﻫﻮاي ﻣﺤﻠﻮل‬
-
- Solid bowl centrifuge.
.‫ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﺟﺎﻣﺪ ﮔﺮﻳﺰ از ﻣﺮﻛﺰ‬
-
- Gravity belt thickener.
.‫ﺗﺴﻤﻪ ﮔﺮاﻧﺸﻲ ﻏﻠﻴﻆ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه‬
-
- Rotary drum thickener.
.‫ﻇﺮف دوراﻧﻲ ﻏﻠﻴﻆ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه‬
-
For gravity thickening, a circular tank shall be
used. Provisions for dilution water and occasional
chlorine addition shall be considered to improve
process performance.
‫ﺑﺮاي ﻏﻠﻴﻆ ﺳﺎزي ﮔﺮاﻧﺸﻲ ﻳﻚ ﻣﺨﺰن ﻣﺪور ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﻮرد‬
‫ ﺑﺮاي اﻧﺠﺎم ﺑﻬﺘﺮ ﻓﺮآﻳﻨﺪ ﺗﻤﻬﻴﺪات ﻻزم‬.‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻗﺮار ﮔﻴﺮد‬
‫ﺑﺮاي رﻗﻴﻖ ﺳﺎزي ﺑﺎ آب و اﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﻧﻤﻮدن ﻫﺮ از ﭼﻨﺪ ﮔﺎه ﻛﻠﺮ‬
.‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﻮد‬
For flotation type, only dissolved air flotation
shall be used. Higher loadings can be used with
flotation thickeners than are permissible with
gravity thickeners because of the rapid
separation of solids from the waste water.
‫ﺑﺮاي ﺷﻨﺎورﺳﺎزي ﺗﻨﻬﺎ از ﻧﻮع ﺷﻨﺎورﺳﺎزي ﻫﻮاي ﻣﺤﻠﻮل‬
‫ ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ اﻳﻦ روش ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ از روش وزﻧﻲ‬.‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﻮد‬
‫ﻣﺠﺎز اﺳﺖ ﭼﻮن ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺟﺪاﻳﻲ ﺟﺎﻣﺪات از ﭘﺴﺎب در اﻳﻦ‬
.‫روش زﻳﺎد اﺳﺖ‬
‫ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺎت ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ‬3-5-7
7.5.3 Design considerations
7.5.3.1 In designing thickening facilities, it is
important to provide adequate capacity to meet
peak demands and prevent septicity, with its
attendant odor problems, during the thickening
process
‫ ﺗﻌﺒﻴﻪ‬،‫ در ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺗﺎﺳﻴﺴﺎت ﺗﻐﻠﻴﻆ ﺳﺎزي‬1-3-5-7
7.5.3.2 To maintain aerobic conditions in
gravity thickeners, provisions should be made
for adding 24 to 30 m³/m².d of final effluent to
the thickening tank.
‫ ﺑﺮاي ﺣﻔﻆ ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﻫﻮازي در ﻏﻠﻴﻆ ﺳﺎزي‬2-3-5-7
7.5.3.3 Minimum solids loadings shall be used
for design of thickeners
‫ ﻛﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻴﺰان ﺑﺎر ﺟﺎﻣﺪات ﺑﺮاي ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ‬3-3-5-7
.‫ﻏﻠﻴﻆ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﻮد‬
7.5.3.4 The use of polymers as flotation aids is
effective in increasing the solids recovery in
the floated sludge and in reducing the recycle
loads.
‫ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﭘﻠﻴﻤﺮﻫﺎ ﺑﻌﻨﻮان ﻛﻤﻚ در‬4-3-5-7
‫ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﻛﺎﻓﻲ ﺑﺮاي ﻣﻮارد اوج ﺗﻘﺎﺿﺎ و اﺟﺘﻨﺎب از ﻋﻔﻮﻧﺖ‬
‫ﻫﻤﺮاه ﺑﺎ ﻣﺸﻜﻼت ﺑﻮي آن در ﻃﻮل ﻓﺮآﻳﻨﺪ ﺗﻐﻠﻴﻆ ﺳﺎزي‬
. ‫ﺑﺴﻴﺎر ﻣﻬﻢ اﺳﺖ‬
‫ ﺗﺎ‬24 ‫ﮔﺮاﻧﺸﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﺗﻤﻬﻴﺪاﺗﻲ ﺑﺮاي اﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﻛﺮدن ﻣﻴﺰان‬
‫ ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﻜﻌﺐ در ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ در روز از ﻣﻮاد ﺧﺮوﺟﻲ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ‬30
.‫ﺑﻪ ﻣﺨﺰن ﺗﻐﻠﻴﻆ در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ‬
‫ﺷﻨﺎورﺳﺎزي در اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﺑﺎزﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﺟﺎﻣﺪات از ﻟﺠﻦ ﻫﺎي‬
.‫ﺷﻨﺎور و ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي ﭼﺮﺧﺸﻲ ﻣﻮﺛﺮ اﺳﺖ‬
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Feb. 2010/ 1388 ‫ﺑﻬﻤﻦ‬
IPS-E-PR-735(1)
TABLE 3 - OCCURRENCE OF THICKENING METHODS IN SLUDGE PROCESSING
‫ روﺷﻬﺎي ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻏﻠﻴﻆ ﺳﺎزي در ﻓﺮآورش ﻟﺠﻦ‬-3 ‫ﺟﺪول‬
METHOD
‫روش‬
Gravity, co-settling in clarifier
‫ ﻫﻢ ﺗﻪ ﻧﺸﻴﻨﻲ در زﻻل ﻛﻨﻨﺪه‬، ‫ﮔﺮاﻧﺸﻲ‬
FREQUENCY OF USE AND RELATIVE
SUCCESS
TYPE OF SLUDGE
‫ﻧﻮع ﻟﺠﻦ‬
primary and waste
activated
‫ﻟﺠﻦ اوﻟﻴﻪ و زاﺋﺪات ﻓﻌﺎل ﺷﺪه‬
Untreated primary sludge
‫ﺗﻨﺎوب اﺳﺘﻔﺎده و ﻣﻮﻓﻘﻴﺖ ﻧﺴﺒﻲ‬
Occasional use; may negatively impact the effectiveness of primary
clarifier.
‫ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺖ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮات ﻣﻨﻔﻲ در اﺛﺮ ﺑﺨﺸﻲ زﻻل ﻛﻨﻨﺪه اوﻟﻴﻪ داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬، ‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﮔﻬﮕﺎه‬
Commonly used with excellent results.
Sometimes used with hydroclone degritting of sludge. Can be odorous
‫ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻً ﺑﺎ ﺑﻬﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده اﺳﺖ‬
‫ﻟﺠﻦ اوﻟﻴﻪ ﺑﺪون ﻓﺮآورش‬
.‫ﺑﻌﻀﻲ از ﻣﻮاﻗﻊ ﺑﺎ ﺷﻦ زداﻳﻲ از ﻟﺠﻦ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﻴﺸﻮد ﻛﻪ ﻣﻴﺘﻮاﻧﺪ ﻫﻤﺮاه ﺑﺎ ﺑﻮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
Gravity, thickening in separate
tank
‫ ﺗﻐﻠﻴﻆ ﻛﺮدن در ﻣﺨﺰن‬،‫ﮔﺮاﻧﺸﻲ‬
‫ﺟﺪاﮔﺎﻧﻪ‬
Untreated primary and
waste activated sludge
Often used. For small plants, generally satisfactory results with solids
concentrations in the range of 4 to 6%. For large plants, results are
marginal. Can be odorous in warm weather.
‫ﻟﺠﻦ اوﻟﻴﻪ ﺑﺪون ﺗﺼﻔﻴﻪ و ﻟﺠﻦ‬
‫ﻓﻌﺎل زاﺋﺪ‬
‫ در ﻛﺎرﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻛﻮﭼﻚ ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده اﺳﺖ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ رﺿﺎﻳﺖ ﺑﺨﺶ ﺑﺎ‬.‫اﻏﻠﺐ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد‬
‫ درﺻﺪ داﺷﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ ﺑﺮاي ﻛﺎرﺧﺎﻧﺠﺎت ﺑﺰرگ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ‬6 ‫ ﺗﺎ‬4 ‫ﺟﺎﻣﺪات در ﻣﺤﺪوده ﻏﻠﻈﺖ‬
.‫ ﺑﻮ دار اﺳﺖ‬،‫ در آب و ﻫﻮاي ﮔﺮم‬.‫اﺳﺖ رﺿﺎﻳﺖ ﺑﺨﺶ ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ‬
Waste activated sludge
Seldom used; poor solids concentration (2 to 3%).
(‫ درﺻﺪ‬3 ‫ ﺗﺎ‬2) ‫ ﺑﺮاي ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﻫﺎي ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﺟﺎﻣﺪ‬،‫ﺑﻪ ﻧﺪرت ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده اﺳﺖ‬
‫ﻟﺠﻦ ﻓﻌﺎل زاﺋﺪ‬
Untreated primary and
waste activated sludge
Dissolved-air flotation
‫ﺷﻨﺎورﺳﺎزي ﻫﻮاي ﻣﺤﻠﻮل‬
Waste activated sludge
‫ﻟﺠﻦ ﻓﻌﺎل زاﺋﺪ‬
Solid-bowl centrifuge
‫ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﺟﺎﻣﺪ ﮔﺮﻳﺰ از ﻣﺮﻛﺰ‬
Gravity belt thickener
‫ﺗﺴﻤﻪ ﮔﺮاﻧﺸﻲ ﺗﻐﻠﻴﻆ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه‬
Rotary drum thickener
‫ﻇﺮف دوراﻧﻲ ﺗﻐﻠﻴﻆ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه‬
Limited use; results similar to gravity thickeners.
.‫ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ ﺗﻐﻠﻴﻆ ﻛﻨﻨﺪهﻫﺎي ﮔﺮاﻧﺸﻲ اﺳﺖ‬،‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﺤﺪود‬
‫ﻟﺠﻦ اوﻟﻴﻪ ﺑﺪون ﺗﺼﻔﻴﻪ و ﻟﺠﻦ‬
‫ﻓﻌﺎل زاﺋﺪ‬
Waste activated sludge
‫ﻟﺠﻦ ﻓﻌﺎل زاﺋﺪ‬
Waste activated sludge
Commonly used; but use in decreasing because of high operating cost;
good results (3.5 to 5% solids concentration).
‫ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻً ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده اﺳﺖ وﻟﻲ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ان رو ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ اﺳﺖ ﭼﻮن ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺗﻲ‬
(‫ درﺻﺪ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺧﻮﺑﻲ دارد‬5 ‫ ﺗﺎ‬3/5) ‫ﺑﺎﻻﻳﻲ دارد ﺑﺮاي ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﻫﺎي‬
Often used in medium to large plants; good results (4 to 6% solids
concentration).
6 ‫ ﺗﺎ‬4) ‫ در ﻏﻠﻈﺖ‬.‫ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻً در ﻛﺎرﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ اﻧﺪازه ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﺗﺎ ﺑﺰرگ ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده اﺳﺖ‬
.‫درﺻﺪ( ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺧﻮﺑﻲ دارد‬
Often used; good results (3 to 6% solids concentration).
‫ﻟﺠﻦ ﻓﻌﺎل زاﺋﺪ‬
Waste activated sludge
.‫ درﺻﺪ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺧﻮﺑﻲ دارد‬6 ‫ ﺗﺎ‬3 ‫ در ﻏﻠﻈﺖ‬،‫اﻏﻠﺐ ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده اﺳﺖ‬
Limited use; good results (3 to 6% solids concentration).
.‫ درﺻﺪ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺧﻮﺑﻲ دارد‬6 ‫ ﺗﺎ‬3 ‫ از ﻏﻠﻈﺖ‬،‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﺤﺪود‬
‫ﻟﺠﻦ ﻓﻌﺎل زاﺋﺪ‬
‫ ﺗﺜﺒﻴﺖ‬6-7
‫ ﺣﺬف ﺑﻮﻫﺎ و‬،‫ﻟﺠﻦ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺮاي ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﺑﻴﻤﺎري زا‬
‫ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ و ﺣﺬف ﺗﻮان ﺗﻌﻔﻦ ﺑﺎﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﺗﺜﺒﻴﺖ‬،‫ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮي‬
‫ وﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﺑﺮاي ﺣﺬف ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﻧﺎﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ از ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺗﺜﺒﻴﺖ‬.‫ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
‫ﺳﺎزي ﺑﺮاي ﻣﺜﺎل ﺑﺮاي ﺗﺎﺳﻴﺴﺎت زﻳﺮ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﻮارد زﻳﺮ ﻣﻮرد‬
:‫ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻗﺮار ﮔﻴﺮد‬
7.6 Stabilization
Sludges are stabilized to reduce pathogens,
eliminate offensive odors and inhibit, reduce,
or eliminate the potential for putrefaction. The
means to eliminate the nuisance conditions
through stabilization such as the following
facilities shall be taken into consideration.
26
Feb. 2010/ 1388 ‫ﺑﻬﻤﻦ‬
IPS-E-PR-735(1)
a) The biological reduction of volatile
content.
.‫اﻟﻒ( ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺑﻴﻮﻟﻮژﻳﻜﻲ ﻣﺤﺘﻮﻳﺎت ﻓﺮار‬
b) The chemical oxidation of volatile
matter.
.‫ب ( اﻛﺴﻴﺪاﺳﻴﻮن ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﻮاد ﻓﺮار‬
c) The addition of chemicals to the sludge
to render it unsuitable for the survival
of microorganisms.
‫ج( اﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﻛﺮدن ﻣﻮاد ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻟﺠﻦ ﺑﺮاي‬
d) The application of heat to disinfect or
sterilized the sludge.
.‫د ( اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﮔﺮﻣﺎ ﺑﺮاي ﺿﺪﻋﻔﻮﻧﻲ ﻛﺮدن ﻟﺠﻦ‬
.‫ﻧﺎﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻛﺮدن ﺑﻘﺎي ﻣﻴﻜﺮوارﮔﺎﻧﻴﺴﻢ ﻫﺎ‬
‫ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺎت ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ‬1-6-7
7.6.1 Design considerations
7.6.1.1 When designing a sludge stabilization
process, the following factors have to be taken
into consideration:
‫ ﺑﺮاي ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﻓﺮآﻳﻨﺪ ﺗﺜﺒﻴﺖ ﺳﺎزي ﻟﺠﻦ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬1-1-6-7
:‫ﻧﻜﺎت زﻳﺮ ﻣﻮرد ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻗﺮار ﮔﻴﺮد‬
a) Sludge quantity to be treated;
‫اﻟﻒ( ﻣﻘﺪار ﻟﺠﻦ ﻣﻮﺟﻮد ﺑﺮاي ﺗﺼﻔﻴﻪ؛‬
b) The integration of the stabilization
process with the other treatment Units;
‫ب ( ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﻓﺮآﻳﻨﺪ ﺗﺜﺒﻴﺖ ﺑﺎ دﻳﮕﺮ ﻓﺮآﻳﻨﺪﻫﺎي ﺗﺼﻔﻴﻪ؛‬
c) The objectives of the stabilization
process.
.‫ج ( اﻫﺪاف ﻓﺮآﻳﻨﺪ ﺗﺜﺒﻴﺖ‬
7.6.1.2 The following sludge stabilization
processes shall be considered and most suitable
technology conforming with the respective
Environmental Regulations shall be selected.
‫ ﻓﺮآﻳﻨﺪ ﺗﺜﺒﻴﺖ ﺳﺎزي ﻟﺠﻦ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﻮرد ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻗﺮار‬2-1-6-7
‫ﮔﻴﺮد ﺑﺎ و ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮژي و ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻘﺮرات‬
.‫ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ زﻳﺴﺖ ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
a) Alkaline stabilization usually with
lime.
.‫اﻟﻒ( ﺗﺜﺒﻴﺖ ﺳﺎزي ﻗﻠﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻً ﺑﺎ آﻫﻚ‬
b) Anaerobic digestion.
.‫ب( ﺗﺨﻤﻴﺮ ﺑﻲ ﻫﻮازي‬
c) Aerobic
digestion,
including
autothermal, thermophilic aerobic
digestion
‫ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺧﻮد ﮔﺮﻣﺎﻳﻲ ﺗﺨﻤﻴﺮ ﻫﻮازي‬،‫ج( ﺗﺨﻤﻴﺮ ﻫﻮازي‬
‫ﮔﺮﻣﺎدوﺳﺖ‬
d) Composting.
‫د ( ﻛﻮد ﺳﺎزي‬
7.6.2 Lime stabilization
‫ ﺗﺜﺒﻴﺖ ﺑﺎ آﻫﻚ‬2-6-7
7.6.2.1 Sufficient lime shall be added to
untreated sludge to raise the pH to 12 or
higher. The methods concerned shall be
evaluated for proper place of lime injection.
‫ ﻣﻘﺪار ﻛﺎﻓﻲ آﻫﻚ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻟﺠﻦ ﺗﺼﻔﻴﻪ ﻧﺸﺪه‬1-2-6-7
7.6.2.2 The minimum criteria for lime
stabilization in lime pre-treatment method is
that to maintain the pH above 12 for about two
hours so as to ensure pathogen destruction and
to provide enough residual alkalinity so that
‫ ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﻣﻌﻴﺎر ﺑﺮاي ﺗﺜﺒﻴﺖ ﺑﺎ آﻫﻚ در روش‬2-2-6-7
‫ روﺷﻬﺎي‬.‫ ﻳﺎ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺑﺒﺮد‬12 ‫ آن را ﺗﺎ‬pH ‫اﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﮔﺮدد ﺗﺎ‬
‫ﻣﻮرد ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﺤﻞ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺗﺰرﻳﻖ آﻫﻚ‬
.‫ارزﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
12 ‫ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ از‬pH ‫ ﻧﮕﻬﺪاري ﻋﺪد‬،‫ﭘﻴﺶ ﺗﺼﻔﻴﻪ ﺑﺎ آﻫﻚ‬
‫ ﺗﺎ اﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎن ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺷﻮد ﻛﻪ‬، ‫ ﺳﺎﻋﺖ اﺳﺖ‬2 ‫ﺑﺮاي ﺣﺪود‬
‫ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﺑﻴﻤﺎري زا از ﺑﻴﻦ رﻓﺘﻪ و ﻣﻘﺪار ﻛﺎﻓﻲ ﻗﻠﻴﺎﺋﻴﺖ ﺑﺎﻗﻲ‬
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IPS-E-PR-735(1)
the pH does not drop below 11 for several
days.
‫ ﺑﺮاي‬11 ‫ﺑﻪ زﻳﺮ‬
7.6.2.3 Testing should be preformed for
specific applications to determine the actual
dosage requirements.
‫ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﻣﻲﮔﺮدد در ﻛﺎرﺑﺮدﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺼﻮص‬3-2-6-7
7.6.2.4 Because lime stabilization does not
destroy the organic necessary for bacteria
growth, the sludge must be treated with an
excess of lime or disposed of before the pH
drops significantly. An excess dosage of lime
may range up to 1.5 times the amount needed
to maintain the initial pH of 12.
‫ ﺑﻌﻠﺖ اﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﺗﺜﺒﻴﺖ ﺑﺎ آﻫﻚ ﻣﻮاد آﻟﻲ ﺿﺮوري‬4-2-6-7
7.6.2.5 Post-lime stabilization has several
significant advantages when compared to prelime stabilization such as:
‫ﺗﺜﺒﻴﺖ ﺑﺎ آﻫﻚ داراي ﭼﻨﺪﻳﻦ ﻣﺰﻳﺖ‬-‫ ﭘﺲ‬5-2-6-7
pH ‫ﻣﺎﻧﺪه ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ ﺷﻮد ﺗﺎ از ﻛﺎﻫﺶ‬
.‫ﭼﻨﺪﻳﻦ روز ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮي ﻛﻨﺪ‬
.‫ آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﻮد‬،‫ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﻴﺰان واﻗﻌﻲ ﺗﺰرﻳﻖ‬
‫ﺑﺮاي رﺷﺪ ﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮي ﻫﺎ را از ﺑﻴﻦ ﻧﻤﻲﺑﺮد ﻟﺠﻦ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻗﺒﻞ از‬
‫ ﺑﺎ آﻫﻚ اﺿﺎﻓﻲ ﺗﺼﻔﻴﻪ ﺷﺪه ﻳﺎ دﻓﻊ‬pH ‫ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ‬
‫ ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﻣﻘﺪار‬1/5 ‫ ﺗﺰرﻳﻖ آﻫﻚ اﺿﺎﻓﻲ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺖ ﺗﺎ‬.‫ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
.‫ اوﻟﻴﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬12 pH ‫آﻫﻚ ﻻزم ﺑﺮاي ﻧﮕﻬﺪاري‬
‫ﺗﺜﺒﻴﺖ ﺑﺎ آﻫﻚ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ‬-‫ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ در ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ ﭘﻴﺶ‬
:‫ﻋﺒﺎرﺗﻨﺪ از‬
a) Dry lime can be used; therefore, no
additional water is added to the
dewatered sludge;
‫ ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﻳﻦ آب‬.‫اﻟﻒ( از آﻫﻚ ﺧﺸﻚ ﻣﻴﺘﻮان اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻛﺮد‬
b) there are no special requirements for
dewatering;
‫ب ( ﺑﻪ اﻟﺰاﻣﺎت ﺧﺎص ﺑﺮاي آﺑﮕﻴﺮي ﻧﻴﺎز ﻧﻴﺴﺖ؛‬
‫اﺿﺎﻓﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻟﺠﻦ آﺑﮕﻴﺮي ﺷﺪه اﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﻧﻤﻴﺸﻮد؛‬
c) scaling problems and associated
maintenance problems of lime sludge
dewatering equipment are eliminated.
‫ﻣﺸﻜﻼت رﺳﻮب دﻫﻲ و ﻣﺸﻜﻼت ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮاﺗﻲ‬
(‫ج‬
‫ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ در ﻣﻮرد ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات آﺑﮕﻴﺮي از ﻟﺠﻦ‬
.‫ﺣﺬف ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
7.6.2.6 Adequate mixing shall be provided for
a post-lime stabilization system so as to avoid
pockets of putrescible material.
‫ﺗﺜﺒﻴﺖ‬-‫ ﻣﺨﻠﻮط ﻛﺮدن ﻛﺎﻓﻲ ﺑﺮاي ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﭘﺲ‬6-2-6-7
‫ﺑﺎ آﻫﻚ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﻮد ﺗﺎ از اﻳﺠﺎد ﺗﻮده ﻣﻮاد‬
.‫ﮔﻨﺪﻳﺪه ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮي ﻛﻨﺪ‬
‫ ﺗﺨﻤﻴﺮ ﻏﻴﺮﻫﻮازي ﻟﺠﻦ‬3-6-7
7.6.3 Anaerobic sludge digestion
7.6.3.1 The following processes can be
investigated for proper process selection based
on the sludge concentration, rate and
characteristics.
‫ ﻓﺮآﻳﻨﺪﻫﺎي زﻳﺮ را ﻣﻴﺘﻮان ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﻗﺮار‬1-3-6-7
‫ ﻣﻴﺰان و ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت‬،‫داد و ﺑﻬﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻓﺮآﻳﻨﺪ را ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس ﻏﻠﻈﺖ‬
:‫ﻟﺠﻦ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﻧﻤﻮد‬
a) Standard-rate digestion.
. ‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬-‫اﻟﻒ( ﺗﺨﻤﻴﺮ ﺑﺎ ﻧﺮخ‬
b) Single stage high-rate digestion.
.‫ﺑﺎﻻ‬-‫ب ( ﺗﺨﻤﻴﺮ ﺗﻚ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪاي ﺑﺎ ﻧﺮخ‬
c) Two stage digestion.
.‫ج ( ﺗﺨﻤﻴﺮ دو ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪاي‬
d) Separate sludge digestion.
.‫د ( ﺗﺨﻤﻴﺮ ﺟﺪاﮔﺎﻧﻪ ﻟﺠﻦ‬
7.6.3.2 The design shall be based on:
:‫ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس ﻧﻜﺎت زﻳﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬2-3-6-7
a) The concept of solid retention time;
‫اﻟﻒ( زﻣﺎن ﻧﮕﻬﺪاري ﺟﺎﻣﺪات؛‬
b) The use of volumetric loading factors;
‫ب ( اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﺑﺎر ﮔﺬاري ﺣﺠﻤﻲ ؛‬
28
Feb. 2010/ 1388 ‫ﺑﻬﻤﻦ‬
IPS-E-PR-735(1)
c) Volatile solid destruction;
‫ج ( ﺗﺨﺮﻳﺐ ﺟﺎﻣﺪات ﻓﺮار؛‬
d) Observed volume reduction; and
‫ و‬،‫د ( ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺣﺠﻢ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﺷﺪه‬
e) Loading factors based on population.
.‫ﻫ( ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﺑﺎرﮔﺬاري ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ‬
7.6.3.3 Anaerobic digester design data shall be
according to Table 4(for more detail refer to
Waste water Engineering Treatment and
Reuse) below:
‫ دادهﻫﺎي ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﻳﻚ ﺗﺨﻤﻴﺮ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺑﻲ‬3-3-6-7
‫ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ )ﺑﺮاي ﺟﺰﻳﻴﺎت ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ‬4 ‫ﻫﻮازي ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس ﺟﺪول‬
‫ ﺗﺼﻔﻴﻪ و ﺑﺎز اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﭘﺴﺎب" ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ‬، ‫ﺑﻪ "ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ‬
:(‫ﮔﺮدد‬
TABLE 4 - ANAEROBIC DIGESTER DESIGN DATA
‫ دادهﻫﺎي ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺗﺨﻤﻴﺮ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺑﻲ ﻫﻮازي‬-4 ‫ﺟﺪول‬
VALUE
PARAMETER
‫اﻧﺪازه‬
‫ﭘﺎراﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎ‬
Number of tanks
Solids retention time
Mesophilic
‫ﺗﻌﺪاد ﻣﺨﺎزن‬
Multiple desired
‫ﺑﻪ ﺗﻌﺪاد دﻟﺨﻮاه‬
‫زﻣﺎن ﻧﮕﻬﺪاري ﺟﺎﻣﺪات‬
‫ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ ﻣﻌﺘﺪل‬
Thermophilic
‫ﮔﺮﻣﺎدوﺳﺖ‬
20-60 days
‫ روز‬60-20
10-20 days
‫ روز‬20-10
Temperature
‫دﻣﺎ‬
Mesophilic
‫ﻣﻴﺎن دوﺳﺖ‬
Thermophilic
‫ﮔﺮﻣﺎدوﺳﺖ‬
10-35°C
‫ درﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮاد‬35-10
50-57°C
‫ درﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮاد‬57-50
Volume allowance
Volatile suspended solids loading
‫ﺣﺠﻢ ﻣﺠﺎز‬
‫ﺑﺎرﮔﺬاري ﺟﺎﻣﺪات ﻣﻌﻠﻖ ﻓﺮار‬
pH range
Digested sludge solids concentration
pH ‫داﻣﻨﻪ‬
‫ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﺟﺎﻣﺪات ﻟﺠﻦ ﺗﺨﻤﻴﺮ ﺷﺪه‬
0.001-0.01m³/capacity/day
0.64-6.4 kg/m³/day
6.6-7.6
4-6 percent ‫درﺻﺪ‬
‫ ﺗﺨﻤﻴﺮ ﻟﺠﻦ ﻫﻮازي‬4-6-7
7.6.4 Aerobic sludge digestion
7.6.4.1 The following factors shall be considered
in design of aerobic sludge digesters:
‫ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ زﻳﺮ در ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺗﺨﻤﻴﺮﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﻟﺠﻦ ﻫﻮازي‬1-4-6-7
:‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
a) Temperature.
.‫اﻟﻒ( دﻣﺎ‬
b) Solids reduction.
.‫ب ( ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺟﺎﻣﺪات‬
c) Tank volume (hydraulic retention time).
.(‫ج ( ﺣﺠﻢ ﻣﺨﺰن )زﻣﺎن ﻧﮕﻬﺪاري ﻫﻴﺪروﻟﻴﻜﻲ‬
d) Oxygen requirements.
.‫د ( ﻧﻴﺎزﻣﻨﺪي ﺑﻪ اﻛﺴﻴﮋن‬
e) Energy requirements for mixing.
.‫ﻫ( ﻧﻴﺎزﻣﻨﺪي ﺑﻪ اﻧﺮژي ﺑﺮاي اﺧﺘﻼط‬
29
Feb. 2010/ 1388 ‫ﺑﻬﻤﻦ‬
f) Process operation.
.‫و ( ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت ﻓﺮآﻳﻨﺪي‬
7.6.4.2 Advantages and disadvantages of aerobic
digestion:
:‫ ﻣﺰاﻳﺎ و ﻣﻌﺎﻳﺐ ﺗﺨﻤﻴﺮ ﻫﻮازي‬2-4-6-7
:‫اﻟﻒ( ﻣﺰاﻳﺎ‬
a) Advantages:
- Simplicity
of
maintenance.
IPS-E-PR-735(1)
operation
and
.‫ ﺳﺎده ﺑﻮدن ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت و ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮات‬-
- Lower capital costs.
.‫ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪ ﮔﺬاري ﻛﻤﺘﺮ‬-
- Lower BOD and total phosphorous in
supernatant.
.‫ و ﻓﺴﻔﺮ ﻛﻞ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ در ﻣﻮاد ﺷﻨﺎور‬BOD -
- Few effects from loading, pH and toxic
interference.
.‫ و ﻣﻮاد ﺳﻤﻲ‬pH ،‫ اﺛﺮات ﻛﻢ از ﺗﺪاﺧﻞ ﺑﺎرﮔﻴﺮي‬-
- Insignificant odors.
.‫ ﺑﻮه ﻧﺎﭼﻴﺰ‬-
- Non-explosive.
.‫ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ اﻧﻔﺠﺎر‬-
- Reduces grease and hexane solubles
.‫ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﮔﺮﻳﺲ و ﻣﻮاد ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺣﻞ در ﻫﮕﺰان‬-
- Better sludge fertilizer.
.‫ ﻛﻮد ﻟﺠﻦ ﺑﻬﺘﺮ‬-
- Shorter retention periods.
.‫ دورهﻫﺎي ﻧﮕﻬﺪاري ﻛﻮﺗﺎﻫﺘﺮ‬-
- Excellent small plant alternative
.‫ ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺰﻳﻦ ﻋﺎﻟﻲ ﺑﺮاي ﻛﺎرﺧﺎﻧﺠﺎت ﻛﻮﭼﻚ‬‫ب( ﻣﻌﺎﻳﺐ‬
b) Disadvantages
- Higher operating costs.
.‫ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺗﻲ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ‬-
- Highly sensitive to ambient temperature.
.‫ ﺣﺴﺎﺳﻴﺖ ﺷﺪﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ درﺟﻪ ﺣﺮارت ﻣﺤﻴﻂ‬-
- No useful by-products.
.‫ ﺑﺪون ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻت ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻲ ﻣﻔﻴﺪ‬-
- Variable dewaterability.
.‫ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ آﺑﺪﻫﻲ ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮ‬-
- Lower volatile solids reduction.
.‫ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺟﺎﻣﺪات ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﻓﺮار‬-
- Questionable economic for larger plants.
.‫ ﺻﺮﻓﻪ اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي ﻣﺒﻬﻢ ﺑﺮاي ﻛﺎرﺧﺎﻧﺠﺎت ﺑﺰرﮔﺘﺮ‬-
7.6.4.3 Aerobic digester design data shall be
according to Table 5 below (for more detail refer
to Waste water Engineering Treatment and
Reuse):
‫ اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺗﺨﻤﻴﺮ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﻫﻮازي ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬3-4-6-7
، ‫ زﻳﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ )ﺑﺮاي ﺟﺰﻳﻴﺎت ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﻪ "ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ‬5 ‫ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﺟﺪول‬
:(‫ﺗﺼﻔﻴﻪ و ﺑﺎز اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﭘﺴﺎب" ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﮔﺮدد‬
30
Feb. 2010/ 1388 ‫ﺑﻬﻤﻦ‬
IPS-E-PR-735(1)
TABLE 5 - AEROBIC DIGESTER DESIGN DATA
‫ اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺗﺨﻤﻴﺮﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﻫﺎي ﻫﻮازي‬-5 ‫ﺟﺪول‬
VALUE
PARAMETER
‫ﻣﻘﺪار‬
‫ﭘﺎراﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎ‬
Number of tanks
‫ﺗﻌﺪاد ﻣﺨﺎزن‬
Multiple desired
‫ﺑﻪ ﺗﻌﺪاد دﻟﺨﻮاه‬
Solids retention time at 20°C
‫ درﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮاد‬20 ‫زﻣﺎن ﻧﮕﻬﺪاري ﺟﺎﻣﺪات در‬
- Primary sludge
‫ ﻟﺠﻦ اوﻟﻴﻪ‬-
15-20 days
‫ روز‬20-15
- Primary and activated sludge or trickling filter sludge
‫ ﻟﺠﻦ اوﻟﻴﻪ و ﻓﻌﺎل ﺷﺪه ﻳﺎ ﻟﺠﻦ ﺻﺎﻓﻲ ﭼﻜﻨﺪه‬- Waste activated sludge only
‫ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻟﺠﻦ ﻓﻌﺎل ﺷﺪه زاﺋﺪ‬-
15-20 days
‫ روز‬20-15
10-15 days
‫ روز‬15-10
- Waste activated sludge without primary settling
12-18 days
‫ ﻟﺠﻦ ﻓﻌﺎل ﺷﺪه زاﺋﺪ ﺑﺪون ﺗﻪ ﻧﺸﻴﻨﻲ اوﻟﻴﻪ‬Volume allowance
‫ﺣﺠﻢ ﻣﺠﺎز‬
Volatile suspended solids loading
‫ﺑﺎزﮔﺬاري ﺟﺎﻣﺪات ﻣﻌﻠﻖ ﻓﺮار‬
Minimum dissolved oxygen
‫ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ اﻛﺴﻴﮋن ﻣﺤﻠﻮل‬
Oxygen requirements
‫اﻟﺰاﻣﺎت اﻛﺴﻴﮋن‬
- Destroy cell tissue
‫ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻟﺠﻦ اوﻟﻴﻪ‬-
Diffusion aeration
- Mixed or other sludges
0.8-0.11 m³/capacity/day
1.6-4.8 kg/m³/day
1-2 mg/L
2:1
‫ ﺗﺨﺮﻳﺐ ﺑﺎﻓﺖ ﺳﻠﻮﻟﻲ‬-
- Reduce primary sludge
- Waste activated sludge only
‫ روز‬18-12
1.6:1-1.9:1
‫اﻧﺘﺸﺎر ﻫﻮادﻫﻲ‬
‫ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻟﺠﻦ ﻓﻌﺎل ﺷﺪه زاﺋﺪ‬-
20-30m³/min/1000 m³
‫ ﻣﺨﻠﻮط ﻳﺎ ﻟﺠﻦ ﻫﺎي دﻳﮕﺮ‬-
Over 60 m³/min/1000 m³
60 m³/min/1000 m³ ‫ﺑﻴﺶ از‬
Mechanical aeration
‫ﻫﻮادﻫﻲ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ‬
20-40 kW/1000m³
‫ ﻛﻮدﺳﺎزي‬5-6-7
7.6.5 Composting
7.6.5.1 The composting process involves the
complex destruction of organic material coupled
with the production of humic acid to produce a
stabilized end product.
‫ ﻓﺮآﻳﻨﺪ ﻛﻮد ﺳﺎزي ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﺨﺮﻳﺐ ﭘﻴﭽﻴﺪه ﻣﻮاد‬1-5-6-7
‫آﻟﻲ ﻫﻤﺮاه ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ اﺳﻴﺪ ﮔﻴﺎ ﺧﺎﻛﻲ ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻣﺤﺼﻮل ﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ‬
.‫ﺗﺜﺒﻴﺖ ﺷﺪه ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﺪ‬
7.6.5.2 The major types of composting systems
used are the aerated static pile, window, and invessel (enclosed mechanical) systems. Aerated
static pile is preferred.
،‫ اﻧﻮاع اﺻﻠﻲ ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﻛﻮدﺳﺎزي ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬2-5-6-7
7.6.5.3 The compost mix should be at least 40
percent dry solids to ensure adequate composting.
‫ ﻣﺨﻠﻮط ﻛﻮدي ﺑﺮاي اﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎن از ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻛﻮد‬3-5-6-7
7.6.5.4 The following important factors shall be
determined/clarified for the design of composting
system.
‫ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻣﻬﻢ زﻳﺮ در ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﻛﻮد ﺳﺎزي ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬4-5-6-7
‫ درﻳﭽﻪ و ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎي درون ﻇﺮﻓﻲ‬،‫ﺳﺘﻮن ﻫﻮادﻫﻲ اﺳﺘﺎﺗﻴﻜﻲ‬
‫ ﺳﺘﻮن ﻫﻮادﻫﻲ اﺳﺘﺎﺗﻴﻜﻲ‬.‫)ﺿﻤﻴﻤﻪ ﺷﺪه ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ( ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
.‫ﺗﺮﺟﻴﺢ داده ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ‬
‫ درﺻﺪ ﺟﺎﻣﺪات ﺧﺸﻚ داﺷﺘﻪ‬40 ‫ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺎﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ‬
.‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
:‫ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬/‫ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ‬
- Type of sludge.
.‫ ﻧﻮع ﻟﺠﻦ‬31
Feb. 2010/ 1388 ‫ﺑﻬﻤﻦ‬
- Amendments and bulking agents.
IPS-E-PR-735(1)
.‫ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ اﺻﻼﺣﺎت و ﺗﻮده ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺣﺠﻢ‬.‫ ﻧﻴﺘﺮوژن‬- ‫ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﻛﺮﺑﻦ‬-
- Carbon-nitrogen ratio.
- Volatile solids.
.‫ ﺟﺎﻣﺪات ﻓﺮار‬-
- Air requirements.
.‫ ﻧﻴﺎزﻣﻨﺪي ﺑﻪ ﻫﻮا‬-
- Moisture content.
.‫ ﻣﻘﺪار رﻃﻮﺑﺖ‬-
- pH.
.pH -
- Temperature.
.‫ دﻣﺎ‬-
- Mixing and turning.
.‫ ﻣﺨﻠﻮط ﻛﺮدن و ﭼﺮﺧﺎﻧﺪن‬-
- Heavy metals and trace organic.
.‫ ﻓﻠﺰات ﺳﻨﮕﻴﻦ و ﻣﻮاد آﻟﻲ ﻧﺎﭼﻴﺰ‬-
- Site constraints.
‫ ﻣﺤﺪودﻳﺖﻫﺎي ﻣﺤﻞ‬‫ اﺻﻼح‬7-7
7.7 Conditioning
7.7.1 Sludge shall be conditioned to improve its
dewatering characteristics if required. Based on
the economical and technical evaluation of the
conditions existed, a suitable conditioning
method such as addition of chemicals, heat
treatment, irradiation, or solvent extraction shall
be used. The heat treatment process is most
applicable to biological sludges that may be
difficult to stabilize or condition by other means.
‫ در ﺻﻮرت ﻧﻴﺎز ﻟﺠﻦ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺮاي ﺑﻬﺒﻮد ﺧﻮاص آﺑﮕﻴﺮي‬1-7-7
‫ اﺻﻼح ﻫﺎي‬،‫ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ارزﻳﺎﺑﻲﻫﺎي اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي و ﻓﻨﻲ‬.‫اﺻﻼح ﺷﻮد‬
‫ ﻳﻚ روش ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ اﺻﻼح ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ اﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﻛﺮدن ﻣﻮاد‬،‫ﻣﻮﺟﻮد‬
‫ ﭘﺮﺗﻮاﻓﻜﻨﻲ ﻳﺎ اﺳﺘﺨﺮاج ﺣﻼل ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬،‫ ﻓﺮآورش ﮔﺮﻣﺎﻳﻲ‬، ‫ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ‬
،‫ ﻓﺮآﻳﻨﺪ ﺗﺼﻔﻴﻪ ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ ﺑﺮاي ﻟﺠﻦﻫﺎي ﺑﻴﻮﻟﻮژﻳﻜﻲ‬.‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻛﺮد‬
‫ﻛﻪ ﺗﺜﺒﻴﺖ و اﺻﻼح آﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﻪ وﺳﻴﻠﻪ روﺷﻬﺎي دﻳﮕﺮ ﺧﻴﻠﻲ ﺳﺨﺖ‬
.‫ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻛﺎرﺑﺮدي را دارد‬،‫اﺳﺖ‬
7.7.2 Intimate admixing of sludge and coagulant
shall be made in chemical conditioning process
for proper conditioning.
‫ ﻣﺨﻠﻮط ﻛﺮدن ﺑﻨﻴﺎدي ﻟﺠﻦ و‬،‫ ﺑﺮاي اﺻﻼح ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ‬2-7-7
The mixing must not break the floc after it has
formed, and the detention should be kept to a
minimum so that sludge reaches the dewatering
Unit as soon after conditioning as possible.
‫ﻓﺮآﻳﻨﺪ ﻣﺨﻠﻮط ﻛﺮدن ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ اﻧﻌﻘﺎدﻫﺎ را ﺑﻌﺪ از ﺷﻜﻞ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ‬
‫ﺑﺸﻜﻨﺪ و زﻣﺎن ﻧﮕﻬﺪاري ﺑﺎﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﺑﺮﺳﺪ ﺗﺎ ﻟﺠﻦ ﺑﻌﺪ از‬
.‫اﺻﻼح ﺳﺎزي ﺳﺮﻳﻌﺎً ﺑﻪ واﺣﺪ آﺑﮕﻴﺮي ﺑﺮﺳﺪ‬
7.7.3 Heat treatment involves heating the sludge
for short periods of time under pressure. The
treatment coagulates the solids, break down the
gel structure and reduces the water affinity of
sludge solids
‫ ﺗﺼﻔﻴﻪ ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺣﺮارت دادن ﻟﺠﻦ در ﻳﻚ‬3-7-7
.‫اﻧﻌﻘﺎد ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺑﺎﻳﺪ در ﻓﺮآﻳﻨﺪ اﺻﻼح ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ اﻧﺠﺎم ﮔﻴﺮد‬
‫ ﺗﺼﻔﻴﻪ ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﻟﺨﺘﻪ‬.‫دوره ﻛﻮﺗﺎه ﺗﺤﺖ ﻓﺸﺎر اﺳﺖ‬
‫ ﺷﻜﺴﺘﻪ ﺷﺪن ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎرﻫﺎي ژﻟﻪاي و ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﻴﻞ‬،‫ﺷﺪن ﺟﺎﻣﺪات‬
.‫ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﻲ ﺟﺎﻣﺪات ﻟﺠﻦ ﺑﺎ آب ﻣﻲ ﮔﺮدد‬
7.7.3.1 Heat treatment which is classified also as
conditioning process shall be designed for
continuous process and shall consider heating of
the sludge in a pressure vessel to temperatures up
to 260°C at pressures up to 2760 kPa (ga) for
short periods of time (approximately 30 minutes).
‫ ﺗﺼﻔﻴﻪ ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ ﺟﺰء ﻃﺒﻘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪي ﻓﺮآﻳﻨﺪ اﺻﻼح‬1-3-7-7
‫اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺮاي ﻓﺮآﻳﻨﺪ ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺷﻮد و در ﮔﺮم‬
‫ درﺟﻪ‬260 ‫ﻛﺮدن ﻟﺠﻦ در ﻇﺮف ﺗﺤﺖ ﻓﺸﺎر ﺑﺎﻳﺪ دﻣﺎ ﺗﺎ‬
‫ ﻛﻴﻠﻮﭘﺎﺳﻜﺎل در ﻣﺪت ﻛﻮﺗﺎﻫﻲ‬2760 ‫ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮاد ﺑﺎ ﻓﺸﺎر‬
.‫ دﻗﻴﻘﻪ( اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﻳﺎﺑﺪ‬30ً‫)ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﺎ‬
32
Feb. 2010/ 1388 ‫ﺑﻬﻤﻦ‬
7.7.3.2 Advantages for heat treatment process are
as follows:
IPS-E-PR-735(1)
:‫ ﻣﺰاﻳﺎي ﻓﺮآﻳﻨﺪ ﺗﺼﻔﻴﻪ ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ ﻋﺒﺎرﺗﻨﺪ از‬2-3-7-7
a) The solids content of the dewatered
sludge can range from 30 to 50 percent,
depending on the degree of oxidation
achieved;
‫ ﺑﺴﺘﮕﻲ‬،‫اﻟﻒ( ﻣﺤﺘﻮﻳﺎت ﺟﺎﻣﺪ در ﻟﺠﻦ آب ﮔﻴﺮي ﺷﺪه‬
b) The processed sludge does not normally
require chemical conditioning
‫ب ( ﻟﺠﻦ ﺗﺼﻔﻴﻪ ﺷﺪه ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻً ﻧﻴﺎز ﺑﻪ اﺻﻼح ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ‬
c) The process stabilizes sludge and will
destroy most pathogenic organisms;
‫ ﻟﺠﻦ را ﺗﺜﺒﻴﺖ ﻧﻤﻮده و اﻏﻠﺐ ارﮔﺎﻧﻴﺴﻢ‬،‫ج ( ﺗﺼﻔﻴﻪ‬
d) The processed sludge will have a heating
value of 28 to 30 kJ/g of volatile solids;
‫ ﺗﺎ‬28 ‫د ( ﻟﺠﻦ ﺗﺼﻔﻴﻪ ﺷﺪه ﻟﺠﻨﻲ داراي ارزش ﮔﺮﻣﺎﻳﻲ‬
e) The process is relatively insensitive to
changes in sludge composition.
‫ﻫ( ﻓﺮآﻳﻨﺪ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻً ﺑﻪ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﺎت ﻟﺠﻦ ﺣﺴﺎس‬
30 ‫ﺑﻪ درﺻﺪ اﻛﺴﻴﺪاﺳﻴﻮن اﻧﺠﺎم ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻣﻲﺗﻮاﻧﺪ‬
.‫ درﺻﺪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬50 ‫ﺗﺎ‬
.‫ﻧﺪارد‬
.‫ﻫﺎي ﺑﻴﻤﺎري زا را از ﺑﻴﻦ ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ ﺑﺮد‬
.‫ ﺟﺎﻣﺪات ﻓﺮار ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬kJ/g 30
.‫ﻧﻤﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
7.7.3.3 The major disadvantages are:
:‫ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﺐ ﻋﻤﺪه ﻋﺒﺎرﺗﻨﺪ از‬3-3-7-7
a) High capital cost;
‫اﻟﻒ( ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪ ﮔﺬاري ﺑﺎﻻ؛‬
b) Close supervision, skilled operators and a
strong preventative maintenance program
are required;
‫ ﻣﺘﺼﺪﻳﺎن ﻣﺎﻫﺮ واﺣﺪ و ﻳﻚ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ‬،‫ب ( ﻧﻈﺎرت ﻧﺰدﻳﻚ‬
c) The process produces sidestreams with
high concentrations of organic, ammonia
nitrogen and color;
‫ج( ﻓﺮآﻳﻨﺪ ﺗﺼﻔﻴﻪ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻧﻬﺎي ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻲ داراي ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﺑﺎﻻﻳﻲ‬
d) Significant odorous gases are produced
that require extensive containment,
treatment, and/or destruction.
‫د ( ﮔﺎزﻫﺎي ﺑﻮدار ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻮﺟﻬﻲ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻣﻴﺸﻮد ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮاي‬
e) Scale formation in the heat exchangers,
pipes and reactor requires acid washing
or high pressure water jets.
‫ ﻟﻮﻟﻪﻫﺎ و‬،‫ﻫ( ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ رﺳﻮب در ﻣﺒﺪلﻫﺎي ﮔﺮﻣﺎﻳﻲ‬
‫ﻗﻮي ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮات ﭘﻴﺸﮕﻴﺮاﻧﻪ ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻴﺎز اﺳﺖ؛‬
‫ ﻧﻴﺘﺮوژن آﻣﻮﻧﻴﺎﻛﻲ و رﻧﮓ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ؛‬،‫از ﻣﻮاد آﻟﻲ‬
‫ ﻳﺎ از ﺑﻴﻦ ﺑﺮدن‬/ ‫دﻓﻊ زﻳﺎد آﻧﻬﺎ ﻧﻴﺎز ﺑﻪ ﺗﺼﻔﻴﻪ و‬
.‫ﮔﺴﺘﺮدهاي ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫راﻛﺘﻮرﻫﺎ ﻧﻴﺎز ﺑﻪ ﺷﺴﺘﺸﻮي اﺳﻴﺪي ﻳﺎ ﺟﺖ ﻫﺎي‬
.‫ﻓﺸﺎر ﺑﺎﻻي آب دارد‬
‫ ﺿﺪﻋﻔﻮﻧﻲ ﻛﺮدن‬8-7
7.8 Disinfection
7.8.1 Disinfection refers to the partial destruction
of disease-causing organisms. Disinfection is
most commonly accomplished by the use of:
‫ ﺿﺪﻋﻔﻮﻧﻲ ﻛﺮدن اﺷﺎره ﺑﻪ ﺗﺨﺮﻳﺐ ﺟﺰﺋﻲ ﻣﻮﺟﻮدات‬1-8-7
،‫ ﺿﺪ ﻋﻔﻮﻧﻲ ﻛﺮدن ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ زﻳﺮ‬.‫زﻧﺪه ﺑﻴﻤﺎريزا دارد‬
:‫ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﻣﻲآﻳﺪ‬
1) Chemical agents
.‫( ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ‬1
2) Physical agents
.‫( ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻜﻲ‬2
3) Mechanical means
.‫( ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ‬3
33
Feb. 2010/ 1388 ‫ﺑﻬﻤﻦ‬
4) Radiation
IPS-E-PR-735(1)
.‫( ﺗﺎﺑﺶ‬4
7.8.2 the following methods may be used to
achieve pathogen reduction beyond that attained
by stabilization:
‫ روﺷﻬﺎي زﻳﺮ ﺑﺮاي ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﺑﻴﻤﺎريزا ﻓﺮاﺗﺮ از‬2-8-7
:‫ﺗﺜﺒﻴﺖ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻗﺮار ﮔﻴﺮد‬
a) Pasteurization;
‫اﻟﻒ( ﭘﺎﺳﺘﻮرﻳﺰه ﻛﺮدن؛‬
b) Other thermal processes such as heat
conditioning, heat drying, incineration,
pyrolysis, or starved air combustion;
،‫ب( ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻓﺮآﻳﻨﺪﻫﺎي ﮔﺮﻣﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺗﺼﻔﻴﻪ ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ‬
c) High pH treatment, typically with lime,
at a pH higher than 12.0 for three hours;
‫ ﺳﺎﻋﺖ‬3 ‫ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺮاي‬،‫ ﺑﺎﻻ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﺎً ﺑﺎ آﻫﻚ‬pH ‫ج( ﺗﺼﻔﻴﻪ ﺑﺎ‬
d) Long-term storage of liquid digested
sludge;
‫د ( ذﺧﻴﺮه ﻃﻮﻻﻧﻲ ﻣﺪت ﺑﺮاي ﻟﺠﻦ ﺗﺨﻤﻴﺮ ﺷﺪه ﻣﺎﻳﻊ؛‬
e) Complete composting at temperatures
above 55°C and curing in a stockpile for
at least 30 days;
‫ درﺟﻪ‬55 ‫ﻫ( ﻛﻮد ﺳﺎزي ﻛﺎﻣﻞ در دﻣﺎﻫﺎي ﺑﺎﻻي‬
f) Addition of chlorine to stabilize and
disinfect sludge;
‫و( اﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﻛﺮدن ﻛﻠﺮ ﺑﺮاي ﺗﺜﺒﻴﺖ و ﺿﺪﻋﻔﻮﻧﻲ ﻛﺮدن ﻟﺠﻦ؛‬
‫ آﺗﺸﻜﺎﻓﺖ‬،‫ ﺳﻮزاﻧﺪن‬،‫ﺧﺸﻚ ﻛﺮدن ﮔﺮﻣﺎﻳﻲ‬
‫ ﻳﺎ اﺣﺘﺮاق ﻧﺎﻗﺺ؛‬، (‫)ﭘﻴﺮوﻟﻴﺰ‬
‫ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ؛‬12 ‫ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ از‬pH
30 ‫ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮاد و ﻋﻤﻞ آوردن در ﻳﻚ ﺗﻮده در ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ‬
‫روز ؛‬
g) Disinfection with other chemicals;
‫ز ( ﺿﺪﻋﻔﻮﻧﻲ ﻛﺮدن ﺑﺎ دﻳﮕﺮ ﻣﻮاد ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ؛‬
h) Disinfection by high-energy irradiation.
.‫ح ( ﺿﺪﻋﻔﻮﻧﻲ ﻛﺮدن ﺑﺎ ﭘﺮﺗﻮاﻓﻜﻨﻲ ﺑﺎ اﻧﺮژي ﺑﺎﻻ‬
7.8.3 Storage shall be taken into consideration in
land application systems to retain sludge during
periods when it cannot be applied because of
whether or crop considerations. Because of the
potential contamination effects of the stored
sludge, special attention must be devoted to the
design of these lagoons with respect to limiting
percolation and the development of odors.
‫ ذﺧﻴﺮه ﺳﺎزي در ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد زﻣﻴﻨﻲ ﺑﺮاي‬3-8-7
‫ذﺧﻴﺮه در دوره زﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﻮد ﺑﻪ ﻏﻴﺮ از‬
‫ﻣﻮاﻗﻌﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻌﻠﺖ ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ آب و ﻫﻮا و ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺎت دﻳﮕﺮ ﻧﺘﻮان از‬
‫ ﺑﻪ دﻟﻴﻞ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮات آﻟﻮدﮔﻲ‬.‫زﻣﻴﻦ ﺑﺮاي ذﺧﻴﺮه ﻟﺠﻦ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻛﺮد‬
‫ﻟﺠﻦ ذﺧﻴﺮه ﺷﺪه در ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺣﻮﺿﭽﻪ اي ﺳﻄﺤﻲ ﺑﺮاي ﻣﺤﺪود‬
.‫ﻛﺮدن ﻓﺮورﻓﺖ و ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺑﻮ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ وﻳﮋهاي ﺑﻪ ﻋﻤﻞ آﻳﺪ‬
‫ آﺑﮕﻴﺮي‬9-7
7.9 Dewatering
7.9.1 Application
‫ ﻛﺎرﺑﺮدﻫﺎ‬1-9-7
‫آﺑﮕﻴﺮي ﻳﻚ ﻓﺮآﻳﻨﺪ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ )ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻜﻲ( اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮاي ﻛﺎﻫﺶ‬
‫ﻣﻘﺪار رﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﻟﺠﻦ ﺑﺮاي ﻳﻚ ﻳﺎ ﭼﻨﺪ دﻟﻴﻞ زﻳﺮ ﺑﻜﺎر ﺑﺮده‬
:‫ﻣﻴﺸﻮد‬
Dewatering is a mechanical (physical) Unit
operation used to reduce moisture content of
sludge for one or more of the following reasons:
a) The costs for trucking sludge to the
ultimate
disposal
site
become
substantially lower when sludge volume
is reduced by dewatering.
‫اﻟﻒ( ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺣﻤﻞ و ﻧﻘﻞ ﺑﺎ ﻛﺎﻣﻴﻮن ﺑﻪ ﻣﺤﻞ دﻓﻊ‬
‫ﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﻟﺠﻦ ﺑﻪ ﺟﻬﺖ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺣﺠﻢ ﻟﺠﻦ ﺑﻌﻠﺖ‬
.‫آﺑﮕﻴﺮي ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﻲ ﻳﺎﺑﺪ‬
b) Dewatered sludge is generally easier to
handle than thickened or liquid sludge.
In most cases, dewatered sludge may be
shoveled, moved about with tractors
‫ب( ﻟﺠﻦ آﺑﮕﻴﺮي ﺷﺪه ﺧﻴﻠﻲ ﺑﻬﺘﺮ از ﻟﺠﻦ ﻏﻠﻴﻆ ﺷﺪه ﻳﺎ‬
‫ در اﻏﻠﺐ ﻣﻮارد ﻟﺠﻦ آﺑﮕﻴﺮي‬.‫آﺑﺪار ﺣﻤﻞ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد‬
‫ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺗﺮاﻛﺘﻮر داراي‬،‫ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎ ﺑﻴﻞ ﺑﺮداﺷﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه‬
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fitted with buckets and blades, and
transported by belt conveyors.
.‫ﺑﻴﻞ و ﺗﻴﻐﻪ ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎ ﺷﺪه و ﺑﺎ ﺗﺴﻤﻪ ﻧﻘﺎﻟﻪ اﻧﺘﻘﺎل ﻳﺎﺑﺪ‬
Dewatering is required normally prior to
the incineration of the sludge to increase
the energy content by removal of excess
moisture.
‫ آﺑﮕﻴﺮي از ﻟﺠﻦ ﺑﺮاي‬،‫ج( ﻋﻤﻮﻣﺎً ﻗﺒﻞ از ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت ﺳﻮزاﻧﺪن‬
d) Dewatering is required before composting
to reduce the requirements for supplemental
bulking agents or amendments.
‫ ﺑﺮاي ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﻘﺎدﻳﺮ ﻻزم ﻣﻜﻤﻞ‬،‫د( آﺑﮕﻴﺮي ﻗﺒﻞ از ﻛﻮدﺳﺎزي‬
c)
e)
f)
‫اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ اﻧﺮژي ﻟﺠﻦ در اﺛﺮ ﺣﺬف رﻃﻮﺑﺖ اﺿﺎﻓﻲ‬
.‫اﻧﺠﺎم ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد‬
‫ ﻻزم‬،‫ﻫﺎي ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﺣﺠﻢ ﻳﺎ اﺻﻼحﻛﻨﻨﺪهﻫﺎ‬
.‫ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
In some cases, removal of the excess
moisture may be required to render the
sludge odorless and nonputrescible.
‫ﻫ ( در ﺑﻌﻀﻲ از ﻣﻮارد ﺣﺬف رﻃﻮﺑﺖ اﺿﺎﻓﻲ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺖ‬
Sludge dewatering is required prior to
landfilling in monofills to reduce
leachate production at the landfill site.
‫ ﻗﺒﻞ از دﻓﻦ در زﻣﻴﻦ ﺑﺮاي ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ‬،‫و ( آﺑﮕﻴﺮي از ﻟﺠﻦ‬
.‫ﺑﺮاي ﺑﻲ ﺑﻮ ﻛﺮدن ﻟﺠﻦ و ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺗﻌﻔﻦﻫﺎ ﻧﻴﺎز ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
.‫ در ﻣﺤﻞ دﻓﻦ ﻧﻴﺎز اﺳﺖ‬،‫آب ﻓﺮورﻓﺖ‬
‫ روشﻫﺎي آﺑﮕﻴﺮي از ﻟﺠﻦ‬2-9-7
7.9.2 Sludge dewatering methods
The dewatering methods and their advantages
and disadvantages are presented in Table 6(for
more detail refer to Waste water Engineering
Treatment and Reuse).
‫ ﺑﻴﺎن ﺷﺪهاﻧﺪ‬6 ‫روﺷﻬﺎ و ﻣﻌﺎﻳﺐ و ﻣﺰاﻳﺎي آﺑﮕﻴﺮي درﺟﺪول‬
‫)ﺑﺮاي ﺟﺰﻳﻴﺎت ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﻪ "ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﺗﺼﻔﻴﻪ و ﺑﺎز اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬
.(‫ﭘﺴﺎب" ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﮔﺮدد‬
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TABLE 6 - COMPARISON OF ALTERNATIVE SLUDGE-DEWATERING METHODS
‫ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ روﺷﻬﺎي ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺰﻳﻦ آﺑﮕﻴﺮي ﻟﺠﻦ‬-6 ‫ﺟﺪول‬
DEWATERING
METHOD
ADVANTAGES
DISADVANTAGES
‫ﻣﺰاﻳﺎ‬
‫ﻣﻌﺎﻳﺐ‬
‫روش آﺑﮕﻴﺮي‬
Clean appearance, minimal odor problems,
fast startup and shutdown capabilities
Scroll wear- potentially a high maintenance problem
‫ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖﻫﺎي راه اﻧﺪازي و‬،‫ ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﻣﺸﻜﻼت ﺑﻮ‬،‫ﻇﺎﻫﺮ ﺗﻤﻴﺰ‬
‫ﺗﻮﻗﻒ ﺳﺮﻳﻊ‬
Solid bowl
centrifuge
High installed capacity to building area ratio
‫ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﺎﻻي ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺷﺪه ﺑﻪ ﻓﻀﺎي ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎن‬
‫ ﻣﺸﻜﻞ ﺑﺰرگ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮاﺗﻲ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻮه‬-‫ﺳﺎﻳﻴﺪﮔﻲ ﻟﻐﺰﺷﻲ‬
Requires grit removal and possible a sludge grinder in the feed
stream
‫ﮔﺮﻳﺰ از ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ‬
‫اي ﺑﺮاي ﺟﺎﻣﺪات‬
.‫ﻧﻴﺎزﻣﻨﺪي ﺣﺬف ﺷﻦ و اﺣﺘﻤﺎﻻً ﺧﺮدﻛﻦ ﻟﺠﻦ در ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﺧﻮراك‬
Skilled maintenance personnel required
Produces relatively dry sludge cake
‫ﻛﻴﻚ ﻟﺠﻦ ﻧﺴﺒﺘﺎً ﺧﺸﻚ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ‬
‫ﻧﻴﺎزﻣﻨﺪ اﻓﺮاد ﻣﺎﻫﺮ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮات‬
Moderately high suspended-solids content in centrate
Low capital cost-to-capacity ratio
‫ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﻛﻢ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ‬
‫ﺑﻄﻮر ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ داراي ﺟﺎﻣﺪات ﻣﻌﻠﻖ زﻳﺎد در ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺑﻴﺮون رﻳﺰ‬
For most sludges, produces lowest cake solids concentration
Not affected by grit
‫ﺑﻲ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ از ﺷﻦ‬
Excellent results for difficult sludges
‫ ﻛﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﺟﺎﻣﺪات ﻛﻴﻚ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‬،‫ﺑﺮاي اﻛﺜﺮ ﻟﺠﻦﻫﺎ‬
Vibration
‫ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺑﺴﻴﺎر ﻋﺎﻟﻲ ﺑﺮاي ﻟﺠﻦ ﻫﺎي ﺳﺨﺖ‬
Belt filter press
Low energy requirements
‫ﺻﺎﻓﻲ ﻓﺸﺎري ﺗﺴﻤﻪاي‬
‫ﻟﺮزش‬
Hydraulically limited in throughput
‫ﻧﻴﺎز ﺑﻪ اﻧﺮژي ﻛﻢ‬
‫ﻣﺤﺪودﻳﺖ ﻫﻴﺪروﻟﻴﻜﻲ ﺧﻮراك‬
Requires sludge grinder in feed stream
Relatively low capital and operating costs
‫ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪ ﮔﺬاري و ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺗﻲ ﻧﺴﺒﺘﺎً ﻛﻢ‬
Less complex mechanically and easier to
maintain
‫ﻧﻴﺎز ﺑﻪ ﺧﺮدﻛﻦ ﻟﺠﻦ در ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﺧﻮراك‬
Very sensitive to incoming sludge feed characteristics
‫ﺑﺴﻴﺎر ﺣﺴﺎس ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت ﻟﺠﻦ ﺧﻮراك‬
‫ﭘﻴﭽﻴﺪﮔﻲ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﻛﻢ و ﻧﮕﻬﺪاري آﺳﺎن‬
High-pressure machines are capable of
producing very dry cake
Short media life as compared to other devices using cloth
media
‫دﺳﺘﮕﺎهﻫﺎي ﺑﺎ ﻓﺸﺎر ﺑﺎﻻ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻛﻴﻚ ﺧﻴﻠﻲ ﺧﺸﻚ را‬
‫دارﻧﺪ‬
‫ﻋﻤﺮ ﻛﻮﺗﺎه ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﺻﺎﻓﻲ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ وﺳﺎﻳﻞ دﻳﮕﺮ ﻛﻪ از ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﭘﺎرﭼﻪاي اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﻲ‬
‫ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‬
Minimal effort required for system shutdown
Automatic operation generally not advised
‫ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﺗﻼش ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻴﺎز ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻮﻗﻒ ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ‬
Recessed plate
filter press
Highest cake solids concentration
‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت ﺧﻮدﻛﺎر ﻋﻤﻮﻣﺎً ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﻧﻤﻴﺸﻮد‬
Batch operation
‫ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﻛﻴﻚ ﺟﺎﻣﺪات‬
‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت ﻧﺎﭘﻴﻮﺳﺘﻪ‬
‫ﺻﺎﻓﻲ ﻓﺸﺎري از ﻧﻮع‬
‫ﺻﻔﺤﺎت ﺗﻮرﻓﺘﻪ‬
Low suspended solids in filtrate
High equipment cost high labor cost
‫ﺟﺎﻣﺪات ﻣﻌﻠﻖ ﻛﻢ در ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺻﺎف ﺷﺪه‬
‫ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﺑﺎﻻي ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات و ﻛﺎرﮔﺮ‬
Special support structure requirements
‫اﻟﺰاﻣﺎت ﺧﺎص ﻧﮕﻬﺪارﻧﺪه ﻫﺎي ﺳﺎزه‬
(to be continued)
(‫)اداﻣﻪ دارد‬
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TABLE 6 (continued)
(‫ )اداﻣﻪ‬-6 ‫ﺟﺪول‬
DEWATERING
METHOD
‫روش آﺑﮕﻴﺮي‬
ADVANTAGES
DISADVANTAGES
‫ﻣﺰاﻳﺎ‬
‫ﻣﻌﺎﻳﺐ‬
Large floor area required for equipment
‫ﺳﻄﺢ ﺑﺰرگ ﺑﺮاي ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات ﻻزم اﺳﺖ‬
Skilled maintenance personnel required
‫ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮات اﻓﺮاد ﻣﺎﻫﺮ ﻻزم اﺳﺖ‬
Additional solids due to large chemical addition require
disposal
.‫ﺑﻌﻠﺖ اﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﻛﺮدن زﻳﺎد ﻣﻮاد ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﺟﺎﻣﺪات زﻳﺎدي ﻻزم اﺳﺖ دﻓﻊ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
Sludge drying
beds
Lowest capital cost method where land is
readily available
Requires large area of land
‫ﺑﺴﺘﺮ ﻫﺎي ﺧﺸﻚ‬
‫ﻛﺮدن ﻟﺠﻦ‬
‫روش ﺑﺎ ﻛﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪ ﮔﺬاري در ﺻﻮرت ﻣﻮﺟﻮد‬
‫ﺑﻮدن زﻣﻴﻦ‬
‫ﻧﻴﺎزﻣﻨﺪ ﺑﻪ زﻣﻴﻦ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺖ زﻳﺎد‬
Small amount of operator attention and skill
required
Requires stabilized sludge
‫ﻧﻴﺎزﻣﻨﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻟﺠﻦ ﺗﺜﺒﻴﺖ ﺷﺪه‬
‫ﺗﻮﺟﻪ و ﻣﻬﺎرت ﻛﻤﻲ از ﻣﺘﺼﺪي واﺣﺪ ﻧﻴﺎز اﺳﺖ‬
Design requires consideration of climatic effects
Low energy consumption
‫ﻣﺼﺮف ﻛﻢ اﻧﺮژي‬
‫در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮات آب ﻫﻮاﻳﻲ ﺑﺮاي ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﻻزم اﺳﺖ‬
Sludge removal is labor intensive
Low to no chemical consumption
‫ﺑﺪون ﻣﺼﺮف ﻳﺎ ﻣﺼﺮف ﻛﻢ ﻣﻮاد ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ‬
‫دﻓﻊ ﻟﺠﻦ ﻛﺎرﮔﺮ ﺑﺮ اﺳﺖ‬
Less sensitive to sludge variability
‫ﺣﺴﺎﺳﻴﺖ ﻛﻢ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮات ﻟﺠﻦ‬
Higher solids content than mechanical
methods
‫ﻣﺤﺘﻮﻳﺎت ﺟﺎﻣﺪ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ روشﻫﺎي ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ‬
Sludge lagoons
Low energy consumption
‫ﺣﻮﺿﭽﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻟﺠﻦ‬
Potential for odor and vector problems
‫ﻣﺼﺮف ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ اﻧﺮژي‬
No chemical consumption
‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺑﻮ و ﻣﺸﻜﻼت اﻧﺘﻘﺎل ﺑﻴﻤﺎري‬
Potential for groundwater pollution
‫ﻋﺪم ﻣﺼﺮف ﻣﻮاد ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ‬
Organic matter is further stabilized
‫ﺗﻮان ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻮه ﺑﺮاي آﻟﻮدﮔﻲ ﻫﺎي آﺑﻬﺎي ﺳﻄﺤﻲ‬
More land intensive than mechanical methods
‫ﻣﻮاد آﻟﻲ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺗﺜﺒﻴﺖ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﻧﺪ‬
‫ﻧﻴﺎزﻣﻨﺪي ﺑﻪ زﻣﻴﻨﻬﺎي ﻣﺘﻤﺮﻛﺰ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ روﺷﻬﺎي ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ اﺳﺖ‬
Appearance may be unsightly
Low capital cost where land is available
‫زﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻪ زﻣﻴﻦ ﻣﻮﺟﻮد اﺳﺖ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪ ﮔﺬاري ﻛﻢ اﺳﺖ‬
‫ﻣﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺖ ﻇﺎﻫﺮ ﻧﺎﺧﻮﺷﺎﻳﻨﺪ داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
Design requires consideration of climatic effects
Least amount of skill required for operation
‫ﻛﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻬﺎرت ﺑﺮاي ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻴﺎز اﺳﺖ‬
The dewatering device shall be determined by the
type of sludge to be dewatered, characteristics of
the dewatered product, and the space available.
Some sludges particularly aerobically digested
sludges, are not amenable to mechanical
dewatering. Selection of optimum dewatering
device shall be made with conducting bench scale
or pilot studies.
‫در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﺗﺎﺛﻴﺮات آب و ﻫﻮا ﺑﺮاي ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﻻزم اﺳﺖ‬
‫ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات آﺑﮕﻴﺮي ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻧﻮع ﻟﺠﻨﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻧﻴﺎز ﺑﻪ آﺑﮕﻴﺮي‬
‫دارد ﺧﻮاص ﻣﺤﺼﻮل آﺑﮕﻴﺮي ﺷﺪه و ﻓﻀﺎي در دﺳﺘﺮس‬
‫ ﺑﻌﻀﻲ از ﻟﺠﻦﻫﺎ ﺑﺨﺼﻮص ﻟﺠﻦﻫﺎي ﻧﻮع ﺗﺨﻤﻴﺮ‬.‫ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
‫ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب دﺳﺘﮕﺎه‬.‫ﻫﻮاﻳﻲ ﺑﻪ آﺑﮕﻴﺮي ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﻣﺘﻤﺎﻳﻞ ﻧﻴﺴﺘﻨﺪ‬
‫ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪ آﺑﮕﻴﺮي ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺎ اﻧﺠﺎم ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت آزﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻫﻲ ﻳﺎ واﺣﺪ ﻧﻴﻤﻪ‬
.‫ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ اﻧﺠﺎم ﮔﻴﺮد‬
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Feb. 2010/ 1388 ‫ﺑﻬﻤﻦ‬
IPS-E-PR-735(1)
‫ ﺻﺎف ﻛﺮدن ﺑﺎ ﺧﻼء‬3-9-7
7.9.3 Vacuum filteration
7.9.3.1 The solids content of the feed shall be 6 to
8 percent. Higher solids contents make the sludge
difficult to distribute and to condition for
dewatering; lower solids contents require the use
of larger than necessary vacuum filters.
8 ‫ ﺗﺎ‬6 ‫ ﻣﺤﺘﻮي ﺟﺎﻣﺪات ﺧﻮراك ﺑﺎﻳﺪ در ﺣﺪود‬1-3-9-7
‫ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﻮدن درﺻﺪ ﺟﺎﻣﺪات ﻣﺸﻜﻼﺗﻲ را ﺑﺮاي‬.‫درﺻﺪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
.‫ﺗﻮزﻳﻊ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ و آﻣﺎده ﺳﺎزي ﻟﺠﻦ ﺑﺮاي آﺑﮕﻴﺮي اﻳﺠﺎد ﻣﻴﻜﻨﺪ‬
‫ﻛﻢ ﺑﻮدن ﻣﺤﺘﻮي ﻛﻢ ﺟﺎﻣﺪات ﻧﻴﺎز ﺑﻪ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻓﻴﻠﺘﺮﻫﺎي ﺧﻼ‬
.‫ﺑﺎ اﻧﺪازه ﺑﺰرﮔﺘﺮ از ﻻزم دارد‬
7.9.3.2 In addition to the disadvantages listed in
Table 6 the following factors shall also be taken
into consideration for selection of this type of
dewatering equipment:
‫ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻧﻜﺎت‬6 ‫ ﻋﻼوه ﺑﺮ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﺐ ذﻛﺮ ﺷﺪه در ﺟﺪول‬2-3-9-7
‫زﻳﺮ را ﻧﻴﺰ در ﻣﻮرد اﻧﺘﺨﺎب اﻳﻦ ﻧﻮع ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات آﺑﮕﻴﺮي در ﻧﻈﺮ‬
:‫ﮔﺮﻓﺖ‬
a) System complexity;
‫اﻟﻒ( ﭘﻴﭽﻴﺪﮔﻲ ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ؛‬
b) Need for conditioning chemicals;
‫ب ( ﻧﻴﺎزﻣﻨﺪي ﺑﻪ اﺻﻼح ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ؛‬
c) High operating and maintenance costs.
‫ج ( ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺑﺎﻻ ﺑﺮاي ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت و ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮات؛‬
‫ ﮔﺮﻳﺰ از ﻣﺮﻛﺰ‬4-9-7
7.9.4 Centrifugation
7.9.4.1 Centrifugation process is widely used in
the industry for separating liquids of different
density, thickening slurries, or removing solids.
‫ ﻓﺮآﻳﻨﺪ ﮔﺮﻳﺰ از ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺑﺮاي ﺟﺪاﻛﺮدن ﻣﺎﻳﻌﺎت ﺑﺎ‬1-4-9-7
‫ ﺗﻐﻠﻴﻆ دوﻏﺎبﻫﺎ ﻳﺎ ﺣﺬف ﺟﺎﻣﺪات ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر‬،‫ﭼﮕﺎﻟﻲ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ‬
.‫وﺳﻴﻊ در ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻗﺮار ﻣﻴﮕﻴﺮد‬
7.9.4.2 Disposal of centrate to waste water
influent should be avoided.
‫ از دﻓﻊ درون رﻳﺰ ﺑﻪ ورودي ﭘﺴﺎب ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮي‬2-4-9-7
7.9.4.3 Before final design decision making, pilot
plant tests should be run.
‫ آزﻣﺎﻳﺸﺎت ﻧﻴﻤﻪ‬،‫ ﻗﺒﻞ از ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ‬3-4-9-7
7.9.4.4 Special consideration must be given to
providing sturdy foundations and sound-proofing
because of the vibration and noise that result
from centrifuge operation.
‫ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ وﻳﮋهاي ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﭘﺎﻳﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺤﻜﻢ و‬4-4-9-7
.‫ﻛﺮد‬
.‫ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ در ﻛﺎرﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺴﺘﻲ اﻧﺠﺎم ﮔﻴﺮد‬
‫ﻋﺎﻳﻖ ﻫﺎي ﺻﺪاﻳﻲ داﺷﺖ ﭼﻮن ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت ﮔﺮﻳﺰ از ﻣﺮﻛﺰ داراي‬
.‫ﺻﺪا و ﻟﺮزش اﺳﺖ‬
‫ ﺻﺎﻓﻲ ﻓﺸﺎري ﺗﺴﻤﻪ اي‬5-9-7
7.9.5 Belt filter press
7.9.5.1 Belt filter presses are continuous-feed
sludge dewatering devices that involve the
application of chemical conditioning, gravity
drainage, and mechanically applied pressure to
dewater sludge. Belt filter presses can be applied
to all types of waste water sludge.
‫ ﺻﺎﻓﻲ ﻓﺸﺎري ﺗﺴﻤﻪاي ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺘﻪ آﺑﮕﻴﺮي‬1-5-9-7
7.9.5.2 Sludge blending facilities should be
included in the system design where the sludge
characteristics are likely to vary widely.
‫ ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ ﺧﻮاص ﻟﺠﻦ ﺧﻴﻠﻲ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات‬2-5-9-7
7.9.5.3 Safety considerations in design should
include adequate ventilation to remove hydrogen
sulfide or other gases and equipment guards to
‫ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺎت اﻳﻤﻨﻲ در ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﻬﻮﻳﻪ‬3-5-9-7
،‫از ﺧﻮراك ﻟﺠﻦ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﻫﺎي اﺻﻼح ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ‬
‫ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ ﮔﺮاﻧﺸﻲ و ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﻓﺸﺎر ﺑﺮاي آﺑﮕﻴﺮي از ﻟﺠﻦ‬
‫ ﺻﺎﻓﻲ ﻓﺸﺎري ﺗﺴﻤﻪاي ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻤﺎﻣﻲ اﻧﻮاع ﻟﺠﻦ ﭘﺴﺎب‬.‫اﺳﺖ‬
.‫ﻣﻴﺘﻮاﻧﺪ ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
.‫ﻣﺨﻠﻮط ﻛﺮدن ﻟﺠﻦ ﺑﺎﻳﺴﺘﻲ در ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﻣﻮﺟﻮد ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬
،‫ﻛﺎﻓﻲ ﺑﺮاي دﻓﻊ ﮔﺎزﻫﺎي ﺳﻮﻟﻔﻴﺪ ﻫﻴﺪروژن ﻳﺎ ﮔﺎزﻫﺎي دﻳﮕﺮ‬
‫در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﻣﺤﺎﻓﻆ ﻫﺎي ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات ﺟﻬﺖ اﺟﺘﻨﺎب از ﻋﺒﻮر‬
38
Feb. 2010/ 1388 ‫ﺑﻬﻤﻦ‬
prevent loose clothing from being caught
between the rollers.
IPS-E-PR-735(1)
‫ﻛﺮدن ﭘﺎرﭼﻪﻫﺎي ﺳﺴﺖ و ﮔﻴﺮ ﻛﺮدن در ﻏﻠﻄﻚ ﻫﺎ و اﻳﺠﺎد‬
.‫ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﻮد‬،‫ﻣﺸﻜﻞ‬
‫ ﺻﺎﻓﻲ ﻫﺎي ﻓﺸﺎري‬6-9-7
7.9.6 Filter presses
7.9.6.1 In a filter press, dewatering is achieved by
forcing the water from the sludge under high
pressure. Advantages of this dewatering equipment
include:
‫ آبﮔﻴﺮي از ﻟﺠﻦ ﺑﺎ ﻓﺸﺎر ﺑﺮ‬،‫ در ﻳﻚ ﺻﺎﻓﻲ ﻓﺸﺎري‬1-6-9-7
‫آب در ﻟﺠﻦ اﻧﺠﺎم ﻣﻴﭙﺬﻳﺮد ﻣﺰاﻳﺎي اﻳﻦ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات آﺑﮕﻴﺮي‬
:‫ﻋﺒﺎرت اﺳﺖ از‬
a) High concentrations of cake solids;
‫اﻟﻒ( ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﺑﺎﻻي ﻛﻴﻚ ﺟﺎﻣﺪات؛‬
b) Filterate clarity;
‫ب ( زﻻل ﺑﻮدن ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺻﺎف ﺷﺪه؛‬
c) High solids capture.
‫ج ( ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﺟﺎﻣﺪات زﻳﺎدي؛‬
Disadvantages include:
:‫ﻣﻌﺎﻳﺐ ﻋﺒﺎرﺗﻨﺪ از‬
a) Mechanical complexity;
‫اﻟﻒ(ﭘﻴﭽﻴﺪﮔﻲ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ؛‬
b) High chemical costs;
‫ب ( ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺑﺎﻻي ﻣﻮاد ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ؛‬
c) High labor costs; and
،‫ج ( ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺑﺎﻻي ﻛﺎرﮔﺮي‬
d) Limitations on filter cloth life.
.‫د ( ﻣﺤﺪودﻳﺖ ﻫﺎي ﻃﻮل ﻋﻤﺮ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﭘﺎرﭼﻪاي ﺻﺎﻓﻲ‬
7.9.6.2 The following filter press types are
preferred:
:‫ اﻧﻮاع ﻓﻴﻠﺘﺮ ﻓﺸﺎري زﻳﺮ ﺗﺮﺟﻴﺢ داده ﻣﻴﺸﻮﻧﺪ‬2-6-9-7
a) Fixed-volume, recessed plate filter press.
.‫ ﺻﻔﺤﻪﮔﻮد ﺑﺮاي ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﺻﺎﻓﻲ ﻓﺸﺎري‬،‫اﻟﻒ( ﺣﺠﻢ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‬
b) Variable-volume, recessed plate filter
press (diaphragm press).
‫ ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﮔﻮد ﺑﺮاي ﺻﺎﻓﻲ ﻓﺸﺎري )ﻓﺸﺎر‬،‫ب( ﺣﺠﻢ ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮ‬
.(‫دﻳﺎﻓﺮاﮔﻤﻲ‬
7.9.6.3 The following features shall be
considered in the design of a filter press facilities:
‫ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ زﻳﺮ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ در ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺗﺎﺳﻴﺴﺎت ﺻﺎﻓﻲ‬3-6-9-7
:‫ﻓﺸﺎري ﻣﺪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
a) Adequate ventilation in the dewatering
room.
.‫اﻟﻒ( ﺗﻬﻮﻳﻪ ﻛﺎﻓﻲ در اﺗﺎق آﺑﮕﻴﺮي‬
b) High-pressure washing systems.
.‫ب ( ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﺷﺴﺘﺸﻮي ﻓﺸﺎر ﺑﺎﻻ‬
c) An acid wash circulating system to
remove calcium scale when lime is used.
‫ج ( اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﭼﺮﺧﺸﻲ ﺷﺴﺘﺸﻮي اﺳﻴﺪي ﺑﺮاي‬
d) A sludge grinder
conditioning tank.
the
.‫د ( ﻳﻚ آﺳﻴﺎب ﻛﻦ ﻟﺠﻦ در ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺑﺎﻻي ﻣﺨﺎزن اﺻﻼح‬
e) Cake breakers or shredders following the
filter press (particularly if the dewatered
sludge is incinerated).
‫ﻫ( ﺷﻜﻨﻨﺪه ﻳﺎ ﺧﺮدﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﻛﻴﻚ ﺑﻌﺪ از ﺻﺎﻓﻲ ﻓﺸﺎري‬
ahead
of
.‫دﻓﻊ رﺳﻮﺑﺎت ﻛﻠﺴﻴﻢ در ﻫﻨﮕﺎم اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از آﻫﻚ‬
(‫)ﺑﺨﺼﻮص اﮔﺮ ﻟﺠﻦ آﺑﮕﻴﺮ ﺷﺪه ﺳﻮزاﻧﺪه ﻣﻴﺸﻮد‬
39
Feb. 2010/ 1388 ‫ﺑﻬﻤﻦ‬
f) Equipment to facilitate removal and
maintenance of the plates.
IPS-E-PR-735(1)
.‫و ( ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات ﺑﺮاي ﺗﺴﻬﻴﻞ ﺣﺬف و ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮات ﺻﻔﺤﺎت‬
‫ ﺑﺴﺘﺮﻫﺎي ﺧﺸﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﻟﺠﻦ‬7-9-7
7.9.7 Sludge drying beds
7.9.7.1 Sludge drying beds are typically used to
dewater digested sludge. After drying, the sludge
is removed and either disposed of in a landfill or
used as a soil conditioner. The principal
advantages of drying beds are low cost,
infrequent attention required, and high solids
content in the dried product.
‫ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻً اﻳﻦ ﺑﺴﺘﺮﻫﺎ ﺑﺮاي آﺑﮕﻴﺮي از ﻟﺠﻦﻫﺎي‬1-7-9-7
7.9.7.2 The following types of drying beds may
be used. The conventional sand drying beds is
preferred:
‫ اﻧﻮاع ﺑﺴﺘﺮﻫﺎي ﺧﺸﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه زﻳﺮ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺖ‬2-7-9-7
،‫ ﺑﻌﺪ از ﺧﺸﻚ ﻛﺮدن‬.‫ﺗﺨﻤﻴﺮ ﺷﺪه ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻗﺮار ﻣﻴﮕﻴﺮد‬
‫ﻟﺠﻦ ﺑﺮداﺷﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه و ﻳﺎ در زﻣﻴﻦ دﻓﻦ ﻣﻲﺷﻮد ﻳﺎ ﺑﻌﻨﻮان‬
‫ ﻣﺰاﻳﺎي اﺻﻠﻲ ﺑﺴﺘﺮﻫﺎي‬.‫اﺻﻼح ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺧﺎك اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‬
‫ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻛﻢ و وﺟﻮد ﺟﺎﻣﺪات زﻳﺎد در‬،‫ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﻛﻢ‬،‫ﺧﺸﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه‬
.‫ﻣﺤﺼﻮل ﺧﺸﻚ در اﻳﻦ روش اﺳﺖ‬
‫ ﺑﺴﺘﺮ ﺧﺸﻚﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺷﻨﻲ ﻣﺘﺪاول ﺗﺮﺟﻴﺢ‬.‫ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
:‫داده ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‬
a) Conventional sand;
‫اﻟﻒ( ﺷﻨﻲ ﻣﺘﺪاول ؛‬
b) Paved (drainage or decanting);
‫ ﺳﺮازﻳﺮ ﻛﺮدن(؛‬، ‫ب ( ﺗﺴﻄﻴﺢ ﺷﺪه )ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ‬
c) Artificial media;
‫ج ( ﻣﻮاد واﺳﻄﻪ ﻣﺼﻨﻮﻋﻲ؛‬
d) Vacuum assisted
.‫د ( ﺑﺎ ﻛﻤﻚ ﺧﻼء‬
7.9.7.3 Open beds may be used where adequate
area is available and is sufficiently isolated to
avoid complaints caused by occasional odors.
Open sludge beds should be located at least 100
meters from dwellings to avoid odor nuisance.
Covered beds with greenhouse types of
enclosures shall be used where it is necessary to
dewater sludge continuously throughout the year
regardless of the weather and where sufficient
isolation does not exist for the installation of
open beds.
‫ ﺑﺴﺘﺮﻫﺎي ﺑﺎز در ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﻲﺗﻮاﻧﻨﺪ ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬3-7-9-7
7.9.7.4 In cold climates, the effects of freezing
and thawing shall be considered to improve the
dewatering characteristics of sludge.
‫ اﺛﺮات اﻧﺠﻤﺎد و‬،‫ در ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ آب و ﻫﻮاﻳﻲ ﺧﻨﻚ‬4-7-9-7
‫ﻗﺮار ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻓﻀﺎي ﻛﺎﻓﻲ ﻛﺎﻣﻼً ﻣﺠﺰا در دﺳﺘﺮس ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺗﺎ از‬
‫ ﺑﺴﺘﺮﻫﺎي ﺑﺎز ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬.‫ﺷﻜﺎﻳﺎت اﺣﺘﻤﺎﻟﻲ ﺑﻌﻠﺖ ﺗﻌﻔﻦ اﺟﺘﻨﺎب ﺷﻮد‬
‫ ﻣﺘﺮي ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﺖ ﺑﻮي ﺑﺪ از ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ‬100 ‫ﺑﺎ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ‬
‫ اﻧﻮاع ﺑﺴﺘﺮﻫﺎي ﭘﻮﺷﺎﻧﺪه ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎ ﮔﻠﺨﺎﻧﻪ‬.‫ﻣﺴﻜﻮﻧﻲ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
‫ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻲ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺪون ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ آب‬
‫ ﻻزم ﺑﺎﺷﺪ از ﻟﺠﻦ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﻣﺪاوم در ﻃﻮل ﺳﺎل آﺑﮕﻴﺮي‬،‫ﻫﻮاﻳﻲ‬
‫ﺷﺪه و ﻳﺎ ﻋﺎﻳﻖ ﻛﺎري ﻛﺎﻓﻲ ﺑﺮاي اﻳﺠﺎد ﺑﺴﺘﺮﻫﺎي ﺑﺎز ﻣﻤﻜﻦ‬
.‫ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫آب ﺷﺪن )ذوب ﺷﺪن(در ﺑﻬﺒﻮد ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻴﺎت ﻟﺠﻦ آﺑﮕﻴﺮي ﺷﺪه‬
.‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﻮد‬
‫ ﺣﻮﺿﭽﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺳﻄﺤﻲ‬8-9-7
7.9.8 Lagoons
7.9.8.1 Drying lagoons may be used as substitute
for drying beds for the dewatering of digested
sludge, if permitted by company; lagoons shall
not be used for dewatering untreated sludges,
limed sludges, or sludges with a high-strength
supernatant because of their odor and nuisance
potential.
‫ ﺗﺎﻻب ﻫﺎي ﺧﺸﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه‬،‫ اﮔﺮ ﺷﺮﻛﺖ اﺟﺎزه ﺑﺪﻫﺪ‬1-8-9-7
‫ﻣﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺖ ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺰﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺴﺘﺮﻫﺎي ﺧﺸﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺑﺮاي‬
‫ ﺗﺎﻻب ﻫﺎ ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺮاي‬.‫آﺑﮕﻴﺮي از ﻟﺠﻦ ﻫﺎي ﺗﺨﻤﻴﺮ ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬
‫ﻟﺠﻦ ﻫﺎي ﺗﺼﻔﻴﻪ ﻧﺸﺪه ﻳﺎ ﻟﺠﻦ ﻫﺎي ﺑﺎ ﻗﺪرت زﻳﺎد ﺷﻨﺎوري ﺑﻪ‬
.‫دﻟﻴﻞ ﺑﻮ و ﺗﻮان ﻧﺎﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ آﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻗﺮار ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ‬
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7.9.8.2
Environmental
and
groundwater
regulations shall be considered for application of
lagoons if a groundwater aquifer used for a
potable water supply underlies the lagoon site, it
shall be necessary to line the lagoon.
‫ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻗﻮاﻧﻴﻦ زﻳﺴﺖ ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ و آﺑﻬﺎي زﻳﺮزﻣﻴﻨﻲ‬2-8-9-7
7.9.8.3 Sludge shall be discharged to the lagoon
in a manner suitable to accomplish an even
distribution of sludge.
‫ ﻟﺠﻦ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻨﺤﻮ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮزﻳﻊ‬3-8-9-7
7.9.8.4 Facilities for decanting of supernatant
shall be provided, and the liquid shall be recycled
to the treatment facility.
‫ ﺗﺴﻬﻴﻼت ﺑﺮاي ﺳﺮازﻳﺮ ﻛﺮدن ﻣﻮاد ﺷﻨﺎور ﺑﺮ روي‬4-8-9-7
‫ اﮔﺮ ﻳﻚ ﺳﻔﺮه‬.‫ﺑﺮاي اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﺗﺎﻻب ﻫﺎ در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
‫آب زﻳﺮزﻣﻴﻨﻲ ﺑﺮاي ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ آب ﺷﺮب ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده اﺳﺖ ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ‬
.‫ﺑﺎ ﺗﺎﻻب در ارﺗﺒﺎط ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
.‫ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺎﻻب ﻫﺎ ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬،‫ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﻟﺠﻦ ﻣﻴﺸﻮد‬
‫ﺳﻄﺢ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻓﺮاﻫﻢ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ و ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺎﺳﻴﺴﺎت ﺗﺼﻔﻴﻪ ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺖ‬
.‫داده ﺷﻮد‬
7.9.8.5 A minimum of two cells shall be
provided, even in very small plants, to ensure
availability of storage space during cleaning,
maintenance or emergency conditions.
‫ ﺣﺘﻲ در ﻛﺎرﺧﺎﻧﺠﺎت ﻛﻮﭼﻚ ﺑﺮاي اﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎن از‬5-8-9-7
‫وﺟﻮد ﻓﻀﺎي ذﺧﻴﺮه ﺳﺎزي ﻫﻨﮕﺎم ﭘﺎﻛﺴﺎزي ﻳﺎ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮات ﻳﺎ‬
.‫ ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ دو ﺳﻠﻮل )اﺗﺎﻗﻚ( ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﻌﺒﻴﻪ ﺷﻮد‬،‫ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ اﺿﻄﺮاري‬
‫ ﺧﺸﻚ ﻛﺮدن ﮔﺮﻣﺎﻳﻲ‬10-7
7.10 Heat Drying
7.10.1 Sludge drying is a Unit operation that involves
reducing water content by vaporization of water to
the air. Drying is necessary in fertilizer
manufacturing so as to permit the grinding of the
sludge, to reduce its mass, and to prevent continued
biological action. The moisture content of the dried
sludge shall be less than 10 percent.
‫ ﻳﻚ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت ﻓﺮآﻳﻨﺪي ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬،‫ ﺧﺸﻚ ﻛﺮدن ﻟﺠﻦ‬1-10-7
7.10.2 The following mechanical processes may
be used for drying sludge:
‫ ﻓﺮآﻳﻨﺪﻫﺎي ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ زﻳﺮ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺖ در ﺧﺸﻚ‬2-10-7
‫ﻛﻪ ﻣﻘﺪار آب ﻣﻮﺟﻮد در ﻟﺠﻦ را ﺑﻪ وﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﺗﺒﺨﻴﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻮا ﻛﺎﻫﺶ‬
‫ ﺧﺸﻚ ﻛﺮدن در ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﻛﻮد ﺑﺴﻴﺎر ﺿﺮوري اﺳﺖ ﺗﺎ‬.‫ﻣﻲ دﻫﺪ‬
‫اﻣﻜﺎن آﺳﻴﺎب ﻛﺮدن ﻟﺠﻦ و ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺟﺮم آن و ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮي از‬
‫ ﻣﻴﺰان رﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﻟﺠﻦ‬.‫ﺗﺪاوم ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺗﻲ ﺑﻴﻮﻟﻮژﻳﻜﻲ را ﻓﺮاﻫﻢ ﻛﻨﺪ‬
.‫درﺻﺪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬10 ‫ﺧﺸﻚ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ از‬
:‫ﻛﺮدن ﻟﺠﻦ ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
a) Flash dryers;
.‫اﻟﻒ( ﺧﺸﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪهﻫﺎي آﻧﻲ‬
b) spray dryers;
.‫ب ( ﺧﺸﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪهﻫﺎي اﻓﺸﺎﻧﻜﻲ‬
c) rotary dryers;
.‫ج ( ﺧﺸﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪهﻫﺎي ﮔﺮدان‬
d) multiple-hearth dryers;
‫د ( ﺧﺸﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪهﻫﺎي ﭼﻨﺪ ﻣﺸﻌﻠﻪ‬
e) multiple-effect evaporation.
.‫ﻫ ( ﺗﺒﺨﻴﺮ ﭼﻨﺪ ﮔﺎﻧﻪ‬
Sludge dryers are normally preceded by
dewatering. Flash dryers are preferred in use at
waste water treatment plants.
‫ ﺧﺸﻚ‬.‫ﺧﺸﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪهﻫﺎي ﻟﺠﻦ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻً ﺑﻌﺪ از آﺑﮕﻴﺮﻫﺎ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‬
‫ﻛﻨﻨﺪهﻫﺎي آﻧﻲ ﺑﺮاي اﺳﺘﻔﺎده در ﻛﺎرﺧﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﺗﺼﻔﻴﻪ ﭘﺴﺎب‬
.‫ﺗﺮﺟﻴﺢ داده ﻣﻴﺸﻮﻧﺪ‬
7.10.3 The heat recovered from the dried sludge
should be used (if possible) to supply the energy
requirements of the process.
‫ ﮔﺮﻣﺎي ﺑﺎزﻳﺎﻓﺘﻲ از ﻟﺠﻦ ﻫﺎي ﺧﺸﻚ )در ﺻﻮرت‬3-10-7
7.10.4 Fly ash and odor control shall be
considered in heat drying of sludge.
‫ ﻛﻨﺘﺮل ﺧﺎﻛﺴﺘﺮ ﻣﻌﻠﻖ و ﺑﻮ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ در ﺧﺸﻚ ﻛﺮدن‬4-10-7
.‫ﮔﺮﻣﺎﻳﻲ ﻟﺠﻦ ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻈﺮ ﻗﺮار ﮔﻴﺮد‬
‫اﻣﻜﺎن( ﺑﺎﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﺑﺮاي ﺗﺎﻣﻴﻦ اﻧﺮژي ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻴﺎز ﻓﺮآﻳﻨﺪ ﻣﻮرد‬
.‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻗﺮار ﮔﻴﺮد‬
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‫ اﺣﻴﺎء ﮔﺮﻣﺎﻳﻲ‬11-7
7.11 Thermal Reduction
7.11.1 General
‫ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ‬1-11-7
7.11.1.1 Thermal reduction of sludge involves the
total or partial conversion of organic solids to
oxidized end products, primarily carbon dioxide
and water, by incineration or wet-air oxidation or
the partial oxidation and volatilization of organic
solids by pyrolysis or starved-air combustion to
end products with energy content. Thermal
reduction processes are used by medium to large
sized plants with limited ultimate disposal
options.
‫ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﺗﻤﺎم ﻳﺎ ﻗﺴﻤﺘﻲ از‬،‫ اﺣﻴﺎء ﮔﺮﻣﺎﻳﻲ ﻟﺠﻦ‬1-1-11-7
‫ ﻋﻤﺪﺗﺎً دي‬،‫ﺟﺎﻣﺪات آﻟﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻت ﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ اﻛﺴﻴﺪاﺳﻴﻮن‬
‫ ﺑﻮﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﺳﻮزاﻧﺪن ﻳﺎ اﻛﺴﺎﻳﺶ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻮاي‬،‫اﻛﺴﻴﺪﻛﺮﺑﻦ و آب‬
‫ﻣﺮﻃﻮب و اﻛﺴﺎﻳﺶ ﺟﺰﻳﻲ ﻳﺎ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺗﺒﺨﻴﺮ ﺟﺎﻣﺪات آﻟﻲ ﻓﺮار‬
‫ﺑﻮﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪ ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ ﻳﺎ اﺣﺘﺮاق ﻛﻢ ﻫﻮا ﺑﻪ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻت ﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ‬
‫ ﻓﺮآﻳﻨﺪﻫﺎي اﺣﻴﺎء ﮔﺮﻣﺎﻳﻲ در‬.‫داراي اﻧﺮژي ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ﻛﺎرﺧﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎي اﻧﺪازه ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﺗﺎ ﺑﺰرگ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺤﺪودﻳﺖ ﮔﺰﻳﻨﻪﻫﺎي‬
.‫دﻓﻊ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻗﺮار ﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮد‬
7.11.1.2 The major advantages and disadvantages
are:
:‫ ﻣﺰاﻳﺎ و ﻣﻌﺎﻳﺐ ﻋﻤﺪه ﻋﺒﺎرﺗﻨﺪ از‬2-1-11-7
:‫اﻟﻒ( ﻣﺰاﻳﺎ‬
a) Advantages:
-
Maximum volume reduction,
thereby lessening the disposal
requirements.
‫ ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺣﺠﻤﻲ و در ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ اﻟﺰاﻣﺎت‬.‫دﻓﻊ‬
-
Destruction of pathogens and
toxic compounds.
.‫ ﺗﺨﺮﻳﺐ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﺑﻴﻤﺎري زا و ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﺎت ﺳﻤﻲ‬-
-
Energy recovery potential.
.‫ ﺗﻮاﻧﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺎزﻳﺎﻓﺖ اﻧﺮژي‬:‫ب ( ﻣﻌﺎﻳﺐ‬
b) Disadvantages:
-
High capital and operating cost.
-
Highly skilled operating and
maintenance staffs are required.
‫ ﻛﺎرﻣﻨﺪان ﺑﺴﻴﺎر ﻣﺎﻫﺮ در ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت و ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮات ﻻزم‬.‫اﺳﺖ‬
-
The residuals produced (air
emissions and ash) may have
adverse environmental effects.
(‫ ﺗﻪ ﻣﺎﻧﺪه ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺷﺪه )اﻧﺘﺸﺎر در ﻫﻮا و ﺧﺎﻛﺴﺘﺮ‬.‫ﻣﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺖ اﺛﺮات ﺳﻮء در ﻣﺤﻴﻂ داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
-
Disposal of residuals, which
may be classified as hazardous
wastes, may be uncertain and
expensive.
‫ دﻓﻊ ﺗﻪ ﻣﺎﻧﺪهﻫــﺎ ﻛﻪ ﺑــﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان دﻓﻊ ﺿﺎﻳﻌﺎت‬‫ﺧﻄﺮﻧﺎك ﻃﺒﻘﻪﺑﻨﺪي ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺖ‬
.‫ﻏﻴﺮﻣﻄﻤﺌﻦ و ﮔﺮان ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
.‫ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪ ﮔﺬاري و ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺗﻲ ﺑﺎﻻ‬-
‫ ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد ﻓﺮآﻳﻨﺪ اﺣﻴﺎء ﮔﺮﻣﺎﻳﻲ‬2-11-7
7.11.2 Thermal reduction process applications
7.11.2.1 Multiple-hearth incineration
‫ ﺳﻮزاﻧﺪن ﭼﻨﺪ ﻣﺸﻌﻠﻪ‬1-2-11-7
Multiple-hearth incineration is used to convert
dewatered sludge cake to an inert ash. This
process is normally used only in large plants or at
the small plants where land for disposal of sludge
is limited and at chemical treatment plants for the
recalcining of lime sludges.
‫ﺳﻮزاﻧﺪن ﭼﻨﺪ ﻣﺸﻌﻠﻪ ﻛﻴﻚ ﻟﺠﻦ آﺑﮕﻴﺮي ﺷﺪه را ﺑﻪ ﺧﺎﻛﺴﺘﺮ‬
‫ اﻳﻦ ﻓﺮآﻳﻨﺪ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻً ﻓﻘﻂ ﺑﺮاي‬.‫ﺑﻲ اﺛﺮ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﻣﻴﻜﻨﺪ‬
‫ﻛﺎرﺧﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﺑﺰرگ و ﻳﺎ ﻛﺎرﺧﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﻛﻮﭼﻚ ﻛﻪ زﻣﻴﻦ ﺑﺮاي‬
‫دﻓﻊ ﻟﺠﻦ ﻣﺤﺪود ﺑﺎﺷﺪ و در ﻛﺎرﺧﺎﻧﺠﺎت ﺗﺼﻔﻴﻪ ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺮاي‬
.‫ﺗﻐﻠﻴﻆ دوﺑﺎره آﻫﻚ ﻟﺠﻦ ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻗﺮار ﮔﻴﺮد‬
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Feed sludge must contain more than 15 percent
solids because of limitations on the maximum
evaporating capacity of the furnace. Auxiliary
fuel shall be provided.
‫ﻟﺠﻦ ﺧﻮراك ﺑﻌﻠﺖ وﺟﻮد ﻣﺤﺪودﻳﺖ در ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﺗﺒﺨﻴﺮ‬
.‫ درﺻﺪ ﺟﺎﻣﺪات ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬15 ‫ﻛﺮدن ﻛﻮرهﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ داراي ﺑﻴﺶ از‬
.‫ﺳﻮﺧﺖ ﻫﺎي ﻛﻤﻜﻲ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﺎﻣﻴﻦ ﮔﺮدﻧﺪ‬
In addition to dewatering, required ancillary
processes shall include ash-handling systems and
some type of wet or dry scrubber to meet air
pollution requirements.
‫ ﻓﺮآﻳﻨﺪﻫﺎي ﻓﺮﻋﻲ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎي‬،‫ﻋﻼوه ﺑﺮ آﺑﮕﻴﺮي‬
‫ﺧﺎﻛﺴﺘﺮﺳﺎزي و ﺑﺮﺧﻲ اﻧﻮاع ﻋﺎري ﺳﺎزﻫﺎي ﻣﺮﻃﻮب ﻳﺎ ﺧﺸﻚ‬
.‫ﺑﺮاي ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻘﺖ ﺑﺎ اﻟﺰاﻣﺎت آﻟﻮدﮔﻲ ﻫﻮا ﻧﻴﺰ ﻧﻴﺎز ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ ﺳﻮزاﻧﺪن ﺑﺎ ﺑﺴﺘﺮﻫﺎي ﺳﻴﺎل‬2-2-11-7
7.11.2.2 Fluidized-bed incineration
The fluidized bed incinerator commonly used for
sludge incineration is a vertical, cylindrically
shaped refractory. Lined steel shell that contains
a sand bed and fluidized air orifices to produce
and sustain combustion. The applications of
fluidized-bed process is similar to multiple-hearth
incineration.
‫آﺷﻐﺎل ﺳﻮز ﺑﺴﺘﺮ ﺳﻴﺎل ﻛﻪ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻً ﺑﺮاي ﺳﻮزاﻧﺪن ﻟﺠﻦ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬
‫ ﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﻓﻮﻻدي‬.‫ﻣﻲﺷﻮد ﺑﺼﻮرت اﺳﺘﻮاﻧﻪ ﻋﻤﻮدي از آﺟﺮ ﻧﺴﻮز اﺳﺖ‬
‫ اﻣﻜﺎن‬،‫آﺳﺘﺮي ﺷﺪه ﺣﺎوي ﺑﺴﺘﺮ ﻣﺎﺳﻪ و روزﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻫﻮاي ﺳﻴﺎل‬
‫ ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد ﻓﺮآﻳﻨﺪ ﺑﺴﺘﺮ ﺳﻴﺎل ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ‬.‫اﺣﺘﺮاق ﭘﺎﻳﺪار را ﻓﺮاﻫﻢ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻨﺪ‬
.‫روش ﺳﻮزاﻧﺪن ﭼﻨﺪﻣﺸﻌﻠﻪ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻢ ﺳﻮزاﻧﺪن‬3-2-11-7
7.11.2.3 Co-incineration
The major objective is to reduce the combined
costs of incinerating sludge and solid wastes. The
process has the advantages of producing the heat
energy necessary to evaporate water from
sludges, supporting the combustion of solid
wastes and sludge, and providing an excess of
heat for steam generation, if desired, without the
use of auxiliary fossil fuels.
‫ﻫﺪف اﺻﻠﻲ از اﻳﻦ روش ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﺠﻤﻮع ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪﻫﺎي ﺳﻮزاﻧﺪن‬
‫ از ﻣﺰاﻳﺎي اﻳﻦ ﻓﺮآﻳﻨﺪ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ‬.‫ﻟﺠﻦ و ﺿﺎﻳﻌﺎت ﺟﺎﻣﺪ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫اﻧﺮژي ﮔﺮﻣﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺮاي ﺗﺒﺨﻴﺮ آب از ﻟﺠﻦ و اﺣﺘﺮاق ﺟﺎﻣﺪات زاﺋﺪ‬
،‫ اﮔﺮ ﻻزم ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬،‫و ﻟﺠﻦ و ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﮔﺮﻣﺎي اﺿﺎﻓﻲ ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺑﺨﺎر‬
.‫ﺑﺪون اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﺳﻮﺧﺘﻬﺎي ﻓﺴﻴﻠﻲ ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ ﺑﻮد‬
‫ اﻛﺴﻴﺪاﺳﻴﻮن ﺑﺎ ﻫﻮاي ﻣﺮﻃﻮب‬4-2-11-7
7.11.2.4 Wet-air oxidation
This process involves wet oxidation untreated
sludge at an elevated temperature and pressure. A
major disadvantage associated with this process
is the high-strength recycle liquor produced. the
liquors represent a considerable organic load on
the treatment system
‫اﻳﻦ ﻓﺮآﻳﻨﺪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ اﻛﺴﻴﺪاﺳﻴﻮن ﻣﺮﻃﻮب ﻟﺠﻦ ﺗﺼﻔﻴﻪ ﻧﺸﺪه در‬
‫ ﻳﻚ ﻋﻴﺐ ﺑﺰرگ اﻳﻦ روش ﻣﻘﺪار‬.‫ﻓﺸﺎر ودﻣﺎي ﺑﺎﻻ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ اﻳﻦ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺑﺎر ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻮﺟﻬﻲ از‬.‫ﺑﺎﻻي ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺘﻲ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪي اﺳﺖ‬
.‫ﻣﻮاد آﻟﻲ روي ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﺗﺼﻔﻴﻪ ﻣﻲﮔﺬارد‬
7.11.2.5 Wet oxidation in a vertical, deep-well
reactor
‫ اﻛﺴﻴﺪاﺳﻴﻮن ﻣﺮﻃﻮب در راﻛﺘﻮر ﻋﻤﻮدي در‬5-2-11-7
‫ﭼﺎه ﻋﻤﻴﻖ‬
This process consists of discharging liquid sludge
in the pressure and temperature controlled
environment of a tube-andshell reactor suspended
within a deep well. Advantages cited for this
process are:
‫اﻳﻦ ﻓﺮآﻳﻨﺪ ﻣﺘﺸﻜﻞ از ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ ﻟﺠﻦ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ در ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ ﺑﺎ درﺟﻪ‬
‫ﺣﺮارت و ﻓﺸﺎر ﻛﻨﺘﺮل ﺷﺪه در ﻳﻚ راﻛﺘﻮر ﻧﻮع ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻪ و ﻟﻮﻟﻪ‬
‫ﻛﻪ درون ﻳﻚ ﭼﺎه ﻋﻤﻴﻖ آوﻳﺰان ﺷﺪه ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻣﺰاﻳﺎي ﺑﻴﺎن‬
:‫ﺷﺪه اﻳﻦ روش ﻋﺒﺎرﺗﻨﺪ از‬
a) Small space requirements;
‫اﻟﻒ( ﻧﻴﺎز ﺑﻪ ﻓﻀﺎي ﻛﻤﻲ دارد؛‬
b) High removals of suspended solids and
organic matter;
‫ب ( دﻓﻊ ﻣﻘﺪار زﻳﺎد از ﺟﺎﻣﺪات ﻣﻌﻠﻖ و ﻣﻮاد آﻟﻲ؛‬
c) Little odors or objectionable air emissions,
‫ج ( اﻧﺘﺸﺎر ﺑﻮ ﻳﺎ آﻻﻳﻨﺪه ﻛﻢ ﻫﻮا ؛‬
d) Low energy requirements because the
process is exothermic.
.‫د ( اﻧﺮژي ﻛﻤﻲ ﻧﻴﺎز اﺳﺖ ﭼﻮن ﻓﺮآﻳﻨﺪ اﻧﺮژي زا اﺳﺖ‬
43
Feb. 2010/ 1388 ‫ﺑﻬﻤﻦ‬
The principal disadvantages are that it does not
have a long history of operation and maintenance,
and skilled operators are required for process
control.
IPS-E-PR-735(1)
‫از ﻣﻌﺎﻳﺐ اﺻﻠﻲ ﻧﺪاﺷﺘﻦ ﺳﺎﺑﻘﻪ ﻃﻮﻻﻧﻲ در ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت و ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮات‬
.‫و ﻧﻴﺎز ﺑﻪ ﻣﺘﺼﺪيﻫﺎي واﺣﺪ ﻣﺎﻫﺮ ﺑﺮاي ﻛﻨﺘﺮل ﻓﺮآﻳﻨﺪ دارد‬
‫ ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد زﻣﻴﻦ ﺑﺮاي ﻟﺠﻦ‬12-7
7.12 Land Application of Sludge
7.12.1 The following steps shall be evaluated for
development of a sludge land application system:
‫ ﻣﺮاﺣﻞ زﻳﺮ ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد زﻣﻴﻦ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬1-12-7
:‫ارزﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﮔﺮدد‬
a) Characterization of sludge quantity and
quality.
.‫اﻟﻒ( ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻴﺎﺗﻲ از ﻣﻘﺪار و ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ ﻟﺠﻦ‬
b) Review of pertinent federal, state and
local regulations.
.‫ ﻛﺸﻮري و ﻣﺤﻠﻲ‬،‫ب ( ﻣﺮور ﻗﻮاﻧﻴﻦ ﻓﺪرال‬
c) Evaluation and selection of site and
disposal option.
.‫ج ( ارزﻳﺎﺑﻲ و اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﻣﻜﺎن و ﮔﺰﻳﻨﻪ دﻓﻊ‬
d) Determination
of
process
design
parameters such as loading rates, land
area requirements, application methods
and scheduling.
‫د( ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﭘﺎراﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎي ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﻓﺮآﻳﻨﺪ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﻣﻴﺰان‬
‫ روﺷﻬﺎي ﻛﺎرﺑﺮدي و‬،‫ اﻟﺰاﻣﺎت ﺳﻄﺢ زﻣﻴﻦ‬،‫ﺑﺎرﮔﺬاري‬
.‫ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ رﻳﺰي‬
7.12.2 The following factors shall be considered
in evaluation of the sludge characteristics:
-
Organic content (usually measured as
volatile solids).
-
Nutrients
-
Pathogens.
-
Metals.
-
Toxic organic.
‫ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ زﻳﺮ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ در ارزﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﺧﻮاص ﻟﺠﻦ ﻣﻮرد ﺗﻮﺟﻪ‬2-12-7
:‫ﻗﺮار ﮔﻴﺮد‬
‫ ﻣﺤﺘﻮﻳﺎت ﻣﻮاد آﻟﻲ)ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻً ﺑﺼﻮرت ﺟﺎﻣﺪات ﻓﺮار اﻧﺪازه‬.(‫ﮔﻴﺮي ﻣﻴﺸﻮﻧﺪ‬
.‫ ﻣﻮاد ﻣﻐﺬي‬.‫ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﺑﻴﻤﺎري زا‬.‫ ﻓﻠﺰات‬.‫ ﻣﻮاد آﻟﻲ ﺳﻤﻲ‬-
7.12.3 If regulations require, detailed sampling
and analysis of sludge shall be made to identify
and characterize the sludge constituents so as to
determine if the sludge is suitable for land
application. Maximum annual loading rates shall
be prescribed as well as permissible cumulative
loading rates, depending on whether the land is
used for agricultural or non-agricultural purposes.
‫ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﺑﺮداري و ﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪ و‬،‫ در ﺻﻮرت اﻟﺰام ﻣﻘﺮرات‬3-12-7
7.12.4 Sludge applied to the land surface or
incorporated into the soil must be treated by a
Process to Significantly Reduce Pathogens
(PSRP). Sludge applied to land where crops for
human consumption are grown must be treated
by a Process to Further Reduce Pathogens
(PFRP). Examples of PSRP stabilization process
‫ ﻟﺠﻦ ﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ در ﺳﻄﺢ زﻣﻴﻦ ﺑﻜﺎر ﺑﺮده ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻳﺎ‬4-12-7
‫ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ دﻗﻴﻖ ﻟﺠﻦ ﺑﺮاي ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ و ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻛﺮدن اﺟﺰاء‬
‫ﻣﺘﺸﻜﻠﻪ آن ﺑﺎﻳﺪ اﻧﺠﺎم ﮔﻴﺮد ﺗﺎ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﮔﺮدد ﻛﻪ ﻟﺠﻦ ﺑﺮاي‬
‫ ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻴﺰان ﭘﺬﻳﺮش ﺳﺎﻟﻴﺎﻧﻪ‬.‫ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد زﻣﻴﻨﻲ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ اﺳﺖ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ و ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﻣﻴﺰان ﻣﺠﺎز ﺑﺎرﮔﺬاري ﺗﺠﻤﻌﻲ ﻧﻴﺰ‬
‫ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﻮد ﻛﻪ ﺑﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺑﻪ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از زﻣﻴﻦ ﺑﺮاي ﻣﻘﺎﺻﺪ‬
.‫ﻛﺸﺎورزي ﻳﺎ ﻏﻴﺮﻛﺸﺎورزي ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ ﺑﺮاي ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻋﻤﺪه‬،‫ﺑﺎ ﺧﺎك ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﻧﺪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺎ ﻳﻚ ﻓﺮآﻳﻨﺪ‬
‫ ﻟﺠﻦﻫﺎي ﺑﻜﺎر رﻓﺘﻪ در‬.‫ﻣﻮاد ﺑﻴﻤﺎري زاي آن ﺗﺼﻔﻴﻪ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
‫زﻣﻴﻦﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺤﺼﻮل ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده اﻧﺴﺎﻧﻬﺎ ﻛﺎﺷﺘﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‬
‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺎ ﻳﻚ ﻓﺮآﻳﻨﺪ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﺮاي ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﻮاد ﺑﻴﻤﺎري زاي آن‬
44
Feb. 2010/ 1388 ‫ﺑﻬﻤﻦ‬
IPS-E-PR-735(1)
are aerobic digestion, air drying, anaerobic
digestion, composting, and lime stabilization.
Examples of PFRP stabilization processes are
composting, heat drying, and thermophilic
aerobic digestion.
‫ در‬PSRP ‫ ﻣﺜﺎل ﻓﺮآﻳﻨﺪﻫﺎي ﺗﺜﺒﻴﺖ ﺳﺎزي‬.‫ﺗﺼﻔﻴﻪ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
‫ ﺗﺨﻤﻴﺮ ﺑﻲ ﻫﻮازي ﻛﻮد ﺳﺎزي‬،‫ﺗﺨﻤﻴﺮ ﻫﻮازي ﺧﺸﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﻫﻮا‬
‫ ﻣﺜﺎل ﻓﺮاﻳﻨﺪﻫﺎي ﺗﺜﺒﻴﺖ ﺳﺎزي‬.‫و ﺗﺜﺒﻴﺖ ﺑﺎ آﻫﻚ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ ﺧﺸﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﮔﺮﻣﺎﻳﻲ و ﺗﺨﻤﻴﺮ‬،‫ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻛﻮدﺳﺎزي‬PFRP
.‫ﻫﻮازي ﮔﺮﻣﺎ دوﺳﺖ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
7.12.5 For site selection and evaluation the
following factors shall be taken into
consideration:
‫ ﺑﺮاي اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﻣﻜﺎن و ارزﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ زﻳﺮ ﻣﻮرد‬5-12-7
:‫ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻗﺮار ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ‬
-
Land application option(s) such as
application to agricultural lands, forest
lands, etc.;
-
Topography;
-
Soil permeability;
-
Site drainage;
-
Depth to groundwater;
-
Subsurface geology;
‫ زﻣﻴﻦ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ زﻳﺮ ﺳﻄﺤﻲ؛‬-
-
Proximity to critical areas;
‫ ﻧﺰدﻳﻜﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺑﺤﺮاﻧﻲ؛‬-
-
Accessibility;
-
Maximum sludge loading rates based on
the pollutant limits set forth in regulatory
guidelines or by the nutrientloading rates
necessary
to
meet
vegetation
requirements.
،‫ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب)ﻫﺎي( ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد زﻣﻴﻨﻲ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ زﻣﻴﻨﻬﺎي ﻛﺸﺎورزي‬‫اراﺿﻲ ﺟﻨﮕﻠﻲ و ﻏﻴﺮه ؛‬
‫ ﻋﻮارض زﻣﻴﻦ؛‬‫ ﻧﻔﻮذ ﭘﺬﻳﺮي ﺧﺎك؛‬‫ ﻣﺤﻞ ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ ؛‬‫ ﻋﻤﻖ آﺑﻬﺎي زﻳﺮزﻣﻴﻨﻲ؛‬-
.‫ دﺳﺘﺮﺳﻲ‬‫ ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻴﺰان ﭘﺬﻳﺮش ﻟﺠﻦ ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس ﻣﺤﺪودﻳﺖ آﻟﻮده‬‫ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﻫﺎ ﻛﻪ در راﻫﻨﻤﺎي ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻤﻲ ﻣﻨﺪرج اﺳﺖ و ﻳﺎ‬
‫ﻣﻴﺰان ﭘﺬﻳﺮش ﻣﻮاد ﻣﻐﺬي ﻻزم ﺑﺮاي ﭘﻮﺷﺶ اﻟﺰاﻣﺎت‬
.‫ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬،‫ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ‬
7.12.6 Application of sludge in the liquid state is
attractive and dewatering processes are not required
in this case. Liquid sludge may be applied to land by
vehicle or by irrigation methods.
‫ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎر ﺑﺮدن ﻟﺠﻦ ﺑﺼﻮرت ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ارﺟﺢ ﺑﻮده و در اﻳﻦ‬6-12-7
Liquid sludge can be injected below the soil
surface by using tank wagons or tank trucks with
injection shanks, or it can be incorporated
immediately after the surface application by
using plows or discs equipped with sludge
distribution manifolds and covering spoons.
‫ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻣﺨﺰن واﮔﻦ ﻫﺎ ﻳﺎ ﻣﺨﺰن ﻛﺎﻣﻴﻮﻧﻬﺎ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺠﻬﺰ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ ﻟﺠﻦ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﻣﻴﺘﻮاﻧﺪ زﻳﺮ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺧﺎك ﺗﺰرﻳﻖ‬،‫ ﺗﺰرﻳﻖ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‬،‫ﻣﻴﻠﻪ‬
‫ﺷﻮد ﻳﺎ ﺑﻼﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﭘﺲ از ﺷﺨﻢ زدن زﻣﻴﻦ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺧﻴﺶ ﻳﺎ‬
.‫ ﺗﺰرﻳﻖ ﺷﻮد‬،‫دﻳﺴﻚ ﻣﺠﻬﺰ ﺑﻪ ﭼﻨﺪ راﻫﻪ ﭘﺨﺶ ﻟﺠﻦ‬
7.12.7 Special attention shall be made to
minimization of potential odors and vector attraction,
minimization of ammonia loss due to volatilization,
elimination of surface run-off, and minimum
visibility leading to better public acceptance.
‫ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺧﺎص ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺮاي ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺑﻮﻫﺎي ﻣﺤﺘﻤﻞ و‬7-12-7
‫ ﻟﺠﻦ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺖ ﺑﻪ‬.‫ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﻓﺮآﻳﻨﺪ آﺑﮕﻴﺮي ﻧﻴﺎز ﻧﻤﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
.‫وﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﺧﻮدرو و ﻳﺎ روﺷﻬﺎي آﺑﻴﺎري ﺑﻪ زﻣﻴﻦ اﻋﻤﺎل ﺷﻮد‬
‫ ﺣﺬف‬،‫ﺣﺬف ﺑﻴﻤﺎري و ﻛﺎﻫﺶ اﺗﻼف آﻣﻮﻧﻴﺎك ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﺖ ﺗﺒﺨﻴﺮ‬
‫آب ﺟﺎري و در ﻣﻌﺮض دﻳﺪ ﻧﺒﻮدن ﻛﻪ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺬﻳﺮش ﺑﻬﺘﺮ‬
.‫ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﻮد‬،‫ﻋﻤﻮم اﺳﺖ‬
‫ ﺗﺜﺒﻴﺖ ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ‬13-7
7.13 Chemical Fixation
7.13.1 The chemical fixation/solidification
process is applied to the treatment of industrial
‫ اﻧﺠﻤﺎد ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺮاي ﺗﺼﻔﻴﻪ‬/‫ ﻓﺮاﻳﻨﺪ ﺗﺜﺒﻴﺖ‬1-13-7
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sludge and hazardous wastes to immobilize the
undesirable constituents.
‫ﻟﺠﻦ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ و ﺿﺎﻳﻌﺎت ﺧﻄﺮﻧﺎك ﺑﻜﺎر ﻣﻲرود ﺗﺎ از ﭘﺨﺶ ﻣﻮاد‬
.‫ﻣﺘﺸﻜﻠﻪ ﻧﺎﻣﻄﻠﻮب آن ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮي ﻛﻨﺪ‬
7.13.2 The chemical fixation process consists of
mixing untreated or treated liquid or dewatered
sludge with stabilizing agents such as cement,
sodium silicate, pozzolan (fine-grained silicate),
and lime so as to chemically react with or
encapsulate the sludge. The process may generate
a product with a high pH, which inactivates the
pathogenic bacteria and viruses.
‫ ﻓﺮآﻳﻨﺪ ﺗﺜﺒﻴﺖ ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﺨﻠﻮط ﻛﺮدن‬2-13-7
‫ﻣﺎﻳﻌﺎت ﺗﺼﻔﻴﻪ ﺷﺪه و ﺗﺼﻔﻴﻪ ﻧﺸﺪه ﻳﺎ ﻟﺠﻦﻫﺎي آﺑﮕﻴﺮي ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎ‬
‫ ﭘﻮزاﻻن‬،‫ ﺳﻴﻠﻴﻜﺎت ﺳﺪﻳﻢ‬،‫ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﺗﺜﺒﻴﺖ ﺳﺎزي ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺳﻴﻤﺎن‬
‫)داﻧﻪﻫﺎي رﻳﺰ ﺳﻴﻠﻴﻜﺎت( و آﻫﻚ ﺑﺮاي واﻛﻨﺶ ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻟﺠﻦ‬
‫ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺖ اﻳﻦ ﻓﺮآﻳﻨﺪ ﻳﻚ ﻣﺤﺼﻮل ﺑﺎ‬.‫و ﻳﺎ ﻣﺤﺎﺻﺮه آن اﺳﺖ‬
‫ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻛﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮﻳﻬﺎ و وﻳﺮوﺳﻬﺎي ﺑﻴﻤﺎريزا را‬PH
.‫ﻏﻴﺮﻓﻌﺎل ﻛﻨﺪ‬
‫ ذﺧﻴﺮه ﺳﺎزي و دﻓﻊ ﻟﺠﻦ و ﺟﺎﻣﺪات ﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ‬،‫ اﻧﺘﻘﺎل‬-8
8. FINAL SLUDGE AND SOLIDS
CONVEYANCE, STORAGE AND
DISPOSAL
‫ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ‬1-8
8.1 General
‫ﺑﺮاي دﻓﻊ ﺿﺎﻳﻌﺎت ﺟﺎﻣــﺪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑــﻪ ﻣﺮﺟﻊ‬
8.1.1 For disposal of solid waste, reference shall
be made to IPS-G-SF-130 unless otherwise
specified in this Standard.
1-1-8
‫ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﮔﺮدد ﻣﮕﺮ ﻃﻮر دﻳﮕﺮي در اﻳﻦ‬IPS-G-SF-130
.‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
8.1.2 The solids removed as sludge from
preliminary and biological treatment processes
shall be concentrated and stabilized by biological
and thermal means and reduced in volume in
preparation for final disposal if required.
‫ ﺟﺎﻣﺪاﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻌﻨﻮان ﻟﺠﻦ از ﻓﺮآﻳﻨﺪﻫﺎي ﺗﺼﻔﻴﻪ اوﻟﻴﻪ و‬2-1-8
8.1.3 Environmental Regulations and subsurface
water pollution limitations shall be considered for
final selection of disposal method.
‫ ﻗﻮاﻧﻴﻦ زﻳﺴﺖ ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ و ﻣﺤﺪودﻳﺖ در آﻟﻮدﮔﻲ آﺑﻬﺎي‬3-1-8
‫ﺑﻴﻮﻟﻮژﻳﻜﻲ ﺟﺪا ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ وﺳﻴﻠﻪ دﺳﺘﮕﺎﻫﻬﺎي ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ و‬
‫ﺑﻴﻮﻟﻮژﻳﻜﻲ ﺗﻐﻠﻴﻆ و ﺗﺜﺒﻴﺖ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ و اﮔﺮ ﻧﻴﺎز ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺣﺠﻢ آﻧﻬﺎ‬
.‫ﺑﺮاي دﻓﻊ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻳﺎﺑﺪ‬
.‫زﻳﺮﺳﻄﺤﻲ در اﻧﺘﺨﺎب روش دﻓﻊ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﻮرد ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻗﺮار ﮔﻴﺮد‬
‫ روﺷﻬﺎي اﻧﺘﻘﺎل‬2-8
8.2 Conveyance Methods
8.2.1 General
‫ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ‬1-2-8
8.2.1.1 Sludge may be transported long distances
by pipeline, truck, barge, rail or combination of
these modes.
‫ ﻟﺠﻦ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺖ ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺖ ﻃﻮﻻﻧﻲ را ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺧﻂ‬1-1-2-8
.‫ راهآﻫﻦ ﻳﺎ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﻲ از اﻳﻨﻬﺎ ﺑﭙﻴﻤﺎﻳﺪ‬،‫ ﺑﺎرج‬،‫ ﻛﺎﻣﻴﻮن‬،‫ﻟﻮﻟﻪ‬
8.2.1.2 To minimize the danger of spills, odors,
and dissemination of pathogens to the air, liquid
sludges should be transported in closed vessels
such as tank trucks, railroad tank cars, or covered
tank barges.
‫ ﺑﺮاي ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ رﺳﺎﻧﺪن ﺧﻄﺮ ﭘﺎﺷﺶ و اﻧﺘﺸﺎر ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ‬2-1-2-8
Stabilized, dewatered sludges may be transferred
in open vessels, such as dump trucks if permitted
by the Company and allowed by the regulations.
However, if the sludge is hauled long distances,
the vessels should be covered.
‫ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ ﺷﺮﻛﺖ اﺟﺎزه دﻫﺪ و ﻗﻮاﻧﻴﻦ ﻣﺠﺎز ﺑﺪاﻧﻨﺪ ﻟﺠﻦﻫﺎي ﺗﺜﺒﻴﺖ‬
‫ ﻳﺎ آﺑﮕﻴﺮي ﺷﺪه ﻣﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺖ در ﻣﺨﺎزن ﺳﺮﺑﺎز ﺗﻮﺳﻂ‬،‫ﺷﺪه‬
‫ ﺑﺎ اﻳﻦ وﺟﻮد اﮔﺮ ﻣﺨﺎزن ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺖ‬.‫ﻛﺎﻣﻴﻮﻧﻬﺎي زﺑﺎﻟﻪ ﻣﻨﺘﻘﻞ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
.‫ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﺨﺎزن داراي ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬،‫ﻃﻮﻻﻧﻲ را ﺑﭙﻴﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ‬
‫ ﻟﺠﻦ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺑﺎﻳﺴﺘﻲ در ﻣﺨﺎزن ﺳﺮﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ‬،‫ﺑﻴﻤﺎري زا در ﻫﻮا‬
‫ﻣﺨﺰن ﻛﺎﻣﻴﻮﻧﻬﺎ و ﻣﺨﺎزن راهآﻫﻦ ﻳﺎ ﻣﺨﺎزن ﭘﻮﺷﺶدار ﺣﻤﻞ‬
.‫ﮔﺮدﻧﺪ‬
‫ ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ‬2-2-8
8.2.2 Pipeline
8.2.2.1 In general, the energy requirements for
long distance transportation of untreated sludges
‫ در ﻛﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺟﻬﺖ اﻟﺰاﻣﺎت اﻧﺮژي از ﺣﻤﻞ و ﻧﻘﻞ‬1-2-2-8
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Feb. 2010/ 1388 ‫ﺑﻬﻤﻦ‬
IPS-E-PR-735(1)
with a solids concentration of more than 6
percent shall be prohibitive.
‫ﻟﺠﻦ ﻫﺎي ﺗﺼﻔﻴﻪ ﻧﺸﺪه در ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺖ ﻫﺎي ﻃﻮﻻﻧﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﺑﻴﺶ‬
.‫ درﺻﺪ ﻣﻮاد ﺟﺎﻣﺪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮي ﺷﻮد‬6 ‫از‬
8.2.2.2 Adequate flowrates in large diameter
pipes shall be maintained to reduce the possibility
of grit accumulation, grease build up in unlined
pipes and other problems resulting from low flow
conditions.
‫ ﻣﻴﺰان ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﻛﺎﻓﻲ در ﻟﻮﻟﻪﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ ﻗﻄﺮﻫﺎي ﺑﺰرگ‬2-2-2-8
‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺣﻔﻆ ﺷﻮد ﺗﺎ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ اﺣﺘﻤﺎل ﺗﺠﻤﻊ ﻣﺎﺳﻪ ﺳﻨﮕﻬﺎ و‬
‫ﮔﺮﻳﺲ در ﻟﻮﻟﻪ و ﻣﺸﻜﻼت دﻳﮕﺮ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ از ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﻛﻢ‬
.‫ﺷﻮد‬
‫ ﻛﺎﻣﻴﻮن‬3-2-8
8.2.3 Truck
8.2.3.1 Trucking is the most flexible and most
widely used method for transporting sludge.
Either liquid or dewatered sludge may be hauled
by truck to diverse destinations.
‫ ﻛﺎﻣﻴﻮن ﻗﺎﺑﻞ اﻧﻌﻄﺎفﺗﺮﻳﻦ و ﮔﺴﺘﺮدهﺗﺮﻳﻦ روش‬1-3-2-8
8.2.3.2 Trucking dewatered sludge is usually the
most economical method for small to medium
sized treatment facilities.
ً‫ ﺣﻤﻞ ﻟﺠﻦ آﺑﮕﻴﺮي ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎ ﻛﺎﻣﻴﻮن ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻ‬2-3-2-8
‫ ﻟﺠﻦ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﻳﺎ آﺑﮕﻴﺮي ﺷﺪه‬.‫ﺑﺮاي ﺣﻤﻞ و ﻧﻘﻞ ﻟﺠﻦ اﺳﺖ‬
.‫ﻣﻴﺘﻮاﻧﺪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻛﺎﻣﻴﻮن ﺑﻪ ﻣﻘﺎﺻﺪ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ اﻧﺘﻘﺎل ﻳﺎﺑﺪ‬
‫ﺑﻬﺘﺮﻳﻦ روش اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي ﺑﺮاي ﺗﺎﺳﻴﺴﺎت ﺗﺼﻔﻴﻪ ﺑﺎ اﻧﺪازه ﻛﻮﭼﻚ‬
.‫ﺗﺎ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ ﺑﺎرج‬4-2-8
8.2.4 Barge
8.2.4.1 Barge transport is generally economical
only for large facilities treating wastewater flows
in excess of 15800 m³/h or in locations where one
barge can serve several plants. Barges can also be
used for carrying dewatered sludge in containers.
‫ ﺑﺎرج ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻً ﺑﺮاي اﻧﺘﻘﺎل ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻت ﻛﺎرﺧﺎﻧﺠﺎت‬1-4-2-8
8.2.4.2 Barging sludge for ocean disposal shall be
prohibited.
‫ از دﻓﻊ ﻟﺠﻦ ﺑﺎرج ﻫﺎ در اﻗﻴﺎﻧﻮس ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﻤﺎﻧﻌﺖ‬2-4-2-8
m³/h15800 ‫ﺑﺰرگ ﻛﻪ ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﭘﺴﺎب ﺗﺼﻔﻴﻪ ﺷﺪه آن از‬
‫ﺗﺠﺎوز ﻛﻨﺪ و ﻳﺎ در ﻣﻜﺎنﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺤﺼﻮل ﭼﻨﺪ ﻛﺎرﺧﺎﻧﻪ را ﻣﻲ‬
‫ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺑﺎرج ﻫﺎ‬.‫ﺗﻮان ﺑﺎ ﻳﻚ ﺑﺎرج ﻣﻨﺘﻘﻞ ﻛﺮد اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي اﺳﺖ‬
‫ﺑﺮاي ﺣﻤﻞ و ﻧﻘﻞ ﻇﺮوف ﻣﺤﺘﻮي ﻟﺠﻦ آﺑﮕﻴﺮي ﺷﺪه ﻧﻴﺰ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ‬
.‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‬
.‫ﻛﺮد‬
‫ ﺧﻂ آﻫﻦ‬5-2-8
8.2.5 Rail
8.2.5.1 Rail transportation may be used for the
sludges of any consistency, but those with high
solids content are transported most economically.
‫ ﺧﻂ آﻫﻦ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺖ ﺑﺮاي ﻟﺠﻦ ﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ داراي‬1-5-2-8
8.2.5.2 The use of rail transportation for small
quantities of sludges or for short distances is not
justifiable economically.
‫ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﺧﻂ آﻫـﻦ ﺑﺮاي ﻣﻘﺎدﻳﺮ ﻛــﻢ ﻟﺠﻦ و‬2-5-2-8
8.2.6 Environmental considerations in sludge
transportation
‫ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺎت زﻳﺴﺖ ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ در ﺣﻤﻞ و ﻧﻘﻞ ﻟﺠﻦ‬6-2-8
Environmental features such as air pollutant load,
traffic, noise, etc. should be taken into
consideration in sludge transportation. On a mass
basis, the transportation mode than contributes
the lowest pollutant load is piping. Next, in
sequence, are barging and Unit train rail
transportation. the highest pollutant load is from
trucking.
‫ ﺻﺪا‬،‫ ﺗﺮاﻓﻴﻚ‬،‫ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ زﻳﺴﺖ ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ از ﻗﺒﻴﻞ ﺗﻮان آﻟﻮدﮔﻲ ﻫﻮا‬
‫ از ﻧﻈﺮ‬.‫و ﻏﻴﺮه ﺑﺎﻳﺴﺘﻲ در اﻧﺘﻘﺎل ﻟﺠﻦ ﻣﻮرد ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻗﺮار ﮔﻴﺮد‬
‫ ﻛﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ آﻟﻮدﮔﻲ در اﻧﺘﻘﺎل ﺑﺎ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ اﺳﺖ و ﺑﻌﺪ از آن ﺑﻪ‬،‫وزﻧﻲ‬
‫ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺑﺎرج و واﺣﺪﻫﺎي ﺣﻤﻞ و ﻧﻘﻞ ﺑﺎ راهآﻫﻦ و ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ‬
.‫آﻟﻮدﮔﻲ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺣﻤﻞ ﺑﺎ ﻛﺎﻣﻴﻮن ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ﻫﺮﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻏﻠﻈﺘﻲ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻗﺮار ﺑﮕﻴﺮد وﻟﻲ ﺑﺮاي‬
.‫اﻧﺘﻘﺎل ﻟﺠﻦﻫﺎي ﺑﺎ ﻣﺤﺘﻮﻳﺎت ﺟﺎﻣﺪات زﻳﺎد اﻗﺘﺼﺎديﺗﺮ اﺳﺖ‬
.‫ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺖﻫﺎي ﻛﻮﺗﺎه ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺎً اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي ﻧﻤﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
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IPS-E-PR-735(1)
‫ ذﺧﻴﺮه ﺳﺎزي ﻟﺠﻦ‬3-8
8.3 Sludge Storage
8.3.1 General
‫ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ‬1-3-8
Sludge that has been digested an aerobically
before it is disposed of or used beneficially shall
be stored.
‫ﻟﺠﻨﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ وﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﻓﺮآﻳﻨﺪ ﻏﻴﺮﻫﻮازي ﺗﺨﻤﻴﺮ ﺷﺪه ﻗﺒﻞ از دﻓﻊ‬
.‫و ﻳﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺳﻮدﻣﻨﺪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ذﺧﻴﺮه ﮔﺮدد‬
Storage of liquid sludge can be accomplished in
sludge storage basins, and storage of dewatered
sludge can be done on storage pads.
‫ذﺧﻴﺮه ﻟﺠﻦ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﻣﻲﺗﻮاﻧﺪ در ﺣﻮﺿﭽﻪﻫﺎي ذﺧﻴﺮه ﻟﺠﻦ ﺻﻮرت‬
‫ﮔﻴﺮد و ذﺧﻴﺮه ﻟﺠﻦﻫﺎي آﺑﮕﻴﺮي ﺷﺪه ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺑﺼﻮرت‬
.‫ﻻﻳﻪ اي اﻧﺠﺎم ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮد‬
‫ ذﺧﻴﺮه ﺳﺎزي ﻟﺠﻦ و ﺣﻮﺿﭽﻪ ﻫﺎ‬2-3-8
8.3.2 Sludge storage and basins
8.3.2.1 If the basins are not loaded too heavily,
provision of an aerobic surface layer through the
growth of algae and by atmospheric reaeration
shall be considered. Alternatively, surface
aerators can be used to maintain aerobic
conditions in the upper layers.
‫ ﻳﻚ ﻻﻳﻪ ﺳﻄﺢ‬،‫ اﮔﺮ ﺣﻮﺿﭽﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺧﻴﻠﻲ ﭘﺮ ﻧﺒﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬1-2-3-8
8.3.2.2 The number of basins to be used should
be sufficient to allow each basin to be out of
service for a period of about six months.
‫ ﺗﻌﺪاد ﺣﻮﺿﭽﻪﻫﺎي ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ اﻧﺪازهاي‬2-2-3-8
8.3.2.3 The depth of the sludge storage basin
should be 3 to 5 m.
3 ‫ ﻋﻤﻖ ﺣﻮﺿﭽﻪ ﻫﺎي ذﺧﻴﺮه ﻟﺠﻦ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ در ﺣﺪود‬3-2-3-8
‫ﻫﻮازي ﺗﻮﺳﻂ رﺷﺪ ﺟﻠﺒﻚ از ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻫﻮادﻫﻲ ﺟﻮي ﺑﺎﻳﺪ در ﻧﻈﺮ‬
‫ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻫﻮاده ﻫﺎي ﺳﻄﺤﻲ ﺑﺮاي‬،‫ روش دﻳﮕﺮ‬.‫ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﻮد‬
.‫ﺗﺎﻣﻴﻦ ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﻫﻮادﻫﻲ در ﻻﻳﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺑﺎﻻﻳﻲ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ ﻣﺎه را‬6 ‫ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﺗﺎ اﻣﻜﺎن ﺧﺮوج از ﻛﺎرﺑﺮي ﻫﺮ ﺣﻮﺿﭽﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪت‬
.‫ﻓﺮاﻫﻢ ﻛﻨﺪ‬
.‫ ﻣﺘﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬5 ‫ﺗﺎ‬
‫ ذﺧﻴﺮه ﺳﺎزي ﻻﻳﻪ اي ﻟﺠﻦ‬3-3-8
8.3.3 Sludge storage pads
8.3.3.1 Where dewatered sludge has to be stored
prior to land application, sufficient storage area
should be provided based on the number of
consecutive days that sludge hauling could occur
without applying sludge to land. Allowances also
have to be made for paved access and for area to
maneuver the sludge-hauling trucks, loaders, and
application vehicles.
‫ در ﺻﻮرﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻟﺠﻦ آﺑﮕﻴﺮي ﺷﺪه ﻗﺒﻞ از دﻓﻊ در‬1-3-3-8
8.3.3.2 The storage pads should be constructed of
concrete or bituminous concrete and designed to
withstand the truck loadings and sludge piles.
‫ ذﺧﻴﺮه ﺳﺎزي ﻻﻳﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ از ﺑﺘﻦ ﻳﺎ ﺑﺘﻦ ﻗﻴﺮاﻧﺪود‬2-3-3-8
8.3.3.3 Provisions for leachate and stormwater
collection and disposal shall be considered.
‫ ﺗﻤﻬﻴﺪات ﺑﺮاي ﺟﻤﻊ آوري آب ﺷﺴﺘﺸﻮ و‬3-3-3-8
‫ ﻻزم اﺳﺖ ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺖ ﻛﺎﻓﻲ ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس ﺗﻌﺪاد‬،‫زﻣﻴﻦ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ اﻧﺒﺎر ﺷﻮد‬
‫ ﺑﺪون‬،‫روزﻫﺎي ﻣﺘﻮاﻟﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻓﺮآﻳﻨﺪ ﺣﻤﻞ ﻟﺠﻦ ﻫﺎ اداﻣﻪ دارد‬
‫ راه ﻋﺒﻮر ﻛﺎﻓﻲ‬.‫ وﺟﻮد داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬،‫رﻳﺨﺘﻦ ﻟﺠﻦ روي زﻣﻴﻦ‬
‫ ﻟﻮدر و وﺳﺎﻳﻞ‬،‫ﺑﺮاي دﺳﺘﺮﺳﻲ و ﻣﺎﻧﻮر ﻛﺎﻣﻴﻮنﻫﺎي ﺣﻤﻞ ﻟﺠﻦ‬
.‫ﻧﻘﻠﻴﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﻌﺒﻴﻪ ﺷﻮد‬
‫ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه و ﻃﻮري ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺗﺤﻤﻞ ﺑﺎرﮔﺬاري‬
.‫ﻛﺎﻣﻴﻮن و ﺗﻮده ﻟﺠﻦ را داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬
.‫ﺳﻴﻼب و دﻓﻊ آن ﺑﺎﻳﺪ در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﻮد‬
8.4 Final Disposal
‫ دﻓﻊ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ‬4-8
8.4.1 General
‫ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ‬1-4-8
‫ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬،‫ ﺑﺮاي دﻓﻊ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﻟﺠﻦ و ﺟﺎﻣﺪات ﻏﻴﺮﺳﻮدﻣﻨﺪ‬1-1-4-8
8.4.1.1 Final disposal for the sludge and solids
that are not beneficially used usually involves
some form of land disposal.Ocean disposal of
sludge shall be prohibited.
‫از ﺑﺮﺧﻲ اﻧﻮاع دﻓﻦ زﻣﻴﻨﻲ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻛﺮد و از دﻓﻊ ﻟﺠﻦ در‬
.‫اﻗﻴﺎﻧﻮﺳﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮي ﺷﻮد‬
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Feb. 2010/ 1388 ‫ﺑﻬﻤﻦ‬
8.4.1.2 As in the case of land application of
sludge, the regulations for other methods of
sludge disposal shall be required close attention
and reviewed when planning and designing
sludge disposal facilities.
IPS-E-PR-735(1)
‫ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﻘﺮرات ﺳﺎﻳﺮ‬،‫ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد زﻣﻴﻨﻲ ﻟﺠﻦ‬2-1-4-8
‫روﺷﻬﺎي دﻓﻊ ﻟﺠﻦ در ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ رﻳﺰي و ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات‬
.‫دﻓﻊ ﻟﺠﻦ ﺑﺪﻗﺖ ﻣﻮرد ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻗﺮار ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ‬
‫ دﻓﻦ ﻛﺮدن در زﻣﻴﻦ‬2-4-8
8.4.2 Landfilling
8.4.2.1 If a suitable site is convenient, landfill can
be used for disposal of sludge, grease, grit, and
other solids. Stabilization may be required
depending on state or local regulations.
‫ اﮔﺮ ﻳﻚ ﻣﻜﺎن ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ دﺳﺘﺮس ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻣﻲﺗﻮان‬1-2-4-8
8.4.2.2 Dewatering of sludge shall be required to
reduce the volume to be transported and to
control the generation of leachate from the
landfill.
‫ آﺑﮕﻴﺮي از ﻟﺠﻦ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺣﺠﻢ در ﺣﻤﻞ‬2-2-4-8
8.4.2.3 In a true sanitary landfill, the wastes shall
be deposited in a designated area, compacted in
place with a tractor or roller, and covered with a
30 cm layer of clean soil.
‫ ﺿﺎﻳﻌﺎت‬،‫ در دﻓﻦ ﻛﺮدن ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﺿﺎﻳﻌﺎت ﺑﻬﺪاﺷﺘﻲ‬3-2-4-8
8.4.2.4 Special attention shall be made to
minimization of the nuisance conditions such as
odors and flies.
‫ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺧﺎص ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺮاي ﺑﻪ ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ رﺳﺎﻧﺪن ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ‬4-2-4-8
8.4.2.5 In selecting a land disposal site,
consideration must be given to:
‫ در اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﻣﻜﺎن دﻓﻊ ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻈﺮ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺎت‬5-2-4-8
a)
‫ ﮔﺮﻳﺲ و ﺳﻨﮓرﻳﺰه و دﻳﮕﺮ ﺟﺎﻣﺪات‬،‫از آن ﺑﺮاي دﻓﻊ ﻟﺠﻦ‬
‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻛﺮد ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻗﻮاﻧﻴﻦ ﻛﺸﻮري و ﻣﺤﻠﻲ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ‬
.‫اﺳﺖ ﺗﺜﺒﻴﺖ ﺳﺎزي ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻴﺎز ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫و ﻧﻘﻞ و ﻛﻨﺘﺮل ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ آب ﺟﺪاﺷﺪه ﺣﺎﺻﻞ از دﻓﻦ ﻟﺠﻦ ﺿﺮوري‬
.‫ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ در ﻣﻜﺎن ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻈﺮ ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ و ﺑﻪ وﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﻏﻠﺘﻚ ﻳﺎ ﺗﺮاﻛﺘﻮر ﻣﺘﺮاﻛﻢ‬
‫ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻲ ﻣﺘﺮ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داده‬30 ‫ﺷﺪه و ﺑﺎ ﻳﻚ ﻻﻳﻪ ﺧﺎك ﺗﻤﻴﺰ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻤﻖ‬
.‫ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
.‫ﻧﺎﻣﻄﻠﻮب ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺑﻮﻫﺎ و ﻣﮕﺲ ﻫﺎ در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﻮد‬
:‫زﻳﺮ در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﻮد‬
Environmentally sensitive areas such as
wetlands, flood plains, recharge zones
for aquifers, and habitats for endangered
pecies;
b)
Run-off control to surface water;
c)
Groundwater protection;
d)
Air pollution from dust, particles, and
odors;
e)
Disease vectors;,
f)
Safety as related to toxic materials,
fires, and access.
‫اﻟﻒ( ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺣﺴﺎس ﻣﺤﻴﻂ زﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ زﻣﻴﻦ ﻫﺎي‬
،‫ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺗﻐﺬﻳﻪ ﺳﻔﺮه آب‬،‫ ﻣﺴﻴﻞﻫﺎ‬،‫ﻣﺮﻃﻮب‬
‫زﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎه ﻣﻮﺟﻮدات در ﺧﻄﺮ؛‬
‫ب ( ﻛﻨﺘﺮل ورود آﺑﻬﺎي ﺟﺎري ﺑﻪ آﺑﻬﺎي ﺳﻄﺤﻲ؛‬
‫ج ( ﻣﺤﺎﻓﻈﺖ از آﺑﻬﺎي زﻳﺮزﻣﻴﻨﻲ؛‬
‫د ( آﻟﻮدﮔﻲ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ از ﮔﺮد و ﺧﺎك و ذرات و ﺑﻮﻫﺎ؛‬
‫ﻫ( ﻧﺎﻗﻞﻫﺎي ﺑﻴﻤﺎري ؛‬
‫ آﺗﺶ ﺳﻮزي ﻫﺎ و‬،‫و ( اﻳﻤﻨﻲ در راﺑﻄﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻮاد ﺳﻤﻲ‬
.‫ﻣﺴﻴﺮﻫﺎي دﺳﺘﺮﺳﻲ‬
8.4.2.6 Trucks carrying wet sludge and grit
should be able to reach the site without passing
through heavily populated areas or business
districts.
‫ ﻛﺎﻣﻴﻮﻧﻬﺎي ﺣﺎﻣﻞ ﻟﺠﻦ ﻫﺎي ﺧﻴﺲ و ﺳﻨﮓ رﻳﺰه‬6-2-4-8
‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻗﺎدر ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﺑﺪون ﮔﺬر از ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﭘﺮ ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ و ﻧﻮاﺣﻲ‬
.‫ﺗﺠﺎري ﺑﻪ ﻣﺤﻞ ﺑﺮﺳﻨﺪ‬
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IPS-E-PR-735(1)
‫ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﺣﻮﺿﭽﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺳﻄﺤﻲ‬3-4-8
8.4.3 Lagooning
For lagooning, reference should also be made to
Article 7.9.8 of this Standard.
‫ اﻳﻦ‬8-9-7 ‫ﺑﺮاي ﺣﻮﺿﭽﻪ ﺳﻄﺤﻲ ﺳﺎزي ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺎراﮔﺮاف‬
. ‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﺷﻮد‬
8.4.3.1 Lagooning is economical if the treatment
plant is in a remote location.
‫ در ﺻﻮرﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻛﺎرﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﺗﺼﻔﻴﻪ در ﻳﻚ ﻣﻜﺎن دور‬1-3-4-8
8.4.3.2 Excess liquid from the lagoon, if there is
any, shall be returned to the plant for treatment.
‫ ﻣﺎﻳﻌﺎت اﺿﺎﻓﻲ ﺗﺎﻻبﻫﺎ در ﺻﻮرت وﺟﻮد ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺮاي‬2-3-4-8
8.4.3.3 Lagoons should be located away from the
roads, highways and dwellings to minimize
possible nuisance conditions and should be
fenced to keep out unauthorized persons.
‫ ﺑﺮاي ﺑﻪ ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ رﺳﺎﻧﺪن ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﻣﺰاﺣﻢ اﺣﺘﻤﺎﻟﻲ‬3-3-4-8
8.4.3.4 Subsurface drainage and percolation
should be investigated to determine if the
underlying groundwater will be affected.
‫ ﺗﺮاوش و ﻓﺮورﻓﺖ ﺑﺎﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﺷﻮد ﺗﺎ اﺛﺮ آﻧﻬﺎ‬4-3-4-8
8.4.3.5 The lagoon shall be lined, if excessive
percolation is a problem or if regulations require
leachate control.
‫ اﮔﺮ ﻣﺸﻜﻞ ﻓﺮورﻓﺖ زﻳﺎد ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻳﺎ ﻣﻘﺮرات ﻛﻨﺘﺮل‬5-3-4-8
.‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﺣﻮﺿﭽﻪ ﺳﻄﺤﻲ ﻣﻘﺮون ﺑﻪ ﺻﺮﻓﻪ اﺳﺖ‬
.‫ﺗﺼﻔﻴﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎرﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﺎزﮔﺮداﻧﺪه ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
‫ﺣﻮﺿﭽﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺳﻄﺤﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ دور از ﺟﺎده ﻫﺎ و اﺗﻮﺑﺎن ﻫﺎ و ﻣﺤﻞ‬
‫ﺗﺎ از‬.‫ﻣﺴﻜﻮﻧﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ و ﺑﺎﻳﺪ دور آﻧﻬﺎ ﺣﻔﺎظ وﺟﻮد داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
.‫ورود اﻓﺮاد ﻏﻴﺮﻣﺴﺌﻮل ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮي ﺷﻮد‬
.‫ﺑﺮ آﺑﻬﺎي زﻳﺮ ﺳﻄﺤﻲ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﮔﺮدد‬
‫آب ﺷﺴﺘﺸﻮ ﺧﺎك را اﻟﺰاﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ ﺣﻮﺿﭽﻪ ﺳﻄﺤﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ آﺳﺘﺮ‬
.‫ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
‫ ﺳﻮزاﻧﺪن‬5-8
8.5 Incineration
For incineration, reference should also be made
to thermal reduction process applications outlined
in Article 7.11.2 above.
‫ﺑﺮاي ﺳﻮزاﻧﺪن ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎرﺑﺮدﻫﺎي ﻓﺮآﻳﻨﺪي اﺣﻴﺎي ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ ﺷﺮح‬
.‫ ﻓﻮق ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﺷﻮد‬2-11-7 ‫داده ﺷﺪه در ﺑﻨﺪ‬
8.5.1 Incinerators are generally limited to
situations where adequate land for disposal of
raw wastes is limited, or where land disposal or
other procedures are impractical.
‫ آﺷﻐﺎل ﺳﻮزﻫﺎ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﺎ ﻣﺤﺪود ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮاﻳﻄﻲ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ‬1-5-8
8.5.2 The chief advantage of incineration is
reduction of waste containing organic matter to a
relatively small volume of inert material. The
chief disadvantage is the high initial cost and
operating cost.
‫ ﻣﺰﻳﺖ اﺻﻠﻲ اﻳﻦ روش ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﻮاد زاﺋﺪ آﻟﻲ ﺣﺎوي‬2-5-8
8.5.3 Steam generation shall be considered if
feasible and economically justified.
‫ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺑﺨﺎر آب ﻧﻴﺰ اﮔﺮ ﻋﻤﻠﻲ و ﻣﻘﺮون ﺑﻪ ﺻﺮﻓﻪ‬3-5-8
8.5.4 Air pollution regulations for smoke, fly ash,
or hydrocarbon content of stack gases must be
considered in the design stage.
‫ ﺧﺎﻛﺴﺘﺮ‬،‫ ﺑﺠﻬﺖ دود‬،‫ ﻣﻘﺮرات ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ آﻟﻮدﮔﻲ ﻫﻮا‬4-5-8
‫زﻣﻴﻦ ﻛﺎﻓﻲ ﺑﺮاي دﻓﻊ ﺿﺎﻳﻌﺎت ﺧﺎم ﻧﺒﻮده ﻳﺎ دﻓﻊ زﻣﻴﻨﻲ ﻳﺎ‬
.‫دﻳﮕﺮ روش ﻫﺎ ﻋﻤﻠﻲ ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ﻣﻮاد ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺠﻢ ﻛﻢ ﻣﻮاد ﺑﻲ اﺛﺮ اﺳﺖ و ﻋﻴﺐ اﺻﻠﻲ اﻳﻦ‬
.‫روش ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﺑﺎﻻي ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪ ﮔﺬاري اوﻟﻴﻪ و ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺗﻲ آن اﺳﺖ‬
.‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﻮد‬
‫ ﻳﺎ ﻫﻴﺪروﻛﺮﺑﻦﻫﺎي ﻣﻮﺟﻮد در ﮔﺎزﻫﺎي دودﻛﺶ ﺑﺎﻳﺴﺘﻲ‬، ‫ﺑﺎدي‬
.‫در ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
8.5.5 Incinerator feeds should be limited to solid
or semisolid paste like materials of low moisture
content. Slurry type sludges, such as oil-water
separator sludge and tank bottoms, can be
‫ ﺧﻮراكﻫﺎي آﺷﻐﺎل ﺳﻮز ﺑﺎﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﻣﺤﺪود ﺑﻪ ﺟﺎﻣﺪات‬5-5-8
.‫ﺑﺎ ﺷﺒﻪ ﺟﺎﻣﺪات ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﻣﻮاد ﺧﻤﻴﺮي داراي رﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﻛﻢ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬
‫ﻟﺠﻦ ﻫﺎي از ﻧﻮع دوﻏﺎب ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﻟﺠﻦ دﺳﺘﮕﺎﻫﻬﺎي ﺟﺪاﻛﻨﻨﺪه‬
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dewatered and deoiled by centrifugation or
filteration to produce a solids cake suitable for
incineration.
‫ ﻧﻔﺖ و ﻟﺠﻦ ﻛﻒ ﻣﺨﺎزن ﺑﻪ وﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﻧﻴﺮوي ﮔﺮﻳﺰ از ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﻳﺎ‬،‫آب‬
‫ﺻﺎف ﻛﺮدن آﺑﮕﻴﺮي ﺷﺪه و ﻣﻴﺘﻮاﻧﻨﺪ ﻛﻴﻚ ﺟﺎﻣﺪ ﺑﺮاي‬
.‫ﺳﻮزاﻧﺪن را ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‬
8.5.6 Cake can be transported by belt, screw, or
ribbon conveyors to a skip hoist which will
elevate the cake to a charge hopper, Other solids
including relatively dry spent clay, trash, rubbish,
and garbage in trucks can be charged directly to
the feed hopper from a truck ramp or indirectly
using clam shell equipment. Liquid wastes can be
burned with appropriate burners in the firebox.
‫ ﻣﻴﻠﻪ ﻣﺎرﭘﻴﭽﻲ ﻳﺎ ﻧﻮار ﻧﻘﺎﻟﻪ‬، ‫ ﻛﻴﻚ ﻣﻴﺘﻮاﻧﺪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺗﺴﻤﻪ‬6-5-8
8.5.7 Special attention shall be made to provide
water scrubbers or cyclone separators if required
by air pollution regulations.
‫ ﺗﻌﺒﻴﻪ ﻋﺎري‬،‫ در ﺻﻮرﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻗﻮاﻧﻴﻦ آﻟﻮدﮔﻲ ﻫﻮا اﻟﺰام ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‬7-5-8
8.5.8 A smoke monitor and alarm shall be
provided.
.‫ ﻧﺸﺎﻧﮕﺮ و ﻫﺸﺪار دﻫﻨﺪه دود ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﻌﺒﻴﻪ ﮔﺮدﻧﺪ‬8-5-8
8.5.9 Stacks shall be sufficiently elevated to
disperse the gases and to avoid concentrations of
contaminants, such as sulphur dioxide, at high
ground levels.
‫ دودﻛﺶ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ اﻧﺪازه ﻛﺎﻓﻲ ﺑﺮاي ﻣﺘﻔﺮق ﻛﺮدن‬9-5-8
‫ﮔﺎزﻫﺎ و ﺑﺮاي اﺟﺘﻨﺎب از ﺗﺠﻤﻊ ﻣﻮاد آﻟﻮدهﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ دي‬
.‫ ﺑﻠﻨﺪ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬،‫اﻛﺴﻴﺪ ﮔﻮﮔﺮد و در ﺳﻄﻮح ﻣﺮﺗﻔﻊ زﻣﻴﻦ‬
8.5.10 The incinerators can be equipped with
multiple or single hearth (see 7.11.2.1 of this
Standard).
‫ آﺷﻐﺎل ﺳﻮزﻫﺎ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮاﻧﻨﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻳﻚ ﻳﺎ ﭼﻨﺪ آﺗﺶ دان‬10-5-8
.(‫ اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد دﻳﺪه ﺷﻮد‬1-2-11-7 ‫) ﺑﺨﺶ‬.‫ﻣﺠﻬﺰ ﮔﺮدﻧﺪ‬
‫ﺣﻤﻞ و ﺑﻮﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﻳﻚ ﺑﺎﻻﺑﺮ ﻛﻴﻚ را ﺑﺪاﺧﻞ ﻣﺨﺰن ﻗﻴﻔﻲ ﺧﻮراك‬
‫ ذرات‬،‫ آﺷﻐﺎل‬،‫ ﺟﺎﻣﺪات دﻳﮕﺮ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﮔﻞ ﻧﺴﺒﺘﺎً ﺧﺸﻚ‬. ‫ﺣﻤﻞ ﻣﻴﻜﻨﺪ‬
‫ ﺧﺎﻛﺮوﺑﻪ داﺧﻞ ﻛﺎﻣﻴﻮن ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻤﺎً ﻳﺎ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ‬، ‫زﺑﺎﻟﻪ‬
‫ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺨﺰن ﻗﻴﻔﻲ ﺧﻮراك ﺑﺎرﮔﻴﺮي ﻣﻴﺸﻮد‬.‫ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات داراي ﭼﻨﮕﺎل‬
‫ﺿﺎﻳﻌﺎت ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﻣﻲﺗﻮاﻧﻨﺪ در ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ اﺣﺘﺮاق ﺑﺎ ﻣﺸﻌﻞﻫﺎي ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ‬
.‫ﺳﻮزاﻧﺪه ﺷﻮد‬
‫ﺳﺎزﻫﺎي آﺑﻲ ﻳﺎ ﺟﺪاﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺳﻴﻜﻠﻮﻧﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﻮرد ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺧﺎص ﻗﺮار‬
.‫ﮔﻴﺮد‬
‫ ﺣﻤﻞ و دﻓﻊ ﺧﺎﻛﺴﺘﺮ‬6-8
8.6 Ash Handling and Disposal
The ash may or may not be wetted by a water
spray as it is removed. The ash can be dropped
into a pit and removed by an elevating device to a
hopper which is emptied into a truck when
required. Ash may be used for road, fire bank,
and tank foundation construction.
‫ﺧﺎﻛﺴﺘﺮﻫﺎ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺖ در ﻫﻨﮕﺎم دﻓﻊ ﺧﺸﻚ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﻳﺎ ﺑﺎ‬
‫ ﺧﺎﻛﺴﺘﺮ ﻣﻲﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺑﻪ داﺧﻞ ﭼﺎﻟﻪ اﻓﺘﺎده‬.‫اﺳﭙﺮي آب ﺧﻴﺲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
‫از ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﺑﻪ وﺳﻴﻠﻪ دﺳﺘﮕﺎﻫﻬﺎي ﺑﺎﻻﺑﺮﻧﺪه در ﺻﻮرت ﻧﻴﺎز ﺑﻪ‬
.‫ﻳﻚ ﻣﺨﺰن ﻗﻴﻔﻲ و از آﻧﺠﺎ ﺑﻪ داﺧﻞ ﻛﺎﻣﻴﻮن ﺧﺎﻟﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
‫ﺧﺎﻛﺴﺘﺮ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺖ ﺑﺮاي ﺟﺎده ﻫﺎ و ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ اﺣﺘﺮاق و ﺳﺎﺧﺖ‬
.‫ﭘﻲ ﺑﺘﻨﻲ )ﻓﻮﻧﺪاﺳﻴﻮن( ﻣﺨﺰن ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻗﺮار ﮔﻴﺮد‬
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APPENDICES
‫ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺖﻫﺎ‬
APPENDIX A
‫ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺖ اﻟﻒ‬
TABLE A.1 - SOURCES OF SOLIDS AND SLUDGE FROM A CONVENTIONAL WASTE WATER
TREATMENT PLANT
.‫ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﺟﺎﻣﺪات و ﻟﺠﻦ ﻫﺎي ﺣﺎﺻﻞ از ﻳﻚ واﺣﺪ ﻣﺘﺪاول ﺗﺼﻔﻴﻪ ﭘﺴﺎب‬-1-‫ﺟﺪول اﻟﻒ‬
UNIT OPERATION
OR PROCESS
‫واﺣﺪ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺗﻲ ﻳﺎ ﻓﺮآﻳﻨﺪي‬
TYPES OF SOLIDS
OR SLUDGE
‫ﻧﻮع ﻟﺠﻦ ﻳﺎ ﺟﺎﻣﺪات‬
Screening
Coarse solids
‫ﻏﺮﺑﺎل ﻛﺮدن‬
‫ﺟﺎﻣﺪات درﺷﺖ‬
REMARKS
‫ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺎت‬
Coarse solids are removed by mechanical and handcleaned bar screens. In small plants,
screenings are often comminuted for removal in subsequent treatment Units.
‫ ﻏﺮﺑﺎل ﻛﺮدن ﺑﻌﺪ از ﺧﺮد‬،‫ در واﺣﺪﻫﺎي ﻛﻮﭼﻚ‬.‫ﺟﺎﻣﺪات درﺷﺖ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻏﺮﺑﺎﻟﻬﺎي ﻣﻴﻠﻪاي ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ و دﺳﺘﻲ ﺣﺬف ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
.‫ﻛﺮدن در واﺣﺪﻫﺎي ﺗﺼﻔﻴﻪ ﺑﻌﺪي ﻗﺮار دارد‬
Grit removal
Grit and scum
‫ﺣﺬف ﺷﻦ‬
Pre-aeration
Grit and scum
‫ﭘﻴﺶ ﻫﻮازﻧﻲ‬
Primary sedimentation
‫ﺗﻪ ﻧﺸﻴﻨﻲ اوﻟﻴﻪ‬
Scum removal facilities are often omitted in grit removal facilities.
‫ﺷﻦ و ﺗﻔﺎﻟﻪ روي ﺳﻄﺢ‬
‫ﺷﻦ و ﺗﻔﺎﻟﻪ روي ﺳﻄﺢ‬
. ‫ﺗﺎﺳﻴﺴﺎت دﻓﻊ ﻛﻒ اﻏﻠﺐ در ﺗﺎﺳﻴﺴﺎت دﻓﻊ ﺷﻦ ﺣﺬف ﻣﻲ ﮔﺮدﻧﺪ‬
In some plants, scum removal facilities are not provided in pre-aeration tanks. If the preaeration tanks are not preceded by grit removal facilities, grit deposition may occur in preaeration tanks.
‫ ﺗﺎﺳﻴﺴﺎت ﺣﺬف ﻛﻒ در ﻣﺨﺎزن ﭘﻴﺶ ﻫﻮادزﻧﻲ وﺟﻮد ﻧﺪارد اﮔﺮ ﻣﺨﺎزن ﭘﻴﺶ ﻫﻮازﻧﻲ ﻗﺒﻞ از ﺗﺎﺳﻴﺴﺎت‬، ‫در ﺑﻌﻀﻲ از واﺣﺪﻫﺎ‬
. ‫ ﺗﻪ ﻧﺸﻴﻨﻲ ﺷﻦ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺖ در ﻣﺨﺎزن ﭘﻴﺶ ﻫﻮازﻧﻲ رخ دﻫﺪ‬. ‫ﺣﺬف ﺷﻦ ﻣﻮﺟﻮد ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ‬
Primary sludge and
scum
‫ﻟﺠﻦ و ﺗﻔﺎﻟﻪ روي ﺳﻄﺢ اوﻟﻴﻪ‬
Quantities of sludge and scum depend upon the nature of the collection system and whether
industrial wastes are discharged to the system.
.‫ﻣﻘﺪار ﻟﺠﻦ و ﻛﻒ ﺑﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺖ ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﺟﻤﻊ آوري و ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺖ ﺿﺎﻳﻌﺎت ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ ورودي ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ دارد‬
Biological treatment
‫ﺗﺼﻔﻴﻪ ﺑﻴﻮﻟﻮژﻳﻜﻲ‬
Suspended solids
‫ﺟﺎﻣﺪات ﻣﻌﻠﻖ‬
Suspended solids are produced by the biological conversion of BOD.
Some form of thickening may be required to concentrate the waste sludge stream from
biological treatment.
‫ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ از اﻧﻮاع ﺗﻐﻠﻴﻆ ﺳﺎزي ﻣﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺖ ﻻزم ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﺿﺎﻳﻌﺎت‬. ‫ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﻧﺪ‬BOD ‫ﺟﺎﻣﺪات ﻣﻌﻠﻖ در ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﺑﻴﻮﻟﻮژﻳﻜﻲ‬
. ‫ﻟﺠﻦ در ﺗﺼﻔﻴﻪ ﺑﻴﻮﻟﻮژﻳﻜﻲ را ﻏﻠﻴﻆ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‬
Secondary sedimentation
‫ﺗﻪ ﻧﺸﻴﻨﻲ ﺛﺎﻧﻮﻳﻪ‬
Secondary sludge and
Scum
‫ﻟﺠﻦ ﺛﺎﻧﻮﻳﻪ و ﻛﻒ‬
Provision for scum removal from secondary settling tanks is a requirement of the US
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).
. ‫( ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬EPA) ‫ﺗﻤﻬﻴﺪات ﺑﺮاي ﺣﺬف ﻛﻒ از ﻣﺨﺎزن ﺗﻪ ﻧﺸﻴﻨﻲ ﺛﺎﻧﻮﻳﻪ از اﻟﺰاﻣﺎت آژاﻧﺲ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ از ﻣﺤﻴﻂ زﻳﺴﺖ آﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ‬
Sludge-processing
facilities
‫ﺗﺎﺳﻴﺴﺎت ﺗﺼﻔﻴﻪ ﻟﺠﻦ‬
Sludge,
compost
,and Ashes
‫ ﻛﻮد و ﺧﺎﻛﺴﺘﺮ‬،‫ﻟﺠﻦ‬
The characteristics of the end products depend on the characteristics of the sludge being
treated and the operations and processes used.
Regulations for the disposal of residuals are becoming increasingly stringent.
‫ ﻣﻘﺮرات ﺑﺮاي‬.‫ﺧﻮاص ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻت ﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮاص ﻟﺠﻨﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺗﺼﻔﻴﻪ ﻣﻴﺸﻮد و ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت و ﻓﺮآﻳﻨﺪﻫﺎي ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده دارد‬
. ‫دﻓﻊ ﺗﻪ ﻣﺎﻧﺪه ﻣﺮﺗﺒﺎً ﺳﺨﺘﺮ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﻧﺪ‬
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‫ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺖ ب‬
APPENDIX B
‫ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت ﺟﺎﻣﺪات و ﻟﺠﻦ ﻫﺎ‬
TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF
SOLIDS AND SLUDGE
TABLE B.1 - CHARACTERISTICS OF SOLIDS AND SLUDGE PRODUCED DURING WASTE
WATER TREATMENT
.‫ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت ﺟﺎﻣﺪات و ﻟﺠﻦ ﻫﺎي ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺷﺪه در ﻓﺮآﻳﻨﺪ ﺗﺼﻔﻴﻪ ﭘﺴﺎب‬1-‫ﺟﺪول ب‬
SOLID OR SLUDGE
DESCRIPTION
‫ﺟﺎﻣﺪ ﻳﺎ ﻟﺠﻦ‬
‫ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺤﺎت‬
Screenings
‫ﻏﺮﺑﺎل ﺷﺪه ﻫﺎ‬
Screenings include all types of organic and inorganic materials large enough to be removed on bar racks. The
organic content varies, depending on the nature of the system and the season of the year.
‫ ﻣﻘﺪار ﻣﻮاد آﻟﻲ‬.‫ﻏﺮﺑﺎل ﺷﺪه ﻫﺎ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ اﻧﻮاع ﻣﻮاد آﻟﻲ و ﻣﻌﺪﻧﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺪ ﻛﺎﻓﻲ ﺑﺰرگ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ در روي ﻣﻴﻠﻪ ﻫﺎي آﺷﻐﺎل ﮔﻴﺮ ﺣﺬف ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
. ‫ﻣﺘﻔﺎوت ﺑﻮده و ﺑﻪ ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺖ ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ و ﻓﺼﻞ ﺳﺎل ﺑﺴﺘﮕﻲ دارد‬
Grit
Grit is usually made of the heavier inorganic solids that settle with relatively high velocities.
‫ﺷﻦ‬
Depending on the operating conditions, grit may also contain significant amounts of organic matter, especially fats
and grease.
‫ ﺷﻦ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺖ‬،‫ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺗﻲ‬. ‫ﺷﻦ اﻏﻠﺐ از ﺟﺎﻣﺪات ﻣﻌﺪﻧﻲ ﺳﻨﮕﻴﻦ ﺗﺮ ﻛﻪ در ﺳﺮﻋﺘﻬﺎي ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ ﺗﻪ ﻧﺸﻴﻦ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪهاﻧﺪ‬
. ‫ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺣﺎوي ﻣﻘﺪار ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻮﺟﻬﻲ از ﻣﻮاد آﻟﻲ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﺎ" ﭼﺮﺑﻴﻬﺎ وﮔﺮﻳﺲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
Scum/grease
‫ روﻏﻦ‬/‫ﻛﻒ‬
Scum consists of the floatable materials skimmed from the surface of primary and secondary settling tanks. Scum
may contain grease, vegetable and mineral oils, animal fats, waxes, soaps, food wastes, vegetable and fruit skins,
hair, paper and cotton, cigarette tips, plastic materials, grit particles, and similar materials. The relative density
(specific gravity) of scum is less than 1.0 and usually around 0.95.
‫ ﻛﻒ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺖ ﺣﺎوي ﮔﺮﻳﺲ‬.‫ﺗﻔﺎﻟﻪ روي ﺳﻄﺢ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻮاد ﺷﻨﺎور اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ از ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﺨﺎزن ﺗﻪ ﻧﺸﻴﻨﻲ اوﻟﻴﻪ و ﺛﺎﻧﻮﻳﻪ روﻳﻪ ﺑﺮداري ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ‬
‫ ﻣﻮاد‬،‫ ﺗﻪ ﺳﻴﮕﺎر‬،‫ ﻛﺎﻏﺬ و ﭘﺎرﭼﻪ‬، ‫ ﻣﻮ‬،‫ ﺳﺒﺰﻳﺠﺎت و ﭘﻮﺳﺖ ﻣﻴﻮه‬،‫ﺻﺎﺑﻮﻧﻬﺎ ﺿﺎﻳﻌﺎت ﻏﺬاﻳﻲ‬، ‫ ﻣﻮمﻫﺎ‬،‫ﭼﺮﺑﻲ ﺣﻴﻮاﻧﻲ‬، ‫روﻏﻨﻬﺎي ﻧﺒﺎﺗﻲ و ﻣﻌﺪﻧﻲ‬،
. ‫ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬0,95 ‫ ﭼﮕﺎﻟﻲ ﻧﺴﺒﻲ )ﺟﺮم وﻳﮋه( ﻛﻒ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ از ﻳﻚ و اﻏﻠﺐ در ﺣﺪود‬.‫ ذرات ﺷﻦ وﻣﻮاد ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬،‫ﭘﻼﺳﺘﻴﻜﻲ‬
Primary sludge
‫ﻟﺠﻦ اوﻟﻴﻪ‬
Sludge from primary settling tanks is usually gray and slimy and, in most cases, has an extremely offensive odor.
Primary sludge can be readily digested under suitable conditions of operation.
‫ ﻟﺠﻦ اوﻟﻴﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ‬.‫ﻟﺠﻦ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ از ﻣﺨﺎزن اوﻟﻴﻪ ﺗﻪ ﻧﺸﻴﻨﻲ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻً ﺧﺎﻛﺴﺘﺮي و ﻟﺰج اﺳﺖ و در اﻏﻠﺐ ﻣﻮارد ﺑﻮي ﺑﻲ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ رﻧﺞ آوري دارد‬
.‫ﺗﺤﺖ ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺗﻲ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺗﺨﻤﻴﺮ ﺷﻮد‬
Sludge from chemical
Precipitation
‫ﻟﺠﻦ از ﺗﻪ ﻧﺸﻴﻨﻲ ﻣﻮاد ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ‬
Sludge from chemical precipitation with metal salts is usually dark in color, though its surface may be red if it
contains much iron. Lime sludge is grayish brown. The odor of chemical sludge may be objectionable, but is not as
bad as primary sludge.
While chemical sludge is somewhat slimy, the hydrate of iron or aluminum in it makes it gelatinous. If the sludge is
left in the tank, it undergoes decomposition similar to primary sludge, but at a slower rate. Substantial quantities of
gas may be given off and the sludge density increased by long residence times in storage.
.‫ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺖ ﻗﺮﻣﺰ ﺷﻮد‬،‫ ﺳﻄﺢ آﻧﻬﺎ اﮔﺮ ﺣﺎوي آﻫﻦ زﻳﺎدي ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬،‫ﻟﺠﻦ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ از ﺗﻪ ﻧﺸﻴﻨﻲ ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻧﻤﻜﻬﺎي ﻓﻠﺰي ﻋﻤﻮﻣﺎ رﻧﮓ ﺗﻴﺮه دارﻧﺪ‬
‫ زﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻟﺠﻦ‬.‫ اﻣﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺪي ﻟﺠﻦ اوﻟﻴﻪ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‬،‫ ﺑﻮي ﻟﺠﻦ ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺖ ﻣﺸﻤﺌﺰ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬.‫ﻟﺠﻦ آﻫﻜﻲ ﻗﻬﻮه اي ﺧﺎﻛﺴﺘﺮي ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ ﺷﺒﻴﻪ ﻟﺠﻦ اوﻟﻴﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ‬،‫ اﮔﺮ ﻟﺠﻦ در ﻣﺨﺎزن رﻫﺎ ﺷﻮد‬.‫ ﻫﻴﺪرات آﻫﻦ ﻳﺎ آﻟﻮﻣﻴﻨﻴﻢ آﻧﺮا ژﻻﺗﻴﻨﻲ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ‬،‫ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﻣﻮاﻗﻊ ﻟﺰج اﺳﺖ‬
.‫ اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﻳﺎﺑﺪ‬،‫ ﻣﻘﺎدﻳﺮ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻮﺟﻬﻲ از ﮔﺎزﻫﺎ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺖ ﺧﺎرج ﺷﻮﻧﺪ و ﭼﮕﺎﻟﻲ ﻟﺠﻦ ﺑﺎ اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ زﻣﺎن اﻗﺎﻣﺖ‬.‫ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد‬
Activated sludge
‫ﻟﺠﻦ ﻓﻌﺎل‬
Activated sludge generally has a brownish, flocculant appearance. If the color is dark, the sludge may be
approaching a septic condition. If the color is lighter than usual, there may have been under aeration with a
tendency for the solids to settle slowly. Sludge in good condition has an inoffensive "earthy" odor. The sludge tends
to become septic rapidly and then has a disagreeable odor of putrefaction. Activated sludge will digest readily alone
or when mixed with primary sludge.
‫ اﮔﺮ رﻧﮓ‬.‫ ﻟﺠﻦ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﮔﻨﺪﻳﺪﮔﻲ ﻧﺰدﻳﻚ ﺷﻮد‬،‫ اﮔﺮ رﻧﮓ آن ﺗﻴﺮه ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬.‫ﻟﺠﻦ ﻓﻌﺎل ﻋﻤﻮﻣﺎً رﻧﮓ ﺧﺮﻣﺎﻳﻲ و ﻇﺎﻫﺮ ﺗﻮده اي دارد‬
‫ ﻟﺠﻦ در ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﺧﻮب ﺑﺪون‬.‫ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺖ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﻫﻮازي ﺗﻤﺎﻳﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻪ ﻧﺸﻴﻨﻲ آرام ﺟﺎﻣﺪات داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬،‫آن روﺷﻦ ﺗﺮ از ﻣﻌﻤﻮل ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ ﻟﺠﻦ ﻓﻌﺎل ﺑﻪ ﺗﻨﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺗﺨﻤﻴﺮ ﺷﺪه‬.‫ ﻟﺠﻦ ﺗﻤﺎﻳﻞ ﺑﻪ ﮔﻨﺪﻳﺪﮔﻲ ﺳﺮﻳﻊ و در ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﺑﻮي ﺗﻌﻔﻦ دارد‬.‫ﺑﻮي زﻧﻨﺪه ﺑﻮده و ﺑﻮي "ﺧﺎك" دارد‬
.‫ﻳﺎ ﺑﺎ ﻟﺠﻦ اوﻟﻴﻪ ﻣﺨﻠﻮط ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد‬
53
Feb. 2010/ 1388 ‫ﺑﻬﻤﻦ‬
SOLID OR SLUDGE
IPS-E-PR-735(1)
DESCRIPTION
‫ﺟﺎﻣﺪ ﻳﺎ ﻟﺠﻦ‬
‫ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺤﺎت‬
Trickling-filter sludge
‫ﻟﺠﻦ ﻓﻴﻠﺘﺮ ﭼﻜﻨﺪه‬
Humus sludge from trickling filters is brownish, flocculant, and relatively inoffensive when fresh. It generally
undergoes decomposition more slowly than other undigested sludges. When trickling-filter sludge contains many
worms, it may become inoffensive quickly. Trickling-filter sludge digests readily.
‫ اﻳﻦ ﻟﺠﻦ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﺎ ﻛﻨﺪﺗﺮ از ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻟﺠﻦ ﻫﺎي‬.‫ ﺗﻮده اي و ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﺎ ﺑﺪون ﺑﻮي زﻧﻨﺪه اﺳﺖ‬،‫ ﺧﺮﻣﺎﻳﻲ رﻧﮓ‬،‫ﻟﺠﻦ ﺧﺎﻛﺒﺮگ ﺗﺎزه ﺣﺎﺻﻞ از ﻓﻴﻠﺘﺮ ﭼﻜﻨﺪه‬
‫ ﻟﺠﻦ‬.‫ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺑﺪون ﺑﻮي زﻧﻨﺪه ﺷﻮد‬،‫ زﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻟﺠﻦ ﻓﻴﻠﺘﺮ ﭼﻜﻨﺪه ﺣﺎوي ﻛﺮﻣﻬﺎي زﻳﺎدي اﺳﺖ‬.‫ﺗﺨﻤﻴﺮ ﻧﺸﺪه ﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد‬
.‫ﻓﻴﻠﺘﺮ ﭼﻜﻨﺪه ﺑﻪ ﺳﻬﻮﻟﺖ ﺗﺨﻤﻴﺮ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد‬
Digested sludge (aerobic)
(‫ﻟﺠﻦ ﺗﺨﻤﻴﺮ ﺷﺪه)ﻫﻮازي‬
Aerobically digested sludge is brown to dark brown and has a flocculant appearance. The odor of aerobically
digested sludge is not offensive; it is often characterized as musty.
Well digested aerobic sludge dewaters easily on drying beds.
‫ ﺑﻮي ﻟﺠﻦ ﺗﺨﻤﻴﺮ ﺷﺪه ﻫﻮازي زﻧﻨﺪه ﻧﻴﺴﺖ و ﺧﺎﺻﻴﺘﻲ‬. ‫ﻟﺠﻦ ﺗﺨﻤﻴﺮ ﺷﺪه ﻫﻮازي رﻧﮓ ﻗﻬﻮه اي ﺗﺎ ﻗﻬﻮه اي ﺗﻴﺮه داﺷﺘﻪ و ﻇﺎﻫﺮ ﻟﺨﺘﻪ اي دارد‬
.‫ ﻟﺠﻦ ﺗﺨﻤﻴﺮ ﺷﺪه ﻫﻮازي ﺧﻮب در ﺑﺴﺘﺮ ﻫﺎي ﺧﺸﻚ ﻛﻦ ﺑﺮاﺣﺘﻲ آب زداﻳﻲ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد‬.‫ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﻣﻮاد ﻛﭙﻚ زده دارد‬
Digested sludge (anaerobic)
(‫ﻟﺠﻦ ﺗﺨﻤﻴﺮ ﺷﺪه )ﻏﻴﺮ ﻫﻮازي‬
An aerobically digested sludge is dark brown to black and contains an exceptionally large quantity of gas. When
thoroughly digested, it is not offensive, its odor being relatively faint and like that of hot tar, burnt rubber, or
sealing wax. When drawn off onto porous beds in thin layers, the solids first are carried to the surface by the
entrained gases, leaving a sheet of comparatively clear water. The water drains off rapidly and allows the solids to
sink down slowly on to the bed. As the sludge dries, the gases escape, leaving a well-cracked surface with an odor
resembling that of garden loam.
‫ﻟﺠﻦ ﺗﺨﻤﻴﺮ ﺷﺪه ﻏﻴﺮ ﻫﻮازي ﻗﻬﻮه اي ﺗﻴﺮه ﺗﺎ ﺳﻴﺎه ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ و ﺣﺎوي ﻣﻘﺎدﻳﺮ زﻳﺎد ﮔﺎز ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ زﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻛﻞ ﺗﺨﻤﻴﺮ ﺷﻮد زﻧﻨﺪه ﻧﺒﻮده‬
‫ زﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻪ روي ﺑﺴﺘﺮ ﻣﺘﺨﻠﺨﻞ ﺑﺎ ﻻﻳﻪﻫﺎي ﻧﺎزك‬.‫ﭘﻼﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﺳﻮﺧﺘﻪ ﻳﺎ ﻣﻮم ﻧﺸﺖ ﺑﻨﺪي‬، ‫وﺑﻮي آن ﻧﺴﺒﺘﺎً ﺿﻌﻴﻒ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺷﺒﻴﻪ ﻗﻄﺮان ﮔﺮم‬
‫ آب ﺳﺮﻳﻌﺎً ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ ﺷﺪه و ﺑﻪ ﺟﺎﻣﺪات‬.‫ﺑﻴﺎﻓﺘﺪ اﺑﺘﺪا ﺟﺎﻣﺪات ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﮔﺎزﻫﺎي ﻫﻤﺮاه ﺑﻪ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺣﻤﻞ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد و ﻳﻚ ﺻﻔﺤﻪ آب ﺗﻤﻴﺰ ﺑﺎﻗﻲ ﻣﻲ ﻣﺎﻧﺪ‬
‫ ﺑﺎ ﺧﺸﻚ ﺷﺪن ﻟﺠﻦ ﮔﺎزﻫﺎ ﺧﺎرج ﺷﺪه ﻳﻚ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺧﻮب ﺗﺮك ﺧﻮرده ﺑﺎ ﺑﻮﻳﻲ ﺷﺒﻴﻪ ﺧﺎك ﺑﺎﻏﺒﺎﻧﻲ‬.‫اﺟﺎزه ﻣﻲ دﻫﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺑﻪ اراﻣﻲ روي ﺑﺴﺘﺮ ﺑﻴﻔﺘﻨﺪ‬
.‫ﺑﺠﺎي ﻣﻲ ﮔﺬارد‬
Composted sludge
‫ﻟﺠﻦ ﻛﻮدي‬
Composted sludge is usually dark brown to black, but the color may vary if bulking agents such as recycled
compost or wood chips have been used in the composting process. The odor of well-composted sludge is
inoffensive and resembles that of commercial garden-type soil conditioners.
‫ﻟﺠﻦ ﻛﻮدي ﻫﻤﻴﺸﻪ رﻧﮓ ﻗﻬﻮه اي ﺗﻴﺮه ﺗﺎ ﺳﻴﺎه دارد اﮔﺮ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﻮده ﺳﺎز ﻣﺜﻞ ﻛﻮد ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺘﻲ ﻳﺎ ﺗﺮاﺷﻪ ﭼﻮب در ﻓﺮاﻳﻨﺪ ﻛﻮدﺳﺎزي اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﻮد‬
‫ ﺑﻮي ﻟﺠﻦ ﺧﻮب ﻛﻮد ﺷﺪه زﻧﻨﺪه ﻧﺒﻮده و ﺷﺒﻴﻪ اﺻﻼح ﻛﻨﻨﺪهﻫﺎي ﺧﺎﻛﻲ ﻧﻮع – ﺑﺎﻏﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﺗﺠﺎري ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‬.‫ﻣﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺖ رﻧﮓ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻛﻨﺪ‬
Septage
‫ﮔﻨﺪزداﻳﻲ‬
Sludge from septic tanks is black. Unless the sludge is well digested by long storage, it is offensive because of the
hydrogen sulfide and other gases that it gives off. The sludge can be dried on porous beds if spread out in thin
layers, but objectionable odors can be expected while it is draining unless it is well-digested.
‫ ﺑﻮي آن ﺑﻪ ﺧﺎﻃﺮ‬،‫ ﺑﻪ ﻏﻴﺮ از ﻣﻮاردي ﻛﻪ ﻟﺠﻦ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ اﻧﺒﺎرش زﻳﺎد ﺧﻮب ﺗﺨﻤﻴﺮ ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬.‫ﻟﺠﻦﻫﺎي ﺧﺮوﺟﻲ از ﻣﺨﺎزن ﮔﻨﺪ زدا ﺳﻴﺎه ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‬
‫ ﻟﺠﻦ در ﺑﺴﺘﺮﻫﺎي ﻣﺘﺨﻠﺨﻞ در ﺻﻮرت ﭘﺨﺶ ﺑﺼﻮرت ﻻﻳﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻧﺎزك ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ‬.‫ﺳﻮﻟﻔﻴﺪ ﻫﻴﺪروژن و ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﮔﺎزﻫﺎي ﺧﺮوﺟﻲ از آن زﻧﻨﺪه اﺳﺖ‬
.‫ اﻣﺎ ﺗﺎ زﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺧﻮب ﺗﺨﻤﻴﺮ ﻧﺸﺪه ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺑﻮي ﺑﺪ از آن اﻧﺘﻈﺎر ﻣﻲ رود‬،‫ﺧﺸﻚ ﺷﻮد‬
54
Feb. 2010/ 1388 ‫ﺑﻬﻤﻦ‬
IPS-E-PR-735(1)
TABLE B.2 - TYPICAL CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND PROPERTIES OF UNTREATED AND
DIGESTED SLUDGE
‫ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﺎت ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ و ﺧﻮاص ﻟﺠﻦ ﻫﺎي ﺗﺨﻤﻴﺮ ﺷﺪه و ﺗﺼﻔﻴﻪ ﻧﺸﺪه‬2-‫ﺟﺪول ب‬
ITEM
Total dry solids (TS),%
DIGESTED PRIMARY
SLUDGE
‫ﻟﺠﻦ اوﻟﻴﻪ ﺗﺨﻤﻴﺮ ﺷﺪه‬
UNTREATED PRIMARY
SLUDGE
‫ﻟﺠﻦ اوﻟﻴﻪ ﺗﺼﻔﻴﻪ ﻧﺸﺪه‬
‫ﻋﻨﻮان‬
RANGE
‫ﻣﺤﺪوده‬
TYPICAL
‫ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ‬
RANGE
‫ﻣﺤﺪوده‬
TYPICAL‫ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ‬
ACTIVATED
SLUDGE,
RANGE
، ‫ﻟﺠﻦ ﻓﻌﺎل‬
‫ﻣﺤﺪوده‬
2.0-8.0
5.0
6.0-12.0
10.0
0.83-1.16
Volatile solids (% of TS)
‫ﺟﺎﻣﺪات ﻓﺮار‬
Grease and fats (% of TS)‫ﮔﺮﻳﺲ ﻫﺎ و ﭼﺮﺑﻲ ﻫﺎ‬
60.80
65
30-60
40
59-88
Ether soluble
6-30
---
5-20
18
---
---
---
5-12
15-20
18
32-41
‫ﻛﻞ ﺟﺎﻣﺪات ﺧﺸﻚ‬
‫اﺗﺮ ﻣﺤﻠﻮل‬
‫اﺗﺮ اﺳﺘﺨﺮاﺟﻲ‬
7-35
---
Protein (% of TS)
‫ﭘﺮوﺗﺌﻴﻦ‬
20-30
25
Nitrogen (N, % of TS)
‫ﻧﻴﺘﺮوژن‬
.5-4
2.5
1.6-6.0
3.0
2.4-5.0
Phosphorus (P2O5, % of TS)
‫ﻓﺴﻔﺮ‬
10.8-2.8
1.6
1.5-4.0
2.5
2.8-11.0
Potas (K2O, % of TS)
‫ﭘﺘﺎس‬
0-1
0.4
0.0-3.0
1.0
0.5-0.7
Cellulose (% of TS)
‫ﺳﻠﻮﻟﻮز‬
8.0-15.0
10.0
8.0-15.0
10.0
---
Ether extract
Iron (not as sulfide) (‫آﻫﻦ )ﻧﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﺳﻮﻟﻔﻴﺪ‬
Silica (SiO2, % of TS)
pH
Alkalinity (mg/L as CaCO3)
‫ﺳﻴﻠﻴﻜﺎ‬
Organic acids (mg/L as Hac)
‫اﺳﻴﺪﻫﺎي آﻟﻲ‬
Energy content, Btu/b
‫ﻣﺤﺘﻮاي اﻧﺮژي‬
‫ﻗﻠﻴﺎﻳﻴﺖ‬
2.0-4.0
2.5
3.0-8.0
4.0
---
15.0-20.0
5.0-8.0
500-1.500
--6.0
600
10.0-20.0
6.5-7.5
2,500-3,500
--7.0
3,000
--6.5-8.0
580-1,100
200-2.000
10,00012,500
500
100-600
200
1,100-1,700
11,000
4,000-6,000
5,000
8,000-10,000
Note:
:‫ﻳﺎدآوري‬
Btu/lb × 2.3241 = kJ/kg
TABLE B.3 - TYPICAL METAL CONTENT IN WASTE WATER SLUDGE
‫ب‬Ĥ‫ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻓﻠﺰات ﻣﻮﺟﻮد در ﻟﺠﻦ ﻫﺎي ﭘﺴ‬3-‫ﺟﺪول ب‬
Metal
‫ﻓﻠﺮ‬
DRY SLUDGE, mg/kg
Arsenic
‫آرﺳﻨﻴﻚ‬
Cadmium
‫ﻛﺎدﻣﻴﻮم‬
Range
‫داﻣﻨﻪ‬
1.1-230
‫ﻟﺠﻦ ﺧﺸﻚ‬
Median
‫ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ‬
10
1-3,410
10
500
Chromium
‫ﻛﺮوم‬
10-99,000
Cobalt
‫ﻛﺒﺎﻟﺖ‬
11.3-2,490
30
800
‫ﻣﺲ‬
84-17,000
Iron
‫آﻫﻦ‬
1,000-154,000
17,000
Lead
‫ﺳﺮب‬
13-26,000
500
‫ﻣﻨﮕﻨﺰ‬
32-9,870
260
‫ﺟﻴﻮه‬
0.6-56
6
Copper
Manganese
Mercury
Molybdenum
Nickel
‫ﻣﻮﻟﻴﺒﺪن‬
0.1-214
4
‫ﻧﻴﻜﻞ‬
2-5,300
80
‫ﺳﻠﻨﻴﻮم‬
1.7-17.2
5
Tin
‫ﻗﻠﻊ‬
2.6-329
14
Zinc
‫روي‬
101-49,000
1,700
Selenium
55
Feb. 2010/ 1388 ‫ﺑﻬﻤﻦ‬
IPS-E-PR-735(1)
‫ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺖ ج‬
APPENDIX C
‫ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﻘﺎدﻳﺮ و ﻏﻠﻈﺘﻬﺎي ﻟﺠﻦﻫﺎ‬
TYPICAL QUANTITIES AND
CONCENTRATIONS OF SLUDGES
TABLE C.1 - TYPICAL DATA FOR THE PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND QUANTITIES OF
SLUDGE PRODUCED FROM VARIOUS WASTE WATER TREATMENT OPERATIONS AND
PROCESSES
‫ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ داده ﻫﺎ ﺑﺮاي ﺧﻮاص ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻜﻲ و ﻣﻘﺎدﻳﺮ ﻟﺠﻦ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺷﺪه از ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت ﺗﺼﻔﻴﻪ ﭘﺴﺎب و ﻓﺮآﻳﻨﺪﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ‬1-‫ﺟﺪول ج‬
TREATMENT OPERATION
OR PROCESS
‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت ﺗﺼﻔﻴﻪ ﻳﺎ ﻓﺮآﻳﻨﺪي‬
Primary sedimentation ‫رﺳﻮب ﮔﺬاري اوﻟﻴﻪ‬
Activated sludge (waste sludge)
(‫ﻟﺠﻦ ﻓﻌﺎل )ﻟﺠﻦ ﺿﺎﻳﻌﺎت‬
Trickling filtration (waste sludge)
(‫ﺻﺎف ﻛﺮدن ﭼﻜﻨﺪه)ﻟﺠﻦ ﺿﺎﻳﻌﺎت‬
Extended aeration (waste sludge)
(‫ﻫﻮادﻫﻲ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ)ﻟﺠﻦ ﺿﺎﻳﻌﺎت‬
Aerated lagoon (waste sludge)
(‫ﺣﻮﺿﭽﻪ ﺳﻄﺤﻲ ﻫﻮازﻧﻲ )ﻟﺠﻦ ﺿﺎﻳﻌﺎت‬
Filtration
1.4
1.02
108.5-168.7
150.6
1.25
1.005
72.3-96.4
84.3
1.45
1.025
60.2-96.4
72.3
1.30
1.025
84.3-120.5
72.3a
1.30
1.01
84.3-120.5
72.3a
1.20
1.005
12.1-24.2
18.1
1.20
1.005
12.1-24.2
18.1
Low lime (350-500 mg/L)‫آﻫﻚ ﻛﻢ‬
1.9
1.04
301.2b
High lime (800-1,600 mg/L)‫آﻫﻚ زﻳﺎد‬
2.2
1.05
241.0-397.6
602.41325.3
---
---
---
-c
1.20
1.005
12.1-30.1
18.1
1.28
1.02
---
-d
Roughing filters
‫ﺻﺎﻓﻲﻫﺎي ﺳﺨﺘﻲ ﮔﻴﺮ‬
795.2b
‫ ﺑﺎ ﻓﺮض ﻧﺪاﺷﺘﻦ ﺗﺼﻔﻴﻪ اوﻟﻴﻪ‬a
Assuming no primary treatment.
‫ ﻟﺠﻦ ﺑﻌﻼوه آﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﻋﺎدي ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺗﻪ ﻧﺸﻴﻨﻲ اوﻟﻴﻪ‬b
‫ﺣﺬف ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد‬
Sludge in addition to that normally removed by
primary sedimentation.
b
c
Dry solids, kg/10³m³
‫ﺟﺎﻣﺪات ﺧﺸﻚ‬
Range
Typical
‫ﻣﺤﺪوده‬
‫ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ‬
Algae removal
‫ﺣﺬف ﺟﻠﺒﻚ‬
Chemical addition to primary sedimentation
tanks for phosphorus removal
‫اﻓﺰودن ﻣﻮاد ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺨﺰن ﺗﻪ ﻧﺸﻴﻨﻲ اوﻟﻴﻪ ﺑﺮاي ﺣﺬف‬
‫ﻓﺴﻔﺮ‬
‫ﺻﺎف ﻛﺮدن‬
Suspended-growth nitrification
‫ازت زﻧﻲ رﺷﺪ ﻣﻮاد ﻣﻌﻠﻖ‬
Suspended-growth denitrification
‫ازت ﮔﻴﺮي رﺷﺪ ﻣﻮاد ﻣﻌﻠﻖ‬
a
RELATIVE DENSITY RELATIVE DENSITY
(Specific gravity) of
(Specific gravity) of
solids
sludge
(‫ﭼﮕﺎﻟﻲ ﻧﺴﺒﻲ) ﺟﺮم ﻣﺨﺼﻮص‬
(‫ﭼﮕﺎﻟﻲ ﻧﺴﺒﻲ) ﺟﺮم ﻣﺨﺼﻮص‬
‫ﺟﺎﻣﺪات‬
‫ﻟﺠﻦ‬
‫ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺻﺮﻓﻨﻈﺮ ﻛﺮدن‬c
Negligible.
‫ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﻟﺠﻦ از ﻓﺮآﻳﻨﺪ ﺗﺼﻔﻴﻪ ﺑﻴﻮﻟﻮژﻳﻜﻲ ﺛﺎﻧﻮﻳﻪ‬d
Included in sludge production from biological
secondary treatment processes.
d
56
Feb. 2010/ 1388 ‫ﺑﻬﻤﻦ‬
IPS-E-PR-735(1)
TABLE C.2 - EXPECTED SLUDGE CONCENTRATIONS FROM VARIOUS TREATMENT
OPERATIONS AND PROCESSES
‫ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﭘﻴﺶ ﺑﻴﻨﻲ ﺷﺪه ﻟﺠﻦ از ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺗﻬﺎ و ﻓﺮآﻳﻨﺪﻫﺎي ﺗﺼﻔﻴﻪ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ‬2-‫ﺟﺪول ج‬
OPERATION OR PROCESS APPLICATION
‫ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺗﻲ ﻳﺎ ﻓﺮآﻳﻨﺪي‬
Primary settling tank
Primary sludge
‫ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ‬
5.0-9.0
6.0
1.5
‫ﻟﺠﻦ ﻓﻌﺎل اوﻟﻴﻪ و زاﺋﺪ‬
3.0-8.0
4.0
4.0-10.0
5.0
0.5-3.0
2.0
2.0-8.0
4.0
4.0-16.0
10.0
3.0-10.0
5.0
‫ﻟﺠﻦ ﺿﺎﻳﻌﺎت ﻓﻌﺎل‬
0.5-1.5
0.8
‫ﺑﺎ ﺗﻪ ﻧﺸﻴﻨﻲ اوﻟﻴﻪ‬
0.8-2.5
1.3
1.3-3.0
2.0
1.4-4.0
2.5
‫ﻟﺠﻦ اوﻟﻴﻪ و ﺧﺎﻛﺒﺮگ ﻓﻴﻠﺘﺮ ﭼﻜﻨﺪه‬
Primary sludge with iron addition for phosphorus removal
‫ﻟﺠﻦ اوﻟﻴﻪ ﺑﺎ اﻓﺰودن آﻫﻦ ﺑﺮاي ﺣﺬف ﻓﺴﻔﺮ‬
Primary sludge with low lime addition for phosphorus removal
‫ﻟﺠﻦ اوﻟﻴﻪ ﺑﺎ اﻓﺰودن آﻫﻚ ﻛﻢ ﺑﺮاي ﺣﺬف ﻓﺴﻔﺮ‬
Primary sludge with high lime addition for phosphorus removal
‫ﻟﺠﻦ اوﻟﻴﻪ ﺑﺎ اﻓﺰودن آﻫﻚ زﻳﺎد ﺑﺮاي ﺣﺬف ﻓﺴﻔﺮ‬
‫ﺗﻔﺎﻟﻪ روي ﺳﻄﺢ‬
Secondary settling tank
‫ﻣﺨﺰن ﺛﺎﻧﻮﻳﻪ ﺗﻪ ﻧﺸﻴﻨﻲ‬
Waste activated sludge
With primary settling
Without primary settling
High-purity oxygen activated sludge
‫ﺑﺪون ﺗﻪ ﻧﺸﻴﻨﻲ اوﻟﻴﻪ‬
‫ﻟﺠﻦ ﻓﻌﺎل ﺑﺎ اﻛﺴﻴﮋن ﺑﺴﻴﺎر ﺧﺎﻟﺺ‬
‫ﺑﺎ ﺗﻪ ﻧﺸﻴﻨﻲ اوﻟﻴﻪ‬
Without primary settling
‫ﺑﺪون ﺗﻪ ﻧﺸﻴﻨﻲ اوﻟﻴﻪ‬
Trickling-filter humus sludge
Rotating biological contractor waste sludge
‫ﻟﺠﻦ ﺧﺎﻛﺒﺮگ ﻓﻴﻠﺘﺮ ﭼﻜﻨﺪه‬
‫ﻟﺠﻦ ﺿﺎﻳﻌﺎت ﺗﻤﺎس دﻫﻨﺪه دوار ﺑﻴﻮﻟﻮژﻳﻜﻲ‬
‫ﻏﻠﻴﻆ ﺳﺎز ﺛﻘﻠﻲ‬
1.0-3.0
1.5
1.0-3.0
1.5
‫ﻓﻘﻂ ﻟﺠﻦ اوﻟﻴﻪ‬
5.0-10.0
8.0
‫ﻟﺠﻦ زاﺋﺪ ﻓﻌﺎل و اوﻟﻴﻪ‬
2.0-8.0
4.0
‫ﻟﺠﻦ اوﻟﻴﻪ و ﺧﺎﻛﺒﺮگ ﻓﻴﻠﺘﺮ ﭼﻜﻨﺪه‬
4.0-9.0
5.0
‫ﺑﺎ اﻓﺰودن ﻣﻮاد ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ‬
4.0-6.0
5.0
‫ﺑﺪون اﻓﺰودن ﻣﻮاد ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ‬
3.0-5.0
4.0
‫ﺗﻐﻠﻴﻆ ﻛﻦ ﮔﺮﻳﺰ از ﻣﺮﻛﺰ‬
‫ﻓﻘﻂ ﻟﺠﻦ زاﺋﺪ ﻓﻌﺎل‬
4.0-8.0
5.0
Primary sludge only
Primary and waste activated sludge
Primary sludge and trickling-filter humus
Typical
‫داﻣﻨﻪ‬
0.5-3.0
Primary sludge and trickling-filter humus
Gravity thickener
Range
‫ﻟﺠﻦ اوﻟﻴﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻳﻚ ﺳﻴﻜﻠﻮن‬
‫ﻟﺠﻦ اوﻟﻴﻪ‬
Primary and waste activated sludge
With primary settling
‫ ﺟﺎﻣﺪات ﺧﺸﻚ‬% ‫ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﺟﺎﻣﺪات ﻟﺠﻦ‬
‫ﻣﺨﺰن ﺗﻪ ﻧﺸﻴﻨﻲ اوﻟﻴﻪ‬
Primary sludge to a cyclone
Scum
SLUDGE SOLIDS
CONCENTRATION, % DRY
SOLIDS
Dissolved-air flotation thickener
‫ﻏﻠﻴﻆ ﺳﺎز ﻫﻮاي ﻧﺎﻣﺤﻠﻮل ﺷﻨﺎور‬
Waste activated sludge only
‫ﻓﻘﻂ ﻟﺠﻦ زاﺋﺪ ﻓﻌﺎل‬
With chemical addition
Without chemical addition
Centrifuge thickener
Waste activated sludge only
Gravity belt thickener
Waste activated sludge only with chemical addition
‫ﻏﻠﻴﻆ ﺳﺎز ﻧﻮار ﻧﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺛﻘﻠﻲ‬
2.0-4.0
-
‫ﻟﺠﻦ زاﺋﺪ ﻓﻌﺎل ﻓﻘﻂ ﺑﺎ اﻓﺰودن ﻣﻮاد ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ‬
Anaerobic digester
‫ﺗﺨﻤﻴﺮ ﻛﻦ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻫﻮازي‬
Primary sludge only
Primary and waste activated sludge
‫ﻓﻘﻂ ﻟﺠﻦ اوﻟﻴﻪ‬
2.5-5.0
4.0
‫ﻟﺠﻦ و ﺿﺎﻳﻌﺎت زاﺋﺪ اوﻟﻴﻪ‬
1.5-4.0
2.5
2.0-4.0
3.0
Primary sludge and trickling-filter humus
‫ﻟﺠﻦ اوﻟﻴﻪ و ﺧﺎﻛﺒﺮگ ﻓﻴﻠﺘﺮ ﭼﻜﻨﺪه‬
Aerobic digester
‫ﺗﺨﻤﻴﺮ ﻛﻦ ﻫﻮازي‬
Primary sludge only
Primary and waste activated sludge
‫ﻓﻘﻂ ﻟﺠﻦ اوﻟﻴﻪ‬
2.5-7.0
3.5
‫ﻟﺠﻦ و ﺿﺎﻳﻌﺎت زاﺋﺪ اوﻟﻴﻪ‬
1.5-4.0
2.5
‫ﻓﻘﻂ ﻟﺠﻦ زاﺋﺪ ﻓﻌﺎل‬
0.8-2.5
1.3
Waste activated sludge only
57