IPS-E-PI-140(0)
FOREWORD
The Iranian Petroleum Standards (IPS) reflect the
views of the Iranian Ministry of Petroleum and
are intended for use in the oil and gas production
facilities,
oil
refineries,
chemical
and
petrochemical plants, gas handling and processing
installations and other such facilities.
IPS is based on internationally acceptable
standards and includes selections from the items
stipulated in the referenced standards. They are
also supplemented by additional requirements
and/or modifications based on the experience
acquired by the Iranian Petroleum Industry and
the local market availability. The options which
are not specified in the text of the standards are
itemized in data sheet/s, so that, the user can
select his appropriate preferences therein.
The IPS standards are therefore expected to be
sufficiently flexible so that the users can adapt
these standards to their requirements. However,
they may not cover every requirement of each
project. For such cases, an addendum to IPS
Standard shall be prepared by the user which
elaborates the particular requirements of the user.
This addendum together with the relevant IPS
shall form the job specification for the specific
project or work.
The IPS is reviewed and up-dated approximately
every five years. Each standards are subject to
amendment or withdrawal, if required, thus the
latest edition of IPS shall be applicable
The users of IPS are therefore requested to send
their views and comments, including any
addendum prepared for particular cases to the
following address. These comments and
recommendations will be reviewed by the
relevant technical committee and in case of
approval will be incorporated in the next revision
of the standard.
Standards and Research department
No.19, Street14, North kheradmand
Karimkhan Avenue, Tehran, Iran .
Postal Code- 1585886851
Tel: 88810459-60 & 66153055
Fax: 88810462
Email: Standards@nioc.org
‫ﭘﻴﺶ ﮔﻔﺘﺎر‬
‫( ﻣﻨﻌﻜﺲ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه دﻳﺪﮔﺎﻫﻬﺎي‬IPS) ‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪاردﻫﺎي ﻧﻔﺖ اﻳﺮان‬
‫وزارت ﻧﻔﺖ اﻳﺮان اﺳﺖ و ﺑﺮاي اﺳﺘﻔﺎده در ﺗﺄﺳﻴﺴﺎت ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻧﻔﺖ‬
،‫ واﺣﺪﻫﺎي ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻲ و ﭘﺘﺮوﺷﻴﻤﻲ‬،‫ ﭘﺎﻻﻳﺸﮕﺎﻫﻬﺎي ﻧﻔﺖ‬،‫و ﮔﺎز‬
‫ﺗﺄﺳﻴﺴﺎت اﻧﺘﻘﺎل و ﻓﺮاورش ﮔﺎز و ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﺗﺄﺳﻴﺴﺎت ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ‬
.‫ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ‬
‫ ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪاردﻫﺎي ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻗﺒﻮل‬،‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪاردﻫﺎي ﻧﻔﺖ‬
‫ﺑﻴﻦاﻟﻤﻠﻠﻲ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﺷﺪه و ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﮔﺰﻳﺪهﻫﺎﺋﻲ از اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪاردﻫﺎي‬
‫ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻴﺎت ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﻧﻔﺖ ﻛﺸﻮر‬.‫ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ ﻣﻮاردي‬،‫و ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ ﻛﺎﻻ از ﺑﺎزار داﺧﻠﻲ و ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﺮﺣﺴﺐ ﻧﻴﺎز‬
.‫ﺑﻄﻮر ﺗﻜﻤﻴﻠﻲ و ﻳﺎ اﺻﻼﺣﻲ در اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻟﺤﺎظ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ‬
‫ﻣﻮاردي از ﮔﺰﻳﻨﻪﻫﺎي ﻓﻨﻲ ﻛﻪ در ﻣﺘﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪاردﻫﺎ آورده ﻧﺸﺪه‬
‫اﺳﺖ در داده ﺑﺮگﻫﺎ ﺑﺼﻮرت ﺷﻤﺎره ﮔﺬاري ﺷﺪه ﺑﺮاي اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬
.‫ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻛﺎرﺑﺮان آورده ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ‬
‫ ﺑﺸﻜﻠﻲ ﻛﺎﻣﻼً اﻧﻌﻄﺎف ﭘﺬﻳﺮ ﺗﺪوﻳﻦ ﺷﺪه‬،‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪاردﻫﺎي ﻧﻔﺖ‬
.‫اﺳﺖ ﺗﺎ ﻛﺎرﺑﺮان ﺑﺘﻮاﻧﻨﺪ ﻧﻴﺎزﻫﺎي ﺧﻮد را ﺑﺎ آﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﻨﻄﺒﻖ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ‬
‫ﺑﺎ اﻳﻦ ﺣﺎل ﻣﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺖ ﺗﻤﺎم ﻧﻴﺎزﻣﻨﺪيﻫﺎي ﭘﺮوژه ﻫﺎ را ﭘﻮﺷﺶ‬
‫ در اﻳﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﻮارد ﺑﺎﻳﺪ اﻟﺤﺎﻗﻴﻪاي ﻛﻪ ﻧﻴﺎزﻫﺎي ﺧﺎص‬.‫ﻧﺪﻫﻨﺪ‬
‫ اﻳﻦ اﻟﺤﺎﻗﻴﻪ‬.‫آﻧﻬﺎ را ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ ﻣﻲﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ و ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺖ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ‬
‫ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت ﻓﻨﻲ آن ﭘﺮوژه و ﻳﺎ ﻛﺎر‬،‫ﻫﻤﺮاه ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ‬
.‫ﺧﺎص را ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﺧﻮاﻫﻨﺪ داد‬
‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪاردﻫﺎي ﻧﻔﺖ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﺎً ﻫﺮ ﭘﻨﺞ ﺳﺎل ﻳﻜﺒﺎر ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﻗﺮار‬
‫ در اﻳﻦ ﺑﺮرﺳﻲﻫﺎ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺖ‬.‫ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ و روزآﻣﺪ ﻣﻲﮔﺮدﻧﺪ‬
‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪاردي ﺣﺬف و ﻳﺎ اﻟﺤﺎﻗﻴﻪاي ﺑﻪ آن اﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﺷﻮد و ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﻳﻦ‬
.‫ﻫﻤﻮاره آﺧﺮﻳﻦ وﻳﺮاﻳﺶ آﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﻼك ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ درﺧﻮاﺳﺖ ﻣﻲﺷﻮد ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﻧﻈﺮﻫﺎ و‬،‫از ﻛﺎرﺑﺮان اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬
‫ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎدات اﺻﻼﺣﻲ و ﻳﺎ ﻫﺮﮔﻮﻧﻪ اﻟﺤﺎﻗﻴﻪاي ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮاي ﻣﻮارد‬
‫ ﻧﻈﺮات و‬.‫ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻲ زﻳﺮ ارﺳﺎل ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ‬،‫ﺧﺎص ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﻧﻤﻮدهاﻧﺪ‬
‫ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎدات درﻳﺎﻓﺘﻲ در ﻛﻤﻴﺘﻪﻫﺎي ﻓﻨﻲ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ و در‬
‫ﺻﻮرت ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺐ در ﺗﺠﺪﻳﺪ ﻧﻈﺮﻫﺎي ﺑﻌﺪي اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻣﻨﻌﻜﺲ‬
.‫ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ‬
‫ ﻛﻮﭼﻪ‬،‫ ﺧﺮدﻣﻨﺪ ﺷﻤﺎﻟﻲ‬،‫ ﺧﻴﺎﺑﺎن ﻛﺮﻳﻤﺨﺎن زﻧﺪ‬،‫ ﺗﻬﺮان‬،‫اﻳﺮان‬
19 ‫ ﺷﻤﺎره‬،‫ﭼﻬﺎردﻫﻢ‬
‫اداره ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت و اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪاردﻫﺎ‬
1585886851 : ‫ﻛﺪﭘﺴﺘﻲ‬
66153055 ‫ و‬88810459 - 60 : ‫ﺗﻠﻔﻦ‬
88810462 : ‫دور ﻧﮕﺎر‬
:‫ﭘﺴﺖ اﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﻴﻜﻲ‬
Standards@nioc.org
:‫ﺗﻌﺎرﻳﻒ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ‬
GENERAL DEFINITIONS:
Throughout this Standard
definitions shall apply.
the
following
COMPANY:
Refers to one of the related and/or affiliated
companies of the Iranian Ministry of Petroleum
such as National Iranian Oil Company, National
Iranian Gas Company, National Petrochemical
Company and National Iranian Oil Refinery And
Distribution Company.
PURCHASER:
Means the "Company" where this standard is a
part of direct purchaser order by the "Company",
and the "Contractor" where this Standard is a part
of contract documents.
VENDOR AND SUPPLIER:
Refers to firm or person who will supply and/or
fabricate the equipment or material.
CONTRACTOR:
Refers to the persons, firm or company whose
tender has been accepted by the company.
EXECUTOR:
Executor is the party which carries out all or part of
construction and/or commissioning for the project.
INSPECTOR:
The Inspector referred to in this Standard is a
person/persons or a body appointed in writing by
the company for the inspection of fabrication and
installation work
SHALL:
Is used where a provision is mandatory.
SHOULD:
Is used where a provision is advisory only.
WILL:
Is normally used in connection with the action by
the “Company” rather than by a contractor,
supplier or vendor.
MAY:
Is used where a provision is completely
discretionary.
.‫در اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﺗﻌﺎرﻳﻒ زﻳﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎر ﻣﻲ رود‬
:‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖ‬
‫ ﻣﺜﻞ‬،‫ﺑﻪ ﻳﻜﻲ از ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﻫﺎي اﺻﻠﻲ و ﻳﺎ واﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ وزارت ﻧﻔﺖ‬
‫ ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﻣﻠﻲ‬،‫ ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﻣﻠﻲ ﮔﺎز اﻳﺮان‬،‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﻣﻠﻲ ﻧﻔﺖ اﻳﺮان‬
‫ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ ﭘﺘﺮوﺷﻴﻤﻲ و ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﻣﻠﻲ ﭘﺎﻻﻳﺶ و ﭘﺨﺶ ﻓﺮآوردهﻫﺎي‬
.‫ﻧﻔﺘﻲ اﻃﻼق ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‬
:‫ﺧﺮﻳﺪار‬
‫ﻳﻌﻨﻲ ﺷﺮﻛﺘﻲ ﻛﻪ اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﺑﺨﺸﻲ از ﻣﺪارك ﺳﻔﺎرش‬
‫ﺧﺮﻳﺪ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ آن "ﺷﺮﻛﺖ" ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ و ﻳﺎ "ﭘﻴﻤﺎﻧﻜﺎري" ﻛﻪ اﻳﻦ‬
.‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﺑﺨﺸﻲ از ﻣﺪارك ﻗﺮارداد آن اﺳﺖ‬
:‫ﻓﺮوﺷﻨﺪه و ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮﺳﺴﻪ و ﻳﺎ ﺷﺨﺼﻲ ﮔﻔﺘﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮد ﻛﻪ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات و ﻛﺎﻻﻫﺎي‬
.‫ﻣﻮرد ﻟﺰوم ﺻﻨﻌﺖ را ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ ﻣﻲﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‬
:‫ﭘﻴﻤﺎﻧﻜﺎر‬
‫ ﻣﻮﺳﺴﻪ و ﻳﺎ ﺷﺮﻛﺘﻲ ﮔﻔﺘﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮد ﻛﻪ ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎدش‬،‫ﺑﻪ ﺷﺨﺺ‬
.‫ﺑﺮاي ﻣﻨﺎﻗﺼﻪ ﭘﺬﻳﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ‬
:‫ﻣﺠﺮي‬
‫ﻣﺠﺮي ﺑﻪ ﮔﺮوﻫﻲ اﻃﻼق ﻣﻲﺷﻮد ﻛﻪ ﺗﻤﺎم ﻳﺎ ﻗﺴﻤﺘﻲ از ﻛﺎرﻫﺎي‬
.‫اﺟﺮاﺋﻲ و ﻳﺎ راه اﻧﺪازي ﭘﺮوژه را اﻧﺠﺎم دﻫﺪ‬
:‫ﺑﺎزرس‬
‫ﮔﺮوه ﻳﺎ ﻣﻮﺳﺴﻪاي اﻃﻼق‬/‫در اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﺑﺎزرس ﺑﻪ ﻓﺮد‬
‫ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ و ﻧﺼﺐ‬،‫ﻣﻲﺷﻮد ﻛﻪ ﻛﺘﺒﺎً ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻛﺎرﻓﺮﻣﺎ ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺎزرﺳﻲ‬
.‫ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
:‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬
.‫ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‬،‫ﺑﺮاي ﻛﺎري ﻛﻪ اﻧﺠﺎم آن اﺟﺒﺎري اﺳﺖ‬
:‫ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ‬
.‫ ﺑﻜﺎر ﻣﻲرود‬،‫ﺑﺮاي ﻛﺎري ﻛﻪ ﺿﺮورت اﻧﺠﺎم آن ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‬
:‫ﺗﺮﺟﻴﺢ‬
‫ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻً در ﺟﺎﻳﻲ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﻲﺷﻮد ﻛﻪ اﻧﺠﺎم آن ﻛﺎر ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس‬
.‫ﻧﻈﺎرت ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
:‫ﻣﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺖ‬
.‫ ﺑﻜﺎر ﻣﻲرود‬،‫ﺑﺮاي ﻛﺎري ﻛﻪ اﻧﺠﺎم آن اﺧﺘﻴﺎري ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
IPS-E-PI-140(1)
0
ENGINEERING STANDARD
FOR
ONSHORE TRANSPORTATION PIPELINES
JULY 2009
FIRST REVISION
‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ‬
‫ﺑﺮاي‬
‫ﺧﻄﻮط ﻟﻮﻟﻪ اﻧﺘﻘﺎل در ﺧﺸﻜﻲ‬
‫وﻳﺮاﻳﺶ اول‬
1388 ‫ﺗﻴﺮ‬
This Standard is the property of Iranian Ministry of
Petroleum. All rights are reserved to the owner. Neither
whole nor any part of this document may be disclosed to any
third party, reproduced, stored in any retrieval system or
transmitted in any form or by any means without the prior
written consent of the Iranian Ministry of Petroleum.
‫ ﺗﻤﺎم ﺣﻘﻮق آن ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﻪ‬.‫اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﻪ وزارت ﻧﻔﺖ اﻳﺮان اﺳﺖ‬
‫ ﺗﻤﺎم ﻳﺎ ﺑﺨﺸﻲ‬،‫ﻣﺎﻟﻚ آن ﺑﻮده و ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺪون رﺿﺎﻳﺖ ﻛﺘﺒﻲ وزارت ﻧﻔﺖ اﻳﺮان‬
،‫ اﻧﺘﻘﺎل‬،‫ ذﺧﻴﺮه ﺳﺎزي‬،‫ ﺑﻪ ﻫﺮ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻳﺎ وﺳﻴﻠﻪ ازﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﺗﻜﺜﻴﺮ‬،‫از اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬
.‫ﻳﺎ روش دﻳﮕﺮي در اﺧﺘﻴﺎر اﻓﺮاد ﺛﺎﻟﺚ ﻗﺮار ﮔﻴﺮد‬
Jul. 2009 / 1388 ‫ﺗﻴﺮ‬
IPS-E-PI-140(1)
‫ﺟﺠﺠﺞ‬
CONTENTS:
Page
No
:‫ﻓﻬﺮﺳﺖ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺐ‬
1. SCOPE................................................................ 4
4 ...................................................... ‫ داﻣﻨﻪ ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد‬-1
2. REFERENCES .................................................. 4
4 ............................................................. ‫ ﻣﺮاﺟﻊ‬-2
3. DEFINITIONS................................................... 6
6 ............................................................ ‫ ﺗﻌﺎرﻳﻒ‬-3
3.1 General Terms ............................................. 6
6 ...........................................‫ واژه ﻫﺎي ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ‬1-3
3.2 Specific Terms.............................................. 6
6 ...................................... ‫ واژه ﻫﺎي اﺧﺘﺼﺎﺻﻲ‬2-3
4. ABBREVIATIONS........................................... 8
8 ................................................. ‫ ﻋﻼﺋﻢ اﺧﺘﺼﺎري‬-4
5. UNITS................................................................. 8
8 ............................................................ ‫ واﺣﺪﻫﺎ‬-5
6. FLUID CATEGORIES ..................................... 8
8 ............................................ ‫ دﺳﺘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪي ﺳﻴﺎﻻت‬-6
7. DESIGN.............................................................. 9
9 ............................................................ ‫ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ‬-7
7.1 General Considerations............................... 9
9 .......................................... ‫ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺎت ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ‬1-7
7.2 Operational Requirements ......................... 10
10 ...........................................‫ اﻟﺰاﻣﺎت ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺗﻲ‬2-7
7.3 Economic Considerations (Optimization) . 10
10 .................... (‫ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺎت اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي )ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪ ﺳﺎزي‬3-7
7.4 Hydraulic Design ......................................... 11
11 ...................................... ‫ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﻫﻴﺪروﻟﻴﻜﻲ‬4-7
7.5 Mechanical Design....................................... 15
15 .......................................... ‫ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ‬5-7
7.6 Pipeline Risks ............................................... 21
21 ................................ ‫ ﺧﻄﺮ ﭘﺬﻳﺮي ﺧﻄﻮط ﻟﻮﻟﻪ‬6-7
8. MATERIALS..................................................... 23
23 ....................................................... ‫ ﺟﻨﺲ ﻣﻮاد‬-8
8.1 General ......................................................... 23
23 ....................................................... ‫ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ‬1-8
8.2 Material Procurement................................. 25
25 ................................................. ‫ ﺗﺪارك ﻛﺎﻻ‬2-8
8.3 Line Pipe Materials ..................................... 25
25 .............................................. ‫ ﻣﻮاد ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ‬3-8
8.4 Valves............................................................ 25
25 ....................................................... ‫ ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎ‬4-8
1
Jul. 2009 / 1388 ‫ﺗﻴﺮ‬
IPS-E-PI-140(1)
8.5 Branch Connections, Fittings, etc. ............. 25
25 .............................. ‫ ﻏﻴﺮه‬، ‫ اﺗﺼﺎﻻت‬،‫ اﻧﺸﻌﺎﺑﺎت‬5-8
9. PIPELINE ROUTE SELECTION................... 26
26 ........................................ ‫ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ‬-9
9.1 General ......................................................... 26
26 ....................................................... ‫ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ‬1-9
9.2 Route and Soil Surveys ............................... 26
26 ..................................... ‫ ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ و ﺧﺎك‬2-9
9.3 Proximity to Occupied Buildings ............... 27
27 .....................‫ ﻣﺠﺎورت ﺑﺎ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻧﻬﺎي ﻣﺴﻜﻮﻧﻲ‬3-9
9.4 Proximity to other Facilities ....................... 27
27 ............................. ‫ ﻣﺠﺎورت ﺑﺎ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﺗﺄﺳﻴﺴﺎت‬4-9
9.5 Right-of-Way................................................ 27
27 ........................................... ‫ ﺟﺎده اﺧﺘﺼﺎﺻﻲ‬5-9
10. PIPELINE PROTECTION AND
MARKING ...................................................... 29
29 ......................... ‫ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ و ﻋﻼﻣﺖ ﮔﺬاري ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ‬-10
10.1 Burial Philosophy ...................................... 29
29 ................................................. ‫ ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻪ دﻓﻦ‬1-10
10.2 Trench Dimensions.................................... 30
30 .................................... ‫ اﻧﺪازه ﻫﺎي ﻛﺎﻧﺎل ﻟﻮﻟﻪ‬2-10
10.3 Thermal Expansion and other Forces ..... 31
31 ........................ ‫ اﻧﺒﺴﺎط ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ و ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻧﻴﺮوﻫﺎ‬3-10
10.4 Non-Buried Pipelines................................. 31
31 ................................. ‫ ﺧﻄﻮط ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺪﻓﻮن‬4-10
10.5 Corrosion Protection ................................. 32
32 ............................ ‫ ﻣﺤﺎﻓﻈﺖ در ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﺧﻮردﮔﻲ‬5-10
10.6 Pipeline Markers ....................................... 33
33 ................................. ‫ ﻧﺸﺎﻧﮕﺮﻫﺎي ﺧﻄﻮط ﻟﻮﻟﻪ‬6-10
11. CROSSINGS .................................................... 33
33 ......................................................... ‫ ﺗﻘﺎﻃﻊ ﻫﺎ‬-11
11.1 River Crossings.......................................... 33
33 .......................................... ‫ ﺗﻘﺎﻃﻊ ﺑﺎ رودﺧﺎﻧﻪ‬1-11
11.2 Road and Railway Crossings .................... 35
35 ................................ ‫ ﺗﻘﺎﻃﻊ ﺑﺎ ﺟﺎده و راه آﻫﻦ‬2-11
11.3 Crossing other Pipelines............................ 35
35 ..............................‫ ﺗﻘﺎﻃﻊ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﺧﻄﻮط ﻟﻮﻟﻪ‬3-11
11.4 Crossing Land Faults ................................ 36
36 .............................. ‫ ﺗﻘﺎﻃﻊ ﺑﺎ ﮔﺴﻠﻪ ﻫﺎي زﻣﻴﻦ‬4-11
11.5 Land Slides ................................................. 37
37 ................................................ ‫ راﻧﺶ زﻣﻴﻦ‬5-11
12. RECORDS ....................................................... 37
37 ................................................. ‫ اﺳﻨﺎد و ﺳﻮاﺑﻖ‬-12
2
Jul. 2009 / 1388 ‫ﺗﻴﺮ‬
IPS-E-PI-140(1)
APPENDICES:
:‫ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺖ ﻫﺎ‬
APPENDIX A SERVICE PIPELINE CO.
FORMULA .................................... 38
38 .............. ‫ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺖ اﻟﻒ ﻓﺮﻣﻮل ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﺳﺮوﻳﺲ ﭘﺎﻳﭗ ﻻﻳﻦ‬
APPENDIX B SHELL / MIT FORMULA........ 39
39 ................................... ‫ ﻣﻴﺖ‬/‫ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺖ ب ﻓﺮﻣﻮل ﺷﻞ‬
APPENDIX C SIMPLIFIED DARCY
EQUATION .................................. 40
40 ............................ ‫ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺖ ج ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﻪ ﺳﺎده ﺷﺪه دارﺳﻲ‬
APPENDIX D T.R. AUDE AND HAZENWILLIAM’S FORMULAS ........... 41
41 ........ ‫ وﻳﻠﻴﺎﻣﺰ‬-‫اوده و ﻫﺎزن‬.‫آر‬.‫ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺖ د ﻓﺮﻣﻮلﻫﺎي ﺗﻲ‬
APPENDIX E WEYMOUTH FORMULA ......... 42
42 ........................................... ‫ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺖ ﻫ ﻓﺮﻣﻮل وﻳﻤﻮث‬
APPENDIX F PANHANDLE REVISED
OR B FORMULA .......................... 43
43 ....... ‫ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺖ و ﻓﺮﻣﻮل ﺑﻲ ﻳﺎ ﺗﺠﺪﻳﺪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺷﺪه ﭘﺎن ﻫﻨﺪل‬
APPENDIX G IGT/AGA FORMULA ................ 44
44 ...................... ‫اي ﺟﻲ اي‬/ ‫ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺖ ز ﻓﺮﻣﻮل آي ﺟﻲ ﺗﻲ‬
APPENDIX H MOODY FRICTION
FACTOR CHART........................ 45
45 .................. ‫ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺖ ح ﻧﻤﻮدار ﺿﺮﻳﺐ اﺻﻄﺤﻜﺎك ﻣﻮدي‬
3
Jul. 2009 / 1388 ‫ﺗﻴﺮ‬
IPS-E-PI-140(1)
‫ داﻣﻨﻪ ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد‬-1
1. SCOPE
This Standard provides a baseline for minimum
technical requirements and recommended
engineering practices for design of off-plot
onshore pipelines used for transportation of
hydrocarbons in Iranian Oil, Gas and
Petrochemical Industries. Facilities to which this
standard applies are indicated in scope of ASME
B 31.4 and B 31.8 latest editions.
‫اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﺑﻴﺎﻧﮕﺮ ﺧﻄﻮط اﺻﻠﻲ ﺑﺮاي ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﻧﻴﺎزﻫﺎي ﻓﻨﻲ و‬
‫ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺧﻄﻮط ﻟﻮﻟﻪ در‬
‫ﺧﺸﻜﻲ و ﺧﺎرج از ﻛﺎرﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﺮاي اﻧﺘﻘﺎل ﺳﻴﺎﻻت ﻧﻔﺘﻲ در ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ‬
‫ ﺗﺄﺳﻴﺴﺎﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬.‫ﻧﻔﺖ و ﮔﺎز و ﭘﺘﺮوﺷﻴﻤﻲ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫درﺑﺎره آﻧﻬﺎ اﻋﻤﺎل ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد در آﺧﺮﻳﻦ وﻳﺮاﻳﺶ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪاردﻫﺎي‬
.‫ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﺪهاﻧﺪ‬ASME B 31.4‫ و‬ASME B 31.8
:1 ‫ﻳﺎدآوري‬
Note 1:
‫ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻛﻤﻴﺘﻪ ﻓﻨﻲ‬1383 ‫اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد در دي ﻣﺎه ﺳﺎل‬
1 ‫ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ و ﻣﻮارد ﺗﺄﻳﻴﺪ ﺷﺪه ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان اﺻﻼﺣﻴﻪ ﺷﻤﺎره‬
.‫ اﺑﻼغ ﮔﺮدﻳﺪ‬194 ‫ﻃﻲ ﺑﺨﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺷﻤﺎره‬
This standard specification is reviewed and
updated by the relevant technical committee on
Jan 2004, as amendment No. 1 by circular No.
194.
:2 ‫ﻳﺎدآوري‬
Note 2:
‫ ﻧﺴﺨﻪ ﺑﺎزﻧﮕﺮي ﺷﺪه اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻓﻮق‬،‫اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد دو زﺑﺎﻧﻪ‬
‫ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻛﻤﻴﺘﻪ ﻓﻨﻲ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ‬1388 ‫ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ در ﺗﻴﺮ ﻣﺎه ﺳﺎل‬
‫ از اﻳﻦ ﭘﺲ‬.‫( اراﻳﻪ ﻣﻲﮔﺮدد‬1) ‫ﺗﺎﻳﻴﺪ و ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان وﻳﺮاﻳﺶ‬
.‫( اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻣﻨﺴﻮخ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬0) ‫وﻳﺮاﻳﺶ‬
This bilingual standard is a revised version of the
standard specification by the relevant technical
committee on Jul 2009, which is issued as
revision (1). Revision (0) of the said standard
specification is withdrawn.
:3 ‫ﻳﺎدآوري‬
Note 3:
‫ ﻣﺘﻦ اﻧﮕﻠﻴﺴﻲ‬،‫در ﺻﻮرت اﺧﺘﻼف ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﺘﻦ ﻓﺎرﺳﻲ و اﻧﮕﻠﻴﺴﻲ‬
.‫ﻣﻼك ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
In case of conflict between Farsi and English
languages, English language shall govern.
‫ ﻣﺮاﺟﻊ‬-2
2. REFERENCES
‫در اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﺑﻪ آﻳﻴﻦ ﻧﺎﻣﻪﻫﺎ و اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪاردﻫﺎي ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ دار و‬
‫ ﺗﺎ ﺣﺪي ﻛﻪ در‬،‫ اﻳﻦ ﻣﺮاﺟﻊ‬.‫ﺑﺪون ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ زﻳﺮ اﺷﺎره ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ‬
‫ ﺑﺨﺸﻲ از اﻳﻦ‬،‫اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪاﻧﺪ‬
‫ وﻳﺮاﻳﺶ‬،‫ در ﻣﺮاﺟﻊ ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ دار‬.‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻣﺤﺴﻮب ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
‫ﮔﻔﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه ﻣﻼك ﺑﻮده و ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮاﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ از ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ وﻳﺮاﻳﺶ در‬
‫ ﭘﺲ از ﺗﻮاﻓﻖ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻛﺎرﻓﺮﻣﺎ و ﻓﺮوﺷﻨﺪه ﻗﺎﺑﻞ‬،‫آﻧﻬﺎ داده ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ‬
‫ آﺧﺮﻳﻦ وﻳﺮاﻳﺶ آﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﻪ‬،‫ در ﻣﺮاﺟﻊ ﺑﺪون ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ‬.‫اﺟﺮا ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
.‫اﻧﻀﻤﺎم ﻛﻠﻴﻪ اﺻﻼﺣﺎت و ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺖﻫﺎي آن ﻣﻼك ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬
Throughout this Standard the following dated and
undated standards/codes are referred to. These
referenced documents shall, to the extent specified
herein, form a part of this standard. For dated
references, the edition cited applies. The
applicability of changes in dated references that
occur after the cited date shall be mutually agreed
upon by the Company and the Vendor. For
undated references, the latest edition of the
referenced documents (including any supplements
and amendments) applies.
ASME
(AMERICAN
SOCIETY
MECHANICAL ENGINEERS)
(‫)اﻧﺠﻤﻦ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﺎن ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻚ آﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ‬
OF
B 31.4 "Pipeline Transportation Systems for
Liquid Hydrocarbon and other Liquids
Latest Edition"
‫ "ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﺧﻄﻮط ﻟﻮﻟﻪ اﻧﺘﻘﺎل ﻣﺎﻳﻌﺎت ﻧﻔﺘﻲ و ﺳﺎﻳﺮ‬B 31.4
"‫ﻣﺎﻳﻌﺎت آﺧﺮﻳﻦ وﻳﺮاﻳﺶ‬
‫ آﺧﺮﻳﻦ‬،‫ "ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻛﺸﻲ اﻧﺘﻘﺎل و ﭘﺨﺶ ﮔﺎز‬B 31.8
"‫وﻳﺮاﻳﺶ‬
B 31.8 "Gas Transmission and Distribution
Systems" Latest Edition
(‫ )ﻣﻮﺳﺴﻪ ﻧﻔﺖ آﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ‬API
API (AMERICAN PETROLEUM INSTITUTE)
6D
"Specification
Valves"
for
ASME
"‫"ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت ﻓﻨﻲ ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎي ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ‬
Pipeline
4
6D
Jul. 2009 / 1388 ‫ﺗﻴﺮ‬
Spec. 5L
"Specification for Line Pipe"
RP 1102
"Steel Pipelines Crossing Rail
Roads and Highways"
1160
"Managing Systems Integrity for
IPS-E-PI-140(1)
"‫"ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت ﻓﻨﻲ ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ‬
‫"ﺗﻘﺎﻃﻊ ﺧﻄﻮط ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻓﻮﻻدي ﺑﺎ راه آﻫﻦ و‬
"‫ﺑﺰرﮔﺮاه ﻫﺎ‬
‫"ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎي ﻳﻜﭙﺎرﭼﻪ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺘﻲ ﺑﺮاي‬
"‫ﺧﻄﻮط ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺣﺎوي ﻣﺎﻳﻌﺎت ﺧﻄﺮﻧﺎك‬
Hazardous Liquid Pipelines”
Spec. 5L
RP 1102
1160
(‫ )ﻣﻮﺳﺴﻪ ﻧﻔﺖ‬IP
IP (INSTITUTE OF PETROLEUM)
15 ‫دﺳﺘﻮراﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﺮاي ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت اﻳﻤﻨﻲ ﺑﺨﺶ‬
‫"دﺳﺘﻮراﻟﻌﻤﻞ دﺳﺘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪي ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺑﺮاي‬
"‫ﺗﺎﺳﻴﺴﺎت ﻧﻔﺘﻲ‬
Model code of Safe practice Part 15
"Area Classification Code for
Petroleum Installations"
(‫ )اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪاردﻫﺎي ﻧﻔﺖ اﻳﺮان‬IPS
IPS (IRANIAN PETROLEUM STANDARDS)
for
"‫ "اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﺑﺮاي واﺣﺪﻫﺎ‬IPS-E-GN-100
IPS-C-CE-112 "Construction Standard for
Earthworks"
‫ "اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﺑﺮاي ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺘﻬﺎي‬IPS-C-CE-112
"‫ﺧﺎﻛﻲ‬
IPS-C-PI-270
"Construction Standard for
Welding of Transportation
Pipeline"
‫"اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﺑﺮاي ﺟﻮﺷﻜﺎري‬
"‫ﺧﻄﻮط ﻟﻮﻟﻪ اﻧﺘﻘﺎﻟﻲ‬
IPS-C-PI-270
IPS-C-PI-370
"Construction Standard for
Transportation
Pipelines
(Onshore) Pressure Testing"
‫"اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﺑﺮاي آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻓﺸﺎر‬
"‫ﺧﻄﻮط ﻟﻮﻟﻪ اﻧﺘﻘﺎﻟﻲ‬
IPS-C-PI-370
IPS-E-PI-240
"Engineering Standard
Plant Piping Systems"
‫ﺑﺮاي‬
‫ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ‬
‫"اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬
"‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻤﻬﺎي ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻛﺸﻲ ﻛﺎرﺧﺎﻧﻪ‬
IPS-E-PI-240
IPS-G-PI-280
"General Standard for Pipe
Supports"
‫"اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻜﻴﻪﮔﺎﻫﻬﺎي‬
"‫ﻟﻮﻟﻪ‬
IPS-G-PI-280
IPS-M-PI-110
"Material and Equipment
Standard for Valves"
‫ "اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ و ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات ﺑﺮاي‬IPS-M-PI-110
"‫ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎ‬
IPS-M-PI-130
"Material and Equipment
Standard for Pig Launching
and Receiving Traps"
‫ "اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ و ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات ﺑﺮاي‬IPS-M-PI-130
"‫ﺗﻠﻪﻫﺎي ارﺳﺎل و درﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﺗﻮﭘﻚ‬
IPS-M-PI-150
"Material
Standard
Flanges and Fittings"
for
‫ "اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺑﺮاي ﻓﻠﻨﺞ ﻫﺎ و‬IPS-M-PI-150
"‫اﺗﺼﺎﻻت‬
IPS-M-PI-190
"Material and Equipment
Standard for Line Pipe"
‫ "اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ و ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات ﺑﺮاي‬IPS-M-PI-190
"‫ﺧﻄﻮط ﻟﻮﻟﻪ‬
IPS-D-PI-143
"Pipeline Right-of-Way"
"‫"ﺟﺎده اﺧﺘﺼﺎﺻﻲ ﺧﻄﻮط ﻟﻮﻟﻪ‬
IPS-D-PI-143
IPS-E-SF-100
"Engineering Standard
‫"اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﺑﺮاي دﺳﺘﻪﺑﻨﺪي‬
"‫آﺗﺶﻫﺎ و ﺧﻮاص ﺧﻄﺮﻧﺎك آﺗﺶ‬
IPS-E-SF-100
IPS-E-TP-270
"Engineering
IPS-E-GN-100 "Engineering
Units"
Standard
for
for
Classification of Fires and
Fire Hazard Properties"
Standard
‫ "اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳـﻲ ﭘﻮﺷﺶﻫﺎي‬IPS-E-TP-270
for
5
Jul. 2009 / 1388 ‫ﺗﻴﺮ‬
IPS-E-TP-820
protective coatings for buried
and
submerged
steel
structures"
‫ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺘﻲ ﺑﺮاي ﺳﺎزه ﻫﺎي ﻓﻮﻻدي‬
"‫ﻣﺪﻓﻮن در ﺧﺎك و ﻏﻮﻃﻪ ور در آب‬
"Engineering Standard
Cathodic Protection"
‫ "اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﺑﺮاي ﻣﺤﺎﻓﻈﺖ‬IPS-E-TP-820
"(‫اﻟﻜﺘﺮوﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ )ﻛﺎﺗﺪي و آﻧﺪي‬
for
‫ "ﺟﺰﺋﻴﺎت ﻧﺸﺎﻧﮕﺮﻫﺎي ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﻲ و ﻧﻘﺎط‬IPS-D-TP-712
"‫آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ و ﺟﻌﺒﻪ اﺗﺼﺎل‬
IPS-D-TP-712 "Combined Marker and Test
Point and Bond Box Details"
NACE
IPS-E-PI-140(1)
(NATIONAL ASSOCIATION
CORROSION ENGINEERS)
(‫ )اﻧﺠﻤﻦ ﻣﻠﻲ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﺧﻮردﮔﻲ‬NACE
OF
NACE MR-0175/ISO 15156
NACE MR-0175/ISO 15156
"Petroleum and Natural Gas
Industries-Materials for use in
H2S containing environments in
oil and gas production”
‫"ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ ﻧﻔﺖ و ﮔﺎز ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ـ ﻣﻮاد ﻣﻮرد‬
‫ در‬H2S ‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده در ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﻫﺎي ﺣﺎوي‬
"‫ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪات ﻧﻔﺖ و ﮔﺎز‬
‫ ﺗﻌﺎرﻳﻒ‬-3
3. DEFINITIONS
‫ واژه ﻫﺎي ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ‬1-3
3.1 General Terms
‫ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪه ﻛﺎرﻓﺮﻣﺎ‬1-1-3
3.1.1 Engineer
‫ﺑﻪ ﺷﺨﺺ ﻳﺎ ﮔﺮوﻫﻲ اﻃﻼق ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮاي ﻧﻈﺎرت ﺑﺮ‬
‫ ﺳﺮوﻳﺴﻬﺎي ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ و اﺟﺮاي ﭘﺮوژه ﻫﺎي ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻴﺎز و‬،‫ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ‬
‫ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻛﺎرﻓﺮﻣﺎ ﺑﻌﻨﻮان ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪه از ﻃﺮف ﻛﺎرﻓﺮﻣﺎ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ‬
.‫ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‬
Refers to person or party representing the
company for supervision of design, engineering
services, and execution of project as required and
specified by the Company.
‫ ﺳﺎزﻧﺪه‬2-1-3
3.1.2 Manufacturer
‫ﺑﻪ ﮔﺮوﻫﻲ اﻃﻼق ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد ﻛﻪ ﺳﺎزﻧﺪه ﻳﺎ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ‬
‫و اﺟﺰاء آن ﺑﺮ ﻃﺒﻖ اﻟﺰاﻣﺎت اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪاردﻫﺎي ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ در‬
.‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪاردﻫﺎي ﻧﻔﺖ اﻳﺮان ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬
The party that manufactures or produces line pipe
and piping components according to the
requirements of relevant IPS standards.
‫ ﻣﺸﺎور‬3-1-3
3.1.3 Consultant
‫ﺑﻪ ﮔﺮوﻫﻲ اﻃﻼق ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد ﻛﻪ ﺗﻤﺎم ﻳﺎ ﻗﺴﻤﺘﻲ از ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ و‬
.‫ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ را اﻧﺠﺎم ﻣﻲ دﻫﻨﺪ‬
Is the party which carries out all or part of a
pipeline design and engineering.
3.2 Specific Terms
‫ واژه ﻫﺎي اﺧﺘﺼﺎﺻﻲ‬2-3
3.2.1 Design factor
‫ ﺿﺮاﻳﺐ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ‬1-2-3
‫ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺗﻨﺶ ﺣﻠﻘﻮي اﻳﺠﺎد ﺷﺪه در ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻓﺸﺎر‬
‫ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﺗﻨﺶ ﺗﺴﻠﻴﻢ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﺪه ﺑﺮاي ﺟﻨﺲ ﺧﻂ‬
.‫ﻟﻮﻟﻪ‬
Ratio of the hoop stress developed in the pipeline
by the design pressure and the Specified Minimum
Yield Stress (SMYS) of the pipeline material.
‫ ﻣﺎﻳﻌﺎت ﻗﺎﺑﻞ اﺷﺘﻌﺎل‬2-2-3
3.2.2 Flammable fluid
‫ﺑﻪ ﻣﺎﻳﻌﺎﺗﻲ اﻃﻼق ﻣﻴﺸﻮد ﻛﻪ دﻣﺎي ﻧﻘﻄﻪ اﺷﺘﻌﺎل آﻧﻬﺎ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ از‬
.‫ درﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮاد ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬100
A fluid having a flash point lower than 100°C.
‫ ﺧﻂ ﺟﺮﻳﺎن‬3-2-3
3.2.3 Flow line
‫ﻳﻚ ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ )ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺮاه ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎ و اﺗﺼﺎﻻت آن( ﺑﺮاي اﻧﺘﻘﺎل‬
‫ﺳﻴﺎل ﻫﻴﺪرو ﻛﺮﺑﻨﻲ ﻓﺮاورش ﻧﺸﺪه و ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﺳﻴﺎﻻت ﻣﺨﺎزن از‬
A pipeline (including valves and fittings) for
transporting untreated hydrocarbons and other
reservoir fluids between the stone trap outlet
6
Jul. 2009 / 1388 ‫ﺗﻴﺮ‬
flange and the first flange on the incoming
manifold at the production unit or the wellhead
separator surface safety valve.
IPS-E-PI-140(1)
‫ﻓﻠﻨﺞ ﺧﺮوﺟﻲ ﺗﻠﻪ ﻣﺎﺳﻪ ﺗﺎ ﻓﻠﻨﺞ ورودي ﭼﻨﺪراﻫﻪ در واﺣﺪ ﺑﻬﺮه‬
‫ﺑﺮداري و ﻳﺎ ﺗﺎ ﺷﻴﺮ اﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎن ﺳﻄﺢ اﻻرﺿﻲ ﺗﻔﻜﻴﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺳﺮ‬
.‫ﭼﺎﻫﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎر ﻣﻲ رود‬
‫ ﺧﻂ ﺟﻤﻊ آوري ﮔﺎز‬4-2-3
3.2.4 Gas gathering line
‫ ﺗﻠﻪ ﻫﺎ و ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎ( ﺑﻴﻦ ﺷﻴﺮ‬،‫ﻳﻚ ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ )ﻫﻤﺮاه ﺑﺎ اﺗﺼﺎﻻت‬
‫ﻣﺴﺪود ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﮔﺎز ﺧﺮوﺟﻲ ﺟﺪا ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺳﺮ ﭼﺎﻫﻲ )ﻳﺎ ﺟﺪا‬
‫ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺧﻮﺷﻪ اي ﺳﺮ ﭼﺎﻫﻲ( و ﺷﻴﺮ ﻣﺴﺪودﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﮔﺎز ورودي‬
‫واﺣﺪ ﮔﺎز ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺷﺪه ﻳﺎ ﺧﻂ ورودي ﮔﺎز واﺣﺪ ﺑﻬﺮه‬
. ‫ﺑﺮداري‬
A pipeline (including valves, traps and fittings)
between the block valve on the wellhead separator
(or wellhead separator cluster) gas outlet line and
the block valve on the NGL plant or production
unit gas inlet line.
(‫ ﺧﻂ اﻧﺘﻘﺎل ﮔﺎز )ﺧﻂ اﺻﻠﻲ ﮔﺎز‬5-2-3
3.2.5 Gas transmission line (gas trunk line)
‫ ﺗﻠﻪ ﻫﺎ و ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎ( ﺑﻴﻦ ﺷﻴﺮ‬،‫ﻳﻚ ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ )ﻫﻤﺮاه ﺑﺎ اﺗﺼﺎﻻت‬
‫ﻣﺴﺪود ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﮔﺎز ﺧﺮوﺟﻲ واﺣﺪ ﮔﺎز ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺷﺪه ﻳﺎ‬
‫ﭘﺎﻻﻳﺸﮕﺎه ﮔﺎز ﻳﺎ اﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎه ﺗﻘﻮﻳﺖ ﻓﺸﺎر ﮔﺎز و ﺷﻴﺮ ﻣﺴﺪود ﻛﻨﻨﺪه‬
‫ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ورودي ﺑﻪ ﭘﺎﻳﺎﻧﻪ ﭘﺨﺶ و ﻳﺎ ﻣﺤﻮﻃﻪ ﻣﺼﺮف ﻛﻨﻨﺪﮔﺎن ﺑﻪ‬
‫اﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎء ﻟﻮﻟﻪ و اﺗﺼﺎﻻت و ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎ و ﻏﻴﺮه ﺑﻴﻦ ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎي ﻣﺴﺪود‬
.‫ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ورودي و ﺧﺮوﺟﻲ اﺻﻠﻲ اﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻫﻬﺎي ﺗﻘﻮﻳﺖ ﻓﺸﺎر‬
A pipeline (including valves, traps and fittings)
between the block valve on the NGL plant or gas
refinery or gas compressor station gas outlet line
and the block valve at gas distribution terminal or
consumers premises inlet line but excluding the
piping, valves, fittings, etc. between the booster
stations main inlet and outlet block valves.
‫ ﻓﺸﺎر اﺗﻔﺎﻗﻲ‬6-2-3
3.2.6 Incidental pressure
‫ﻓﺸﺎري ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮاﺗﺮ ﻣﺤﺪود و در ﻳﻚ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ زﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﺤﺪود در‬
‫ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻧﺎﮔﻬﺎﻧﻲ ﻓﺸﺎر و ﻓﺸﺎر‬،‫ﻳﻚ ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ اﺗﻔﺎق ﻣﻲ اﻓﺘﺪ‬
‫ در ﺻﻮرﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ اﻛﺜﺮ اوﻗﺎت اﺗﻔﺎق‬،‫ﺣﺎﺻﻞ از اﻧﺒﺴﺎط ﻫﺎي ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ‬
.‫ﻧﻴﺎﻓﺘﺪ‬
Pressure which occurs in a pipeline with limited
frequency and within a limited period of time,
such as surge pressures and thermal expansions, if
not occurring most of the time
(‫ ﺧﻂ اﺻﻠﻲ ﻧﻔﺖ )ﺷﺎه ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻧﻔﺖ‬7-2-3
3.2.7 Main oil line (oil trunk line)
A pipeline (including valves and fittings) between
the main block valve on the production unit oil
outlet line and the main block valve on crude oil
terminal inlet line but excluding the piping,
valves, fittings, etc. between the booster stations
main inlet and outlet block valves.
‫ﻳﻚ ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ )ﻫﻤﺮاه اﺗﺼﺎﻻت و ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎ( ﺑﻴﻦ ﺷﻴﺮ ﻣﺴﺪود‬
‫ﻛﻨﻨﺪه اﺻﻠﻲ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺧﺮوﺟﻲ ﻧﻔﺖ از واﺣﺪ ﺑﻬﺮهﺑﺮداري و ﺷﻴﺮ‬
‫ﻣﺴﺪود ﻛﻨﻨﺪه اﺻﻠﻲ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎي ورودي ﺑﻪ ﭘﺎﻳﺎﻧﻪ ﻧﻔﺖ ﺧﺎم اﻣﺎ‬
‫ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎي ﻣﺴﺪود‬،‫ اﺗﺼﺎﻻت و ﻏﻴﺮه‬،‫ ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎ‬،‫ﺑﺪون ﻟﻮﻟﻪ‬
.‫ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ورودي و ﺧﺮوﺟﻲ اﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻫﻬﺎي ﺗﻘﻮﻳﺖ ﻓﺸﺎر‬
3.2.8 Maximum allowable incidental pressure
(MAIP)
‫ ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ ﻓﺸﺎر اﺗﻔﺎﻗﻲ ﻣﺠﺎز‬8-2-3
The maximum pressure that is allowed by ASME
B 31.4 and B 31.8 to occur in a pipeline with a
limited frequency and during limited period of
time.
ASME ‫ﺣــﺪاﻛﺜﺮ ﻓﺸــﺎر ﻣﺠﺎزي ﻛﻪ ﻃﺒــﻖ اﺳﺘــﺎﻧﺪاردﻫﺎي‬
3.2.9 Maximum allowable operating pressure
(MAOP)
‫ ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ ﻓﺸﺎر ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺗﻲ ﻣﺠﺎز‬9-2-3
The maximum pressure at which a pipeline is
allowed to be operated under steady state process
conditions, in accordance with ASME B 31.4 and
B 31.8.
‫ و‬ASME B 31.8 ‫ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ ﻓﺸﺎري ﻛﻪ ﻃﺒﻖ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪاردﻫﺎي‬
‫ ﻳﻚ ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻣﺠﺎز ﺑﺎ ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺗﻲ‬ASME B 31.4
.‫ﻳﻜﻨﻮاﺧﺖ و ﭘﺎﻳﺪار در ﺳﺮوﻳﺲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ ﻳﻚ ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮاﺗﺮ ﻣﺤﺪود و‬ASME B 31.4 ‫ و‬B 31.8
.‫در ﻳﻚ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ زﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﺤﺪود در ﺳﺮوﻳﺲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
7
Jul. 2009 / 1388 ‫ﺗﻴﺮ‬
‫ ﺧﻂ ﮔﺎز ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺷﺪه‬10-2-3
3.2.10 NGL line
‫ﻳﻚ ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ )ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎ و اﺗﺼﺎﻻت( ﺑﻴﻦ ﺷﻴﺮ ﻣﺴﺪود‬
‫ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺧﺮوﺟﻲ واﺣﺪ ﮔﺎز ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺷﺪه و ﺷﻴﺮ ﻣﺴﺪود‬
‫ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ورودي ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﻣﻴﻨﺎل ﭘﺨﺶ ﮔﺎز ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺷﺪه ﻳﺎ‬
. ‫واﺣﺪ ﮔﺎز ﻧﻔﺖ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺷﺪه ﻳﺎ ﻣﺤﻮﻃﻪ ﻣﺼﺮف ﻛﻨﻨﺪﮔﺎن‬
A pipeline (including valves and fittings) between
the block valve at the NGL plant liquid outlet line
and the block valve at the NGL distribution
terminal or LPG plant or consumers premises inlet
line.
‫ ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﺗﻨﺶ ﺗﺴﻠﻴﻢ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﺪه‬11-2-3
3.2.11 Specified minimum yield stress (SMYS)
‫ درﺻﺪ ﻛﺮﻧﺶ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ )ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ‬0/5 ‫ﺣﺪ ﺗﻨﺸﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺎً ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ‬
‫ اﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺪار ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻛﺎرﻓﺮﻣﺎ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‬.(‫اﻧﺠﻤﻦ ﻧﻔﺖ آﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ‬
‫ﭘﻴﻤﺎﻧﻜﺎر ﻓﺮﻋﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ آن را ﺿﻤـﺎﻧﺖ‬/‫ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه‬/‫و ﺳﺎزﻧﺪه‬
.‫ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ‬
The level of stress which produces 0.5 percent
total strain (API definition). This is specified by
the Company and shall be guaranteed by the
Manufacturers /Suppliers/Vendors.
‫ ﺳﻴﺎل ﭘﺎﻳﺪار‬12-2-3
3.2.12 Stable fluid
‫ ﺷﻤﺎره ﮔﺮﻳﺪ واﻛﻨﺶ ﭘﺬﻳﺮي‬NFPA ‫ﺳﻴﺎﻟﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻃﺒﻖ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬
.(‫ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﺷﻮد‬IPS-E-SF-100 ‫آن ﺻﻔﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ )ﺑﻪ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬
A fluid which has an NFPA reactivity grade
number of zero (Refer to IPS-E-SF-100)
‫ ﺳﻴﺎل ﺳﻤﻲ‬13-2-3
3.2.13 Toxic fluid
،‫ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﻤﺎم ﺳﻴﺎﻻت دﺳﺘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪي ﺷﺪه ﺑﺼﻮرت ﻛﻤﻲ ﺳﻤﻲ‬
. ‫ و ﺧﻴﻠﻲ ﺳﻤﻲ‬،‫ﺳﻤﻲ‬
Includes all fluids in the slightly toxic, toxic and
highly toxic categories.
‫ ﻋﻼﺋﻢ اﺧﺘﺼﺎري‬-4
4. ABBREVIATIONS
DN
Nominal Diameter
LPG
Liquefied Petroleum Gas
IPS-E-PI-140(1)
MAIP Maximum Allowable Incidental
Pressure
‫ﻗﻄﺮ اﺳﻤﻲ‬
DN
‫ﮔﺎز ﻧﻔﺘﻲ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺷﺪه‬
LPG
‫ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ ﻓﺸﺎر اﺗﻔﺎﻗﻲ ﻣﺠﺎز‬
MAIP
‫ ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ ﻓﺸﺎر ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺗﻲ ﻣﺠﺎز‬MAOP
MAOP Maximum Allowable Operating
Pressure
NGL
Natural Gas Liquid
‫ﻣﺎﻳﻌﺎت ﻫﻤﺮاه ﮔﺎز ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ‬
NGL
NPS
Nominal Pipe Size
‫اﻧﺪازه اﺳﻤﻲ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ‬
NPS
Re
Reynolds No.
‫ﻋﺪد رﻳﻨﻮﻟﺪز‬
Re
RF
Raised Face
‫ﺳﻄﺢ ﺑﺮﺟﺴﺘﻪ‬
RF
SI
International System of Units
‫ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﻤﻠﻠﻲ واﺣﺪﻫﺎ‬
SI
‫ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﺗﻨﺶ ﺗﺴﻠﻴﻢ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﺪه‬
SMYS
SMYS Specified Minimum Yield Stress
‫ واﺣﺪﻫﺎ‬-5
5. UNITS
،(SI) ‫ ﺑﺮﻣﺒﻨﺎي ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﻤﻠﻠﻲ واﺣﺪﻫﺎ‬،‫اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬
‫ ﻣﮕﺮ آﻧﻜﻪ در‬،‫ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬IPS-E-GN-100 ‫ﻣﻨﻄﺒﻖ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬
.‫ﻣﺘﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﺑﻪ واﺣﺪ دﻳﮕﺮي اﺷﺎره ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
This standard is based on International System of
Units (SI), as per IPS-E-GN-100 except where
otherwise specified.
‫ دﺳﺘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪي ﺳﻴﺎﻻت‬-6
6. FLUID CATEGORIES
Based on the hazard potential of a fluid
‫ﺳﻴﺎﻻﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ اﻧﺘﻘﺎل ﻣﻲ ﻳﺎﺑﻨﺪ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺧﻄﺮ ﺳﺎز‬
8
Jul. 2009 / 1388 ‫ﺗﻴﺮ‬
transported in the pipeline, it should be
categorized in one of the following four groups.
1
IPS-E-PI-140(1)
.‫ در ﻳﻜﻲ از ﭼﻬﺎر دﺳﺘﻪ زﻳﺮ ﻗﺮار ﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ‬، ‫ﺑﻮدن آن ﻫﺎ‬
TABLE 1 - FLUID CATEGORIES
‫ دﺳﺘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪي ﺳﻴﺎﻻت‬-1 ‫ﺟﺪول‬
12
CATEGORY
DESCRIPTION
EXAMPLE
‫ﺷﺮح‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎل‬
‫دﺳﺘﻪ‬
14
A
‫اﻟﻒ‬
B
‫ب‬
C
‫ج‬
D
‫د‬
Non-flammable, stable and non-toxic fluids which are in liquid form at ambient
temperature and 50 kPa (0.5 bar) above atmospheric pressure, i.e. having vapor
pressure lower than 150 kPa (1.5 bar) (abs) at ambient temperature.
Water, slurries
‫ ﺑﺎر( ﺑﺎﻻي ﻓﺸﺎر‬0/5 ) ‫ ﻛﻴﻠﻮ ﭘﺎﺳﻜﺎل‬50 ‫ﺳﻴﺎل ﻏﻴﺮﻗﺎﺑﻞ اﺷﺘﻌﺎل و ﻏﻴﺮ ﺳﻤﻲ و ﭘﺎﻳﺪار ﻛﻪ در دﻣﺎي ﻣﺤﻴﻂ و ﻓﺸﺎر‬
(‫ ﺑﺎر‬1/5) ‫ ﻛﻴﻠﻮ ﭘﺎﺳﻜﺎل‬150 ‫ ﺑﻪ ﻋﺒﺎرت دﻳﮕﺮ ﺳﻴﺎﻟﻲ ﻛﻪ داراي ﻓﺸﺎر ﺑﺨﺎر ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﺗﺮ از‬.‫اﺗﻤﺴﻔﺮ ﺑﺼﻮرت ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
.‫ﻣﻄﻠﻖ در دﻣﺎي ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
Flammable, or unstable or toxic fluids which are in liquid form at ambient
temperature and 50 kPa (0.5 bar ) above atmospheric pressure, i.e. having vapor
pressure lower than 150 kPa (1.5 bar) (abs) at ambient temperature.
‫ دوﻏﺎب‬،‫آب‬
Stabilized crude,
gas oil
‫ ﺑﺎر( ﺑﺎﻻي ﻓﺸﺎر اﺗﻤﺴﻔﺮ‬0/5) ‫ ﻛﻴﻠﻮ ﭘﺎﺳﻜﺎل‬50 ‫ﺳﻴﺎل ﻗﺎﺑﻞ اﺷﺘﻌﺎل ﻳﺎ ﺳﻤﻲ ﻳﺎ ﻏﻴﺮ ﭘﺎﻳﺪار ﻛﻪ در دﻣﺎي ﻣﺤﻴﻂ و ﻓﺸﺎر‬
‫ ﺑﺎر( ﻣﻄﻠﻖ‬1/5 ) ‫ ﻛﻴﻠﻮ ﭘﺎﺳﻜﺎل‬150 ‫ ﺑﻪ ﻋﺒﺎرت دﻳﮕﺮ ﺳﻴﺎﻟﻲ ﻛﻪ داراي ﻓﺸﺎر ﺑﺨﺎر ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﺗﺮ از‬.‫ﺑﺼﻮرت ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
.‫در دﻣﺎي ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
Non-flammable, stable, non-toxic fluids which are in gaseous form or a mixture of gas
and liquid at ambient temperature and 50 kPa (0.5 bar) above atmospheric pressure, i.e.
having vapor pressure higher than 150 kPa (1.5 bar (abs) at ambient temperature.
‫ ﮔﺎزوﺋﻴﻞ‬،‫ﻧﻔﺖ ﺧﺎم ﭘﺎﻳﺪار‬
Nitrogen, carbon
Dioxide
‫ ﺑﺎر( ﺑﺎﻻي ﻓﺸﺎر‬0/5 ) ‫ ﻛﻴﻠﻮﭘﺎﺳﻜﺎل‬50 ‫ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺳﻤﻲ و ﭘﺎﻳﺪار ﻛﻪ در دﻣﺎي ﻣﺤﻴﻂ و ﻓﺸﺎر‬، ‫ﺳﻴﺎل ﻏﻴﺮﻗﺎﺑﻞ اﺷﺘﻌﺎل‬
150 ‫ ﺑﻪ ﻋﺒﺎرت دﻳﮕﺮ ﺳﻴﺎﻟﻲ ﻛﻪ داراي ﻓﺸﺎر ﺑﺨﺎر ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ از‬.‫اﺗﻤﺴﻔﺮ ﺑﺼﻮرت ﮔﺎز ﺑﺎ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻃﻲ از ﮔﺎز و ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
.‫ ﺑﺎر( ﻣﻄﻠﻖ در دﻣﺎي ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬1/5 ) ‫ﻛﻴﻠﻮ ﭘﺎﺳﻜﺎل‬
Flammable, or unstable or toxic fluids which are in gaseous form or a mixture of gas
and liquid at ambient temperature and 50 kPa (0.5 bar) above atmospheric pressure, i.e.
having vapor pressure higher than 150 kPa (1.5 bar) (abs) at ambient temperature.
‫ ﮔﺎز ﻛﺮﺑﻨﻴﻚ‬،‫ازت‬
Natural gas, LPG,
Ammonia
‫ ﺑﺎر( ﺑﺎﻻي ﻓﺸﺎر اﺗﻤﺴﻔﺮ‬0/5 ) ‫ ﻛﻴﻠﻮ ﭘﺎﺳﻜﺎل‬50 ‫ﺳﻴﺎل ﻗﺎﺑﻞ اﺷﺘﻌﺎل ﻳﺎ ﺳﻤﻲ ﻳﺎ ﻏﻴﺮ ﭘﺎﻳﺪار ﻛﻪ در دﻣﺎي ﻣﺤﻴﻂ و ﻓﺸﺎر‬
‫ ﻛﻴﻠﻮ‬150 ‫ ﺑﻪ ﻋﺒﺎرت دﻳﮕﺮ ﺳﻴﺎﻟﻲ ﻛﻪ داراي ﻓﺸﺎر ﺑﺨﺎر ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ از‬.‫ﺑﺼﻮرت ﮔﺎز ﻳﺎ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻃﻲ از ﮔﺎز و ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
.‫ ﺑﺎر( ﻣﻄﻠﻖ در دﻣﺎي ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬1/5 ) ‫ﭘﺎﺳﻜﺎل‬
‫ﮔﺎز ﻧﻔﺘﻲ‬، ‫ﮔﺎز ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ‬
‫ آﻣﻮﻧﻴﺎك‬، ‫ﻣﺎﻳﻊ‬
:‫ﻳﺎدآوري‬
Note:
‫ اﻳﻦ‬2-3 ‫ ﭘﺎﻳﺪار و ﺳﻤﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺑﻨـﺪ‬،‫ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺳﻴﺎﻻت آﺗﺶ ﮔﻴﺮ‬
.‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﺷﻮد‬
For definition of flammable, stable and toxic
fluids see 3.2 of this Standard.
‫ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ‬-7
7. DESIGN
‫ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺎت ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ‬1-7
7.1 General Considerations
‫ و ﺳﺎﻳﺮ‬ASME B 31.4 ‫ و‬ASME B 31.8 ‫ﻗﺴﻤﺘﻬﺎﺋﻲ از‬
‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪاردﻫﺎ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ آﻧﻬﺎ ارﺟﺎع ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ و ﺗﻮﺳﻂ اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬
‫ﺗﻜﻤﻴﻞ ﺷﺪه اﻧﺪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺮاي ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻗﺮار‬
،‫ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ در آن ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮد ﻛﻪ اﻟﺰاﻣﺎت و ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺗﻲ‬
‫ اﻟﺰاﻣﺎت‬،‫ ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ‬،‫ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮات و ﻧﮕﻬﺪاري‬،‫آﺳﺎﻧﻲ ﺑﺎزرﺳﻲ‬
‫ ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﺧﺎك ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ و‬،‫ آب و ﻫﻮا‬،‫ ﻣﺤﻞ ﺟﻐﺮاﻓﻴﺎﻳﻲ‬،‫اﻳﻤﻨﻲ‬
The relevant sections of ASME B31.4, B31.8 and
other standards referred to and supplemented by
this Standard shall be used for design of the
pipeline in which the operating conditions and
requirements, ease of inspection and maintenance,
environmental conditions, safety requirements,
geographic location, climatic, geotechnic and
9
Jul. 2009 / 1388 ‫ﺗﻴﺮ‬
seismic conditions as well as future changes and
expansions should be taken into account over the
pipeline entire projected life cycle including its
final abandonment.
IPS-E-PI-140(1)
‫ﻓﺼﻠﻲ و ﻧﻴﺰ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮات و ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪﻫﺎي ﺑﻌﺪي ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻤﺎم دوره‬
‫زﻣﺎﻧﻲ اﺟﺮاي ﭘﺮوژه ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ و ﻣﺪت زﻣﺎن در ﺳﺮوﻳﺲ ﻗﺮار‬
.‫ﻧﮕﺮﻓﺘﻦ آن ﺑﻌﺪ از اﺗﻤﺎم ﭘﺮوژه در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
‫ اﻟﺰاﻣﺎت ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺗﻲ‬2-7
7.2 Operational Requirements
‫ ﺑﺎزرﺳﻲ و ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮات و ﻧﮕﻬﺪاري ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ در‬،‫ﻧﻴﺎزﻫﺎي ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺗﻲ‬
‫ﻣﺪت زﻣﺎن ﭘﻴﺶ ﺑﻴﻨﻲ ﺷﺪه ﺑﺮاي ﻋﻤﺮ ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ و ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﻌﻴﺎرﻫﺎ‬
‫و ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪرﻳﺰي ﺷﺪه ﻛﻪ از ﻗﺒﻞ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺴﺌﻮﻟﻴﻦ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺗﻲ و‬
‫ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮات و ﻧﮕﻬﺪاري ﺗﻮاﻓﻖ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ در ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ‬
‫ ﻣﻴﺰان‬.‫و ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻛﺸﻲ ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ آن در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﻮد‬
،‫ ﭘﺎﻳﺶ ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ و ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻧﮕﻬﺪاري آن‬،‫ﺣﻀﻮر اﻓﺮاد‬
‫ دﺳﺘﺮﺳﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺎده‬،‫ ارﺗﺒﺎﻃﺎت‬،‫اﺟﺮاي ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت از راه دور‬
‫ ﻧﻴﺎز ﺑﻪ ﻣﺴﻴﺮﻫﺎي ﻓﺮﻋﻲ ﺑﺮاي اﺟﺰاﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻧﻴﺎز ﺑﻪ‬،‫اﺧﺘﺼﺎﺻﻲ‬
،‫ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮات ﻣﻨﻈﻢ ﺑﺪون از ﺳﺮوﻳﺲ ﺧﺎرج ﻛﺮدن ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ دارﻧﺪ‬
‫ﻋﻮاﻣﻠﻲ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺧﺎﺻﻲ ﺑﻪ آﻧﻬﺎ در زﻣﺎن ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ‬
.‫ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‬
،‫اﻟﺰاﻣﺎت ﺑﺮاي ﭘﺎﻳﺶ ﻳﻜﭙﺎرﭼﻪ ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﭘﺎﻳﺶ ﺧﻮردﮔﻲ‬
‫( ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬SCADA) ‫ ﻛﻨﺘﺮل ﻧﻈﺎرﺗﻲ و ﻛﺴﺐ اﻃﻼﻋﺎت‬،‫ﻧﺸﺖ ﻳﺎﺑﻲ‬
.‫در ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﮔﺮدﻧﺪ‬
In designing the pipeline and its associated piping
systems, due account shall be given to the
operation,
inspection
and
maintenance
requirements for the predicted life cycle and the
planned conditions and criteria as set by and/or
agreed in advance with the personnel responsible
for the operation and maintenance of the pipeline.
Due regard should also be given to manning
levels, pipeline condition monitoring and
maintenance
system,
remote
operations,
communications, means of access to the right-ofway, by-pass requirements for components
needing regular maintenance without interruption
of the pipeline operation, etc.
Requirements for pipeline integrity monitoring
such as corrosion monitoring, leak detection,
supervisory control and data acquisition
(SCADA) shall be established at the design stage.
(‫ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺎت اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي )ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪ ﺳﺎزي‬3-7
7.3 Economic Considerations (Optimization)
‫وﻗﺘﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮاي ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ و ﻧﺼﺐ ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ روﺷﻬﺎي ﻣﺘﻌﺪدي‬
‫ ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪ‬،‫وﺟﻮد داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﺑﺎ ﻧﻴﺎزﻫﺎي ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺗﻲ ﺑﺎ دﻗﺖ ﻓﻨﻲ ﺑﺎﻻ و ﺑﺎ ﺑﻬﺘﺮﻳﻦ روش و‬
‫ ﻳﻚ ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي ﺑﺎﻳﺪ اﻧﺠﺎم‬،‫ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ‬
‫ ﻋﻼوه ﺑﺮ ﻋﻮاﻣﻠﻲ ﻛﻪ اﺛﺮات ﻣﻬﻤﻲ در ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ و‬.‫ﭘﺬﻳﺮد‬
،‫رﻳﺴﻚﻫﺎي اﻳﻤﻨﻲ و اﻫﻤﻴﺖ اﺛﺮات زﻳﺴﺖ ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ دارﻧﺪ‬
‫ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮد ﻛﻪ در ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﻫﺎي اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي ذﻛﺮ ﺷﺪه ﻣﻮارد‬
:‫زﻳﺮ ﻧﻴﺰ در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
When there are alternatives for designing and
constructing a pipeline, an economic analysis
shall be carried out to determine the optimum
design specifications to meet the specified
operating requirements with the highest technical
integrity in the best possible way at the lowest
possible cost. The analysis should consider the
following parameters as well as other factors
which could have significant cost implications on
the one hand and safety risks and environmental
impacts on the other:
a) Different pipe diameters, operating
pressures, flow velocities, materials, etc.
‫ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ‬،‫ ﻓﺸــﺎر ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺗﻲ‬،‫اﻟﻒ( ﻗﻄـــﺮﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ‬
b) Distances between booster stations, with
due consideration to other facilities required
for operation and maintenance of booster
stations.
‫ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻻزم‬،‫ب( ﻓﻮاﺻﻞ ﺑﻴﻦ اﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻫﻬﺎي ﺗﻘﻮﻳﺖ ﻓﺸﺎر‬
.‫ ﺟﻨﺲ ﻣﻮاد و ﻏﻴﺮه‬،‫ﺟﺮﻳﺎن‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﺗﺴﻬﻴﻼت ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻴﺎز ﺑﺮاي ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت و ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮات و‬
.‫ﻧﮕﻬﺪاري اﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻫﻬﺎي ﺗﻘﻮﻳﺘﻲ‬
c) Alternative routes with their problems,
peculiarities, impacts and risks with due
consideration to the interaction between the
pipeline and the environment during each
stage of the pipeline life cycle.
،‫ ﺣﺎﻻت وﻳﮋه‬،‫ج( ﻣﺴﻴﺮﻫﺎي ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺰﻳﻦ و ﻣﺸﻜﻼت آﻧﻬﺎ‬
‫آﺳﻴﺐ ﻫﺎ و ﺧﻄﺮات اﺣﺘﻤﺎﻟﻲ و ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺎت ﻣﻘﺘﻀﻲ ﺑﻪ‬
‫اﺛﺮات ﻣﺘﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ در ﻃﻲ ﻫﺮ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ از‬
.‫دوره ﻋﻤﺮ ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ‬
d) Various construction methods particularly
at different crossings, difficult terrains,
marshy areas, etc.
‫د( روﺷﻬﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ اﺟﺮاﻳﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺧﺼﻮص در ﺗﻘﺎﻃﻊ ﻫﺎي‬
.‫ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺑﺎﺗﻼﻗﻲ و ﻏﻴﺮه‬،‫ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺻﻌﺐ اﻟﻌﺒﻮر‬،‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ‬
10
Jul. 2009 / 1388 ‫ﺗﻴﺮ‬
IPS-E-PI-140(1)
7.4 Hydraulic Design
‫ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﻫﻴﺪروﻟﻴﻜﻲ‬4-7
7.4.1 General considerations
‫ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺎت ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ‬1-4-7
‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎت ﻣﻘﺪار ﺟﺮﻳﺎن وﻳﺎ اﻓﺖ ﻓﺸﺎر ﺑﺮاي ﺧﻄﻮط ﻟﻮﻟﻪ در‬
‫ﺳﺮوﻳﺴﻬﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ را ﻣﻴﺘﻮان ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻓﺮﻣﻮﻟﻬﺎ و روﺷﻬﺎي‬
‫ ﮔﺮﭼﻪ‬.‫ﺑﻴﺎن ﺷﺪه وﻳﺎ ارﺟﺎع ﺷﺪه در اﻳﻦ زﻳﺮ ﺑﺨﺶ اﻧﺠﺎم داد‬
‫ﺳﺎزﮔﺎري ﻣﻌﺎدﻻت و روﺷﻬﺎي داده ﺷﺪه ﻳﺎ ارﺟﺎع ﺷﺪه در اﻳﻦ‬
‫زﻳﺮﺑﺨﺶ ﺑﺮاي ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ اﻓﺖ ﻓﺸﺎر ﺑﺎ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻴﺎت واﻗﻌﻲ‬
‫ ﺑﺎ وﺟﻮد‬،‫ﺣﺎﺻﻠﻪ در ﺿﻤﻦ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت ﻛﻼً ﺑﻪ اﺛﺒﺎت رﺳﻴﺪه اﺳﺖ‬
ً‫اﻳﻦ در ﺣﺎﻻت ﺧﺎص و در ﺟﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت ﺳﻴﺎل ﻛﺎﻣﻼ‬
‫ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﻣﻴﺸﻮد روﺷﻬﺎي ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎﺗﻲ‬
.‫دﻗﻴﻘﺘﺮي ﻣﺪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻗﺮار داد‬
،‫ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت ﺳﻴﺎل و ﻣﻘﺪار ﺟﺮﻳﺎن‬،‫ﺑﺮاي ﻗﻄﺮ داده ﺷﺪه ﻟﻮﻟﻪ‬
‫ﻳﻚ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻫﻴﺪروﻟﻴﻜﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎر رود ﺗﺎ ﻣﺤﺪوده ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻗﺒﻮل‬
‫ﭘﺎراﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎي ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻓﺮاﻫﻢ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﭘﺮوﻓﻴﻞ ﻓﺸﺎر و‬
‫دﻣﺎ در ﻃﻮل ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ در ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﭘﺎﻳﺪار و ﮔﺬرا و در ﻫﺮ‬
‫دو ﻓﺼﻞ ﺗﺎﺑﺴﺘﺎن و زﻣﺴﺘﺎن ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺑﺎ در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ‬
‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮات اﺣﺘﻤﺎﻟﻲ در ﻣﻘﺪار ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﻫﺎ و وﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﻫﺎي‬
.‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺗﻲ در ﻋﻤﺮ ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ را ﺑﺪﻫﺪ‬
:‫اﻳﻦ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻬﻴﻪ اﻃﻼﻋﺎت در ﻣﻮرد ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ زﻳﺮ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
Flow rate and/or pressure drop calculations may
be made for the pipelines in various services
using the formulas and methods set out and/or
referred to in this Sub-section. Although the
equations and methods for calculating the
pressure drops quoted or referred to in this Subsection have proved to be generally consistent
with the actual experienced results during
operation, nevertheless, more accurate methods of
calculation should be considered for particular
cases and where the fluid characteristics are fully
known.
For a given pipe size, fluid characteristics and
flow rate, a hydraulic analysis should be carried
out to establish the possible range of operational
parameters which should provide the pressure and
temperature profiles along the pipeline for steady
state and transient conditions for both summer
and winter cases by taking full account of the
possible changes in flow rates and operational
modes over the life span of the pipeline.
The analysis should provide data to address the
following:
- Surge pressure during sudden shut-down of
the liquid lines.
‫ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻧﺎﮔﻬﺎﻧﻲ ﻓﺸﺎر در ﺿﻤﻦ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺷﺪن آﻧﻲ ﺧﻄﻮط‬.‫ﻣﺎﻳﻊ‬
- Turn-down limitation and inhibition or
insulation requirements to avoid wax or
hydrates or other impurities to deposit.
‫ ﻣﺤﺪوده ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﺟﺮﻳﺎن و ﺑﺎز دارﻧﺪه ﻫﺎ ﻳﺎ ﻧﻴﺎزﻫﺎي ﻋﺎﻳﻖ‬‫ﻛﺎري ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﭘﺮﻫﻴﺰ از رﺳﻮب ﻣﻮم ﻳﺎ آب ﻳﺎ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ‬
.‫ﻧﺎﺧﺎﻟﺼﻲ ﻫﺎ‬
.‫ اﺛﺮ ﻣﻘﺎدﻳﺮ ﺟﺮﻳﺎن روي ﻛﺎرآﻳﻲ ﺑﺎزدارﻧﺪهﻫﺎي ﺧﻮردﮔﻲ‬-
- Effect of flow rates on the efficiency of the
corrosion inhibitors.
‫ ﻧﻴﺎز ﺑﻪ ﺟﺪاﺳﺎزي ﻣﺎﻳﻌﺎت و ﻳﺎ ﻛﻨﺘﺮل ﻟﺠﻦ ﺑﺨﺼﻮص در‬‫اﻧﺘﻬﺎي ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ دﺳﺘﻲ ﺧﻄﻮط دو ﻓﻠﺰي ﻳﺎ در ﻧﻘﺎط داراي‬
.‫ﻓﺸﺎر ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ‬
‫اﺛﺮ داﻣﻨﻪ ﺑﺎﻻي ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺟﺮﻳﺎن و ﺑﻮﺟﻮد آﻣﺪن‬
‫ اﺗﺼﺎﻻت‬،‫ﭘﺪﻳﺪهﻫﺎي ﻛﺎوﻳﺘﺎﺳﻴﻮن و ﺳﺎﻳﺶ روي ﺟﺪاره ﻟﻮﻟﻪ‬
‫و ﺷﻴﺮآﻻت ؛‬
‫ اﻟﺰاﻣﺎت ﺗﻤﻴﺰﻛﺎري ﺑﺮاي دﻓﻊ ﻣﻮادي ﻛﻪ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺖ در‬‫اﺛﺮ ﺑﺮﺧﻮرد آب ﻳﺎ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻣﻮاد ﺧﻮرﻧﺪه در ﻟﻮﻟﻪ رﺳﻮب ﻛﺮده‬
.( ‫ رﺟﻮع ﺷﻮد‬API 1160 ‫ )ﺑﻪ‬.‫ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬
- Liquid catching and slug control requirement
especially at the downstream end of two-phase
lines or at the low pressure points.
- Effect of higher velocity ranges on
impingement, cavitations and erosion on pipe
wall, fittings and valves.
- Cleaning requirements for water and other
corrosive substances which may deposit in the
line. (Refer to API 1160)
‫ ﻣﺤﺪودﻳﺘﻬﺎي ﺳﺮﻋﺖ‬2-4-7
7.4.2 Velocity limitations
‫ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد ﻛﻪ در ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺣﺎوي ﻣﺎﻳﻌﺎت ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ‬
‫ از‬.‫ ﻣﺘﺮ در ﺛﺎﻧﻴﻪ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺷﻮد‬2 ‫ ﺗﺎ‬1 ‫ﻧﺮﻣﺎل ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﺑﻴﻦ‬
For liquid lines the normal average flow
velocities should be selected between 1 to 2 m/s.
11
Jul. 2009 / 1388 ‫ﺗﻴﺮ‬
IPS-E-PI-140(1)
Operations above 4 m/s should be avoided and
lines containing a separate water phase (even in
small quantity such as 1% water cut) should not
operate at velocities below 1 m/s (to prevent
water dropout which may create corrosive
situations).
‫ ﻣﺘﺮ در ﺛﺎﻧﻴﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ اﺟﺘﻨﺎب ﻧﻤﻮد و‬4 ‫ﺳﺮﻋﺖﻫﺎي ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺗﻲ ﺑﺎﻻي‬
(‫ درﺻﺪ‬1 ‫در ﺧﻄﻮط داراي ﻓﺎز آب )ﺣﺘﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻘﺪار ﻛﻢ ﻣﺜﻞ‬
‫ ﻣﺘﺮ در ﺛﺎﻧﻴﻪ )ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﭘﺮﻫﻴﺰ از‬1 ‫ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺗﻲ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ از‬
‫ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﻗﻄﺮات آب ﻛﻪ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺖ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﺧﻮرﻧﺪه‬
.‫ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ( ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﻧﻤﻲ ﮔﺮدد‬
For gas lines the normal average flow velocities
should be selected between 5 to 10 m/s and in
special cases, continuous operations up to 20 m/s.
Velocities lower than 5 m/s may have to be used
for fluids containing solid particles where
maximum velocity will be dictated by the
occurrence of erosion.
‫ ﺗﺎ‬5 ‫در ﺧﻄﻮط ﮔﺎز اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﻧﺮﻣﺎل ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﺑﻴﻦ‬
‫ ﻣﺘﺮ‬20 ‫ ﻣﺘﺮ در ﺛﺎﻧﻴﻪ و در ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﺧﺎص ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺗﻲ ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﺗﺎ‬10
‫ ﺑﺮاي ﺳﻴﺎﻻﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺣﺎوي ذرات ﺟﺎﻣﺪ‬.‫در ﺛﺎﻧﻴﻪ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد‬
‫ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﺟﺎﺋﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺳﺎﻳﺶ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ ﻣﺘﺮ در ﺛﺎﻧﻴﻪ اﺟﺒﺎري‬5 ‫ﻣﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺖ از ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻫﺎي ﻛﻤﺘﺮ از‬
.‫ﮔﺮدد‬
:‫ﻳﺎدآوري‬
Note:
‫ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ ﺳﺮﻋﺘﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻳﻚ ﺳﻴﺎل ﺗﺮاﻛﻢ ﭘﺬﻳﺮ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ‬
‫ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد‬.‫آورد ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺑﺤﺮاﻧﻲ ﻳﺎ ﺻﻮﺗﻲ ﻧﺎﻣﻴﺪه ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد‬
‫ﻛﻪ ﺗﺤﺖ ﻫﻴﭻ ﺷﺮاﻳﻄﻲ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺗﻲ از ﻧﺼﻒ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺑﺤﺮاﻧﻲ‬
.‫ﺗﺠﺎوز ﻧﻨﻤﺎﻳﺪ‬
The maximum velocity that can be attained by a
compressible fluid is the critical or sonic velocity.
In no case should the operating velocity exceed
one half of the critical velocity.
Vc  kgRT ‫ﺑﺮاي ﮔﺎزﻫﺎي اﻳﺪه آل ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺑﺤﺮاﻧﻲ‬
For ideal gases critical velocity, Vc  kgRT
:‫ﻛﻪ در آن‬
Where:
Vc
K=
g
Cp
specific heat Ratio
Cv
‫ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﮔﺮﻣﺎي وﻳﮋه‬
R=Rο/M : Gas constant
Rο=8314 J/kg mol/°K Universal Gas Constant
Mole weight, kg
T
Gas absolute temperature, degree
Kelvin
K=
Cp
Cv
9/81 m/sec2 ‫ﺷﺘﺎب ﺛﻘﻞ‬
g
‫ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﮔﺎز‬R=Rο/M
Gravity acceleration, 9.81 m/sec²
M
Vc
m/sec ‫ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺑﺤﺮاﻧﻲ‬
Critical velocity, m/sec
8314 J/kg mol/°K=‫ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ ﮔﺎزﻫﺎ‬
Rο
‫ ﻛﻴﻠﻮﮔﺮم‬،‫وزن ﻣﻠﻜﻮﻟﻲ‬
‫ درﺟﻪ ﻛﻠﻮﻳﻦ‬،‫دﻣﺎي ﻣﻄﻠﻖ ﮔﺎز‬
M
T
‫در ﺟﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻃﻲ از ﮔﺎز و ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﻣﻨﺘﻘﻞ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد ﺳﺮﻋﺖ‬
Where a mixture of gas and liquid is being
transported, the erosional velocity may be
determined by Ve  1.22C/ ρ m
‫ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ‬Ve  1.22C/ ρ m ‫ﺳﺎﻳﺸﻲ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮان از ﻓﺮﻣﻮل‬
.‫ﻧﻤﻮد‬
Where:
:‫ﻛﻪ در آن‬
Ve
Erosional velocity, m/sec
C
Empirical constant = 125 for noncontinuous operation and 100 for
continuous operation
ρm
Density of the gas/liquid. mixture
in kg/m³ at operating pressure and
temperature (See Note 1 in Appendix C)
12
m/sec ،‫ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺳﺎﻳﺸﻲ‬
Ve
‫ ﺑﺮاي ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ و‬125 =‫ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻲ‬
‫ ﺑﺮاي ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬100
C
‫ﭼﮕﺎﻟﻲ ﻣﺨﻠﻮط ﮔﺎز و ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ‬
‫ در ﻓﺸﺎر و دﻣﺎي ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺗﻲ‬kg/m³
(‫ در ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺖ ج ﻣﻼﺣﻈﻪ ﺷﻮد‬1 ‫)ﻳﺎدآوري‬
ρm
Jul. 2009 / 1388 ‫ﺗﻴﺮ‬
IPS-E-PI-140(1)
‫در ﺟﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ اﺣﺘﻤﺎل وﺟﻮد ﺷﻦ ﻳﺎ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ذرات ﺳﺎﻳﻨﺪه وﺟﻮد‬
‫دارد؛ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﻣﻲ ﮔﺮدد ﻛﻪ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺳﻴﺎل را ﻛﻢ ﻧﻤﻮد و ﻳﺎ از‬
‫ﺟﻨﺲ وﻳﮋه اي اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻧﻤﻮد ﻛﻪ از ﺳﺎﻳﺶ ﭘﺮﻫﻴﺰ ﻳﺎ ﻛﺎﺳﺘﻪ‬
.‫ﮔﺮدد‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﻫﺮ ﺣﺎل در ﺧﻄﻮط دو ﻓﺎزي )ﺑﺨﺼﻮص در ﺧﻄﻮط ﻃﻮﻳﻞ ﺑﺎ‬
‫ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮات ارﺗﻔﺎع( ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺳﺮﻋﺘﻲ را اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﻧﻤﻮد ﻛﻪ ﺳﻴﺎل داراي‬
‫ﻳﻚ رژﻳﻢ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺎ ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ اﻓﺖ ﻓﺸﺎر در ﻃﻮل ﺧﻂ‬
.‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
If sand or other erosive solids are expected to be
present, the fluid velocity should be reduced
and/or special materials selected to avoid or
reduce erosion.
However in two-phase lines (especially for long
lines with elevation changes) the velocity shall be
selected to have a suitable flow regime with
minimum pressure drop across the lines.
‫ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎت اﻓﺖ ﻓﺸﺎر‬3-4-7
7.4.3 Pressure drop calculations
‫ اﻓﺖ ﻓﺸﺎر در ﺧﻄﻮط ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻧﻔﺖ ﺧﺎم‬1-3-4-7
7.4.3.1 Pressure drop in crude oil pipelines
a) For sizes up to DN 750 (NPS 30) and fully
turbulent flow, the Service Pipeline Co.
formula may be used (see Appendix A).
‫ و‬DN 750 (NPS 30) ‫اﻟﻒ( ﺑﺮاي ﻟﻮﻟﻪﻫﺎي ﺗﺎ ﻗﻄﺮ‬
b) For sizes above DN 750 (NPS 30) the
Shell/MIT
(Massachusetts
Institute
of
Technology) formula may be used for both
laminar and turbulent flow (see Appendix B).
DN 750 (NPS 30) ‫ب( ﺑﺮاي ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺑﺎ ﻗﻄﺮ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ از‬
Service ‫ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﻛﺎﻣﻼً ﻣﺘﻼﻃﻢ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮان از ﻓﺮﻣﻮل‬
.(‫ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻧﻤﻮد )ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺖ اﻟﻒ‬Pipeline Co.
‫ )اﻧﺴﺘﻴﺘﻮ ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮژي‬Shell/MIT‫ﻣﻴﺘﻮان از ﻓﺮﻣﻮل‬
‫ﻣﺎﺳﺎﭼﻮﺳﺖ( ﺑﺮاي ﻫﺮ دو ﺟﺮﻳﺎن آرام و ﻣﺘﻼﻃﻢ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬
.(‫ﺷﻮد )ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺖ ب‬
:‫ﻳﺎدآوريﻫﺎ‬
Notes:
‫ ﺑﺮاي ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺑﺎ ﻗﻄﺮ‬MIT ‫( ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ اﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﻓﺮﻣﻮل‬1
‫ و ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻗﺒﻮل‬DN 750 (NPS 30)
‫ﻣﻲدﻫﺪ ﻟﺬا از اﻳﻦ ﻓﺮﻣﻮل در ﺟﺮﻳﺎن آرام در ﻛﻠﻴﻪ اﻧﺪازه ﻫﺎ‬
.‫ﻣﻴﺘﻮان اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻧﻤﻮد‬
‫( ﻓﺮﻣﻮﻟﻬﺎي ﺑﺎﻻ ﺑﺮاي ﻧﻔﺖ ﺧﺎﻣﻲ ﻛﻪ در ﺣﺎل ﺣﺎﺿﺮ در‬2
‫اﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻧﻔﺘﻲ ﺟﻨﻮب اﻳﺮان ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ )ﺑﺎ ﺷﻤﺎره‬
‫ ﺑﻪ ﻫﺮ‬.‫( ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ دﻗﻴﻘﻲ دادهاﻧﺪ‬34 ‫ و‬30 ‫ ﺑﻴﻦ‬API ‫ﺑﻨﺪي‬
‫ﺣﺎل ﺑﺮاي ﻧﻔﺖ ﺧﺎﻣﻲ ﻛﻪ داراي ﺧﻮاﺻﻲ ﻛﺎﻣﻼً ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ‬
‫ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺖ اﻳﻦ ﻓﺮﻣﻮﻟﻬﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺪ ﻛﺎﻓﻲ دﻗﻴﻖ‬
‫ﻧﺒﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﻟﺬا ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ اﺻﻄﻜﺎك ﺑﺎﻳﺪ از اﺻﻮل‬
.‫ﻫﻴﺪروﻟﻴﻜﻲ ﭘﺎﻳﻪ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﻮد‬
‫( ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد ﻛﻪ ﻣﺒﻨﺎي اوﻟﻴﻪ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻗﻄﺮ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺑﺮ‬3
‫اﺳﺎس ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﻛﻪ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ از ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺳﺎﻳﺸﻲ ﺳﻴﺎل‬
2-4-7 ‫ﻧﮕﻪ داﺷﺘﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﮔﺮدد )ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ ﺑﻨﺪ‬
.(‫ﻣﻼﺣﻈﻪ ﺷﻮد‬
‫اﻓﺖ ﻓﺸﺎر در ﺧﻂ ﺟﺮﻳﺎن و ﻫﻤﻴﻨﻄﻮر ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﭘﺎراﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎي ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ‬
.‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻃﻮري ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ در ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﮔﺎز از ﻧﻔﺖ ﺟﺪا ﻧﺸﻮد‬
1) As for diameter sizes of DN 750 (NPS 30)
and below, the MIT equation also gives
acceptable results, it may be used for laminar
flow in all pipe sizes.
2) The above formulas have given accurate
results for the crude oils presently produced
from most of the fields in south of Iran (with
API No ranging between 30 and 34).
However, for crude oil properties which are
substantially different, these formulas may
not be accurate enough and therefore basic
hydraulic principles shall be applied to
determine the friction factor.
3) Flow lines should be sized primarily on the
basis of flow velocity which should be kept at
least below fluid erosional velocity (see Note
in 7.4.2).
The pressure drop in the flow line as well as other
design parameters shall be such that gas
separation from the oil can not occur in the
pipeline.
For estimating the pressure drop, the use of a
simplified Darcy equation is recommended (see
Appendix C). However, for appropriate hydraulic
design of flow lines, a computer program shall be
‫ﺑﺮاي ﺗﺨﻤﻴﻦ اﻓﺖ ﻓﺸﺎر ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد از ﺗﺎﺑﻊ ﺳﺎده ﺷﺪه‬
‫ ﺑﻪ ﻫﺮ ﺣﺎل ﺑﺮاي ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ‬.(‫دارﺳﻲ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻧﻤﻮد )ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺖ ج‬
‫ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻫﻴﺪروﻟﻴﻜﻲ ﺧﻄﻮط ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﺑﺎﻳﺪ از ﻳﻚ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ راﻳﺎﻧﻪاي‬
13
Jul. 2009 / 1388 ‫ﺗﻴﺮ‬
IPS-E-PI-140(1)
used with due consideration to flow regime and
well characteristics.
.‫ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ رژﻳﻢ ﺟﺮﻳﺎن و ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت ﭼﺎه اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻧﻤﻮد‬
7.4.3.2 Pressure drop in refinery products
pipelines
‫ اﻓﺖ ﻓﺸﺎر در ﺧﻄﻮط ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻت‬2-3-4-7
‫ﭘﺎﻻﻳﺸﮕﺎﻫﻲ‬
‫اﻟﻒ(ﻧﻔﺖ ﮔﺎز و ﻧﻔﺖ ﻛﻮره‬
a) Gas oil and fuel oil
Service pipeline formula (Appendix A) may
be used.
(‫ )ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺖ اﻟﻒ‬Service pipeline formula ‫از ﻓﺮﻣﻮل‬
.‫ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮان اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻧﻤﻮد‬
b) Kerosene, aviation turbine kerosene,
gasoline, jet petroleum naphtha and
condensate
‫ ﺳﻮﺧﺖ‬,‫ ﺑﻨﺰﻳﻦ‬،‫ ﺳﻮﺧﺖ ﻫﻮاﭘﻴﻤﺎ‬،‫ب( ﻧﻔﺖ ﺳﻔﻴﺪ‬
‫ﺟﺖ و ﻣﻴﻌﺎﻧﺎت ﮔﺎزي‬
‫ ﻣﻴﺘﻮان‬Hazen-William ‫ ﻳﺎ‬TR Aude ‫از ﻓﺮﻣﻮﻟﻬﺎي‬
.(‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻧﻤﻮد )ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺖ د‬
The T.R Aude or Hazen-William’s formulas
may be used. (See Appendix D)
:‫ﻳﺎدآوري‬
Note:
Hazen-William’s formula also gives very accurate
result for water pipelines.
‫ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺧﻴﻠﻲ دﻗﻴﻘﻲ ﺑﺮاي ﺧﻄﻮط‬Hazen-William ‫ﻓﺮﻣﻮل‬
.‫ﻟﻮﻟﻪ آب ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﻣﻲ دﻫﺪ‬
7.4.3.3 Pressure drop in NGL pipelines
‫ اﻓﺖ ﻓﺸﺎر در ﺧﻄﻮط ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﮔﺎز ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ‬3-3-4-7
‫ﺷﺪه‬
Pressure drop calculations may be made by using
one of the appropriate methods given for liquid
transmission. Due consideration should be given
to the thermal expansion and contraction of the
liquid due to temperature variations. Also pressure
loss should not create vaporization and hence or
otherwise two-phase flow in the pipeline.
‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎت اﻓﺖ ﻓﺸﺎر ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻳﻜﻲ از روﺷﻬﺎي‬
‫ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ‬.‫ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ داده ﺷﺪه ﺑﺮاي اﻧﺘﻘﺎل ﻣﺎﻳﻌﺎت اﻧﺠﺎم ﮔﻴﺮد‬
‫ﻣﻲﮔﺮدد ﺑﻪ اﻧﺒﺴﺎط و اﻧﻘﺒﺎض ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ از ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮات‬
‫ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ اﻓﺖ ﻓﺸﺎر ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺗﺒﺨﻴﺮ ﺷﻮد‬.‫دﻣﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﮔﺮدد‬
.‫در اﻳﻨﺼﻮرت ﺟﺮﻳﺎن دو ﻓﺎزه در ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد‬
‫ اﻓﺖ ﻓﺸﺎر در ﺧﻄﻮط ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﮔﺎز ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ‬4-3-4-7
7.4.3.4 Pressure drop in natural gas pipelines
‫ و ﻓﺸﺎر‬DN 300 (NPS 12) ‫ﺑﺮاي ﺧﻄﻮط ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻗﻄﺮ ﺗﺎ‬
‫ ﻛﻴﻠﻮ ﭘﺎﺳﻜﺎل ﻣﻴﺘﻮان از ﻓﺮﻣﻮل وﻳﻤﻮث‬450 ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺗﻲ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ از‬
.‫)ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺖ ﻫ( اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻧﻤﻮد‬
‫ و ﻓﺸﺎر‬DN 300 (NPS 12) ‫ﺑﺮاي ﺧﻄﻮط ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻗﻄﺮ ﺗﺎ‬
‫ ﻛﻴﻠﻮ ﭘﺎﺳﻜﺎل ﻣﻴﺘﻮان از ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﻪ ﺗﺠﺪﻳﺪ‬450 ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺗﻲ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ از‬
‫ ﺑﺮاي‬.‫ﻧﻈﺮ ﺷﺪه )ﻳﺎ ب( ﭘﺎن ﻫﻨﺪل )ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺖ و( اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻧﻤﻮد‬
‫ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮان از‬DN 300 (NPS 12) ‫ﺧﻄﻮط ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻗﻄﺮ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ از‬
.‫ )ﺿﻤﻴﻤﻪ ز( اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻧﻤﻮد‬IGT/AGA ‫ﻓﺮﻣﻮل‬
For line sizes up to DN 300 (NPS 12) and
operating pressures below 450 kPa, Weymouth
formula may be used (see Appendix E).
For line sizes up to DN 300 (NPS 12) and
operating pressures above 450 kPa, the Panhandle
revised (or B) equation may be used (see
Appendix F). For pipelines with diameters greater
than DN 300 (NPS 12) the IGT/AGA formula
may be used (see Appendix G).
:‫ﻳﺎدآوريﻫﺎ‬
Notes:
‫( ﺧﻄﻮط ﺟﻤﻊ آوري ﮔﺎز ﺑﻴﻦ ﺟﺪاﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﻫﺎي ﺳﺮﭼﺎﻫﻲ و‬1
1) Gas gathering lines between wellhead
separators and production units or NGL plants
may contain liquids and the effect of twophase flow should be taken into account in
pressure drop calculations. Also the effect of
liquid accumulation at low sections of the
pipelines with provision of liquid knock-out
traps, if necessary and where permitted, should
‫واﺣﺪﻫﺎي ﺑﻬﺮه ﺑﺮداري ﻳﺎ ﻛﺎرﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﮔﺎز ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ‬
‫ﺷﺪه ﻣﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺖ ﺣﺎوي ﻣﺎﻳﻌﺎﺗﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ و ﻟﺬا ﺑﺎﻳﺴﺘﻲ اﺛﺮات‬
‫ﺟﺮﻳﺎن دو ﻓﺎزي در ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎت اﻓﺖ ﻓﺸﺎر در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ‬
‫ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ در ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺴﺘﻲ اﺛﺮات ﺟﻤﻊ ﺷﺪن‬.‫ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
‫ﻣﺎﻳﻌﺎت در ﻧﻘﺎط ﺗﺤﺘﺎﻧﻲ ﺧﻄﻮط ﻟﻮﻟﻪ و در ﺻﻮرت ﻟﺰوم و‬
14
Jul. 2009 / 1388 ‫ﺗﻴﺮ‬
be considered in the design.
IPS-E-PI-140(1)
.‫ﻣﺠﺎز ﺑﻮدن ﺗﻠﻪ ﺟﺪاﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﻣﺎﻳﻊ در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﻮد‬
2) If periodical cleaning of the pipeline from
liquids and other deposits is considered
necessary by running pigs during operation,
due regard should be given to the additional
pressure requirements for pigging.
‫( اﮔﺮ در ﺿﻤﻦ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت ﺗﻤﻴﺰ ﻛﺎري دوره اي ﺧﻄﻮط ﻟﻮﻟﻪ‬2
3) Increased system availability by having the
possibility of line packing should be
considered by excluding sections of decreasing
design pressure in the pipeline.
‫( ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ﺗﺤﻤﻞ ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ‬3
‫از ﻣﺎﻳﻌﺎت ﻳﺎ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ رﺳﻮﺑﺎت ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﺗﻮﭘﻚ ﻻزم ﺑﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺳﺪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻓﺸﺎر اﺿﺎﻓﻲ ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻴﺎز ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻮﭘﻚ راﻧﻲ در ﻧﻈﺮ‬
.‫ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﻮد‬
‫ اﺛﺮات اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﻓﺸﺎر ﻧﺎﺷﻲ از ﺗﺮاﻛﻢ ﮔﺎز در ﺧﻂ‬،‫ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ‬
‫ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺑﺪون در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻃﻌﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺗﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﻓﺸﺎر‬
.‫ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﻣﻲﮔﺮدﻧﺪ ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﻗﺮار ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ‬
‫ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ‬5-7
7.5 Mechanical Design
‫ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺎت ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ‬1-5-7
7.5.1 General considerations
(B ‫ ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد آﺋﻴﻦ ﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻫﺎ )ﺳﻴﺎﻟﻬﺎي دﺳﺘﻪ‬1-1-5-7
7.5.1.1 Application of codes (category B fluids)
Pipelines carrying Category B fluids should be
designed and constructed in accordance with
ASME B 31.4 and the additional requirements of
this Standard.
‫ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد ﺧﻄﻮط ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺣﺎوي ﺳﻴﺎﻻت دﺳﺘﻪ ب ﻃﺒﻖ‬
‫ و اﻟﺰاﻣﺎت اﺿﺎﻓﻲ اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬ASME B 31.4 ‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬
.‫ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ و ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
7.5.1.2 Application of codes (category C and D
fluids)
(D ‫و‬C ‫ ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد ﻗﻮاﻧﻴﻦ )ﺳﻴﺎﻟﻬﺎي دﺳﺘﻪ‬2-1-5-7
Pipelines carrying category C or D fluids should
be designed and constructed in accordance with
ASME B 31.8 and the additional requirements of
this Standard.
‫ ﺑﺎﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﻃﺒﻖ‬D ‫ ﻳﺎ‬C ‫ﺧﻄﻮط ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺣﺎوي ﺳﻴﺎﻻت دﺳﺘﻪ‬
‫ و اﻟﺰاﻣﺎت اﺿﺎﻓﻲ اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬ASME B 31.8 ‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬
.‫ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ و ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
:‫ﻳﺎدآوري‬
Notes:
1) Although LPG and anhydrous ammonia are
covered by ASME B 31.4 but according to this
Standard they fall under category D and
therefore pipelines carrying these products
should be designed to ASME B 31.8.
‫( اﮔﺮ ﭼﻪ درﺑﺎره ﮔﺎز ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﻧﻔﺖ و آﻣﻮﻧﻴﺎك ﺑﺪون آب در‬1
2) Mechanical design for flow lines at the
inhabited areas should be considered 50% of
SMYS.
‫( ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮاي ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﺧﻄﻮط‬2
‫ ﺑﺤﺚ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ اﻣﺎ ﻃﺒﻖ اﻳﻦ‬ASME B 31.4 ‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬
،‫" ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪاﻧﺪ‬D" ‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد آﻧﻬﺎ ﺟﺰء دﺳﺘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪي‬
‫ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﻳﻦ ﺧﻄﻮط ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺣــﺎوي اﻳﻦ ﺳﻴﺎﻻت ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‬
.‫ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬ASME B 31.8 ‫ﻃﺒــﻖ‬
‫ در‬SMYS ‫ در ﺻﺪ ﻣﻘﺪار‬50 ‫ﺟﺮﻳﺎن در ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻣﺴﻜﻮﻧﻲ‬
.‫ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﻮد‬
‫ ﺟﻮﺷﻜﺎري‬3-1-5-7
7.5.1.3 Welding
‫ﺟﻮﺷﻜﺎري ﺧﻄﻮط ﻟﻮﻟﻪ از ﺟﻨﺲ ﻓﻮﻻد ﻛﺮﺑﻨﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻃﺒﻖ‬
.‫ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﻮد‬IPS-C-PI-270 ‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬
Welding of carbon steel pipeline shall comply
with IPS-C-PI-270.
‫ اﻟﺰاﻣﺎت ﺗﻮﭘﻚ راﻧﻲ‬4-1-5-7
7.5.1.4 Pigging requirements
All pipelines shall be designed to have the
capability of passing suitable types of pigs
through them as and when required.
‫ﺗﻤﺎم ﺧﻄﻮط ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺤﻮي ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ در ﺻﻮرت‬
.‫ﻧﻴﺎز اﻧﻮاع ﺗﻮﭘﻚ ﻫﺎي ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ از داﺧﻞ آﻧﻬﺎ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻋﺒﻮر ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
Permanent pigging facilities should be considered
for those pipelines which require frequent pigging
‫ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮد ﺑﺮاي آن ﺧﻄﻮط ﻟﻮﻟﻪ اي ﻛﻪ ﻧﻴﺎز ﻣﻜﺮر ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮﭘﻚ‬
‫راﻧﻲ دارﻧﺪ و ﻳﺎ داراي ﻣﺤﺪودﻳﺘﻬﺎي ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺗﻲ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﺗﺴﻬﻴﻼت‬
15
Jul. 2009 / 1388 ‫ﺗﻴﺮ‬
IPS-E-PI-140(1)
and/or have operational constraints. The distance
between pigging stations should be determined on
the basis of anticipated pig wear and amount of
collected solids which can be pushed through as
well as time required for traveling of pig between
launcher and receiver. Bends should have a
sufficient radius to allow passage of those types of
pigs which are anticipated to pass through them.
The minimum radius of bend shall be 7D.
‫ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮد ﻛﻪ‬.‫ﺗﻮﭘﻚ راﻧﻲ داﺋﻤﻲ در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﻮد‬
‫ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ اﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻫﻬﺎي ﺗﻮﭘﻚ راﻧﻲ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺒﻨﺎي ﭘﻴﺶ ﺑﻴﻨﻲ ﻣﻘﺪار‬
‫ﻓﺮﺳﺎﻳﺶ ﺗﻮﭘﻚ و ﻣﻘﺪار ﻣﻮاد ﺟﺎﻣﺪ ﺟﻤﻊ ﺷﺪه ﻛﻪ ﺗﻮﭘﻚ ﻗﺎدر ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﺣﺮﻛﺖ دادن آﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ و ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﺪت زﻣﺎن ﻻزم ﺟﻬﺖ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ‬
.‫ﺗﻮﭘﻚ ﺑﻴﻦ اﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻫﻬﺎي ارﺳﺎل و درﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﺗﻮﭘﻚ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺷﻮد‬
‫ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد ﻛﻪ ﺷﻌﺎع ﺧﻢ ﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ اﻧﺪازه ﻛﺎﻓﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻋﺒﻮر‬
.‫اﻧﻮاع ﺗﻮﭘﻚ ﭘﻴﺶ ﺑﻴﻨﻲ ﺷﺪه از داﺧﻞ آﻧﻬﺎ اﻣﻜﺎن ﭘﺬﻳﺮ ﺷﻮد‬
.‫ ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﻗﻄﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬7 ‫ﺷﻌﺎع ﺧﻢ ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬
Permanent pig signalers should only be
considered when frequent pigging operations are
anticipated. Flush mounted ancillary equipment,
barred tees and sphere tees with suitable drainage
facilities should be considered where appropriate.
‫ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮد ﻛﻪ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻣﻮاﻗﻌﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت ﺗﻮﭘﻚ راﻧﻲ ﻣﻜﺮر‬
‫ﭘﻴﺶ ﺑﻴﻨﻲ ﻣﻲﺷﻮد ﻋﻼﻣﺖ دﻫﻨﺪهﻫﺎي داﺋﻤﻲ ﺗﻮﭘﻚ در ﻧﻈﺮ‬
‫ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻲ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺷﺪه ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﻫﻢ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺑﺎ‬.‫ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﻮد‬
‫ ﺳﻪ راﻫﻲ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺠﻬﺰ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻴﻠﻪ ﻫﺪاﻳﺖ و ﺳﻪ راﻫﻲﻫﺎي‬،‫ﻟﻮﻟﻪ‬
‫ﮔﻮيﻫﺎي ﺗﻤﻴﺰ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺑﺎ ﺗﺄﺳﻴﺴﺎت ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ در ﻣﺤﻞﻫﺎي‬
.‫ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
Pig launcher and receiver systems for pipelines
shall be designed in accordance with
IPS-M-PI-130.
‫ﺳﻴﺴـﺘﻢ ﻫﺎي ارﺳﺎل و درﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﺗﻮﭘﻚ ﺧﻄــﻮط ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻃﺒﻖ‬
.‫ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬IPS-M-PI-130 ‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬
‫ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎي ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده در ﺧﻄﻮط ﻟﻮﻟﻪ اي ﻛﻪ در داﺧﻞ آﻧﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺗﻮﭘﻚ ﻋﺒﻮر ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ ﻛﺮد ﺑﺎﻳﺪ از ﻧﻮع ﺷﻴﺮ دروازهاي ﻳﺎ ﺗﻮﭘﻲ ﺑﺎ‬
.‫ﻣﺠﺮاي ﻫﻢ اﻧﺪازه ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬
‫ﻧﺼﺐ ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎي دروازهاي ﻳﺎ ﺗﻮﭘﻲ ﻛﻪ داراي ﻣﺠﺮاي ﻫﻢ اﻧﺪازه‬
‫ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻧﻴﺴﺘﻨﺪ در ﻟﻮﻟﻪﻫﺎﺋﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻮﭘﻚ راﻧﻲ ﻧﻤﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ اﻣﻜﺎن ﭘﺬﻳﺮ‬
‫ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﻣﻴﺸﻮد ﻛﻪ در ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻮﭘﻚ راﻧﻲ‬.‫ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ﺧﻮاﻫﻨﺪ ﺷﺪ ﺷﻴﺮ ﻳﻜﻄﺮﻓﻪ ﻧﺼﺐ ﻧﺸﻮد ﻣﮕﺮ آﻧﻜﻪ داراي ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ‬
.‫ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺮاي ﻋﺒﻮر ﺗﻮﭘﻚ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬
Valves to be used in the pipeline which will be
pigged shall be full bore through-conduit gate
valve or full bore ball valves.
Reduced bore wedge gate or ball valves may be
used in piping which is not to be pigged. Check
valves should not normally be installed in
pipelines which will be pigged unless they have
special design to make them capable of passing
pigs.
‫ آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ اﻳﺴﺘﺎﺋﻲ ﺑﺎ آب‬5-1-5-7
7.5.1.5 Hydrostatic testing
‫ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ و ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻛﺸﻲ واﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ آن ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻃﺒﻖ‬
.‫ آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ اﻳﺴﺘﺎﺋﻲ ﺑﺎ آب ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬IPS-C-PI-370 ‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬
The pipeline and associated piping system to be
hydrostatically tested in accordance with
IPS-C-PI-370.
‫ ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎي ﻣﺴﺪود ﻛﻨﻨﺪه‬6-1-5-7.
7.5.1.6 Block valves
‫ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد ﻛﻪ در دو اﻧﺘﻬﺎي ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ و روي ﻛﻠﻴﻪ‬
‫اﺗﺼﺎﻻت و اﻧﺸﻌﺎﺑﺎت ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ آن و ﻫﺮ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ اي ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ دﻻﻳﻞ‬
‫اﻳﻤﻨﻲ و ﻳﺎ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮات و ﻧﮕﻬﺪاري ﻻزم ﺑﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﻲرﺳﺪ ﺷﻴﺮ‬
‫ﻣﺴﺪود ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﻧﺼﺐ ﮔﺮدد ﺗﺎ ﺑﺪﻳﻦ وﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﻗﺴﻤﺘﻬﺎي ﻛﻮﭼﻜﺘﺮي ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﺷﺪه و در ﺻﻮرت ﺑﺮوز ﻧﺸﺘﻲ و ﻳﺎ‬
‫ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺪن ﺧﻂ از ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ ﺷﺪن ﻛﻞ ﻣﺤﺘﻮاي ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮي‬
.‫ﺑﻌﻤﻞ آﻳﺪ‬
‫در ﺻﻮرت ﺑﺮوز ﻧﺸﺘﻲ و ﻳﺎ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺪن ﻟﻮﻟﻪ و ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪت‬
‫زﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮاي ردﻳﺎﺑﻲ و ﭘﻴﺪا ﻧﻤﻮدن ﻣﺤﻞ ﻧﺸﺘﻲ و ﻣﺠﺰا ﻛﺮدن‬
‫آن ﺻﺮف ﻣﻴﺸﻮد ﺑﺎﻳﺪ روش ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﻲ ﺑﺮاي ﻋﻤﻞ ﻧﻤﻮدن ﺷﻴﺮ‬
Block valves should be provided at each end of all
pipelines, at all connections and branches of the
pipeline and where necessary for safety and
maintenance reasons to isolate long pipelines into
sections as to limit the release of line content in
case of leaks or line raptures.
The appropriate method of operating block valves
(i.e. locally, or automatically) shall be determined
from the likely effects of a leak or line rupture and
its acceptable released volume based on the total
16
Jul. 2009 / 1388 ‫ﺗﻴﺮ‬
time in which a leak can be detected, located and
isolated.
IPS-E-PI-140(1)
‫ﻣﺴﺪود ﻛﻨﻨﺪه )در ﻣﺤﻞ ﻳﺎ ﺑﻄﻮر ﺧﻮدﻛﺎر( ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻧﻤﻮد ﺗﺎ ﻣﻘﺪار‬
.‫ﺣﺠﻢ ﺳﻴﺎل آزاد ﺷﺪه ﺑﻪ ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﺑﺮﺳﺪ‬
Automatic valves can be activated by detection of
low pressure, increased flow, rate of loss of
pressure or a combination of these, or a signal
from a leak detection system. Automatic valves
shall be fail-safe. The closure time of the valves
shall not cause unacceptably high surge pressures.
The emergency shutdown valves shall be
automatically actuated when an emergency
shutdown condition occurs at the plant or facility.
‫ ازدﻳﺎد‬،‫ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎي ﺧﻮدﻛﺎر ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮاﻧﻨﺪ در ﺻﻮرت ﺑﺮوز ﻓﺸﺎر ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ‬
‫ ﻣﻴﺰان از اﻓﺖ ﻓﺸﺎر و ﻳﺎ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﻲ از اﻳﻦ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ و ﻳﺎ‬،‫ﺟﺮﻳﺎن‬
.‫ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻋﻼﺋﻢ ارﺳﺎﻟﻲ از ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ردﻳﺎب ﻧﺸﺘﻲ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‬
‫ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎي ﺧﻮدﻛﺎر ﺑﺎﻳﺪ در ﻫﻨﮕﺎم ﺑﺮوز ﺣﻮادث ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ اﻳﻤﻨﻲ‬
‫ زﻣﺎن ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺷﺪن ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎ ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ اﻳﺠﺎد‬.‫ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﮔﺮدﻧﺪ‬
‫ در ﺻﻮرت‬.‫ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮات ﻧﺎﮔﻬﺎﻧﻲ ﻓﺸﺎر ﺑﺎﻻ و ﻏﻴﺮ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻗﺒﻮل ﺷﻮد‬
‫ﺑﺮوز ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﺗﻮﻗﻒ اﺿﻄﺮاري در ﺗﺄﺳﻴﺴﺎت ﻳﺎ ﻛﺎرﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ‬
.‫ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎي اﺿﻄﺮاري ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺼﻮرت ﺧﻮدﻛﺎر ﻋﻤﻞ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ‬
‫ ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎي اﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎن ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ‬7-1-5-7
7.5.1.7 Thermal relief valves
‫ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮد ﺑﺮاي ﻫﺮ ﻗﺴﻤﺘﻲ از ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﭘﺮ ﺷﺪه‬
‫اﺳﺖ )از ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﺗﻠﻪ ﺗﻮﭘﻚ( و ﺑﺘﻮاﻧﺪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻳﻚ ﺷﻴﺮ ﻳﺎ ﻗﺮار‬
‫ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﺑﻴﻦ دو ﺷﻴﺮ ﻣﺠﺰا ﺷﻮد از ﺷﻴﺮ اﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎن ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ‬
.‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﻮد‬
Thermal relief valves should be considered for
each section of liquid filled pipeline (including
pig traps) that could be isolated by or between
valves.
‫ ﻫﻮاﮔﻴﺮي و ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ‬8-1-5-7
7.5.1.8 Vents and drains
‫ راه اﻧﺪازي و‬،‫ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر اﻧﺠﺎم رﺿﺎﻳﺖ ﺑﺨﺶ آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻓﺸﺎر‬
.‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت ﺑﺎﻳﺪ اﺗﺼﺎﻻت ﻫﻮاﮔﻴﺮي و ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ ﭘﻴﺶ ﺑﻴﻨﻲ ﮔﺮدد‬
Vent and drain connections shall be provided for
satisfactory testing, commissioning and operation.
‫ ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎ و ﻓﻠﻨﺞ ﻫﺎ‬9-1-5-7
7.5.1.9 Valves and flanges
‫ﺑﺎ در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔـﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﻣﺤﺪودﻳﺘﻬﺎي ﻓﺸﺎر و دﻣﺎ در اﺳﺘــﺎﻧﺪاردﻫﺎي‬
‫ رده ﻓﺸﺎري ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺮاي‬، ASME B 31.4 ‫ و‬B 31.8
.‫ و ﻓﺸﺎر آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬MAIP
‫ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد ﻛﻪ ﺗﻌﺪاد ﻓﻠﻨﺞ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪه در ﺧﻄﻮط ﻟﻮﻟﻪ و‬
‫ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻛﺸﻲ ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ و ﻓﻘﻂ ﺑﺮاي ﺗﺴﻬﻴﻞ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮات و‬
‫ﻧﮕﻬﺪاري و ﻳﺎ ﺑﺎزرﺳﻲ و ﻳﺎ ﻫﺮ ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻴﺘﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﻧﺼﺐ ﻳﺎ‬
ٌ‫ ﺗﺮﺟﻴﺤﺎ‬.‫اﻟﺰاﻣﺎت ﻓﺮاﻳﻨﺪي ﺗﻌﻴﻦ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ ﻓﻠﻨﺞ ﻧﺼﺐ ﮔﺮدد‬
.‫اﺗﺼﺎﻻت ﻧﻬﺎﺋﻲ ﺟﻮﺷﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬
The rating of valves should be adequate for MAIP
and test pressures of the pipeline subject to ASME
B 31.4 and B 31.8 pressure and temperature
limitations.
The number of flanges in the pipeline and piping
systems should be kept to a minimum and should
be installed only to facilitate maintenance and
inspection and where construction conditions or
process requirements dictate. Tie-in welds are
preferred.
‫ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ دوﮔﺎﻧﻪ اﻧﺴﺪاد و ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ‬10-1-5-7
7.5.1.10 Double block and bleed system
Double block and bleed system should be used in
the situations where isolation of the main stream
from the ancillary equipment is needed for safe
operation and maintenance without depressurizing
the pipeline.
‫ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت اﻳﻤﻦ و ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮ و‬
‫ﻧﮕﻬﺪاري ﺧﻄﻮط ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺑﺪون اﻧﺪاﺧﺘﻦ ﻓﺸﺎر در ﻣﺤﻞ ﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ‬
‫ﻧﻴﺎز ﺑﻪ ﻣﺠﺰا ﻧﻤﻮدن ﺟﺮﻳﺎن اﺻﻠﻲ از ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ از‬
.‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ دوﮔﺎﻧﻪ اﻧﺴﺪاد و ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﻮد‬
7.5.1.11 Emergency depressurization facilities
‫ ﺗﺴﻬﻴﻼت ﺟﻬﺖ اﻧﺪاﺧﺘﻦ ﻓﺸﺎر در ﻣﻮاﻗﻊ‬11-1-5-7
‫اﺿﻄﺮاري‬
‫ﺗﺴﻬﻴﻼت ﺟﻬﺖ اﻧﺪاﺧﺘﻦ ﻓﺸﺎر در ﻣﻮاﻗﻊ اﺿﻄﺮاري ﺑﺎﻳﺪ در ﻳﻚ‬
‫" و‬C" ‫ﻃﺮف ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﻮد و ﺑﺮاي ﺳﻴﺎﻻت دﺳﺘﻪ‬
.‫" در ﻫﺮ ﻗﺴﻤﺘﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺷﻴﺮ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺑﻨﺪي ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ‬D"
‫ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد ﺟﻨﺲ ﻣﻮاد ﺗﺨﺼﻴﺺ داده ﺷﺪه ﺑﺮاي ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ‬
‫ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ ﺑﺮاي درﺟﻪ ﺣﺮارت ﻫﺎي ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﻛﻪ در ﺿﻤﻦ ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ‬
Emergency depressurization facilities shall be
considered at one end of all pipelines and for
category C and D fluids, at each sectionalizing
valve location. The material specified for the
blowdown system should be suitable for low
temperatures encountered during blowdown of
17
Jul. 2009 / 1388 ‫ﺗﻴﺮ‬
IPS-E-PI-140(1)
category C and D fluids. The capacity of the
blowdown system should be such that the pipeline
can be depressurized as rapidly as practicable.
Due regards should be given to the control of
excessive movements and vibration of the system
due to forces created by sudden blowdown.
‫" ﺑﺎ آن ﻣﻮاﺟﻪ ﺧﻮاﻫﻴﻢ ﺑﻮد ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ‬D" ‫" و‬C" ‫ﺳﻴﺎﻻت دﺳﺘﻪ‬
‫ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ ﭼﻨﺎن ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ‬.‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ ﺟﻬﺖ ﻛﻨﺘﺮل‬.‫ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺑﺘﻮاﻧﺪ ﺑﺎ ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ زﻣﺎن ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ ﮔﺮدد‬
‫ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎ ﺷﺪن ﺑﻴﺶ از ﺣﺪ و ﻟﺮزش ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺑﻌﻠﺖ ﻧﻴﺮوي ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ‬
.‫ﺷﺪه در ﺿﻤﻦ ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ ﻧﺎﮔﻬﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺎت ﻣﻘﺘﻀﻲ ﺑﻌﻤﻞ آﻳﺪ‬
7.5.1.12 Overpressure protection system
‫ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻣﺤﺎﻓﻈﺘﻲ در ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﻓﺸﺎر ﺑﻴﺶ از‬12-1-5-7
‫ﺣﺪ‬
Any type of pressure control system shall not be
considered as an overpressure protection system.
An overpressure protection system (consisting of
mechanical safety/relief valves) shall be fitted
between the pipeline and the upstream facilities
which can generate pressures in excess of MAIP
of the pipeline. MAOP shall not be exceeded at
any point along the pipeline during normal
continuous operations and MAIP shall not be
exceeded at any point along the pipeline during
upset conditions of limited frequency and
duration.
‫ﻫﺮ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻟﻲ ﻓﺸﺎر را ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻣﺤﺎﻓﻈﺘﻲ‬
‫ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻣﺤﺎﻓﻈﺘﻲ‬.‫در ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﻓﺸﺎر ﺑﻴﺶ از ﺣﺪ در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ‬
‫ اﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎن‬/‫در ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﻓﺸﺎر ﺑﻴﺶ از ﺣﺪ )ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎي اﻳﻤﻨﻲ‬
‫ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ( ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ و ﺗﺄﺳﻴﺴﺎت ﺑﺎﻻ دﺳﺘﻲ ﻛﻪ‬
‫ ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺑﻨﻤﺎﻳﺪ ﻧﺼﺐ‬MAIP ‫ﻣﻲﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻓﺸﺎري ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ از‬
‫ در ﻫﺮ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ از ﻃﻮل ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺿﻤﻦ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت ﻣﺪاوم و‬.‫ﮔﺮدد‬
‫ ﺗﺠﺎوز ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ و در ﻫﺮ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ از ﺧﻂ‬MAOP ‫ﻧﺮﻣﺎل ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ ﻓﺸﺎر از‬
‫ﻟﻮﻟﻪ در ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ آﺷﻔﺘﮕﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮاﺗﺮ و ﻣﺪت ﻣﺤﺪود ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ ﻓﺸﺎر از‬
.‫ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺷﻮد‬MAIP
‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻃﻮري ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺷﻮد ﻛﻪ ﻓﺸﺎر ﺣﺎﺻﻞ از‬
‫ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻓﺸﺎر ﻧﺎﮔﻬﺎﻧﻲ ﻧﺘﻮاﻧﺪ در ﻫﻴﭻ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ در ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ از‬
‫ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺷﻮد و اﮔﺮ ﺑﺮاي ﻣﺤﺎﻓﻈﺖ ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ از ﺗﺄﺳﻴﺴﺎت‬MAIP
‫ﺑﺎﻻ دﺳﺘﻲ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺘﻲ در ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﻓﺸﺎر ﺑﻴﺶ از ﺣﺪ ﻧﺼﺐ‬
.‫ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎﺷﺪ اﻳﻦ ﻓﺸﺎر ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ راه اﻧﺪازي اﻳﻦ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺷﻮد‬
The pipeline system shall be designed such that
surge pressure cannot exceed MAIP at any point
along the pipeline and will not trigger the overpressure protection system if fitted for protection
from upstream facilities.
‫ﺑﺮاي ﺳﻴﺎﻻت ﺑﺎ ﺟﺮم ﻣﺨﺼﻮص ﺑﺎﻻ و ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ﻓﺸﺮدﮔﻲ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ‬
‫)ﻣﺜﻞ ﺳﻴﺎﻻت ﻣﺎﻳﻊ( ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد ﺑﺎ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻓﺸﺎر ﮔﺬرا و ﺑﺎ‬
‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻛﺎﻣﭙﻴﻮﺗﺮي ﺗﺨﺼﻴﺼﻲ ﺷﺒﻴﻪ ﺳﺎزي وﻗﻮع‬
‫ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد ﻧﻘﺎط داراي‬.‫ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻓﺸﺎر ﻧﺎﮔﻬﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﮔﺮدد‬
‫ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻓﺸﺎر در ﻃﻮل ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺻﺎٌ در ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺗﭙﻪ‬
.‫ﻣﺎﻫﻮري ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
The occurrence of pressure surges should be
determined for fluids with high density and low
compressibility (such as liquid fluids) by transient
pressure analysis, using a specialized simulation
computer program. The location of the highest
pressure points along the pipeline should be
recognized specially in hilly terrain.
Unacceptably high surge pressures shall be
prevented by one or a combination of the
following methods:
: ‫ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻫﺮ ﻳﻚ و ﻳﺎ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﻲ از روﺷﻬﺎي زﻳﺮ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ از ﺑﺮوز‬
.‫ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻓﺸﺎر ﻧﺎﮔﻬﺎﻧﻲ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻗﺒﻮل ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮي ﻧﻤﻮد‬
.‫ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺷﺪن ﺷﻴﺮ‬
‫واﻛﻨﺶ ﺳﺮﻳﻊ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻣﺨﺼﻮص آزاد ﺳﺎزي ﻓﺸﺎر‬
.‫ﻧﺰدﻳﻚ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺷﺮوع ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻧﺎﮔﻬﺎﻧﻲ ﻓﺸﺎر‬
‫ﺗﺒﻌﻴﺖ اﻛﻴﺪ از روﺷﻬﺎي ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺤﻮ ﺷﺎﻳﺴﺘﻪ‬
‫ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ )ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺻﺎً در ﺣﺎﻻﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ روﺷﻬﺎ‬
.(‫ﻛﺎﻓﻲ ﻧﻴﺴﺘﻨﺪ‬
- Valve closure speed reduction.
- Special fast-response pressure relief systems
close to the point of surge initiation.
- Strict adherence to well formulated operating
procedures (especially when other methods
are insufficient).
‫ ﭘﺎﻳﺪاري ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ‬13-1-5-7
7.5.1.13 Pipeline stability
‫ آﺑﻬﺎي‬،‫ ﺳﻴﻞ ﮔﻴﺮ‬،‫ﻗﺴﻤﺘﻬﺎﻳﻲ از ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻛﻪ از ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺑﺎﺗﻼﻗﻲ‬
‫ ﺗﻘﺎﻃﻊ رودﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ و ﻧﻈﺎﻳﺮ‬، ‫زﻳﺮزﻣﻴﻨﻲ ﻧﺰدﻳﻚ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻄﺢ زﻣﻴﻦ‬
Sections of the pipelines in swamps, floodable
areas, high water table areas, river crossings, etc.
18
Jul. 2009 / 1388 ‫ﺗﻴﺮ‬
shall be stable under the combined action of
hydrostatic and hydrodynamic forces. The
negative buoyancy should be sufficient to prevent
unacceptable lateral and vertical movements and
displacement of the pipeline. One or a
combination of the following methods can be
employed to achieve on-bottom stability:
IPS-E-PI-140(1)
‫ دﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜﻲ آب‬،‫آن ﻣﻲ ﮔﺬرﻧﺪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ در ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﻧﻴﺮوﻫﺎي اﺳﺘﺎﺗﻴﻜﻲ‬
‫ ﺷﻨﺎوري ﻣﻨﻔﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺪي ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬.‫ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﭘﺎﻳﺪار داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬
‫ﻛﻪ از ﺣﺮﻛﺎت ﻏﻴﺮ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻗﺒﻮل ﻋﺮﺿﻲ و ﻋﻤﻮدي و از ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎ ﺷﺪن‬
‫ ﻳﻜﻲ از روش ﻫﺎي زﻳﺮ ﻳﺎ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﻲ از‬.‫ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮي ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‬
:‫آﻧﻬﺎ را ﻣﻴﺘﻮان ﺟﻬﺖ ﭘﺎﻳﺪاري زﻳﺮ و روي ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎر ﺑﺮد‬
.‫ اﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﻧﻤﻮدن ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﺟﺪاره ﻟﻮﻟﻪ‬.‫ اﻋﻤﺎل ﭘﻮﺷﺶ وزﻧﻪ اي ﺑﺘﻨﻲ‬‫ ﻧﺼﺐ وزﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻣﻬﺎر ﻛﻨﻨﺪه در ﻓﻮاﺻﻞ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت‬.‫زﻳﻨﻲ ﻳﺎ ﭘﻴﭽﻲ‬
.‫ دﻓﻦ ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ‬-
- Increasing the pipe wall thickness.
- Applying concrete weight coating.
- Installing spaced anchor points set-on
weights or bolt-on weights.
- Burying the pipeline.
‫ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ در ﻣﻮاﻗﻊ ﭘﺮ و ﺧﺎﻟﻲ ﺷﺪن از آب )ﺑﺮاي آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ‬
‫ﻓﺸﺎر( ﻳﺎ ﺳﻴﺎﻟﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮاي اﻧﺘﻘﺎل آن ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ‬
‫ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ در ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﺷﻨﺎوري‬.‫ﭘﺎﻳﺪار داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﺟﺮم ﻣﺨﺼﻮص ﮔﻞ و ﻻي درون ﻛﺎﻧﺎل در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ‬
.‫ﺷﻮد‬
‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺧﺎﺻﻲ ﺑﻪ اﻣﻜﺎن ﻧﺸﺴﺖ ﻧﺎﻣﻮزون ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ در‬
‫زﻣﻴﻨﻬﺎي ﺳﺴﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺻﺪﻣﻪ زﻧﺪ ﻣﺒﺬول‬
.‫ﮔﺮدد‬
The pipeline shall be stable while empty or filled
with water (for test) or with fluid for which it is
designed. When calculating the negative
buoyancy the density of water-logged backfill
mud shall be taken into account.
Special consideration shall be given to possible
differential settlements in weak soils which may
cause damage to the pipeline.
‫ ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﺟﺪاره ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ‬2-5-7
7.5.2 Pipeline wall thickness calculating basis
‫ ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﺟﺪاره‬1-2-5-7
7.5.2.1 Minimum wall thickness
‫ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ ﺑﻮده و‬4/8 ‫ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ اﺳﻤﻲ ﺟﺪاره ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ از‬
ASME B ‫" ﻃﺒﻖ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬B" ‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺮاي ﺳﺮوﻳﺲ دﺳﺘﻪ‬
‫" ﻃﺒﻖ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬D" ‫" و‬C" ‫ و ﺑﺮاي ﺳﺮوﻳﺲ دﺳﺘﻪ‬31.4
.‫ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﮔﺮدد‬ASME B 31.8
96 ‫در ﻣﻮاردي ﻛﻪ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﻗﻄﺮ اﺳﻤﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﺟﺪاره ﻟﻮﻟﻪ از‬
‫ﺗﺠﺎوز ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺧﺎﺻﻲ ﺑﻪ اﻟﺰاﻣﺎت اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪاردﻫﺎي ذﻛﺮ‬
.‫ﺷﺪه در ﺑﺎﻻ ﺑﺮاي ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻤﻞ آﻳﺪ‬
The nominal pipe wall thickness shall not be less
than 4.8 mm and shall be calculated according to
ASME B 31.4 for category B service and ASME
B 31.8 for categories C and D services.
Special attention shall be paid to the requirements
given in the above mentioned standards for the
least wall thickness of the pipe when the ratio of
pipe nominal diameter to wall thickness exceeds
96.
stress
(‫ ﺿﺮاﻳﺐ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ )ﺑﺮاي ﺣﺪ ﺗﻨﺶ ﺣﻠﻘﻮي‬2-2-5-7
The recommended design factors for the
calculation of the nominal wall thickness
(excluding any corrosion allowance) are given in
the following table, derived from ASME B 31.8
Table 841.114 B but expanded.
‫ﺿﺮاﻳﺐ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﺷﺪه ﺑﺮاي ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﺟﺪاره‬
(‫اﺳﻤﻲ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ )ﺑﺪون در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﻣﻴﺰان ﻣﺠﺎز ﺑﺮاي ﺧﻮردﮔﻲ‬
‫ از اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬841.114 B ‫در ﺟﺪول زﻳﺮ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺴﻂ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﺟﺪول‬
.‫ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ داده ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ‬ASME B 31.8
7.5.2.2 Design
limitation)
factors
(for
hoop
19
Jul. 2009 / 1388 ‫ﺗﻴﺮ‬
IPS-E-PI-140(1)
TABLE 2 - DESIGN FACTORS FOR ONSHORE STEEL PIPELINES
‫ ﺿﺮاﻳﺐ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺑﺮاي ﺧﻄﻮط ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻓﻮﻻدي در ﺧﺸﻜﻲ‬-2 ‫ﺟﺪول‬
FLUID CATEGORY
B
‫دﺳﺘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪي ﺳﻴﺎل‬
15
APPLICABLE ASME CODE
‫ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد‬ASME ‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪاردﻫﺎي‬
Location classes
‫ﻛﻼس ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻴﺖ ﻫﺎ‬
Pipelines
‫ﺧﻄﻮط ﻟﻮﻟﻪ‬
B 31.4
(Note 1)
C AND D
B 31.8
1, 2, 3 and 4
1
2
3
4
0.72
0.72
0.60
0.50
0.40
0.72
0.60
0.50
0.40
0.60
0.60
0.50
0.40
0.60
0.60
0.50
0.40
0.50
0.40
0.60
0.50
0.40
0.60
0.50
0.60
0.50
Crossings (Note 2)
(2 ‫ﺗﻘﺎﻃﻊ ﻫﺎ )ﻳﺎدآوري‬
0.72
‫ﺟﺎده ﻫﺎي ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻲ‬
0.60
Private roads
Unimproved public roads
‫ﺟﺎده ﻫﺎي ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ اﺻﻼح ﻧﺸﺪه‬
Roads, highways, streets and railways
0.60
0.60
0.60
0.72
0.72
0.72
0.60
0.60
‫ ﺧﻴﺎﺑﺎﻧﻬﺎ و راه آﻫﻦ‬،‫ ﺑﺰرﮔﺮاﻫﻬﺎ‬،‫ﺟﺎده ﻫﺎ‬
Rivers, dunes and beaches
‫ ﺗﭙﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺷﻨﻲ و ﺳﻮاﺣﻞ‬،‫رودﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ‬
Parallel encroachments (Note 3)
‫ﺗﺠﺎوز ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺮﻳﻢ ﺑﺼﻮرت ﻣﻮازي‬
(3 ‫)ﻳﺎدآوري‬
Private roads
‫ﺟﺎده ﻫﺎي ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻲ‬
Unimproved public roads
‫ﺟﺎده ﻫﺎي ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ اﺻﻼح ﻧﺸﺪه‬
Roads, highways, streets and railways
0.40
0.72
0.60
0.60
0.60
0.60
0.50
0.40
0.60
0.60
0.60
0.50
0.40
0.72
0.50
(Note 5)
0.50
(Note 5)
0.50
0.40
0.60
0.60
0.60
0.50
0.40
-----
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.40
0.40
‫ ﺧﻴﺎﺑﺎﻧﻬﺎ و راه آﻫﻦ‬،‫ ﺑﺰرﮔﺮاﻫﻬﺎ‬،‫ﺟﺎده ﻫﺎ‬
Fabricated assemblies (Note 4)
(4‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﻫﺎي ﭘﻴﺶ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ )ﻳﺎدآوري‬
Pipelines on bridges
‫ﺧﻄﻮط ﻟﻮﻟﻪ روي ﭘﻠﻬﺎ‬
Near concentration of people
‫ﻧﺰدﻳﻚ ﻣﺤﻞ ﻫﺎي ﭘﺮ ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ‬
Pipelines, block valve stations and pig
trap stations (Note 6)
‫ اﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻫﻬﺎي ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎي ﻣﺴﺪود‬،‫ﺧﻄﻮط ﻟﻮﻟﻪ‬
(6 ‫ﻛﻨﻨﺪه و اﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻫـﻬﺎي ﺗﻠﻪ ﺗﻮﭘــﻚ )ﻳﺎدآوري‬
Compressor station piping
‫ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻛﺸﻲ اﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻫﻬﺎي ﺗﻘﻮﻳﺖ ﻓﺸﺎر‬
:‫ﻳﺎدآوريﻫﺎ‬
‫ از ﺿﺮاﻳﺐ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ‬ASME B 31.4 ‫( ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬1
‫ ﻛﻪ در ﻧﻘﺎط‬،‫ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻧﻤﻲ ﺷﻮد‬0/72 ‫دﻳﮕﺮي ﻏﻴﺮ از‬
‫ در داﺧﻞ ﻣﺤﺪوده‬،‫ﺑﺤﺮاﻧﻲ )ﺑﺮاي ﻣﺜﺎل در ﺗﻘﺎﻃﻊ ﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻛﺎرﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ( و ﺑﺮاي ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﻫﺎي ﭘﻴﺶ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه‬
‫ در اﻳﻦ ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻴﺖ ﻫﺎ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ‬.‫ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻧﻤﻲ رﺳﺪ‬
1 ‫ﻣﻲﮔﺮدد ﻛﻪ از ﺿﺮاﻳﺐ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ ﻛﻼس ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻴﺖ‬
.‫ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﻮد‬ASME B 31.8 ‫ﻃﺒﻖ‬
‫ ﺗﻘﺎﻃﻊ ﻫﺎي ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬ASME B 31.8 ‫( در اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬2
Notes:
1) ASME B 31.4 does not use design factors
other than 0.72, which is considered
inappropriate at critical locations (e.g.
crossings, within plant fences), and for
fabricated assemblies. In these situations,
design factors in line with ASME B 31.8
location Class 1 are recommended.
2) ASME B 31.8 differentiates crossings with
casings and without casings. Because of the
poor experience of cased crossings (i.e. annular
corrosion), the same design factor is
‫ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ‬.‫از ﻏﻼف و ﺑﺪون ﻏﻼف ﻣﺘﻤﺎﻳﺰ از ﻫﻢ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬
‫ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻪ ﻧﺎﻣﻄﻠﻮب ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد ﻏﻼف در ﺗﻘﺎﻃﻊ ﻫﺎ )ﺑﻪ ﻋﺒﺎرت دﻳﮕﺮ‬
20
Jul. 2009 / 1388 ‫ﺗﻴﺮ‬
IPS-E-PI-140(1)
recommended, whether a casing is used or not.
Design factors for crossings of rivers, dunes
and beaches, not included in ASME B 31.8,
are provided.
‫ﺧﻮردﮔﻲ ﺣﻠﻘﻮي( اﻋﻤﺎل ﺿﺮاﻳﺐ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﻳﻜﺴﺎن ﺑﺮاي‬
‫ ﺿﺮاﻳﺐ‬.‫ﺗﻘﺎﻃﻊ ﻫﺎي ﺑﺎ ﻏﻼف و ﺑﺪون ﻏﻼف ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد‬
‫ ﺗﭙﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺷﻨﻲ و ﺳﻮاﺣﻞ‬،‫ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻘﺎﻃﻊ ﺑﺎ رودﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ‬
‫ وﺟﻮد ﻧﺪارﻧﺪ در اﻳﻦ ﺟﺪول ذﻛﺮ‬ASME B 31.8 ‫ﻛﻪ در‬
.‫ﮔﺮدﻳﺪه اﺳﺖ‬
3) Parallel encroachments are defined as those
sections of a pipeline running parallel to
existing roads or railways, at a distance less
than 50 meters.
‫( ﺗﺠﺎوز ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺮﻳﻢ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﻣﻮازي آن‬3
4) Fabricated assemblies include pig traps,
valve stations, headers, finger type slug
catchers, etc.
،‫( ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﻫﺎي ﭘﻴﺶ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﻠﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺗﻮﭘﻚ‬4
‫ﻗﺴﻤﺘﻬﺎﻳﻲ از ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﮔﻔﺘﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد ﻛﻪ در ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ اي‬
‫ ﻣﺘﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮازات ﺟﺎده ﻫﺎ ﻳﺎ رﻳﻞ ﻫﺎي راه آﻫﻦ‬50 ‫ﻛﻤﺘﺮ از‬
.‫ﻣﻮﺟﻮد ﻛﺸﻴﺪه ﺷﺪه اﻧﺪ‬
‫ ﻟﺠﻦ ﮔﻴﺮ ﻫﺎي ﻧﻮع‬،‫ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎي اﺻﻠﻲ‬،‫اﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻫﻬﺎي ﺷﻴﺮ‬
.‫اﻧﮕﺸﺘﻲ و ﻧﻈﺎﻳﺮ آن ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬
5) Concentrations of people are defined in
ASME B 31.8 Article 840.3.
‫ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬840.3 ‫( ﻣﺤﻞ ﺗﻤﺮﻛﺰ ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ در ﺑﻨﺪ‬5
6) This category, not specifically covered in
ASME B 31.8, is added for increased safety.
‫ ﺑﻪ اﻳﻦ دﺳﺘﻪ اﺷﺎره اي‬ASME B 31.8 ‫( در اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬6
.‫ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﮔﺮدﻳﺪه اﺳﺖ‬ASME B 31.8
.‫ﻧﺸﺪه اﺳﺖ و ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺎﻻ ﺑﺮدن اﻳﻤﻨﻲ اﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ‬
7.5.2.3 Strain based design for hot products
pipelines
‫ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺒﻨﺎي ﻛﺮﻧﺶ ﺑﺮاي ﺧﻄﻮط ﻟﻮﻟﻪ‬3-2-5-7
For hot products pipelines (above 80°C) strain
based approach may be used. In this case a
maximum permanent deformation strain of 2% is
acceptable.
‫ درﺟﻪ‬80 ‫ﺑﺮاي ﺧﻄﻮط ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻓﺮآورده ﻫﺎي ﺑﺎ دﻣﺎي ﺑﺎﻻ )ﺑﺎﻻي‬
‫ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮاد( ﻣﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺖ از ﺷﻴﻮه اي ﺑﺮ ﻣﺒﻨﺎي ﻛﺮﻧﺶ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬
‫ در اﻳﻦ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ ﻛﺮﻧﺶ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺷﻜﻞ داﺋﻤﻲ دو درﺻﺪ‬.‫ﺷﻮد‬
.‫ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻗﺒﻮل اﺳﺖ‬
‫ﺣﺎوي ﻓﺮآورده ﻫﺎي ﺑﺎ دﻣﺎي ﺑﺎﻻ‬
‫ ﺿﺮاﻳﺐ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺣﺪ ﺗﻨﺶ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ از دﻣﺎ‬4-2-5-7
7.5.2.4 Temperature derating factors
‫ﺿﺮاﻳﺐ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺣﺪ ﺗﻨﺶ ﺑﺮاي ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻓﻮﻻدي در دﻣﺎي‬
‫ درﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮاد ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد ﻃﺒﻖ‬120 ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺗﻲ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ از‬
‫ ﻣﻮرد‬ASME B 31.8 ‫ از اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬841.116 A ‫ﺟﺪول‬
‫ ﺑﺮاي ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎي از ﺟﻨﺲ ﻓﻮﻻد ﺿﺪ زﻧﮓ‬.‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻗﺮار ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ‬
50 ‫دوﺑﻠﻜﺲ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺣﺪ ﺗﻨﺶ در دﻣﺎﻫﺎي ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﺗﺮي )ﺑﺎﻻي‬
.‫درﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮاد( ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻴﺎز اﺳﺖ‬
Derating factors for carbon steel materials
operating at above 120°C should be used in
accordance with Table 841.116A of ASME B
31.8. For duplex stainless steel, derating is
required at lower temperatures (above 50°C).
‫ ﺧﻄﺮ ﭘﺬﻳﺮي ﺧﻄﻮط ﻟﻮﻟﻪ‬6-7
7.6 Pipeline Risks
‫ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ‬1-6-7
7.6.1 General
‫ ﺻﺪﻣﻪ ﺑﻪ‬،‫ ﻧﻈﻴﺮ اﻳﻤﻨﻲ اﻓﺮاد‬،‫ﺧﻄﺮ ﭘﺬﻳﺮي واﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ‬
‫ﻣﺤﻴﻂ زﻳﺴﺖ و از دﺳﺖ دادن درآﻣﺪ ﻣﻨﻮط ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮاﺗﺮ ﺧﺮاﺑﻲﻫﺎي‬
‫ﻣﻮرد اﻧﺘﻈﺎر ﺧﻂ و ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ از آن اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻤﺎً ﺑﻪ ﻧﻮع‬
‫ﺳﻴﺎﻟﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻨﺘﻘﻞ ﻣﻴﺸﻮد و ﺣﺴﺎﺳﻴﺖ ﻣﺤﻞ ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ارﺗﺒﺎط‬
‫ در اﻳﻦ زﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﺧﺮاﺑﻲ ﻫﺎي ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺑﻪ از دﺳﺖ دادن‬.‫دارد‬
.‫ﺳﻴﺎل ﺗﻌﺒﻴﺮ ﻣﻴﮕﺮدد‬
‫ دﻻﻳﻞ و ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ‬،‫ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد ﻛﻪ ﺧﺮاﺑﻲ ﻫﺎي ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻮه ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ‬
‫ﺣﺎﺻﻠﻪ از آﻧﻬﺎ ﺟﻤﻊ آوري ﺷﺪه و در ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻪ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ و ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت‬
The risk associated with the pipeline, in terms of
the safety of people, damage to the environment
and loss of income depends on the expected
failure frequency and the associated consequence,
which is directly related to the type of fluids
transported and the sensitivity of locations of the
pipeline. In this context, pipeline failures are
defined as loss of containment.
The potential pipeline failures, causes and their
consequences should be inventories and taken into
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Jul. 2009 / 1388 ‫ﺗﻴﺮ‬
account in the design and the operating
philosophy. The most common pipeline threats
which may lead to the loss of technical integrity
are given below.
IPS-E-PI-140(1)
‫ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺧﻄﺮات ﻣﻌﻤﻮل ﺑﺮاي ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ‬.‫در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
‫ﻛﻪ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺖ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ از دﺳﺖ دادن ﻳﻜﭙﺎرﭼﮕﻲ آن ﺷﻮد در زﻳﺮ‬
:‫آورده ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ‬
- Internal corrosion and hydrogen induced
cracking (HIC).
.‫ ﺧﻮردﮔﻲ داﺧﻠﻲ و ﺗﺮﻛﻬﺎي ﻧﺎﺷﻲ از ﻧﻔﻮذ ﻫﻴﺪروژن‬.‫ ﺳﺎﻳﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ‬‫ ﺧﻮردﮔﻲ ﺧﺎرﺟﻲ و ﺗﺮﻛﻬﺎي ﺧﻮردﮔﻲ ﺗﻨﺸﻲ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ از ﺑﻲ‬.‫ﻛﺮﺑﻨﺎت‬
.‫ ﺻﺪﻣﺎت ﺧﺎرﺟﻲ‬،‫ ﺿﺮﺑﺎت ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ‬.‫ ﺧﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﻓﻠﺰ‬.‫ ﻧﻴﺮوﻫﺎي ﻫﻴﺪرودﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜﻲ‬.‫ ﻧﻴﺮوﻫﺎي ژﺋﻮﺗﻜﻨﻴﻜﻲ‬.‫ ﮔﺴﺘﺮش ﻋﻴﻮب ﻣﻮاد‬.‫ ﻓﺸﺎر ﺑﻴﺶ از ﺣﺪ‬-
- Internal erosion.
- External corrosion and bi-carbonate stress
corrosion cracking.
- Mechanical impact, external interference.
- Fatigue.
- Hydrodynamic forces.
- Geo-technical forces.
- Growth of material defects.
- Over pressurization.
.‫ ﻧﻴﺮوﻫﺎي ﺣﺎﺻﻞ از اﻧﺒﺴﺎط ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ‬-
- Thermal expansion forces.
‫ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ‬،‫ و اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬ASME B 31.4/8 ‫ﺑﺎ وﺟﻮد اﻟﺰاﻣﺎت‬
‫ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد ﻛﻪ ﻋﻮاﻣﻠﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮاي اﻳﻤﻨﻲ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ و ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ‬
‫زﻳﺴﺖ ﺑﺤﺮاﻧﻲ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﺑﺮاي ﻃﻮل ﻋﻤﺮ ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ از ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﻣﺪت‬
‫ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ‬.‫زﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺘﺮوك ﻧﮕﻪ داﺷﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﮔﺮدﻧﺪ‬
‫ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﻫﺪف ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮي از ﺑﺮوز‬
‫ ﺧﻄﺮﭘﺬﻳﺮي ﺗﺎ آﻧﺠﺎ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺎً ﻋﻤﻠﻲ اﺳﺖ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ آورده‬، ‫ﻧﺸﺘﻲ‬
‫ ﺑﻪ‬،‫ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺧﻄﺮﭘﺬﻳﺮي ﻣﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺖ ﺑﺎ زﻣﺎن ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‬.‫ﺷﻮد‬
‫ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﻴﺮﺳﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺗﺎ ﺣﺪودي ﺑﺎ ﮔﺬﺷﺖ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ‬
.‫ﻳﺎﺑﺪ‬
Notwithstanding the requirements of the ASME
B31.4/8 and this standard, the factors which are
critical to public safety and the protection of the
environment should be analyzed over the entire
life of the pipeline, including abandonment. The
risk should be reduced to as low as reasonably
practicable, with the definite objective of
preventing leaks. The level of risk may change
with time, and it is likely to increase to some
extent as the pipeline ages.
7.6.2 Safety risk assessments
‫ ارزﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻫﺎي ﺧﻄﺮ ﭘﺬﻳﺮي اﻳﻤﻨﻲ‬2-6-7
A formal quantitative risk assessment (QRA)
should be carried out in the following situations
with specified location classes.
- Fluid category B and C in location classes 3
and 4.
- Fluid category D in all location classes.
‫ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮد ﻛﻪ ارزﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻛﻤﻲ و رﺳﻤﻲ ﺧﻄﺮﭘﺬﻳﺮي در‬
.‫ﺣﺎﻻت زﻳﺮ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻧﻤﻮدن ﻛﻼس ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻴﺖ اﻧﺠﺎم ﭘﺬﻳﺮد‬
4 ‫ و‬3 ‫( در ﻛﻼﺳﻬﺎي ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻴﺖ‬C) ‫( و‬B) ‫ ﺳﻴﺎﻻت دﺳﺘﻪ‬‫( در ﺗﻤﺎم ﻛﻼﺳﻬﺎي ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻴﺖ ﻣﺤﻞ‬D) ‫ ﺳﻴﺎﻻت دﺳﺘﻪ‬‫ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮد ﻛﻪ اﻳﻦ ارزﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻛﺎﻓﻲ ﺑﻮدن ﻣﻘﺎدﻳﺮ اﻧﺘﺨﺎﺑﻲ ﺑﺮاي‬
(3-9 ‫( و ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﻫﻤﺠﻮاري )ﺑﻨﺪ‬2-2-5-7 ‫ﺿﺮاﻳﺐ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ )ﺑﻨﺪ‬
.‫را ﺗﺄﻳﻴﺪ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‬
‫ﺧﻄﺮﭘﺬﻳﺮي ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ در درﺟﻪ اول ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮاﺗﺮ ﺧﺮاﺑﻲﻫﺎي‬
‫ ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي‬،‫ﻣﻮرد اﻧﺘﻈﺎر ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﺖ ﺧﻮردﮔﻲﻫﺎي داﺧﻠﻲ و ﺧﺎرﺟﻲ‬
‫ اﺧﺘﻼف ﻫﺎي ﻧﺸﺴﺖ و دﻫﻨﻪ ﻫﺎي‬،‫ﺧﺎرﺟﻲ )ﺑﺮاي ﻣﺜﺎل ﺿﺮﺑﻪﻫﺎ‬
‫ در‬.‫ و ﻣﺸﻜﻼت ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺗﻲ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬،‫ ﻋﻴﻮب ﻣﻮاد ﻳﺎ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ‬،(‫آزاد‬
‫درﺟﻪ دوم ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ ﭘﻲ آﻣﺪﻫﺎي ﺧﺮاﺑﻲ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺒﻨﺎي ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺖ‬
‫ اﺛﺮات ﺳﻤﻲ ﺑﻮدن و‬،‫ ﭘﺎﻳﺪاري‬، ‫ از ﻧﻈﺮ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ اﺷﺘﻌﺎل‬،‫ﺳﻴﺎل‬
The assessment should confirm that the selected
design factors clause (7.5.2.2) and proximity
distances (9.3) are adequate.
The risk depends firstly on the expected frequency
of failure, due to internal and external corrosion,
external loading (e.g. impacts, settlement
differences, and free spans), material or
construction defects, and operational mishaps.
Secondly, it depends on the consequences of the
failure, based on the nature of the fluid in terms of
flammability, stability, toxicity and polluting
22
Jul. 2009 / 1388 ‫ﺗﻴﺮ‬
effect, the location of the pipeline in terms of
ignition sources, population densities and
proximity to occupied buildings, and the
prevailing climatic conditions. The expected
frequency of failure and the possible
consequences may be time-dependent and should
be analyzed over the entire life of the pipeline.
IPS-E-PI-140(1)
‫ ﻣﺤﻞ و اﺳﺘﻘﺮار ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ از ﻧﻈﺮ ﻧﺰدﻳﻜﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ‬،‫آﻟﻮدﮔﻲ‬
‫ ﺗﺮاﻛﻢ ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ و ﻫﻤﺠﻮاري ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻧﻬﺎي ﻣﺴﻜﻮﻧﻲ‬،‫ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺟﺮﻗﻪ‬
‫ ﺗﻮاﺗﺮ ﺧﺮاﺑﻲ ﻫﺎي ﻣﻮرد‬.‫و ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ آب و ﻫﻮاﻳﻲ ﻏﺎﻟﺐ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫اﻧﺘﻈﺎر و ﭘﻲ آﻣﺪﻫﺎي آن ﻣﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺖ ﺗﺎﺑﻌﻲ از زﻣﺎن ﺑﻮده و‬
.‫ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد ﻛﻪ در ﻃﻮل ﻋﻤﺮ ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﮔﺮدد‬
‫ﺳﻄﺢ ﺧﻄﺮﭘﺬﻳﺮي را ﻣﻲﺗﻮان ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﺿﺮاﻳﺐ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ‬
،(‫ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﺗﺮ )ﺑﺮاي ﻣﺜﺎل ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ ﻳﺎ ﻓﻮﻻد ﻗﻮي ﺗﺮ‬
‫ ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد‬،‫ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﻣﺤﺎﻓﻆ ﻫﺎي اﺿﺎﻓﻲ ﺑﺮاي ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ‬،‫ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ‬
‫ﺗﺴﻬﻴﻼت ﺑﺮاي ﺑﻪ ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ رﺳﺎﻧﺪن ﺣﺠﻢ ﺳﻴﺎل آزاد ﺷﺪه و‬
.‫ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮات و ﺑﺎزرﺳﻲ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ آورد‬،‫ﻛﻨﺘﺮل روﺷﻬﺎي ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺗﻲ‬
Risks levels can be reduced by using lower design
factors (e.g. higher wall thickness or stronger
steel), rerouting, providing additional protection
to the pipeline, application of facilities to
minimize any released fluid volumes, and
controlled methods of operation, maintenance and
inspection.
Note:
Pipelines with a wall thickness lower than 10 mm
are susceptible to penetration, even by small
mechanical excavators. External interference by
third parties is a major cause of pipeline failures.
:‫ﻳﺎدآوري‬
‫ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ ﺣﺘﻲ‬10 ‫دﻳﻮاره ﺧﻄﻮط ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ از‬
.‫ﺑﺎ وﺳﺎﻳﻞ ﻛﻮﭼﻚ ﺣﻔﺎري ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﻣﺴﺘﻌﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻔﻮذ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‬
‫ﺑﺰرﮔﺘﺮﻳﻦ دﻟﻴﻞ ﺧﺮاﺑﻲ ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ دﺧﺎﻟﺖ ﺧﺎرﺟﻲ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ‬
.‫ﮔﺮوﻫﻬﺎي ﺷﺨﺺ ﺛﺎﻟﺚ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد ﻛﻪ اﻗﺪاﻣﺎت ﭘﻴﺸﮕﻴﺮاﻧﻪ وﻳﮋه اي در ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ اﻳﻦ‬
‫ﻧﻮع ﺻﺪﻣﺎت اﻧﺠﺎم ﭘﺬﻳﺮد؛ اﻳﻦ اﻗﺪاﻣﺎت ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺻﺎً در ﻣﻮرد‬
‫( را اﻧﺘﻘﺎل‬D) ‫( و‬C) ‫ﺧﻄﻮط ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎﺋﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺳﻴﺎﻻت دﺳﺘﻪ‬
.‫ﻣﻲدﻫﻨﺪ اﻧﺠﺎم ﭘﺬﻳﺮد‬
Specific precautions against this type of hazard
should be addressed; this is particularly relevant
to pipelines transporting category C and D fluids.
‫ ارزﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮات زﻳﺴﺖ ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ‬3-6-7
7.6.3 Environmental impact assessments
An environmental impact assessment (EIA) shall
be carried out for all pipelines or groups of
pipelines.
EIA is a process for identifying the possible
impact of a project on the environment, for
determining the significance of those impacts, and
for designing strategies and means to eliminate or
minimize adverse impacts.
An EIA should consider the interaction between
the pipeline and the environment during each
stage of the pipeline life cycle. The characteristics
of the environment may affect pipeline design,
construction method, reinstatement techniques,
and operations philosophy.
‫( ﺑﺮاي ﻛﻠﻴﻪ ﺧﻄﻮط‬EIA) ‫ﻳﻚ ارزﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮات زﻳﺴﺖ ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ‬
.‫ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻳﺎ ﮔﺮوﻫﻬﺎﻳﻲ از ﺧﻄﻮط ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ اﻧﺠﺎم ﮔﻴﺮد‬
‫( ﻓﺮآﻳﻨﺪي اﺳﺖ ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮات‬EIA)‫اﻳﻦ ارزﻳﺎﺑﻲ‬
‫ ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ اﻫﻤﻴﺖ اﻳﻦ‬،‫اﺣﺘﻤﺎﻟﻲ زﻳﺴﺖ ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ ﭘﺮوژه‬
‫ و ﺑﺮاي اﺳﺘﺮاﺗﮋي ﻫﺎي ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ و ﺗﺪاﺑﻴﺮ ﺣﺬف ﻳﺎ ﺗﻘﻠﻴﻞ‬،‫ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮات‬
.‫اﺛﺮات ﻣﻀﺮ آن‬
‫در ارزﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮات زﻳﺴﺖ ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد اﺛﺮات‬
‫ﻣﺘﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ و ﻣﺤﻴﻂ زﻳﺴﺖ در ﻫﺮ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﻋﻤﺮي ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ‬
‫ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻴﺎت ﻣﺤﻴﻂ زﻳﺴﺖ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺖ روي‬.‫ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﮔﺮدد‬
‫ روش ﻫﺎي ﺑﺎزﮔﺮداﻧﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ‬،‫ روش اﺟﺮا‬،‫ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ‬
.‫اوﻟﻴﻪ و ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻪ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت اﺛﺮ ﺑﮕﺬارد‬
‫ ﺟﻨﺲ ﻣﻮاد‬-8
8. MATERIALS
‫ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ‬1-8
8.1 General
‫ﺑﻄﻮر ﻛﻠﻲ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻮع ﺳﻴﺎﻟﻲ ﻛﻪ اﻧﺘﻘﺎل داده ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد‬
‫ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب‬،‫ دﻣﺎ و ﻓﺸﺎر آن‬،‫ ﻧﻮع ﺟﺮﻳﺎن‬، ‫ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺻﺎً ﺧﻮرﻧﺪﮔﻲ‬
‫ﺟﻨﺲ ﻣﻮاد ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﻳﻚ ﻣﺴﺌﻠﻪ اﺳﺎﺳﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ در‬
‫ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻣﻲ ﭘﺮوژه ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ راﺟﻊ ﺑﻪ آن ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬
‫ در اﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻮارد ﺟﻨﺲ ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ از‬.‫ﮔﻴﺮي ﺑﻪ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ آﻣﺪ‬
‫ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ اﻳﻨﻜﻪ‬.‫ ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺻﺎً ﻓﻮﻻد ﻛﺮﺑﻨﻲ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد‬،‫ﻓﻠﺰ‬
Depending mainly on the type of the fluid to be
transported, specially its corrosivity, flow regime,
temperature and pressure, the selection of pipeline
material type can become a fundamental issue
which should be decided at the conceptual design
stage of a pipeline project. The most frequently
used pipeline materials are metallic, especially
carbon steel. Since the protection of internal
23
Jul. 2009 / 1388 ‫ﺗﻴﺮ‬
corrosion and erosion of the pipe wall, which are
governed by a variety of process conditions such
as corrosivity of the fluid (particularly due to
presence of water combined with hydrogen
sulphide, carbon dioxide or oxygen), temperature,
pressure and velocity of the fluid as well as
deposition of solids, etc., can not be easily
achieved in the same manner as for the protection
of external corrosion, the selection of pipeline
material should be made after careful
consideration of all conditions to ensure that
pipeline can remain fit-for-purpose throughout its
life time.
IPS-E-PI-140(1)
When sour service conditions are foreseen (as
specified in NACE MR 0175/ISO 15156) the line
pipe material and other materials shall be
specified to resist sour services, regardless of
whether or not the fluid is to be dehydrated and
inhibitors are to be used.
‫ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺗﻲ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ﺧﻮرﻧﺪﮔﻲ ﺳﻴﺎل‬
‫ دي‬،‫)ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺻﺎً ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﺖ وﺟﻮد آب ﻫﻤﺮاه ﺑﺎ ﺳﻮﻟﻔﻴﺪ ﻫﻴﺪروژن‬
‫ ﻓﺸﺎر و ﺳﺮﻋﺖ آن و‬،‫ دﻣﺎ‬،(‫اﻛﺴﻴﺪ ﻛﺮﺑﻦ ﻳﺎ اﻛﺴﻴﮋن در ﺳﻴﺎل‬
‫ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ رﺳﻮب ﻣﻮاد ﺟﺎﻣﺪ و ﻏﻴﺮه از ﻋﻮاﻣﻠﻲ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ‬
‫ﻣﻲﺗﻮاﻧﻨﺪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺧﻮردﮔﻲ داﺧﻠﻲ و ﺳﺎﻳﺶ ﺟﺪاره ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻟﺬا‬
‫ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮي از آﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﻪ آﺳﺎﻧﻲ روﺷﻬﺎي ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺘﻲ در ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ‬
‫ از اﻳﻨﺮو ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ‬،‫ﺧﻮردﮔﻲ ﺧﺎرﺟﻲ اﻣﻜﺎن ﭘﺬﻳﺮ ﻧﻤﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ﻣﻲﺷﻮد اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺟﻨﺲ ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﭘﺲ از ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ دﻗﻴﻖ ﺗﻤﺎم‬
‫ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﻓﻮق و ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪف ﻛﺎرﻛﺮد ﻣﻄﻤﺌﻦ ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ در ﺗﻤﺎم دوره‬
.‫ﻋﻤﺮي ﭘﻴﺶ ﺑﻴﻨﻲ ﺷﺪه ﺑﺮاي آن اﻧﺠﺎم ﺑﭙﺬﻳﺮد‬
‫وﻗﺘﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ در ﺳﺮوﻳﺲ ﻣﻮاد ﺗﺮش ﻗﺮار ﻣﻴﮕﻴﺮد )ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ‬
(NACE MR 0175/ISO 15156 ‫ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺷﺪه در‬
‫ﺻﺮﻓﻨﻈﺮ از آﻧﻜﻪ آب ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه و از ﻣﻮاد ﺑﺎزدارﻧﺪه از‬
‫ ﺟﻨﺲ ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ و ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻣﻮاد ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬،‫ﺧﻮردﮔﻲ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪه ﻳﺎ ﻧﻪ‬
.‫ﺑﻪ ﻧﺤﻮي اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ در ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﺗﺮش ﻣﻘﺎوم ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬
Carbon steel line pipe material may be used in
‫در ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﺳﺮوﻳﺴﻬﺎي ﻛﻤﻲ ﺗﺮش در ﺻﻮرت ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﻧﻤﻮدن‬
"light" sour corrosive conditions (typically where
‫ ﺗﺰرﻳﻖ ﻣﻮاد ﺑﺎزدارﻧﺪه از‬،‫ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ اﺿﺎﻓﻲ ﻛﺎﻓﻲ ﺑﺮاي ﺧﻮردﮔﻲ‬
rate of corrosion is less than 0.5 mm/year without
inhibition)
but
with
allowance,
inhibitor
sufficient
injection,
‫ ﺑﺎزرﺳﻲ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ و ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت ﻛﻨﺘﺮل ﺷﺪه ﻣﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺖ‬،‫ﺧﻮردﮔﻲ‬
corrosion
‫از ﻟﻮﻟﻪﻫﺎي ﻓﻮﻻدي اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﻮد) ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ وﻗﺘﻲ ﻛﻪ‬
appropriate
inspection and controlled operation. Corrosion
‫ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺧﻮردﮔﻲ ﺑﺪون اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﺑﺎزدارﻧﺪهﻫﺎي ﺧﻮردﮔﻲ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ‬
allowances in excess of 3 mm shall not be
‫ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ اﺿﺎﻓﻲ ﻣﺠﺎز ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ از‬.(‫ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ در ﺳﺎل ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬0/5 ‫از‬
considered without detailed analysis by corrosion
‫ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ ﺑﺮاي ﺧﻮردﮔﻲ ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺪون ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺗﻔﺼﻴﻠﻲ‬3
specialists.
.‫ﻛﺎرﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎن ﺧﻮردﮔﻲ در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﻮد‬
If conditions which may cause erosion can not be
avoided, special materials with improved designs
to reduce or eliminate erosion should be used.
،‫اﮔﺮ از ﺷﺮاﻳﻄﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺳﺎﻳﺶ ﺷﻮد ﻧﺘﻮان اﺟﺘﻨﺎب ﻧﻤﻮد‬
‫ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد ﺑﺮاي ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻳﺎ ﺣﺬف ﺳﺎﻳﺶ از ﻣﻮاد ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺻﻲ‬
.‫ﻫﻤﺮاه ﺑﺎ اﺻﻼح ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﻮد‬
(‫× ﻳﺎ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ‬60)‫وﻗﺘﻲ ﺑﺮاي ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ از ﻓﻮﻻد ﺑﺎ ﮔﺮﻳﺪ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ‬
ٌ‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﻮد ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ و روش ﺟﻮش ﻛﺎري ) ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺻﺎ‬
‫ ﺟﻮش ﻫﺎي‬، (‫ درﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮاد‬300 ‫اﻟﺰام ﺑﻪ ﭘﻴﺶ ﮔﺮﻣﻲ ﺗﺎ‬
‫ﻧﺎﺗﻤﺎم ﻗﺒﻞ از ﺟﻮش ﻛﺎري ﻣﺠﺪد و ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺗﻨﺶ ﺗﺴﻠﻴﻢ ﻣﻮرد‬
‫ )ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺻﺎً ﻧﻴﺎز ﺑﻪ‬.‫ﻧﻴﺎز ﺑﻪ ﺗﻨﺶ ﻛﺸﺸﻲ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻣﺨﺼﻮص ﺷﻮد‬
‫ ﺟﻮﺷﻬﺎي ﻧﺎﺗﻤﺎم ﻗﺒﻞ از‬،( ‫ درﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮاد‬300 ‫ﭘﻴﺸﮕﻴﺮي ﺗﺎ‬
‫ و ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺗﻨﺶ ﺗﺴﻠﻴﻢ ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻴﺎز ﺑﻪ ﺗﻨﺶ‬،‫ﺟﻮﺷﻜﺎري ﻣﺠﺪد‬
× 70‫ در ﺣﺎل ﺣﺎﺿﺮ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻓﻮﻻد ﺑﺎ ﮔﺮﻳﺪ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ از‬.‫ﻛﺸﺸﻲ‬
.‫ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﻧﻤﻲ ﺷﻮد‬
When selecting higher grades of steel line pipe
(× 60 and higher), special attention shall be given
to weld ability and welding procedure (specially
requirement for preheating to 300°C) ,the
unfinished welds before re-welding, and required
yield to tensile ratio. Use of grades higher than ×
70 is not recommended at present.
When low temperatures are expected (e.g. at
downstream of gas pressure reducing stations),
attention shall be given to the fracture toughness
properties of pipe material (for possibility of long
running fractures). See IPS-M-PI-190.
‫وﻗﺘﻲ ﻛﻪ اﻣﻜﺎن ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ آﻣﺪن دﻣﺎ وﺟﻮد دارد )ﺑﺮاي ﻣﺜﺎل ﻗﺴﻤﺖ‬
‫ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺧﺎﺻﻴﺖ‬،(‫ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ دﺳﺘﻲ اﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻫﻬﺎي ﺗﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﻓﺸﺎر ﮔﺎز‬
‫ﭼﻘﺮﻣﮕﻲ ﺟﻨﺲ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺷﻮد )ﺑﺮاي اﺣﺘﻤﺎل ﮔﺴﺘﺮش‬
.‫ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﻪ ﺷﻮد‬IPS-M-PI-190 .( ‫ﺷﻜﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﻃﻮﻳﻞ‬
24
Jul. 2009 / 1388 ‫ﺗﻴﺮ‬
IPS-E-PI-140(1)
‫ ﺗﺪارك ﻛﺎﻻ‬2-8
8.2 Material Procurement
All materials should comply with relevant codes,
standards,
specifications
and
technical
requirements set and/or approved by the Company
and should be procured from company approved
Vendors/ Manufacturers/ Suppliers.
،‫ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪاردﻫﺎ‬،‫ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﻣﻴﺸﻮد ﺗﻤﺎم ﻣﻮاد ﺑﺎ آﺋﻴﻦ ﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت و اﻟﺰاﻣﺎت ﻓﻨﻲ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺷﺪه و ﻳﺎ ﺗﺄﻛﻴﺪ ﺷﺪه ﺗﻮﺳﻂ‬
‫ﺗﻬﻴﻪ‬/‫ﺳﺎزﻧﺪﮔﺎن‬/ ‫ﻛﺎرﻓﺮﻣﺎ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻘﺖ داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ و از ﻓﺮوﺷﻨﺪﮔﺎن‬
.‫ﻛﻨﻨﺪﮔﺎن ﺗﺄﻳﻴﺪ ﺷﺪه ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻛﺎرﻓﺮﻣﺎ ﺧﺮﻳﺪاري ﮔﺮدﻧﺪ‬
‫ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮد ﻗﺒﻠﻲ و ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ‬،‫ ﻧﻮع ﻣﻮاد‬، ‫ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ اﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ‬
‫ ﻛﺎرﻓﺮﻣﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺳﻄﺢ و داﻣﻨﻪ ﺑﺎزرﺳﻲ ﻛﻪ‬،‫ﻛﻨﺘﺮل ﻛﻴﻔﻲ ﺳﺎزﻧﺪه‬
.‫ﻗﺼﺪ اﻧﺠﺎم آن را دارد )در ﺻﻮرت وﺟﻮد( ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‬
Depending on criticality of pipeline, type of
material, past performance and quality control
system of manufacturer, the Company shall
specify the level and extent of inspection that the
Company intends to perform (if any).
For each pipe size, sufficient spare materials for
possible route deviations, transportation and
construction damages, testing and set-up of
contingency stock should be estimated and
ordered with the actual quantities required for the
project.
‫ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد ﺑﺮاي ﻫﺮ ﻗﻄﺮي از ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر اﺣﺘﻤﺎل‬
‫ آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ و‬، ‫ ﺻﺪﻣﺎت ﻧﺎﺷﻲ از ﺣﻤﻞ و ﻧﻘﻞ و ﻧﺼﺐ‬، ‫ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان اﻗﻼم ذﺧﻴﺮه ﺑﻪ ﻣﻘﺪار ﻛﺎﻓﻲ ﻛﺎﻻي اﺿﺎﻓﻲ ﭘﻴﺶ ﺑﻴﻨﻲ‬
.‫و ﻫﻤﺮاه ﻣﻘﺎدﻳﺮ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﻲ ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻴﺎز ﭘﺮوژه ﺳﻔﺎرش ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
‫ ﻣﻮاد ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ‬3-8
8.3 Line Pipe Materials
‫ ﻛﻪ‬API Spec. 5L ‫ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻓﻮﻻدي ﻛﺮﺑﻨﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت‬
.‫ ﺗﻜﻤﻴﻞ ﺷﺪه ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻘﺖ داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬IPS-M-PI-190 ‫ﺗﻮﺳﻂ‬
ASME B ‫ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻏﻴﺮ ﻓﻮﻻد ﻛﺮﺑﻨﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪاردﻫﺎي‬
‫ و اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد و ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ‬B 31.8 ‫ و‬31.4
‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪاردﻫﺎ و آﺋﻴﻦ ﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻛﺎرﻓﺮﻣﺎ‬
.‫ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﺪه ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻘﺖ داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬
Carbon steel line pipe shall be in accordance with
API Spec. 5L supplemented by IPS-M-PI-190.
Line pipe materials other than carbon steel shall
comply with ASME B 31.4 and B 31.8 and this
supplement as well as other specific relevant
supplements and codes specified by the Company.
‫ ﻣﺠﺎز‬API 5L (PSL1) ‫ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس‬:‫ﻳﺎدآوري‬
Note: Using line pipe as per API 5L (PSL1) is not
allowed.
.‫ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‬
‫ ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎ‬4-8
8.4 Valves
Valves shall comply with IPS-M-PI-110. The
valve inlet and outlet passages should be specified
to match the pipe internal diameter.
‫ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ‬.‫ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬IPS-M-PI-110 ‫ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻃﺒﻖ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬
‫ﻣﻴﺸﻮد ﻣﺠﺮاﻫﺎي ورودي و ﺧﺮوﺟﻲ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺤﻮي ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
.‫ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻗﻄﺮ داﺧﻠﻲ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﻤﺨﻮاﻧﻲ داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬
Check valves should preferably be swing type to
‫ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎي ﻳﻜﻄﺮﻓﻪ ﺗﺮﺟﻴﺤﺎً از ﻧﻮع ﻟﻮﻻﻳﻲ و ﻃﺒﻖ‬
‫ در ﺻﻮرت اﺧﺬ ﺗﺄﻳﻴﺪ ﻗﺒﻠﻲ از‬.‫ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬API-6D ‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬
.‫ﻛﺎرﻓﺮﻣﺎ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ اﻧﻮاع ﻣﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺖ ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻗﺮار ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ‬
API-6D. Other types may be considered subject to
prior approval of the Company.
‫ ﻏﻴﺮه‬، ‫ اﺗﺼﺎﻻت‬،‫ اﻧﺸﻌﺎﺑﺎت‬5-8
8.5 Branch Connections, Fittings, etc.
Flanges and
IPS-M-PI-150
fittings
shall
comply
with
.‫ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬IPS-M-PI-150 ‫ﻓﻠﻨﺞ ﻫﺎ و اﺗﺼﺎﻻت ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﺑﺎ‬
Threaded connections (pipe to pipe, fittings, etc.)
and slip-on flanges shall not be used in any part of
the pipeline system.
‫ ﻏﻴﺮه( و ﻓﻠﻨﺞ ﻫﺎي ﻧﺮ‬،‫ اﺗﺼﺎﻻت‬،‫اﺗﺼﺎﻻت رزوه اي )ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ‬
.‫و ﻣﺎدهاي ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ در ﻫﻴﭻ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺑﻜﺎر ﺑﺮده ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
"Pup" pieces should not be less than 0.15 m or 2½
pipe diameter whichever is greater.
‫ ﻣﺘﺮ ﻳﺎ‬0/15 ‫ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد ﺗﻜﻪ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎي اﻧﺘﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻮﺗﺎﻫﺘﺮ از‬
.‫ ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﻗﻄﺮ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺮ ﻛﺪام ﻛﻪ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ اﺳﺖ ﻧﺒﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬2/5
‫ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد ﻓﻠﻨﺞ ﻫﺎ ﺗﺮﺟﻴﺤﺎً از ﻧﻮع ﮔﻠﻮﺋﻲ ﺑﻮده و ﮔﻠﻮﺋﻲ آن‬
Flanges should preferably be of welding neck type
and the neck should match the internal diameter
25
Jul. 2009 / 1388 ‫ﺗﻴﺮ‬
of the line pipe for welding. Flanged connections
shall conform to the followings:
IPS-E-PI-140(1)
.‫ﺑﺎ ﻗﻄﺮ داﺧﻠﻲ ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺑﺮاي ﺟﻮﺷﻜﺎري ﻫﻤﺨﻮاﻧﻲ داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
:‫ﻣﺘﺎﺑﻌﺖ از ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ زﻳﺮ در اﺗﺼﺎﻻت ﻓﻠﻨﺠﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﻮد‬
.‫ و ﻛﻤﺘﺮ‬600 ‫ ﻓﻠﻨﺞ از ﻧﻮع ﺳﻄﺢ ﺑﺮﺟﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﺮاي رده ﻓﺸﺎر‬-
- Raised face flanges for classes 600 and below.
‫ و‬600 ‫ ﻓﻠﻨﺞ از ﻧﻮع اﺗﺼﺎل رﻳﻨﮕﻲ ﺑﺮاي رده ﻓﺸﺎر ﺑﺎﻻي‬.‫ﺧﻄﻮط ﺟﺮﻳﺎن‬
- Ring type joint flanges for classes above 600
and flow lines.
:‫ﻳﺎدآوري‬
Note:
‫ﺑﺮاي ﻓﻠﻨﺞ ﻫﺎي ﺳﻄﺢ ﺑﺮﺟﺴﺘﻪ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد از واﺷﺮ از ﻧﻮع‬
.‫ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﻮد‬،‫ﺳﻄﺢ ﺑﺮﺟﺴﺘﻪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺼﻮرت ﻣﺎرﭘﻴﭻ ﭘﻴﭽﻴﺪه ﺷﺪه‬
‫ﺑﻪ دﻟﻴﻞ اﺳﺘﺤﻜﺎم ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از اﻧﺸﻌﺎﺑﺎت و ﻳﺎ اﺗﺼﺎﻻت‬
‫ در ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ‬DN 50 (NPS 2) ‫اﺑﺰار دﻗﻴﻖ ﻛﻮﭼﻜﺘﺮ از‬
DN 50 (NPS 2) ‫ ﺑﺮاي ﺧﻄﻮط ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻛﻮﭼﻜﺘﺮ از‬.‫ﻧﻤﻲ ﺷﻮد‬
‫ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از راﺑﻂ‬.‫اﻧﺪازه اﻧﺸﻌﺎﺑﺎت ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﻗﻄﺮ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
.‫ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﻧﻤﻲ ﺷﻮد‬DN 75 (NPS 3) ‫اﻧﺸﻌﺎب ﺟﻮﺷﻲ ﺑﺰرﮔﺘﺮ از‬
Gaskets should be raised face spiral wound for
raised face flanges. Branch or instrument
connections smaller than DN 50 (NPS 2) should
not be used on pipeline for mechanical strength
reasons. For pipelines smaller than DN 50 (NPS
2), the branch connections shall be of the same
diameter as the pipeline. Weldolets larger than
DN 75 (NPS 3) should not be used.
‫ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ‬-9
9. PIPELINE ROUTE SELECTION
‫ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ‬1-9
9.1 General
‫در اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺧﺎﺻﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺧﻄﺮات ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ‬
‫)ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺻﺎً اﻳﻤﻨﻲ و ﺧﻄﺮات ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ زﻳﺴﺖ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺒﻨﺎي‬
‫ اﺣﺘﻤﺎل‬،‫ دﺳﺘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪي ﻫﺎي ﺳﻴﺎل‬،‫رده ﻫﺎي ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻴﺖ ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ‬
‫ﺧﺮاﺑﻲ ﻫﺎي ﻣﻜﺮر و ﻧﻈﺎﻳﺮ آن( ﻗﺎﺑﻞ دﺳﺘﺮﺳﻲ ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮ و‬
‫ﻧﮕﻬﺪاري و ﺑﺎزرﺳﻲ ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ و ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي) ﻃﻮل‬
‫ ﺗﻘﺎﻃﻊ ﻫﺎ و ﻧﻈﺎﻳﺮ آن( ﺗﻮﺟﻪ‬،‫ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺻﻌﺐ اﻟﻌﺒﻮر‬،‫ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ‬
.‫ﺧﺎﺻﻲ ﻣﺒﺬول ﮔﺮدد‬
‫ﻗﺒﻞ از اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ و اﻧﺠﺎم ﻧﻘﺸﻪ ﺑﺮداري ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ‬
‫ﻣﻲﺷﻮد ﻛﻪ ﻣﺴﻴﺮﻫﺎي دﻳﮕﺮ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ و‬
‫زﻣﻴﻦ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ‬/‫ﻧﻘﺸﻪﻫﺎي ﻣﻮﺟﻮد و اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﻓﻨﻲ زﻣﻴﻦ‬
.‫ﮔﺮدﻧﺪ‬
In selecting the route, full account shall be taken
of the associated risks (particularly safety and
environmental risks based on location classes,
fluid categories, expected frequency of failure,
etc.), the accessibility for maintenance and
inspection, as well as economic factors (length of
line, difficult terrains and crossings, etc.).
Site checks of alternative routes should be made
and available maps and geotechnical/geological
information should be studied before selecting a
suitable route for detailed survey.
‫ ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ و ﺧﺎك‬2-9
9.2 Route and Soil Surveys
certain areas.
‫ﻗﺒﻞ از ﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﺮدن ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ و اﻧﺠﺎم ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺗﻔﺼﻴﻠﻲ‬
‫ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﺑﺮرﺳﻴﻬﺎي اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪه در ﻣﻮرد‬
‫ اﻳﻦ اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺎ‬.‫ﺟﺰﺋﻴﺎت ﻣﺴﻴﺮ در دﺳﺘﺮس ﻗﺮار ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ‬
‫اﻃﻼﻋﺎت داده ﺷﺪه در ﻧﻘﺸﻪ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻛﺎرﻓﺮﻣﺎ ﻫﻤﺨﻮاﻧﻲ داﺷﺘﻪ‬
‫ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد ﻧﻘﺸﻪ ﻫﺎي اﺿﺎﻓﻲ ﭘﻼن و ﺑﺮش ﻃﻮﻟﻲ‬.‫ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬
‫ﻣﺴﻴﺮ در ﻣﻘﻴﺎس ﺑﺰرگ ﺑﺮاي ﻣﻘﺎﻃﻊ دﺷﻮار ﻣﺜﻞ ﺗﻘﺎﻃﻊ ﺑﺎ‬
‫ ﺑﺮاي‬.‫ راه آﻫﻦ و ﻧﻈﺎﻳﺮ آن ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬،‫ ﺟﺎده ﻫﺎ‬،‫رودﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻣﻌﻴﻨﻲ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺖ ﻧﻴﺎز ﺑﻪ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﻧﻘﺸﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻛﺎﻣﻞ‬
. ‫ﺗﻮﭘﻮﻟﻮژي ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
The profile drawings should also indicate areas in
which major excavation or elevated pipeline
supports may be required.
‫ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮد ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻘﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻧﻴﺎز ﺑﻪ ﺣﻔﺎري ﻋﻤﻴﻖ و ﻳﺎ‬
‫ﻧﮕﻬﺪارﻧﺪهﻫﺎي ﺑﺎ ارﺗﻔﺎع ﺑﺎﻻ دارﻧﺪ در ﻧﻘﺸﻪﻫﺎي ﺑﺮش ﻃﻮﻟﻲ‬
.‫ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﻧﺸﺎن داده ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
Detailed survey data should be made available
before finalizing the pipeline route and carrying
out detailed design. These data shall comply with
those indicated in client standard drawing.
Additional plan and profile drawings at enlarged
scales should be provided for difficult sections
such as crossings at rivers, roads, railways, etc.
Full topographic surveys may be required for
26
Jul. 2009 / 1388 ‫ﺗﻴﺮ‬
IPS-E-PI-140(1)
‫ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد ﺷﻌﺎع اﻧﺤﻨﺎي ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ در ﻃﻮل ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ از‬
‫ ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﻗﻄﺮ ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ )وﻗﺘﻲ ﻣﻘﺎدﻳﺮ ﻛﻤﺘﺮي ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻴﺎز‬500
‫ اﻃﻼﻋﺎت اﺿﺎﻓﻲ ﺑﻪ‬.(‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد از ﺧﻢ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﮔﺮدد‬
.‫ﺷﺮح زﻳﺮ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ اراﺋﻪ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
The radius of curvature of the pipeline foundation
along the route should not be less than 500 times
the pipeline diameter (bends should be used when
lower values are necessary). Additional data to be
furnished as follows:
a) Geotechnical and other environmental data
(such as landslides, faults, earthquakes, floods,
currents at river crossings, climatic data,
vegetation, fauna, etc.).
‫اﻟﻒ( اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﻓﻨﻲ زﻣﻴﻦ و ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ زﻳﺴﺖ ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ‬
،‫ زﻟﺰﻟﻪ ﻫﺎ‬،‫ ﮔﺴﻞ ﻫﺎ‬،‫)ﻣﺜﻞ رﻳﺰش ﻛﻮه ﻳﺎ راﻧﺶ زﻣﻴﻦ‬
،‫ اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﺟﻮي‬،‫ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻧﺎت در ﺗﻘﺎﻃﻊﻫﺎي ﺑﺎ رودﺧﺎﻧﻪ‬،‫ﺳﻴﻞﻫﺎ‬
.(‫ ﺟﺎﻧﻮري و ﻧﻈﺎﻳﺮ آن‬،‫ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ‬
‫ب( ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﺧﺎك ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻧﻮع ﺧﺎك و اﺳﺘﺤﻜﺎم‬
b) Soil investigation for type and consolidation
of ground for assessing the degree of
excavation difficulties.
.‫آن ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﻴﺰان ﻣﺸﻜﻼت ﺣﻔﺎري‬
‫ﻳﺎ‬/‫ج( ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﺧﺎك ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ زﻳﺮﺳﺎزي )دﻓﻦ و‬
‫ ﻧﺸﺴﺖ زﻣﻴﻦ )ﺑﺮاي ﻣﺜﺎل ﺳﺎﻳﺶ‬،(‫ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﻧﮕﻬﺪارﻧﺪه‬
‫زﻳﺮزﻣﻴﻦ و ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﺣﻔﺮه ﺗﻮﺳﻂ آﺑﻬﺎي اﺳﻴﺪي ﻳﺎ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺘﻬﺎي‬
.(‫اﺳﺘﺨﺮاج ﻣﻌﺎدن‬
‫د( ﺳﻄﺢ آﺑﻬﺎي زﻳﺮزﻣﻴﻨﻲ در اواﺳﻂ ﺑﻬﺎر و زﻣﺴﺘﺎن در‬
c) Soil investigation for foundation design
(burial and/or support design), subsidence
areas (e.g. underground erosion and cavitations
by acidic water or mining activities).
[[
d) Water table levels at mid spring and winter
along the route of the pipeline where it is to be
buried.
.‫ﻃﻮل ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﺧﻄﻮط ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻛﻪ ﻗﺮار اﺳﺖ ﻣﺪﻓﻮن ﺷﻮد‬
e) Soil resistivity along the pipeline route for
coating selection and cathodic protection
design. Areas where soil properties may
change due to causes such as Sulphide
reducing bacteria, which increases current
required for cathodic protection systems,
should be identified.
‫ﻫ( ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﺧﺎك در ﻃﻮل ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر‬
‫ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‬.‫اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﭘﻮﺷﺶ و ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﻛﺎﺗﺪي‬
‫ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻘﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺧﻮاص ﺧﺎك ﻣﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﺖ ﻋﻮاﻣﻠﻲ ﻧﻈﻴﺮ‬
‫ ﻛﻪ اﻳﻦ‬،‫ﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮي ﻫﺎي ﺳﻮﻟﻔﻴﺪي اﺣﻴﺎ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ‬
‫اﻣﺮ ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻴﺎز ﺑﺮاي ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﻛﺎﺗﺪي را‬
.‫ از ﻗﺒﻞ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﺋﻲ ﮔﺮدﻧﺪ‬،‫اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﻣﻲدﻫﺪ‬
‫ ﻣﺠﺎورت ﺑﺎ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻧﻬﺎي ﻣﺴﻜﻮﻧﻲ‬3-9
9.3 Proximity to Occupied Buildings
‫ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ از ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻧﻬﺎي ﻣﺴﻜﻮﻧﻲ‬
.‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻘﺮرات اﻳﻤﻨﻲ اﺑﻼﻏﻲ ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﻧﻤﻮد‬
For minimum distance of pipeline from occupied
buildings, reference shall be made to the safety
regulations enforced by related Company.
‫ ﻣﺠﺎورت ﺑﺎ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﺗﺄﺳﻴﺴﺎت‬4-9
9.4 Proximity to other Facilities
‫ اﻟﺰاﻣﺎت‬D ‫ و‬B,C ‫ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد ﺑﺮاي ﺳﻴﺎﻟﻬﺎي دﺳﺘﻪ‬‫ﺟﺪاﺳﺎزي ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ از ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﺗﺄﺳﻴﺴﺎت داﺧﻞ ﻣﺤﺪوده‬
.‫ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬IPS-E-PI-240 ‫ﻛﺎرﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﻃﺒﻖ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬
‫ اﻳﻦ‬11 ‫ ﺑﺮاي اﻟﺰاﻣﺎت ﺟﺪاﺳﺎزي در ﺗﻘﺎﻃﻊ ﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺑﻨﺪ‬.‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﺷﻮد‬
‫ ﺑﺮاي دﺳﺘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪي ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ اﻃﺮاف ﺧﻄﻮط ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺨﺶ‬‫ از دﺳﺘﻮراﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻣﺪل ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت اﻳﻤﻦ ﻣﻮﺳﺴﻪ ﻧﻔﺖ‬15
.‫ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﺷﻮد‬
- For categories B, C and D, the separation
requirements of the pipeline to other facilities
within plant fences should be in accordance
with IPS-E-PI-240.
- For separation requirement at crossings see
Section 11 of this Standard.
- Refer to the Institute of Petroleum Model
Code of Safe Practice Part 15 for area
classifications around the pipeline.
‫ ﺟﺎده اﺧﺘﺼﺎﺻﻲ‬5-9
9.5 Right-of-Way
‫ﻫﺮ ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ داراي ﻳﻚ ﺟﺎده اﺧﺘﺼﺎﺻﻲ داﺋﻤﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻋﺮض‬
‫ﻛﺎﻓﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت اﺟﺮاﻳﻲ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ )ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺧﻄﻮط‬
‫ﻟﻮﻟﻪ اﺿﺎﻓﻲ در آﻳﻨﺪه( و اﻣﻜﺎن دﺳﺘﻴﺎﺑﻲ ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺎزرﺳﻲ و‬
Every pipeline shall have a permanent right-ofway with sufficient width to enable the line to be
constructed (including future additional lines) and
27
Jul. 2009 / 1388 ‫ﺗﻴﺮ‬
to allow access for pipeline inspection and
maintenance.
IPS-E-PI-140(1)
.‫ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮات آن ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ﻧﻘﺸﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺗﺤﺼﻴﻞ اراﺿﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﺷﻮد و ﺑﺎ ﻣﺴﺌﻮﻻن ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ‬
.‫ﻫﻤﺎﻫﻨﮕﻲ ﻻزم ﺑﻪ ﻋﻤﻞ آﻳﺪ‬
Land acquisition drawings shall be prepared and
necessary coordination with related authorities
shall be made.
‫ ﭘﻬﻨﺎي ﺟﺎده اﺧﺘﺼﺎﺻﻲ‬1-5-9
9.5.1 Right-of-way width
‫ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد ﺑﺮاي ﻫﺮ ﭘﺮوژه ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺒﻨﺎي ﻣﻌﻴﺎرﻫﺎي‬
:‫زﻳﺮ ﭘﻬﻨﺎي ﺟﺎده اﺧﺘﺼﺎﺻﻲ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﻮد‬
For every pipeline project, the width of the rightof-way should be decided based on the following
criteria:
.‫ ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻣﺪﻓﻮن ﻳﺎ رو زﻣﻴﻨﻲ‬.‫ ﻗﻄﺮ ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ‬.‫ روش ﺳﺎﺧﺖ‬-
- Pipeline being buried or above ground.
- Diameter of the pipeline.
- Method of construction.
- Zigzag configuration of above ground
pipeline.
.‫ وﺿﻌﻴﺖ زﻳﮕﺰاك ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ روي زﻣﻴﻨﻲ‬-
- Pipeline being in flat areas or in mountainous
or hilly areas, etc.
‫ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ در ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻫﻤﻮار ﻳﺎ ﻛﻮﻫﺴﺘﺎﻧﻲ ﻳﺎ‬.‫ﺗﭙﻪ اي و ﻧﻈﺎﻳﺮ آن‬
‫ ﺧﻄﻮط ﻟﻮﻟﻪ آﻳﻨﺪه در ﻫﻤﺎن ﻣﺴﻴﺮ )ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺻﺎً در ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ‬‫ﻳﺎ‬/‫ﺗﭙﻪ اي و ﻛﻮﻫﺴﺘﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺖ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت اﻧﻔﺠﺎري و‬
.(‫ﺗﻌﺮﻳﺾ ﺟﺎده اﺧﺘﺼﺎﺻﻲ ﻣﻮﺟﻮد ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻣﺸﻜﻞ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‬
‫ ﻧﻮع ﺳﻴﺎل و ﻓﺸﺎر ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ و ﻋﻮاﻗﺐ ﻣﺨﺎﻃﺮات ﻧﺎﺷﻲ از‬.‫ﺷﻜﺴﺖ ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ‬
- Future pipelines along the same route
(particularly in hilly and mountainous areas
where blasting and/or excavation for widening
the existing right-of-way may create problem).
- Type of fluid and pressure of the pipeline and
the consequential risks of pipeline failure.
For buried pipeline widths of right-of-way shall
conform to standard drawing (IPS-D-PI-143).
‫ﭘﻬﻨﺎي ﺟﺎده اﺧﺘﺼﺎﺻﻲ ﺑﺮاي ﺧﻄﻮط ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻣﺪﻓﻮن ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺒﻨﺎي‬
The following figures can be considered as
minimum widths of right-of-way and may be
increased where necessary to suit the particular
requirements of a specific project or may be
reduced, subject to prior approval of the
Company, if certain restrictions do not permit
widening of the right-of-way to the required ideal
widths:
‫اﻋﺪاد زﻳﺮ ﻣﻴﺘﻮاﻧﻨﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﭘﻬﻨﺎي ﺟﺎده اﺧﺘﺼﺎﺻﻲ در‬
.‫ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬IPS-D-PI-143 ‫ﻧﻘﺸﻪ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬
‫ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ و در ﺻﻮرت ﻟﺰوم ﻣﻴﺘﻮان آن را ﺗﺎ ﺣﺪي ﻛﻪ‬
‫ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ اﻟﺰاﻣﺎت ﭘﺮوژه ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺻﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ اﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﻧﻤﻮد و ﻳﺎ اﮔﺮ‬
‫ﻣﺤﺪودﻳﺖ ﻫﺎي ﻣﻌﻴﻨﻲ اﺟﺎزه ﺗﻌﺮﻳﺾ ﺟﺎده اﺧﺘﺼﺎﺻﻲ ﺗﺎ ﭘﻬﻨﺎي‬
‫اﻳﺪه آل و ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻴﺎز را ﻧﺪﻫﺪ ﺑﺎ اﺧﺬ ﺗﺄﻳﻴﺪ از ﻛﺎرﻓﺮﻣﺎ آن را ﻛﻢ‬
:‫ﻧﻤﻮد‬
:‫اﻟﻒ( ﺑﺮاي ﺧﻄﻮط ﻟﻮﻟﻪ روي زﻣﻴﻨﻲ در ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻫﻤﻮار‬
a) For above ground pipelines in flat areas:
For DN 150 (NPS 6) and below
25 m
‫ ﻣﺘﺮ‬25
40 m
‫ ﻣﺘﺮ‬40
For DN 200 (NPS 8) up to and
including DN 650 (NPS 26)
For above DN 650 (NPS 26) and
based on 1 to 3 lines per track
‫ ﻣﺘﺮ‬60
60 m
‫ب( ﺑﺮاي ﻟﻮﻟﻪﻫﺎي روي زﻣﻴﻨﻲ در ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺗﭙﻪاي و‬
b) For above ground pipelines in hilly and
mountainous areas:
For DN 400 (NPS 16) and below
21 m
For above DN 400 (NPS 16)
24 m
‫ اﻳﻨﭻ( و ﻛﻤﺘﺮ‬6) 150 ‫ﺑﺮاي ﻗﻄﺮ اﺳﻤﻲ‬
‫ اﻳﻨﭻ ( ﺗﺎ و‬8) 200 ‫ﺑﺮاي ﻗﻄﺮ اﺳﻤﻲ‬
(‫ اﻳﻨﭻ‬26 ) 650 ‫ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻗﻄﺮ اﺳﻤﻲ‬
‫ اﻳﻨﭻ ( و‬26 ) 650 ‫ﺑﺮاي ﻗﻄﺮ اﺳﻤﻲ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ از‬
‫ﺑﺮ ﻣﺒﻨﺎي ﻳﻚ ﺗﺎ ﺳﻪ ﺧﻂ در ﻫﺮ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ‬
‫ ﻣﺘﺮ‬21
‫ ﻣﺘﺮ‬24
28
:‫ﻛﻮﻫﺴﺘﺎﻧﻲ‬
‫ اﻳﻨﭻ( و ﻛﻤﺘﺮ‬16) 400 ‫ﺑﺮاي ﻗﻄﺮ اﺳﻤﻲ‬
(‫ اﻳﻨﭻ‬16) 400 ‫ﺑﺮاي ﻗﻄﺮ اﺳﻤﻲ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ از‬
Jul. 2009 / 1388 ‫ﺗﻴﺮ‬
c) For buried pipelines, widths of right-of-way
should be as per IPS-D-PI-143, unless
otherwise specified.
IPS-E-PI-140(1)
‫ج( ﺑﺮاي ﺧﻄﻮط ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻣﺪﻓﻮن ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد ﻛﻪ ﻋﺮض ﺟﺎده‬
،‫ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬IPS-D-PI-143 ‫اﺧﺘﺼﺎﺻﻲ ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻧﻘﺸﻪ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬
.‫ﻣﮕﺮ آﻧﻜﻪ ﭼﻴﺰ دﻳﮕﺮي ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
:‫ﻳﺎدآوريﻫﺎ‬
Notes:
1) When several pipelines have to be installed
in the same trench, the minimum separation
between 2 adjacent pipelines shall be 0.3 m.
‫( وﻗﺘﻲ ﻛﻪ ﭼﻨﺪﻳﻦ ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ از ﻳﻚ ﻛﺎﻧﺎل ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻋﺒﻮر‬1
2) The crossing of existing pipelines, cables,
power lines, roads, railways and waterways
should be at an angle between 90 and 60
degrees.
،‫ ﻛﺎﺑﻠﻬﺎ‬،‫( در ﻣﺤﻞ ﺗﻘﺎﻃﻊ ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺧﻄﻮط ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻣﻮﺟﻮد‬2
‫ راه آﻫﻦ و آﺑﺮاﻫﻪ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ‬،‫ ﺟﺎده ﻫﺎ‬، ‫ﺧﻄﻮط ﺑﺮق ﻓﺸﺎر ﻗﻮي‬
.‫ درﺟﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬90 ‫ ﺗﺎ‬60 ‫ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد ﻛﻪ زاوﻳﻪ ﺗﻘﺎﻃﻊ ﺑﻴﻦ‬
3) When installing a pipeline along power
lines, the horizontal distance from any of the
power cables and posts should be at least 4 m
for power lines up to 63 kV and 10 m for
power lines above 63 kV.
،‫( اﮔﺮ ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ در ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﺧﻄﻮط ﺑﺮق ﻓﺸﺎر ﻗﻮي ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬3
‫ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد ﻛﻪ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ اﻓﻘﻲ آن از ﻫﺮ ﻳﻚ از ﻛﺎﺑﻠﻬﺎ و‬
‫ ﻣﺘﺮ و در‬4 ‫ ﻛﻴﻠﻮ وﻟﺖ ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ‬63 ‫دﻛﻠﻬﺎي ﺑﺮق ﺑﺮاي وﻟﺘﺎژ ﺗﺎ‬
.‫ ﻣﺘﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬10 ‫ ﻛﻴﻠﻮ وﻟﺖ ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ‬63 ‫وﻟﺘﺎژﻫﺎي ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ از‬
‫ ﻣﺘﺮ‬0/3 ‫ ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺑﻴﻦ دو ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻣﺠﺎور ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬،‫ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ‬
.‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺎت‬2-5-9
9.5.2 Other considerations
The longitudinal slope of right-of-way should not
exceed 22%. However, for short distances (less
than 1 km), the longitudinal slope of the right-ofway may be up to 30% in which case the service
roads with maximum longitudinal slope of 22%
should be considered for access to these sections.
In high longitudinal slope and depending on depth
of trench coverage and type of soil and seasonal
inundation where pipeline may lose its full
restraint, it should be ensured that the equivalent
stresses in the pipe wall are within acceptable
limits or else remedial provisions are considered
to reduce or eliminate longitudinal forces due to
effective component of the dead weight of the
pipeline and its content.
‫ درﺻﺪ ﺗﺠﺎوز‬22 ‫ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد ﺷﻴﺐ ﻃﻮﻟﻲ ﺟﺎده اﺧﺘﺼﺎﺻﻲ از‬
(‫ در ﻓﻮاﺻﻞ ﻛﻮﺗﺎه )ﻛﻤﺘﺮ از ﻳﻚ ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮ‬،‫ ﺑﺎ اﻳﻦ وﺟﻮد‬.‫ﻧﻨﻤﺎﻳﺪ‬
‫ درﺻﺪ ﻫﻢ ﺑﺮﺳﺪ‬30 ‫ﺷﻴﺐ ﻃﻮﻟﻲ ﺟﺎده اﺧﺘﺼﺎﺻﻲ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﻛﻪ در اﻳﻦ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺑﺮاي دﺳﺘﺮﺳﻲ ﺑﻪ اﻳﻦ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻫﺎ ﺟﺎده ﻫﺎي‬
.‫ در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬225 ‫دﺳﺘﺮﺳﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺷﻴﺐ ﻃﻮﻟﻲ ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ‬
‫ ﻧﻮع‬،‫ ﺑﺎ در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﻋﻤﻖ دﻓﻦ‬،‫در ﺷﻴﺐ ﻫﺎي ﻃﻮﻟﻲ ﺗﻨﺪ‬
‫ﺧﺎك و وﺟﻮد ﺳﻴﻼب ﻫﺎي ﻓﺼﻠﻲ ﻛﻪ اﻣﻜﺎن دارد ﺑﺎﻋﺚ از ﺟﺎ‬
‫ ﺑﻬﺘﺮ اﺳﺖ اﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎن ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﮔﺮدد ﻛﻪ‬،‫ﻛﻨﺪه ﺷﺪن ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
‫ﺗﻨﺶ ﻫﺎي ﻣﻌﺎدل در دﻳﻮاره ﻟﻮﻟﻪ در ﻣﺤﺪوده ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻗﺒﻮل ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻳﺎ‬
‫ﺗﺪاﺑﻴﺮ ﺗﺮﻣﻴﻤﻲ اﻧﺪﻳﺸﻴﺪه ﺷﻮد ﺗﺎ ﻧﻴﺮوﻫﺎي ﻃﻮﻟﻲ وارد ﺑﺮ ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ‬
.‫ﺣﺎﺻﻞ از وزن ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ و ﻣﺤﺘﻮي آن را ﻛﻢ ﻳﺎ ﺣﺬف ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‬
The design of right-of-way should comply with
line bending specification and also civil
construction standard specification IPS-C-CE-112
(Earthworks).
‫ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺟﺎده اﺧﺘﺼﺎﺻﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت ﺧﻢ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ‬
‫ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻘﺖ‬IPS-C-CE-112 ‫و ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬
.‫داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
10.
PIPELINE
MARKING
PROTECTION
‫ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ و ﻋﻼﻣﺖ ﮔﺬاري ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ‬-10
AND
‫ ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻪ دﻓﻦ‬1-10
10.1 Burial Philosophy
‫ ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ و‬،‫ﺑﺮاي ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ از ﺻﺪﻣﺎت ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ‬
‫ ﻏﻠﻄﻴﺪن و ﻏﻴﺮه و ﺟﻬﺖ‬،‫ آﺗﺶ ﺳﻮزي‬،‫آب و ﻫﻮاﺋﻲ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻋﺎدي‬
‫ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻً ﺧﻄﻮط ﻟﻮﻟﻪ‬،‫اﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎن از اﻳﻨﻜﻪ آﻧﻬﺎ ﻛﺎﻣﻼً ﻣﻬﺎر ﺷﺪهاﻧﺪ‬
‫ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻳﻚ ﻗﺎﻋﺪه ﻛﻠﻲ ﻛﻪ‬.‫را در زﻳﺮ ﺧﺎك دﻓﻦ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‬
‫ اﻳﻨﭻ( و ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ دﻓﻦ‬16) 400 ‫ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻٌ ﺧﻄﻮط ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻗﻄﺮ اﺳﻤﻲ‬
‫ دﻓﻦ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ را ﻏﻴﺮ ﻋﻤﻠﻲ ﺳﺎزد‬،‫ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻣﮕﺮ آﻧﻜﻪ ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ زﻣﻴﻦ‬
Pipelines are normally buried to protect them
from mechanical damage, unusual environmental
and climatical conditions, fires, tampering, etc.
and to assure that they are fully restrained. As a
general rule, pipelines of DN 400 (NPS 16) and
larger should normally be buried unless the terrain
would make burial impracticable or the length is
29
Jul. 2009 / 1388 ‫ﺗﻴﺮ‬
too short to justify burial advantages. Pipelines of
DN 300 (NPS 12) and smaller and short life
pipelines of all sizes (such as flowlines) may be
laid above ground unless there are good reasons
for burial; e.g. process requirements or where
protection from diurnal temperature variation is
necessary or where the line passes through
populated areas, etc.
IPS-E-PI-140(1)
‫و ﻳﺎ اﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﻃﻮل ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻗﺪري ﻛﻮﺗﺎه ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺰاﻳﺎي دﻓﻦ‬
(‫ اﻳﻨﭻ‬12) 300 ‫ ﺧﻄﻮط ﺑﺎ ﻗﻄﺮ اﺳﻤﻲ‬.‫ﻛﺮدن ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻮﺟﻴﻪ ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫و ﻛﻤﺘﺮ و ﺑﺎ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻛﻮﺗﺎه در ﺗﻤﺎم اﻧﺪازه ﻫﺎ ) ﻣﺜﻞ ﺧﻄﻮط‬
‫ ﻣﮕﺮ آﻧﻜﻪ دﻻﻳﻞ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ‬.‫ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻧﻲ( ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮاﻧﻨﺪ رو زﻣﻴﻨﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬
‫ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ در ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮات روزاﻧﻪ‬،‫ﻗﺒﻮﻟﻲ ﻣﺜﻞ اﻟﺰاﻣﺎت ﻓﺮآﻳﻨﺪي‬
‫دﻣﺎ ﻳﺎ ﮔﺬر از ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻬﺎي ﻣﺴﻜﻮﻧﻲ و ﻧﻈﺎﻳﺮ آن ﺑﺮاي دﻓﻦ وﺟﻮد‬
.‫داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ اﻧﺪازه ﻫﺎي ﻛﺎﻧﺎل ﻟﻮﻟﻪ‬2-10
10.2 Trench Dimensions
‫ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﻋﻤﻖ دﻓﻦ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﺷﺪه ﺑﺮاي ﺧﻄﻮط ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻣﺪﻓﻮن در‬
841.142 ‫ اﻳﻦ ﺟﺪول از ﺑﻨﺪ‬.‫ داده ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ‬3 ‫ﺟﺪول‬
‫ اﻗﺘﺒﺎس ﺷﺪه و ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر اﻳﻤﻨﻲ‬ASME B 31.8 ‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬
.‫ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮاﺗﻲ در آن داده ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ‬
The recommended minimum covers are given in
Table 3, based on ASME B 31.8 Article 841.142
but with some modifications for increased safety
margins.
TABLE 3 - RECOMMENDED MINIMUM COVER FOR BURIED PIPELINES
‫ ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﻋﻤﻖ دﻓﻦ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﺷﺪه ﺑﺮاي ﺧﻄﻮط ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻣﺪﻓﻮن‬-3 ‫ﺟﺪول‬
13
Class 1
Class 2
Class 3 & 4
LOCAL
MINIMUM COVER (m)
IN NORMAL GROUND
‫ﻣﺤﻞ‬
‫ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﻋﻤﻖ دﻓﻦ )ﻣﺘﺮ( در زﻣﻴﻨﻬﺎي ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻟﻲ‬
1 ‫ﻛﻼس‬
2 ‫ﻛﻼس‬
4 ‫ و‬3 ‫ﻛﻼس‬
Public road and railway crossings
‫ﺗﻘﺎﻃﻊ ﺑﺎ ﺟﺎده ﻫﺎي ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ و راه آﻫﻦ‬
MINIMUM COVER (m)
IN ROCK REQUIRING BLASTING
‫ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﻋﻤﻖ دﻓﻦ )ﻣﺘﺮ( در زﻣﻴﻨـﻬﺎي ﺻﺨﺮهاي‬
‫ﻧﻴﺎزﻣﻨﺪ اﻧﻔﺠﺎر‬
0.9
0.6
1.0
0.8
1.2
1.0
2
2
:‫ﻳﺎدآوري ﻫﺎ‬
Notes:
‫( ﻣﻨﻈﻮر از ﻋﻤﻖ دﻓﻦ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺳﻄﺢ دﺳﺘﻜﺎري ﻧﺸﺪه ﺗﺎ‬1
.‫روي ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫( ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد ﺑﻴﻦ ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ و ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﺗﺄﺳﻴﺴﺎت‬2
‫ ﻣﺘﺮ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﻋﻤﻮدي ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﮔﺮدد‬0/3 ‫ﻣﺪﻓﻮن ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ‬
‫ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ‬4-3-11 ‫)ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻘﺎﻃﻊ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﺧﻄﻮط ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺑﻨﺪ‬
.(‫ﺷﻮد‬
‫در ﻣﺤﻠﻬﺎي ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺖ ﻧﻴﺎز ﺑﻪ ﻋﻤﻖ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮي ﺑﺮاي‬
‫دﻓﻦ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻣﺜﻞ زﻣﻴﻨﻬﺎي زراﻋﺘﻲ ﺟﺎﺋﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻋﻤﻖ ﺷﻴﺎر ﺷﺨﻢ‬
‫ در ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺣﺎﻻت‬.‫و ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ زﻫﻜﺸﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
‫ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ‬.‫ ﻣﺘﺮ ﺑﺮاي ﻋﻤﻖ دﻓﻦ ﻛﺎﻓﻲ ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ ﺑﻮد‬1/2 ‫ﻋﻤﻘﻲ ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ‬
‫ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد ﻋﺮض ﻛﺎﻧﺎل در ﺗﻤﺎم زﻣﻴﻦ ﻫﺎ از ﺟﻤﻠﻪ زﻣﻴﻨﻬﺎي‬
‫ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ از ﻗﻄﺮ ﺧﺎرﺟﻲ ﺧﻂ‬400 ‫ﺻﺨﺮه اي ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ‬
‫ﻳﺎ ﻋﺎﻳﻖ‬/‫ ﺑﺮاي ﺧﻄﻮط ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داده ﺷﺪه و‬.‫ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ﺑﻨﺪي ﺷﺪه ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد ﻗﻄﺮ ﺧﺎرﺟﻲ روﻛﺶ ﻳﺎ ﻋﺎﻳﻖ ﺑﺮاي‬
.‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﻋﻤﻖ دﻓﻦ در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﻮد‬
1) The cover refers to the undisturbed ground
level to the top of the pipe.
2) A minimum vertical clearance of 0.3 m
should be kept between the pipeline and other
buried structures (see also 11.3.4 for crossing
other pipelines).
Additional depth may be required in certain
locations such as agricultural areas where depth of
ploughing and of drain systems shall be taken into
account. A cover of 1.2 m would be adequate in
most cases. The width of trench should be not less
than 400 mm wider than the pipeline outside
diameter in all ground conditions including rock.
When pipelines are coated and/or insulated, the
outside diameter of coated or insulated pipe
should be assumed as outside diameter for
minimum coverage.
30
Jul. 2009 / 1388 ‫ﺗﻴﺮ‬
IPS-E-PI-140(1)
‫ اﻧﺒﺴﺎط ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ و ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻧﻴﺮوﻫﺎ‬3-10
10.3 Thermal Expansion and other Forces
Buried pipelines operating at very high
temperatures may be prone to upheaval buckling
caused by high compressive loads due to
expansion. In such cases, the depth of burial cover
should be increased to prevent the upheaval
buckling. In general, the recommended cover
depth should be enough to make the pipeline fully
restrained and to contain thermal expansion and
contraction of the pipeline as well as other forces
due to internal pressure and pipeline weight in
slopes. Pipeline anchors should be installed at end
points of buried pipelines and at other locations
where the pipeline rises above ground level for
connections to facilities, etc.
‫ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺪﻓﻮن در ﺳﺮوﻳﺲﻫﺎﺋﻲ ﺑﺎ دﻣﺎي ﺑﺎﻻ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺖ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﻋﻠﺖ ﻧﻴﺮوي ﻓﺸﺎري ﺑﺎﻻ ﺑﻪ وﺟﻮد آﻣﺪه ﺑﺮ اﺛﺮ اﻧﺒﺴﺎط ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ‬
‫ در ﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﺣﺎﻻﺗﻲ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ‬.‫ﺗﺤﺖ ﻛﻤﺎﻧﺶ ﻓﺎﺣﺶ ﻗﺮار ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ‬
‫ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد ﻋﻤﻖ دﻓﻦ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ اﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﺷﻮد ﺗﺎ از اﻳﻦ ﻛﻤﺎﻧﺶ ﻓﺎﺣﺶ‬
‫ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد ﻛﻪ ﺑﻄﻮر ﻛﻠﻲ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ‬.‫ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮي ﮔﺮدد‬
‫ﺧﺎك روي ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺑﻪ اﻧﺪازهاي ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺘﻮاﻧﺪ اﺛﺮات ﻧﻴﺮوﻫﺎي‬
‫ﺣﺎﺻﻞ از اﻧﺒﺴﺎط و اﻧﻘﺒﺎض و ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻧﻴﺮوﻫﺎي وارده ﺑﺮ اﺛﺮ ﻓﺸﺎر‬
‫ دو‬.‫داﺧﻠﻲ و ﻧﻴﺰ وزن ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ در ﺳﺮازﻳﺮي را ﻣﻬﺎر ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‬
‫اﻧﺘﻬﺎي ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ دﻓﻦ ﺷﺪه و ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻧﻘﺎﻃﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺧﻂ ﺟﻬﺖ‬
‫اﺗﺼﺎل ﺑﻪ ﺗﺄﺳﻴﺴﺎت روي زﻣﻴﻦ ﻣﻲ آﻳﻨﺪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ وﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﻟﻨﮕﺮ‬
.‫ﻣﻬﺎر ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
Pipeline anchors should be designed for the
particular application to withstand forces due to
MAIP and temperature variations and to suit the
ground conditions specially where subject to
seasonal inundation or in dry water courses in
high slopes where pipeline dead weight creates
longitudinal stresses.
‫اﻳﻦ ﻟﻨﮕﺮ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺮاي ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد ﻣﺨﺼﻮص ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮد ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺷﻮد ﺗﺎ‬
‫ و ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮات دﻣﺎ را ﺗﺤﻤﻞ‬MAIP ‫ﺑﺘﻮاﻧﺪ ﻧﻴﺮوﻫﺎي وارده از‬
‫ﻧﻤﻮده و ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺎ ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ زﻣﻴﻦ ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺻﺎً در ﻣﺴﻴﺮﻫﺎي‬
‫ ﺷﻴﺐ ﻫﺎي‬، ‫ﺳﻴﻼب ﻫﺎي ﻓﺼﻠﻲ و ﻳﺎ ﻣﺠﺎري آب ﺧﺸﻚ ﺷﺪه‬
‫ ﻣﺤﻠﻲ ﻛﻪ وزن ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺗﻨﺶ ﻫﺎي ﻃﻮﻟﻲ‬،‫ﺗﻨﺪ‬
.‫ﻣﻲﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ ﺧﻄﻮط ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺪﻓﻮن‬4-10
10.4 Non-Buried Pipelines
‫ﻛﻠﻴﻪ ﻗﺴﻤﺘﻬﺎي ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺪﻓﻮن ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ‬
‫ﻣﺨﺘﺺ ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮد ﻣﻮرد ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ و از اﻳﻦ رو ﺑﻌﻠﺖ‬
‫ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮي از ﺧﻮردﮔﻲ ﺧﺎرﺟﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺤﻮي ﻧﺼﺐ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ‬
.‫ﻫﻤﻴﺸﻪ از ﺗﻤﺎس آن ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ زﻣﻴﻦ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮي ﺷﻮد‬
IPS-G-PI-280 ‫ﻧﮕﻬﺪارﻧﺪهﻫﺎي ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬
.‫ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
‫ارﺗﻔﺎع ﻧﮕﻬﺪارﻧﺪه ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺎ ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﻣﺤﻠﻲ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب‬
‫ﺷﻮﻧﺪ اﻣﺎ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد ﺑﻪ ﺣﺪي ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻛﻒ ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ از‬
.‫ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬300 ‫ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺳﻴﻞ ﺛﺒﺖ ﺷﺪه‬
‫ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد ﻛﻪ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻٌ ﺧﻄﻮط ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺪﻓﻮن ﺑﻪ ﺷﻜﻞ‬
‫زﻳﮕﺰاك ﻧﺼﺐ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﺗﺎ از اﺛﺮات اﻧﺒﺴﺎط و اﻧﻘﺒﺎض ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ‬
1 ‫ ﺷﻜﻞ زﻳﮕﺰاك ﻣﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺖ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﺑﺎ ﺷﻜﻞ‬.‫ﻣﺼﻮن ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬
‫ ﺑﻬﺮ ﺣﺎل در ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﺧﺎص ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد ﻛﻪ ﺷﻜﻞ‬.‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
.‫ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﺑﺎ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺷﻮد‬
Any non-buried pipeline sections shall be justified
on an individual basis and hence shall be installed
in such a way that stay clear of the ground all the
time to avoid external corrosion. Pipe supports
should
be
designed
in
accordance
with
IPS-G-PI-280.
The height of supports should be chosen to suit
local conditions but should be sufficient to keep
the bottom of pipeline at least 300 mm above the
highest recorded flood level.
Non-buried pipelines should normally be laid in a
zigzag configuration to cater for the effect of
thermal expansion and contraction. The zigzag
configuration may be in accordance with Fig. 1.
However, for specific cases, the correct
configuration should be determined by
appropriate design.
‫ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ‬،‫ﺟﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ از ﺷﻜﻞ زﻳﮕﺰاك ﻧﺘﻮان اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻧﻤﻮد‬
‫ﻣﻲﺷﻮد ﻛﻪ روش ﻫﺎي ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺰﻳﻦ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻣﻬﺎر ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ از‬
‫ﻫﺮﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ )ﺑﻌﻨﻮان ﻣﺜﺎل در ﻓﻮاﺻﻞ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از‬
‫ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﺗﺎ از اﺛﺮﮔﺬاري اﻧﺒﺴﺎط و اﻧﻘﺒﺎض ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ و‬،(‫ﻟﻨﮕﺮ ﻛﺎﻓﻲ‬
‫ در ﻛﻠﻴﻪ‬.‫ﻧﻴﺰ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻧﻴﺮوﻫﺎي ﻣﺘﺪاول ﻏﺎﻟﺐ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮي ﺷﻮد‬
‫اﺗﺼﺎﻻت ﻧﻬﺎﺋﻲ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺪﻓﻮن ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﺗﺄﺳﻴﺴﺎت و ﻳﺎ‬
Where zigzag configuration is not or can not be
employed, alternative means, such as fully
restraining the pipeline from movements (e.g. by
adequate anchoring at appropriate intervals),
should be provided to contain thermal expansion
and contraction as well as other prevailing forces.
Pipeline anchors should be considered for non31
Jul. 2009 / 1388 ‫ﺗﻴﺮ‬
buried pipelines at all tie-in connections to other
facilities and at other positions where restraint
may be necessary.
IPS-E-PI-140(1)
‫در ﻧﻘﺎﻃﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻧﻴﺎز ﺑﻪ ﻣﻬﺎر ﻛﺮدن ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ اﺳﺖ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ‬
.‫ﻣﻲﺷﻮد ﻛﻪ از ﻟﻨﮕﺮﻫﺎي ﻣﻬﺎرﻛﻨﻨﺪه اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﻮد‬
‫در ﺳﺮازﻳﺮي ﺗﭙﻪ ﻫﺎ و در ﻫﺮ ﻣﺤﻠﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻴﺎز اﺳﺖ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬
‫ﻟﻨﮕﺮﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ و ﻧﺼﺐ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﺗﺎ از ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻣﻜﺎن ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ‬
‫ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮي ﻧﻤﻮده و ﺗﻨﺶ ﻫﺎي ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﻲ در دﻳﻮاره ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ را در‬
‫ در ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺗﻨﺶ ﻫﺎي ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﻲ‬.‫ﻣﺤﺪوده ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻗﺒﻮل ﻧﮕﻪ دارد‬
‫ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد ﻛﻪ ﺗﻨﺶ ﻫﺎي ﻃﻮﻟﻲ ﺑﻮﺟﻮد آﻣﺪه در دﻳﻮاره‬
.‫ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺑﺮ اﺛﺮ وزن ﺧﻂ و ﻣﺤﺘﻮي آن را ﻧﻴﺰ در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﻮد‬
Hillside anchors shall be designed, as and where
required and shall be installed on steep hills to
restrain pipeline movement and to keep the
combined stresses in the pipeline wall within the
acceptable limits. The effect of the weight of the
pipeline and its contents on the longitudinal stress
in the pipeline wall should be considered in
calculating the combined stresses.
‫ ﻣﺤﺎﻓﻈﺖ در ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﺧﻮردﮔﻲ‬5-10
10.5 Corrosion Protection
‫ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻳﻚ ﻗﺎﻋﺪه ﻛﻠﻲ در ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ آب و ﻫﻮاﺋﻲ ﺧﺸﻚ‬
‫ﻧﻴﺎزي ﺑﻪ اﻋﻤﺎل ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺿﺪ ﺧﻮردﮔﻲ روي ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ‬
‫ ﺑﻪ ﻫﺮ ﺣﺎل وﻗﺘﻲ ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﺟﻮي‬.‫زﻣﻴﻦ ﺗﻤﺎس ﻧﺪارﻧﺪ ﻧﻤﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ﻳﺎ ﺧﺎك ﻃﻮري ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ اﻣﻜﺎن ﺧﻮردﮔﻲ ﺧﺎرﺟﻲ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ وﺟﻮد‬
‫داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ در اﻳﻦ ﺻﻮرت ﻳﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ اﺿﺎﻓﻲ )ﺧﻮردﮔﻲ‬
‫ﻣﺠﺎز( ﺑﺮاي دﻳﻮاره ﻟﻮﻟﻪ در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ ﻳﺎ روي آن ﭘﻮﺷﺶ‬
.‫ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺿﺪ ﺧﻮردﮔﻲ اﻋﻤﺎل ﻧﻤﻮد‬
‫ﺟﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻗﺴﻤﺘﻬﺎﻳﻲ از ﺧﻄﻮط ﻟﻮﻟﻪ روي زﻣﻴﻨﻲ دﻓﻦ‬
، ( ‫ راه آﻫﻦ و ﻳﺎ رودﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ‬، ‫ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ )ﻣﺜﻞ ﺗﻘﺎﻃﻊ ﺑﺎ ﺟﺎده‬
‫ﺑــﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داده ﺷـــﺪه و ﻃﺒـﻖ‬
‫ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﻛﺎﺗﺪي ﮔﺮدد و ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ‬IPS-E-TP-820
.‫ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻫﺎي ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ از ﻟﺤﺎظ اﻟﻜﺘﺮﻳﻜﻲ ﻋﺎﻳﻖ ﺷﻮد‬
‫آن ﻗــﺴﻤﺘﻬﺎﻳﻲ از ﺧــﻂ ﻟﻮﻟــﻪ ﻛــﻪ از ﺑــﺎﻻي ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻧــﺎت آﺑــﻲ و‬
‫رودﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﻫـﺎ ﻋﺒـﻮر داده ﻣﻴـﺸﻮﻧﺪ ﺗﻮﺻـﻴﻪ ﻣـﻲ ﺷـﻮد ﻛـﻪ ﺑـﻪ‬
‫ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺟﻠـﻮﮔﻴﺮي از ﺧـﻮردﮔﻲ ﺑـﺮ اﺛـﺮ اﻳﺠـﺎد ﻗﻄـﺮات ﺑﺨـﺎر‬
.‫ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺧﺎرﺟﻲ آن ﻫﺎ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داده ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬،‫آب‬
‫در ﻣﺤﻞ ﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺧﻄﻮط ﻟﻮﻟﻪ روي زﻣﻴﻨﻲ از داﺧﻞ ﻣﺠﺎري‬
‫آﺑﮕﺬر ﻳﺎ زﻳﺮ ﭘﻠﻬﺎ ﻋﺒﻮر داده ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ )ﻛﻪ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻً در ﻣﻮاﻗﻊ‬
‫ﻳﺎ ﻣﺤﻞ ﻋﺒﻮر آﺑﻬﺎي‬/‫ﺗﻘﺎﻃﻊ ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺟﺎدهﻫﺎي اﺻﻠﻲ و‬
‫ﺳﻄﺤﻲ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ( ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﻣﺤﺎﻓﻈﺖ در ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﭘﺎﺷﺶ آب ﻳﺎ‬
.‫ﻣﺎﺳﻪ و ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ذرات ﺑﻄﻮر ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داده ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
‫ﺳﻄﺢ ﺧﺎرﺟﻲ ﻛﻠﻴﻪ ﺧﻄﻮط ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻓﻠﺰي ﻣﺪﻓﻮن از ﺟﻤﻠﻪ از‬
‫ﺟﻨﺲ دوﺑﻠﻜﺲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﺤﺖ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺿﺪﺧﻮردﮔﻲ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻗﺮار‬
‫ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ و ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﻛﺎﺗﺪي ﺷﻮﻧﺪ و از ﻧﻈﺮ ﻋﺒﻮر ﺟﺮﻳﺎن‬
‫اﻟﻜﺘﺮﻳﻜﻲ ﺑﻪ واﺣﺪﻫﺎ ﻳﺎ ﺗﺄﺳﻴﺴﺎﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ آﻧﻬﺎ وﺻﻞ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد‬
.‫ﻋﺎﻳﻖ اﻟﻜﺘﺮﻳﻜﻲ ﮔﺮدد‬
‫ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﻛﺎﺗﺪي ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻃﺒﻖ اﺳﺘـﺎﻧﺪارد‬
.‫ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﻮد‬IPS-E-TP-820
‫ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻫﺎي ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺘﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻮع ﺧﺎك و ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ‬
.‫ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬IPS-E-TP-270 ‫ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ و ﻃﺒﻖ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬
As a general rule, in normally dry climates, no
external anti-corrosion coating is required for
above-ground pipelines which are supported clear
of the ground. However, where the climatic
conditions or the ground are such that external
corrosion may occur, either a corrosion allowance
on the pipe wall thickness may be required or,
alternatively, a suitable anti-corrosion coating
should be considered.
Where sections of above-ground pipelines are to
be buried (e.g. road, railway or river crossings),
the buried sections shall be suitably coated,
cathodically protected and electrically isolated
from the rest of the pipeline in accordance with
IPS-E-TP-820.
Those sections of pipeline which pass above
waterways and rivers should be externally coated
for protection against corrosion caused by
condensation of water vapor on the pipeline
exterior.
Where above-ground pipelines pass through
culverts or below bridges (which are normally for
pipelines crossing the main roads and/or for
surface water passages), these sections of the lines
shall be suitably coated for protection against
splashing water and blown sand and dirt.
All metallic buried pipelines including duplex
material pipelines, shall be coated externally by a
suitable anti-corrosion coating, supplemented by
cathodic protection and electrically isolated from
the plants and facilities to which they are
connected.
The design of cathodic protection systems shall be
carried out in accordance with IPS-E-TP-820.
Protective coatings shall be selected to suit the
soil and other environmental conditions and shall
comply with IPS-E-TP-270.
32
Jul. 2009 / 1388 ‫ﺗﻴﺮ‬
10.6 Pipeline Markers
‫ ﻧﺸﺎﻧﮕﺮﻫﺎي ﺧﻄﻮط ﻟﻮﻟﻪ‬6-10
‫ﻣﺤﻞ ﻟﻮﻟﻪﻫﺎي ﻣﺪﻓﻮن ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺼﻮرت واﺿﺢ ﺑﺎ ﻧﺸﺎﻧﮕﺮﻫﺎ‬
‫ در ﻣﺤﻠﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ اﺣﺘﻤﺎل ﺻﺪﻣﻪ رﺳﻴﺪن ﺑﻪ‬.‫ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
‫ﺧﻄﻮط ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺧﺎﻛﺒﺮدارﻫﺎي ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ و ﻳﺎ ﻟﻨﮕﺮ ﻗﺎﻳﻖ ﻫﺎ‬
‫)در ﺗﻘﺎﻃﻊ ﺑﺎ رودﺧﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎ( زﻳﺎد اﺳﺖ ﺟﻬﺖ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ آوردن‬
‫اﺣﺘﻤﺎل اﻳﻦ ﻧﻮع ﺻﺪﻣﺎت ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮد ﻛﻪ ﻋﻼﺋﻢ ﻫﺸﺪار‬
‫ در ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﺧﻄﻮط ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻣﺪﻓﻮن‬.‫دﻫﻨﺪه اﺿﺎﻓﻲ ﻧﺼﺐ ﮔﺮدد‬
‫ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮد ﻛﻪ در ﻣﺤﻠﻬﺎي زﻳﺮ ﻧﺸﺎﻧﮕﺮﻫﺎي ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ‬
:‫ﻧﺼﺐ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
The location of buried pipelines shall be clearly
identified by markers. In areas where the risk of
interference
or
disturbance
IPS-E-PI-140(1)
by
mechanical
excavators or boat anchors (at river crossings) is
high, additional warning signs should be installed
to lower the risk. Pipeline markers should be
installed at the following locations along buried
pipelines:
a) At one kilometer interval.
.‫اﻟﻒ( در ﻓﻮاﺻﻞ ﻳﻚ ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮي‬
b) At all major changes in direction of the
pipeline.
.‫ب( در ﺗﻤﺎم ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻣﺴﻴﺮﻫﺎي ﻋﻤﺪه ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ‬
c) At both sides of every road, railway and
under-water crossings.
‫ آب‬،‫ راه آﻫﻦ‬،‫ج( در ﻫﺮ دو ﻃﺮف ﺗﻘﺎﻃﻊ ﺑﺎ ﺟﺎده ﻫﺎ‬
.‫راﻫﻬﺎي زﻳﺮزﻣﻴﻨﻲ‬
d) At changes in wall thickness or material.
.‫د( در ﻣﺤﻞ ﻫﺎي ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺟﻨﺲ ﻳﺎ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ دﻳﻮاره ﻟﻮﻟﻪ‬
.‫ﻫ( در اﻧﺸﻌﺎﺑﺎت‬
‫و( در ﻣﺤﻞ اﺗﺼﺎﻻت و ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎي ﻣﺪﻓﻮن ﻣﺜﻞ ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎي‬
‫ ﻟﺠﻦ ﮔﻴﺮﻫﺎ‬،‫ اﻧﺸﻌﺎﺑﺎت ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ‬،‫ اﻧﺸﻌﺎﺑﺎت ﻫﻮاﮔﻴﺮي‬،‫ﻳﻜﻄﺮﻓﻪ‬
.‫و ﻏﻴﺮه‬
‫ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮد ﻛﻪ ﺟﺰﺋﻴﺎت ﺳﺎﺧﺖ و ﻧﺼﺐ ﻃﺒﻖ ﻧﻘﺸﻪ‬
.‫ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬IPS-D-TP-712 ‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬
e) At branches.
f) At buried valves and fittings such as check
valves, vents, drains, slug-catchers, etc.
Fabrication and installation details should be as
per Standard Drawing No. IPS-D-TP-712
‫ ﺗﻘﺎﻃﻊ ﻫﺎ‬-11
11. CROSSINGS
‫ ﺗﻘﺎﻃﻊ ﺑﺎ رودﺧﺎﻧﻪ‬1-11
11.1 River Crossings
11.1.1 Where pipeline has to cross a major river,
careful studies shall be carried out as to determine
the most suitable way of crossing which will
ensure maximum reliability during the pipeline
operating life with minimum maintenance
problems. The selection of the most suitable
location and type of crossing should be based on
the survey results and information on geotechnical
and hydroclimatological conditions and other
prevailing environmental issues. The migration of
the river course should also receive particular
attention.
‫ وﻗﺘﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻳﻚ رودﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﺰرگ را ﻗﻄﻊ‬1-1-11
11.1.2 Elevated pipe supports should be high
enough to carry the line at least 300 mm clear of
highest flood level (oldest available return
conditions). This clearance should be increased if
there is likelihood of large floating objects being
carried by flood water and where the river is
navigable. Elevated pipe supports should be
‫ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد ﻛﻪ ارﺗﻔﺎع ﻧﮕﻬﺪارﻧﺪه ﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺪي‬2-1-11
‫ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﺘﺮﻳﻦ راه ﺑﺮاي اﻧﺠﺎم ﺗﻘﺎﻃﻊ ﻛﻪ‬،‫ﻛﻨﺪ‬
‫ﺗﻮاﻧﺎﻳﻲ ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ را ﺑﺮاي ﻛﺎر ﻛﺮد ﻣﻄﻤﺌﻦ در ﻣﺪت زﻣﺎن ﻋﻤﺮ‬
،‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺗﻲ و ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﻣﺸﻜﻼت ﻧﮕﻬﺪاري را ﺗﻀﻤﻴﻦ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‬
‫ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد ﻛﻪ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب‬.‫ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت دﻗﻴﻘﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﻮد‬
‫ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﺤﻞ و ﻧﻮع ﺗﻘﺎﻃﻊ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺒﻨﺎي ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺑﺮرﺳﻴﻬﺎي‬
‫اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪه و اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﺑﺪﺳﺖ آﻣﺪه از ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ژﺋﻮﺗﻜﻨﻴﻜﻲ و‬
.‫وﺿﻌﻴﺖ آب و ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﺎت زﻳﺴﺖ ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ ﻣﺘﺪاول‬
‫ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎﺋﻲ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ رودﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﻮرد ﺗﻮﺟﻪ‬
.‫ﺧﺎص ﻗﺮار ﮔﻴﺮد‬
‫ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ از ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﺳﻄﺢ‬300‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ‬
‫ﺳﻴﻞ )ﻗﺪﻳﻤﻲ ﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺖ ﻣﻮﺟﻮد( ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ داﺷﺘﻪ‬
‫ اﮔﺮ اﺣﺘﻤﺎل اﻳﻨﻜﻪ اﺟﺴﺎم ﺷﻨﺎور ﺑﺰرگ ﻫﻤﺮاه ﺳﻴﻞ‬.‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ و ﻳﺎ اﻳﻨﻜﻪ رودﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻛﺸﺘﻴﺮاﻧﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ اﻳﻦ‬
‫ اﻳﻦ ﻧﮕﻬﺪارﻧﺪه ﻫﺎي ﻣﺮﺗﻔﻊ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬.‫ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﻳﺎﺑﺪ‬
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IPS-E-PI-140(1)
designed to suit the particular circumstances and
be strong to withstand the forces imposed on them
by flood water and the objects which are carried
by the flood and may be caught by the supports.
In wide rivers and where there are possibilities of
torrential flood, pipe bridges are preferred to
single pipe supports. If pipeline is to be
cathodically protected, means of isolating the
pipeline from the supports should be considered.
‫ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺎ ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﻣﺨﺼﻮص ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ و ﺑﻪ ﻗﺪري ﻣﻘﺎوم‬
‫ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻧﻴﺮوﻫﺎي وارده از ﻃﺮف ﺳﻴﻞ و ﻳﺎ اﺟﺴﺎم ﺷﻨﺎور‬
‫ در‬.‫ﻫﻤﺮاه ﺳﻴﻞ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ آﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺮﺧﻮرد ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ را ﺗﺤﻤﻞ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ‬
‫رودﺧﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﻋﺮﻳﺾ و در ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ اﻣﻜﺎن وﻗﻮع ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻧﺎت‬
‫ ﺗﺮﺟﻴﺢ داده ﻣﻴﺸﻮد ﺑﻪ ﺟﺎي‬،‫ﺳﻴﻞ آﺳﺎ وﺟﻮد دارد‬
‫ اﮔﺮ ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ‬.‫ﻧﮕﻬﺪارﻧﺪهﻫﺎي ﻣﻨﻔﺮد ﻟﻮﻟﻪ از ﭘﻞ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﻮد‬
‫ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد ﻛﻪ وﺳﺎﻳﻞ ﻋﺎﻳﻖ‬،‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﻛﺎﺗﺪي ﺷﻮد‬
‫ﻛﺮدن ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ از ﻧﮕﻬﺪارﻧﺪه از ﻧﻈﺮ اﻟﻜﺘﺮﻳﻜﻲ ﻣﺪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻗﺮار‬
.‫ﮔﻴﺮد‬
11.1.3 The sections of pipelines laid under the
river bed should be coated and wrapped in
accordance with IPS-E-TP-270 and cathodically
protected in accordance with IPS-E-TP-820.
‫ ﻗﺴﻤﺘﻬﺎﻳﻲ از ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻛﻪ زﻳﺮ ﺑﺴﺘﺮ رودﺧﺎﻧﻪ‬3-1-11
‫ﺧﻮاﺑﺎﻧﺪه ﻣﻲﺷﻮد و ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮد ﻃﺒﻖ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬
‫ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ و ﻧﻮار ﭘﻴﺠﻲ ﺷﻮد و ﻃﺒﻖ‬IPS-E-TP-270
.‫ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﻛﺎﺗﺪي ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬IPS-E-TP-820 ‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬
‫ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد ﻛﻪ ﻗﺴﻤﺘﻬﺎﻳﻲ از ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻛﻪ در‬4-1-11
11.1.4 The sections of pipeline laid in trenches in
the river bed should be weight coated to give the
necessary negative buoyancy to the pipeline to
fully restrain the pipeline in position at all times,
during construction, operation and while shut
down for maintenance or inspection. The weight
coating should normally be designed to maintain
pipeline stability in mud of specific gravity 1.2. In
any case, the nature of the river bed should be
taken into account in determination of required
weight.
‫ﻛﺎﻧﺎل ﻫﺎي ﻟﻮﻟﻪ در ﻛﻒ رودﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﺧﻮاﺑﺎﻧﺪه ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ‬
‫وزﻧﻪ اي داده ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﺑﻄﻮري ﻛﻪ ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺷﻨﺎوري ﻣﻨﻔﻲ ﻻزم را‬
‫ ﺳﺮوﻳﺲ‬،‫ ﺿﻤﻦ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت اﺟﺮاﻳﻲ‬،‫داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ و در ﺗﻤﺎم اوﻗﺎت‬
‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺗﻲ و زﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺑﺎزرﺳﻲ و ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮ از ﺳﺮوﻳﺲ ﺧﺎرج‬
‫ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد ﻛﻪ‬.‫اﺳﺖ در ﻣﺤﻞ ﺧﻮد ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻧﮕﻪ داﺷﺘﻪ ﺷﻮد‬
‫ﺑﻄﻮر ﻣﻌﻤﻮل ﭘﻮﺷﺶ وزﻧﻪ اي ﺑﻨﺤﻮي ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺷﻮد ﻛﻪ ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ‬
‫ در‬.‫ ﭘﺎﻳﺪار ﺑﺎﻗﻲ ﺑﻤﺎﻧﺪ‬1/2 ‫در ﻣﻴﺎن ﮔﻞ و ﻻي ﺑﺎ وزن ﻣﺨﺼﻮص‬
‫ﻫﺮ ﺣﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ وزﻧﻪ ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻴﺎز‬
.‫ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺖ ﺑﺴﺘﺮ رودﺧﺎﻧﻪ در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﻮد‬
‫ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد ﻛﻪ ﻋﻤﻖ دﻓﻦ و اﻧﺤﻨﺎي ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ در ﺿﻤﻦ‬
‫ﺧﻮاﺑﺎﻧﺪن آن و از آن ﺑﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ و ﻧﻴﺰ روش ﺧﻮاﺑﺎﻧﺪن ﺑﺮاي ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد‬
‫ﻣﺨﺼﻮص ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮد اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺷﻮد ﺗﺎ از ﺻﺪﻣﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ‬
.‫ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺻﺎً در ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮي ﮔﺮدد‬
Depth of cover and the curvature of the pipeline
during laying and henceforth as well as method of
laying the pipeline should be selected for the
particular application to avoid damage to the
pipeline specially when it is being installed.
‫ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﻣﻴﺸﻮد ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎي ﺟﺪاﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﻣﺠﻬﺰ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻤﻞ‬5-1-11
11.1.5 Isolating block valves fitted with automatic
line-break-operators should be installed in fenced
areas on either side of the major river crossings. If
valves are installed in valve pits, the top of the
pits should be above maximum recorded high
water level and if there is possibilities of water
ingressing into the pits, facilities should be
considered for emptying the water.
‫ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﻫﺎي ﻗﻄﻊ ﺧﻮدﻛﺎر در ﻃﺮﻓﻴﻦ ﺗﻘﺎﻃﻊ ﺑﺎ رودﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي‬
‫ اﮔﺮ اﻳﻦ ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎ در‬.‫ﺑﺰرگ در ﻣﺤﻮﻃﻪ ﻣﺤﺼﻮر ﻧﺼﺐ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
‫ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد ﻛﻪ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺑﺎﻻي‬،‫ﺣﻮﺿﭽﻪ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
‫ﺣﻮﺿﭽﻪ از ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ ارﺗﻔﺎع ﺛﺒﺖ ﺷﺪه آب ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ و اﮔﺮ‬
‫اﻣﻜﺎن ﻧﻔﻮذ آب ﺑﻪ داﺧﻞ ﺣﻮﺿﭽﻪ وﺟﻮد داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
.‫ﺗﺴﻬﻴﻼﺗﻲ ﺑﺮاي ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ آب در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﻮد‬
‫ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد ﻛﻪ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻛﻨﻨﺪهﻫﺎي ﻗﻄﻊ ﺧﻮدﻛﺎر ﺑﻨﺤﻮي‬
‫ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ در ﺻﻮرت ﺷﻜﺴﺖ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ و ﺑﻪ دﻧﺒﺎل آن ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ‬
‫ﻧﺎﮔﻬﺎﻧﻲ ﻓﺸﺎر ﻋﻤﻞ ﻧﻤﻮده و ﺳﺒﺐ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺷﺪن ﺷﻴﺮ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ وﻟﻲ‬
‫در ﻧﻮﺳﺎﻧﺎت ﻣﻌﻤﻮل ﻓﺸﺎر در ﺿﻤﻦ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﺎًﺛﻴﺮ ﻗﺮار‬
‫ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد ﻛﻪ اﻳﻦ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﻣﻄﻤﺌﻦ ﺳﺎزد ﻛﻪ در‬.‫ﻧﮕﻴﺮﻧﺪ‬
The automatic line-break-operators should be
designed to close the valve in the event of pipeline
failure and subsequent rapid rate of change of
pressure in the pipeline but should not be affected
by normal operational pressure fluctuations. The
design should ensure that changes of the water
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IPS-E-PI-140(1)
‫ﺻﻮرت ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﺟﺮﻳﺎن آب و ﻳﺎ ﺧﺮاب ﺷﺪن دﻳﻮارهﻫﺎي‬
‫ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻲ رودﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﻳﻜﭙﺎرﭼﮕﻲ ﻧﮕﻬﺪارﻧﺪه ﺷﻴﺮ را ﺑﻪ ﻣﺨﺎﻃﺮه‬
.‫ﻧﻤﻲاﻧﺪازد‬
course and/or collapse of the river side walls will
not endanger the integrity of the valve support.
‫ ﺗﻘﺎﻃﻊ ﺑﺎ ﺟﺎده و راه آﻫﻦ‬2-11
11.2 Road and Railway Crossings
‫ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻘﺎﻃﻊ ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺟﺎده ﻫﺎ و راه آﻫﻦ ﺗﺮﺟﻴﺤﺎً از ﮔﺬرﮔﺎه‬
‫ﻳﺎ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪﻫﺎي ﺑﺘﻨﻲ و ﭘﻞﻫﺎ )ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻳﺎ ﻣﻮﺟﻮد( اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬
‫ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻏﻼف )ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﺖ ﻣﺸﻜﻼت ﺧﻮردﮔﻲ ﺳﻄﺢ‬.‫ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‬
‫ﺧﺎرﺟﻲ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ و ﺗﻤﺎس اﻟﻜﺘﺮﻳﻜﻲ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻏﻼف و ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ( ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ‬
‫ )ﺟﻬﺖ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﻪ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪﻫﺎﻳﻲ درﺑﺎره اﻳﻦ ﻣﻮﺿﻮع ﺑﻪ‬.‫ﻧﻤﻴﺸﻮد‬
‫ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮي از ﺻﺪﻣﻪ ﺑﻪ‬.(‫ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﺷﻮد‬API RP 1102
‫ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ وﺳﺎﻳﻞ ﻧﻘﻠﻴﻪاي ﻛﻪ از ﺟﺎده ﻣﻨﺤﺮف ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
‫ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮد ﻛﻪ ﻣﺤﺎﻓﻆﻫﺎي ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ در دو ﻃﺮف ﺟﺎده ﺗﻌﺒﻴﻪ‬
‫ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﻋﻤﻖ دﻓﻦ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﺷﺪه در‬.‫ﮔﺮدد‬
.‫ اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻣﻼﺣﻈﻪ ﮔﺮدد‬2-10 ‫ ﺑﻨﺪ‬3 ‫ﺗﻘﺎﻃﻊ ﻫﺎ ﺟﺪول‬
‫اﮔﺮ ﺟﺎده اﺧﺘﺼﺎﺻﻲ ﺑﺮاي ﻋﺒﻮر ﺑﻴﺶ از ﻳﻚ ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ در ﻧﻈﺮ‬
‫ ﮔﺬرﮔﺎه ﻫﺎ ﻳﺎ ﭘﻠﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ داراي ﭘﻬﻨﺎي ﻛﺎﻓﻲ‬،‫ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ در اﻳﻦ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ اﻓﻘﻲ ﺑﻴﻦ‬.‫ﺑﺮاي ﺧﻄﻮط ﻟﻮﻟﻪ آﺗﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬
‫ ﺑﺮاي‬.‫ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬400 ‫دو ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻣﺠﺎور ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ از‬
‫ اﻳﻦ‬1-5-9 ‫ از ﺑﻨﺪ‬2 ‫ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ زاوﻳﻪ ﺗﻘﺎﻃﻊ ﺑﻪ ﻳﺎدآوري‬
.‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﺷﻮد‬
Pipelines crossing roads and railways should
preferably be through culverts or concrete box and
bridges (new or existing). The use of casing pipe
should be discouraged (due to external corrosion
problems and electrical contact between casing
pipe and carrier pipe). (See API RP 1102 for
recommendations in this respect.) Suitable
protection should be provided on both sides of the
road to prevent damage to the pipeline by vehicles
leaving the road. For minimum recommended
coverage at crossings see Table 3 Clause 10.2 of
this Standard.
If the right-of-way is intended for more than one
pipeline, culverts or bridge should be wide
enough to accommodate future pipeline(s). In this
case the horizontal space between two adjacent
pipelines should not be less than 400 mm. For
angle of crossing refer to Note 2 of Clause 9.5.1
of this Standard.
‫ ﺗﻘﺎﻃﻊ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﺧﻄﻮط ﻟﻮﻟﻪ‬3-11
11.3 Crossing other Pipelines
11.3.1 Where above-ground pipelines cross each
other a minimum clearance of 300 mm should be
maintained between adjacent lines.
‫ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد ﺟﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺧﻄﻮط ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎي رو‬1-3-11
11.3.2 Where a buried pipeline is to cross an
existing above-ground pipeline an increased depth
of cover should be specified for the whole width
of the right-of-way.
‫ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد ﺟﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻳﻚ ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻣﺪﻓﻮن ﺑﺎ‬2-3-11
‫ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ‬300 ‫زﻣﻴﻨﻲ ﻫﻤﺪﻳﮕﺮ را ﻗﻄﻊ ﻣﻲ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ‬
.‫ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺧﻄﻮط ﻣﺠﺎور ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﮔﺮدد‬
‫ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ رو زﻣﻴﻨﻲ ﻣﻮﺟﻮد ﺗﻘﺎﻃﻊ ﻣﻲ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﻳﻜﺴﺎﻧﻲ‬
‫در ﻋﻤﻖ دﻓﻦ ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻤﺎم ﻋﺮض ﺟﺎده اﺧﺘﺼﺎﺻﻲ در‬
.‫ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﻮد‬
11.3.3 Where an above-ground pipeline is to cross
an existing buried pipeline means should be
provided to allow continued use of the buried
pipeline right-of-way.
‫ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد ﺟﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻳﻚ ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ رو زﻣﻴﻨﻲ‬3-3-11
11.3.4 Where a buried pipeline is to cross an
existing buried pipeline the new line should pass
under the existing line with at least 900 mm
clearance between the two lines.
‫ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد ﺟﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻳﻚ ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻣﺪﻓﻮن‬4-3-11
11.3.5 Potential test points, current test points and
bonding points (direct or resistance) should be
installed on both lines at the crossing to enable the
cathodic protection systems to be interconnected,
‫ ﻧﻘﺎط‬،‫ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد ﻧﻘﺎط آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﭘﺘﺎﻧﺴﻴﻞ‬5-3-11
‫ﻳﻚ ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻣﺪﻓﻮن ﻣﻮﺟﻮد را ﻗﻄﻊ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ ﺷﺮاﻳﻄﻲ در ﻧﻈﺮ‬
‫ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﻮد ﺗﺎ اﻣﻜﺎن ﺗﺪاوم اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﺟﺎده اﺧﺘﺼﺎﺻﻲ ﺧﻂ‬
.‫ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻣﺪﻓﻮن را ﻓﺮاﻫﻢ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‬
‫ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻣﺪﻓﻮن ﻣﻮﺟﻮد را ﻗﻄﻊ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ ﺧﻂ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺑﺎ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ‬
.‫ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮي از زﻳﺮ ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻣﻮﺟﻮد ﻋﺒﻮر ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‬900
‫آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺟﺮﻳﺎن و ﻧﻘﺎط ﭘﻴﻮﻧﺪ )ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﻳﺎ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺘﻲ( روي ﻫﺮ‬
‫دو ﺧﻂ ﻛﻪ در ﻣﺤﻞ ﺗﻘﺎﻃﻊ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﺗﺎ در ﺻﻮرت ﻧﻴﺎز‬
35
Jul. 2009 / 1388 ‫ﺗﻴﺮ‬
if required.
IPS-E-PI-140(1)
.‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎي ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﻛﺎﺗﺪي آﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﻬﻢ ﻣﺘﺼﻞ ﮔﺮدﻧﺪ‬
11.3.6 For a minimum distance of 15 meters on
either side of the pipeline crossing the new
pipeline shall be double wrapped.
‫ ﺧﻂ‬، ‫ ﻣﺘﺮ از ﻃﺮﻓﻴﻦ ﻣﺤﻞ ﺗﻘﺎﻃﻊ‬15 ‫ ﺑﺮاي ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ‬6-3-11
11.3.7 Where a pipeline crosses an existing
pipeline owned by an outside Company, the
design of the crossing and cathodic protection
should satisfy the requirements of the outside
company.
‫ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد ﺟﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻳﻚ ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ‬7-3-11
.‫ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ دوﺑﺎر ﻧﻮارﭘﻴﭽﻲ ﺷﻮد‬
‫ﻣﻮﺟﻮد ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮﻛﺖ دﻳﮕﺮي را ﻗﻄﻊ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺗﻘﺎﻃﻊ‬
‫و ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﻛﺎﺗﺪي ﺑﺎ اﻟﺰاﻣﺎت ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﻣﺬﻛﻮر ﻫﻤﺨﻮاﻧﻲ داﺷﺘﻪ‬
.‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ ﺗﻘﺎﻃﻊ ﺑﺎ ﮔﺴﻠﻪ ﻫﺎي زﻣﻴﻦ‬4-11
11.4 Crossing Land Faults
‫زﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻳﻚ ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ اﺟﺒﺎراٌ ﺑﺎ ﻳﻚ ﮔﺴﻞ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻓﻌﺎل ﺑﺮﺧﻮرد‬
‫ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد در ﺧﺼﻮص ﺿﺮورت اﺗﺨﺎذ ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ‬،‫ﻣﻲ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‬
‫ﻣﺤﺎﻓﻈﺘﻲ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ واﺣﺪ زﻣﻴﻦ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﻛﺎرﻓﺮﻣﺎ ﻳﺎ زﻣﻴﻦ‬
‫ﺷﻨﺎس ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ ﺷﺪه وي ﭘﺲ از ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت زﻣﻴﻦ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ‬
‫ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﮔﻴﺮي ﺷﺪه و ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﻳﻦ ﻳﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻋﺒﺎرت دﻳﮕﺮ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﻫﺎي‬
. ‫آﻧﻬﺎ در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﻮد‬
.‫در ﺻﻮرت اﻣﻜﺎن از ﺗﻘﺎﻃﻊ ﺑﺎ ﮔﺴﻠﻪ ﻓﻌﺎل ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﭘﺮﻫﻴﺰ ﺷﻮد‬
‫وﻗﺘﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻬﺮ ﺣﺎل ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻣﺠﺒﻮر ﺑﻪ ﺗﻘﺎﻃﻊ ﺑﺎ ﻳﻚ ﮔﺴﻠﻪ‬
‫ﻓﻌﺎل و ﻳﺎ ﮔﺴﻠﻪ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻓﻌﺎل ﻛﻪ اﻧﺘﻈﺎر ﻓﻌﺎل ﺷﺪن آن وﺟﻮد‬
‫ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮاي ﻣﺤﺎﻓﻈﺖ ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ‬،‫دارد ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
:‫در اﻳﻦ ﻧﻮع ﺗﻘﺎﻃﻊ ﻫﺎ ﻣﻮارد زﻳﺮ در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﻮد‬
When pipeline has to cross a passive fault, the
necessity of provision of any protection system
should be decided after geotechnical survey
results are studied by Company geological
department or Company appointed geologist and
hence or otherwise their recommendations are
given.
Crossing an active fault shall be avoided if
feasible. When, however, pipeline has to cross an
active fault or a passive fault which is expected to
become active, the following considerations
should be given at the crossing for the protection
of the pipeline:
11.4.1 Design factors similar to those indicated
for rivers, dunes and beaches should be used (see
Table 2 of Clause 7.5.2.2 of this Standard).
‫ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد ﻛﻪ از ﺿﺮاﻳﺐ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺷﺒﻴﻪ ﺿﺮاﻳﺐ‬1-4-11
11.4.2 Crossing angle should be selected for
minimum bending and shear stresses in the
pipeline wall due to movement of the fault banks.
‫ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد ﻛﻪ زاوﻳﻪ ﺗﻘﺎﻃﻊ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺤﻮي اﻧﺘﺨﺎب‬2-4-11
11.4.3 There should be no horizontal bends,
flanges, tees, valves or similar constraints such as
concrete weights in at least 200 meters of the
pipeline either sides of the fault center.
‫ ﻣﺘﺮ از ﺧﻂ‬200 ‫ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد ﻛﻪ در ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ‬3-4-11
‫ ﺗﭙﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺷﻨﻲ و ﺳﻮاﺣﻞ‬،‫ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺷﺪه ﺑﺮاي رودﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ‬
‫ اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬2-2-5-7 ‫ از ﺑﻨﺪ‬2 ‫ )ﺟﺪول‬.‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﮔﺮدد‬
.(‫ﻣﻼﺣﻈﻪ ﺷﻮد‬
‫ﺷﻮد ﻛﻪ ﺗﻨﺶ ﻫﺎي ﺧﻤﺸﻲ و ﺑﺮﺷﻲ در دﻳﻮاره ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ‬
.‫ﺣﺎﺻﻞ از ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﮔﺴﻠﻪ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺷﻮد‬
،‫ ﻓﻠﻨﺞ ﻫﺎ‬،‫ﻟﻮﻟﻪ در ﻫﺮ دو ﻃﺮف ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﮔﺴﻠﻪ از ﺧﻢ ﻫﺎي اﻓﻘﻲ‬
‫ ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎ ﻳﺎ ﻗﻴﺪ و ﺑﻨﺪﻫﺎي ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ ﻧﻈﻴﺮ وزﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي‬،‫ﺳﻪ راﻫﻲ ﻫﺎ‬
.‫ﺑﺘﻨﻲ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻧﺸﻮد‬
11.4.4 The trench dimensions and the backfill
material around the pipeline at 200 meters either
sides of the fault center should be selected in such
a way that the pipeline is subjected to minimum
restraint.
‫ ﻣﻮاد ﺧﺎﻛﺮﻳﺰي‬،‫ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد اﺑﻌﺎد ﻛﺎﻧﺎل ﻟﻮﻟﻪ‬4-4-11
11.4.5 Line break valves with automatic shutdown operators shall be installed at 250 meters
either side of the fault center. These valves should
be secured against movements of the section of
the pipeline which crosses the fault by means of
‫ ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎي ﻗﻄﻊ ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﻣﺠﻬﺰ ﺑﻪ ﻓﻌﺎل ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﻫﺎي‬5-4-11
‫ ﻣﺘﺮي از ﻫﺮ ﻃﺮف‬200 ‫ﺷﺪه در اﻃﺮاف ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ در ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ‬
‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﮔﺴﻠﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺤﻮي اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ داراي‬
.‫ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﻗﻴﺪ و ﺑﻨﺪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ ﻣﺘﺮي از ﻫﺮ ﻃﺮف‬250 ‫ﻗﻄﻊ اﺿﻄﺮاري ﺧﻮدﻛﺎر ﺑﺎﻳﺪ در ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ‬
‫ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﻗﻴﺪ و‬.‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﮔﺴﻠﻪ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
36
Jul. 2009 / 1388 ‫ﺗﻴﺮ‬
adequately designed anchors.
IPS-E-PI-140(1)
‫ﺑﻨﺪ ﻛﺎﻓﻲ اﻳﻦ ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎ در ﺻﻮرت ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ در ﻗﺴﻤﺖ‬
.‫ﺗﻘﺎﻃﻊ ﺑﺎ ﮔﺴﻠﻪ ﺑﺼﻮرت ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻣﻬﺎر ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
‫ راﻧﺶ زﻣﻴﻦ‬5-11
11.5 Land Slides
‫ﻋﺒﻮر از ﻧﺰدﻳﻜﻲ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻘﻲ ﻛﻪ راﻧﺶ زﻣﻴﻦ ﻣﺸﻬﻮد اﺳﺖ ﺑﺎ‬
‫ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬،‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺰﻳﻦ و ﻳﺎ دور زدن آن ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ‬
.‫ﭘﺮﻫﻴﺰ ﮔﺮدد‬
Passing near the areas where there are evidence of
land slide shall be avoided by using alternative
routes or going around the suspected areas.
‫ اﺳﻨﺎد و ﺳﻮاﺑﻖ‬-12
12. RECORDS
‫ﻳﻚ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﺟﺎﻣﻊ از ﻣﺪارك ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ و ﺗﺎ ﭘﺎﻳﺎن ﻋﻤﺮ‬
‫ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد ﻛﻪ اﻳﻦ ﻣﺪارك ﺗﻤﺎم‬.‫ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻧﮕﻬﺪاري ﺷﻮد‬
‫ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎت و ﺑﺮآوردﻫﺎﻳﻲ را ﻛﻪ در ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ‬،‫ﻣﻌﻴﺎرﻫﺎي ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ‬
‫ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻣﻲ و ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻳﻚ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﻓﻨﻲ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد را‬
‫ اﻳﻦ ﻣﺪارك ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ دﻓﺘﺮﭼﻪﻫﺎي راﻫﻨﻤﺎي‬.‫ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت و ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮ و ﻧﮕﻬﺪاري ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ‬
‫ﻣﻲﺷﻮد ﻛﻪ اﻳﻦ دﻓﺘﺮﭼﻪﻫﺎ ﻣﺤﺘﻮي ﺗﻤﺎم ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺗﻲ‬
،‫ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻴﺎت اﺻﻠﻲ‬،‫ﻛﻠﻴﺪي ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﺼﻮر در ﺗﻤﺎم دوره ﻋﻤﺮ ﺧﻂ‬
.‫ و ﻣﻮارد ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﻨﺘﻈﺮه و ﻏﻴﺮه ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬،‫ﭘﺎراﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎ‬
A comprehensive set of design documents shall be
produced and retained for the life of the pipeline.
These documents should include all the design
criteria, calculations and assessments which led to
the technical choices during conception and
design of the pipeline. They shall also include
pipeline operating and maintenance manual which
should cover the range of key operating
conditions that can be envisaged for the entire life
span, major features, parameters, contingency
plans, etc.
37
Jul. 2009 / 1388 ‫ﺗﻴﺮ‬
IPS-E-PI-140(1)
APPENDICES
‫ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺖ ﻫﺎ‬
APPENDIX A
‫ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺖ اﻟﻒ‬
SERVICE PIPELINE CO. FORMULA
‫ﻓﺮﻣﻮل ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﺳﺮوﻳﺲ ﭘﺎﻳﭗ ﻻﻳﻦ‬
For turbulent flow up to Re = 170,000
Re= 170/000 ‫ﺑﺮاي ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﻣﺘﻼﻃﻢ ﺗﺎ‬
P=
31.92  103  Q1.748  v 0.2518  S
D 4.748
or
Q=
‫ﻳﺎ‬
2.6527  10 -3  D 2.716  P 0.572
v 0.144  S 0.572
:‫ﻛﻪ در آن‬
Where:
P
Pressure drop bar/km
Q
Flow rate m3/d
D
Pipe inside diameter mm
ν
Kinematic viscosity cS
S
Specific gravity
‫ اﻓﺖ ﻓﺸﺎر‬P
(‫) ﺑﺎر ﺑﺮ ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮ‬
(‫) ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﻜﻌﺐ در روز‬
(‫)ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ‬
‫ دﺑﻲ‬Q
‫ ﻗﻄﺮ داﺧﻠﻲ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ‬D
(‫ ﻟﺰﺟﺖ ﺟﻨﺒﺸﻲ ) ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻲ اﺳﺘﻮك‬ν
‫ وزن ﻣﺨﺼﻮص‬S
38
Jul. 2009 / 1388 ‫ﺗﻴﺮ‬
IPS-E-PI-140(1)
‫ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺖ ب‬
APPENDIX B
SHELL / MIT FORMULA
2
‫ ﻣﻴﺖ‬/‫ﻓﺮﻣﻮل ﺷﻞ‬
Calculations are made in accordance with the
method recommended by Wilson and Mc Adams
and reported in "Contribution No. 19 from the
Department
of
Chemical
Engineering,
Massachusetts
Institute
of
Technology".
Converted to metric form the formulas are as
follows:
P=
‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎت ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس روش ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﺷﺪه وﻳﻠﺴﻮن و ﻣﻚ آداﻣﺰ در‬
‫ ﻣﻮﺳﺴﻪ‬،‫ ﺑﺨﺶ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﺷﻴﻤﻲ‬19 ‫ﮔﺰارش "ﻫﻤﻜﺎري ﺷﻤﺎره‬
‫ﻓﻦ آوري ﻣﺎﺳﺎﭼﻮﺳﺖ" در ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻣﺘﺮﻳﻚ ﺑﺼﻮرت زﻳﺮ آﻣﺪه‬
:‫اﺳﺖ‬
4.4191  10 6  f  S  Q 2
D5
For viscous flow
‫ﺑﺮاي ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﻟﺰج‬
 v 
f = 0.16025 
 ×
 DV 
‫ﺑﺮاي ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﻣﺘﻼﻃﻢ‬
For turbulent flow
 v 
f = 0.0018 + 0.013685 

 DV 
0.355
Where:
:‫ﻛﻪ در آن‬
P
Pressure drop
bar/km
Q
Flow rate
m3/d
D
Pipe inside diameter
mm
ν
Kinematic viscosity
cS
S
Specific gravity
‫ وزن ﻣﺨﺼﻮص‬S
F
Friction factor
‫ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ اﺻﻄﻜﺎك‬f
V
Average velocity of fluid
‫ اﻓﺖ ﻓﺸﺎر‬P
(‫)ﺑﺎر ﺑﺮﻛﻴﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮ‬
(‫)ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﻜﻌﺐ در روز‬
‫ دﺑﻲ‬Q
(‫ ﻗﻄﺮ داﺧﻠﻲ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ) ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ‬D
(‫ ﻟﺰﺟﺖ ﺟﻨﺒﺸﻲ ) ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻲ اﺳﺘﻮك‬ν
(‫ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﺳﻴﺎل )ﻣﺘﺮ در ﺛﺎﻧﻴﻪ‬V
m/s
39
Jul. 2009 / 1388 ‫ﺗﻴﺮ‬
APPENDIX C
‫ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺖ ج‬
SIMPLIFIED DARCY EQUATION
‫ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﻪ ﺳﺎده ﺷﺪه دارﺳﻲ‬
3
4
IPS-E-PI-140(1)
۵
۶
2
P = 6.254 × 105× f m  WT
d 5 m
Where:
P
Pressure drop (Bar/km)
fm
Darcy or moody friction factor (see
Appendix H)
WT
Total liquid plus vapor flow rate (kg/h)
D
Inside diameter of pipe (mm)
ρm
Gas/liquid mixture density at operating
pressure and temperature (kg/m3)
:‫ﻛﻪ در آن‬
(‫)ﺑﺎر در ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮ‬
‫اﻓﺖ ﻓﺸﺎر‬
P
‫ﺿﺮﻳﺐ اﺻﻄﻜﺎك دارﺳﻲ ﻳﺎ ﻣﻮدي )ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺖ ح ﻣﻼﺣﻈﻪ‬
fm
(‫ﺷﻮد‬
(‫ دﺑﻲ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ و ﺑﺨﺎر )ﻛﻴﻠـــﻮﮔﺮم در ﺳﺎﻋﺖ‬WT
(‫)ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ‬
‫ﻗﻄﺮ داﺧﻠﻲ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ‬
D
‫ ﭼﮕﺎﻟﻲ ﻣﺨﻠﻮط ﮔﺎز و ﻣﺎﻳﻊ در ﻓﺸﺎر و دﻣﺎي ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺗﻲ‬ρm
(‫)ﻛﻴﻠﻮﮔﺮم ﺑﺮ ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﻜﻌﺐ‬
Notes:
:‫ﻳﺎدآوريﻫﺎ‬
may be calculated from the following derived
: ‫ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ از ﻓﺮﻣﻮل زﻳﺮ ﺑﻪ دﺳﺖ آورده ﺷﻮد‬ρm ‫( ﻣﻘﺪار‬1
equation:
28829.6 SL  P  35.22 R  G  P
m=
28.82 P  10.12 R  T  Z
Where:
: ‫ﻛﻪ در آن‬
SL Relative density of oil (water = 1)
(1=‫ ﭼﮕﺎﻟﻲ ﻧﺴﺒﻲ ﻧﻔﺖ )آب‬SL
P Operating pressure (kPa Absolute)
(‫ﻓﺸﺎر ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺗﻲ )ﻛﻴﻠﻮﭘﺎﺳﻜﺎل ﻣﻄﻠﻖ‬
P
R
Gas/oil ratio (m3 of gas/m3 of oil at metric
standard conditions)
‫ ﻣﺘﺮﻣﻜﻌﺐ ﻧﻔﺖ در‬/‫ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﮔﺎز ﺑﻪ ﻧﻔﺖ )ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﻜﻌﺐ ﮔﺎز‬
(‫ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻣﺘﺮﻳﻚ‬
 MW 
Gas relative density = 
 at standard
 28.9 
conditions
MW Molecular weight of the gas at 20°C and 760
mm mercury
 MW 
 ‫ﭼﮕﺎﻟﻲ ﻧﺴﺒﻲ ﮔﺎز‬
 28.9 
‫ در ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬
G
T
Operating temperature (°K)
Z
Gas compressibility factor
R
G
760 ‫ درﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮاد و‬20 ‫ وزن ﻣﻠﻜﻮﻟﻲ ﮔﺎز در‬MW
‫ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ ﺟﻴﻮه‬
(‫ دﻣﺎي ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺗﻲ )درﺟﻪ ﻛﻠﻮﻳﻦ‬T
‫ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺗﺮاﻛﻢ ﮔﺎز‬Z
2) The above Darcy equation loses its accuracy
when pressure drop is more than 10% (due to
changes in density of gas). For pressure drops
higher than 10%, calculations should be carried
out for smaller segments of the pipeline and the
values added together.
‫ درﺻﺪ‬10 ‫( ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﻪ دارﺳﻲ ﻓﻮق وﻗﺘﻲ ﻛﻪ اﻓﺖ ﻓﺸﺎر ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ از‬2
‫)ﺑﻌﻠﺖ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮات ﭼﮕﺎﻟﻲ ﮔﺎز( ﺑﺎﺷﺪ دﻗﺖ ﺧﻮد را از دﺳﺖ‬
‫ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ‬،‫ درﺻﺪ‬10 ‫ ﺑﺮاي اﻓﺖ ﻓﺸﺎرﻫﺎي ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ از‬.‫ﻣﻲدﻫﺪ‬
‫ﻣﻲﺷﻮد ﻛﻪ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎت ﺑﺮاي ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻫﺎي ﻛﻮﭼﻜﺘﺮ ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ‬
.‫اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪه و ﺟﻮاﺑﻬﺎ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻢ ﺟﻤﻊ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
40
Jul. 2009 / 1388 ‫ﺗﻴﺮ‬
APPENDIX D
T.R. AUDE AND HAZEN-WILLIAM’S
FORMULAS
IPS-E-PI-140(1)
‫ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺖ د‬
7
‫ وﻳﻠﻴﺎﻣﺰ‬-‫اوده و ﻫﺎزن‬.‫آر‬.‫ﻓﺮﻣﻮلﻫﺎي ﺗﻲ‬
‫اوده‬.‫آر‬.‫( ﻓﺮﻣﻮل ﺗﻲ‬1
1) T.R. Aude formula
Q=
3.4657  10-3  D 2.66  P 0.552  C
S0.448  µ0.104
or
P=
‫ﻳﺎ‬
28635 Q1.812  µ0.188  S0.812
C1.812  D 4.819
‫ وﻳﻠﻴﺎﻣﺰ‬-‫( ﻓﺮﻣﻮل ﻫﺎزن‬2
2) Hazen-william’s formula
2.6  10-3  D 2.63  P 0.54  C
Q=
S0.54
or
P=
‫ﻳﺎ‬
61.07  103  Q1.852  S
C1.852  D 4.87
:‫ﻛﻪ در آن‬
Where:
Q
Rate of flow
(m3/d)
D
Inside diameter of pipe
(mm)
P
Pressure drop
(bar/km)
C
T.R. Audi's friction factor
(‫ دﺑﻲ )ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﻜﻌﺐ در روز‬Q
(‫)ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ‬
(‫) ﺑﺎر درﻛﻴﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮ‬
Specific gravity of liquid
µ
Absolute viscosity (centipoises)
‫ اﻓﺖ ﻓﺸﺎر‬P
‫اوده‬.‫آر‬.‫ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ اﺻﻄﻜﺎك ﺗﻲ‬C
‫و ﺑﺮاي ﻟﻮﻟﻪ‬1/2 ‫)راﻧﺪﻣﺎن ﻟﻮﻟﻪ( ﺑﺮاي ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻓﻮﻻدي ﻧﻮ ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ‬
1/0 ‫ﻓﻮﻻدي ﻗﺪﻳﻤﻲ ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ‬
‫ وزن ﻣﺨﺼﻮص ﻣﺎﻳﻊ‬S
(pipe efficiency)= 1.2 for new steel
pipe=1.0 for old steel pipe
S
‫ ﻗﻄﺮ داﺧﻠﻲ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ‬D
(‫)ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻲ ﭘﻮﻳﺰ‬
41
‫ ﻟﺰﺟﺖ ﻣﻄﻠﻖ‬μ
Jul. 2009 / 1388 ‫ﺗﻴﺮ‬
IPS-E-PI-140(1)
‫ج‬
8
‫ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺖ ﻫ‬
APPENDIX E
‫ﻓﺮﻣﻮل وﻳﻤﻮث‬
WEYMOUTH FORMULA
2 5.333 
 2

Q = 0.003749 × T0  (1  2 ) D
P0 

S T  L
0.5


:‫ﻛﻪ در آن‬
Where:
Q Flow rate
m3/d
S Specific ravity of gas
(Air=1)
(‫)ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﻜﻌﺐ در روز‬
(1=‫)ﻫﻮا‬
(‫) ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮ‬
‫ دﺑﻲ‬Q
‫ وزن ﻣﺨﺼﻮص ﮔﺎز‬S
‫ ﻃﻮل ﺧﻂ‬L
L Length of line
km
To Temperature basis for defining gas
°K
(‫)درﺟﻪ ﻛﻠﻮﻳﻦ‬
‫ دﻣﺎي ﻣﺒﻨﺎ ﺑﺮاي ﮔﺎز ﻣﻌﻴﻦ‬To
T Mean flowing temperature
°K
(‫)درﺟﻪ ﻛﻠﻮﻳﻦ‬
‫ دﻣﺎي ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﺟﺮﻳﺎن‬T
P1 Inlet pressure
bar (abs)
(‫ﺑﺎر )ﻣﻄﻠﻖ‬
‫ ﻓﺸﺎر ورودي‬P1
P2 Final pressure
bar (abs)
(‫ﺑﺎر )ﻣﻄﻠﻖ‬
‫ ﻓﺸﺎر ﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ‬P2
Po Pressure basis for defining gas bar (abs)
(‫ﺑﺎر )ﻣﻄﻠﻖ‬
‫ ﻓﺸﺎر ﻣﺒﻨﺎ ﺑﺮاي ﮔﺎز ﻣﻌﻴﻦ‬Po
(‫)ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ‬
‫ ﻗﻄﺮ داﺧﻠﻲ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ‬D
D Pipe inside diameter
mm
42
Jul. 2009 / 1388 ‫ﺗﻴﺮ‬
9
IPS-E-PI-140(1)
‫ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺖ و‬
APPENDIX F
‫ﻓﺮﻣﻮل ﺑﻲ ﻳﺎ ﺗﺠﺪﻳﺪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺷﺪه ﭘﺎن ﻫﻨﺪل‬
PANHANDLE REVISED OR B FORMULA


P12  P2 2

Q = 10.024 × 10 × E × 
 S 0.961  T  L  Z 


-3
0.51
1.02
× D2.53 ×  T0 
 
 P0 
:‫ﻛﻪ در آن‬
Where:
Q Flow rate
(‫) ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﻜﻌﺐ در روز‬
m3/d
‫ دﺑﻲ‬Q
(Air=1)
(1=‫)ﻫﻮا‬
‫ وزن ﻣﺨﺼﻮص ﮔﺎز‬S
km
(‫)ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮ‬
‫ ﻃﻮل ﺧﻂ‬L
To Temperature basis for defining gas °K
(‫) درﺟﻪ ﻛﻠﻮﻳﻦ‬
‫ دﻣﺎي ﻣﺒﻨﺎ ﺑﺮاي ﮔﺎز ﻣﻌﻴﻦ‬To
T Mean flowing temperature
(‫)درﺟﻪ ﻛﻠﻮﻳﻦ‬
‫ دﻣﺎي ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﺟﺮﻳﺎن‬T
S Specific gravity of gas
L Length of line
°K
P1 Inlet pressure
bar (abs)
(‫ﺑﺎر )ﻣﻄﻠﻖ‬
‫ ﻓﺸﺎر ورودي‬P1
P2 Final pressure
bar (abs)
(‫ﺑﺎر )ﻣﻄﻠﻖ‬
‫ ﻓﺸﺎر ﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ‬P2
Po Pressure basis for defining gas bar (abs)
(‫ﺑﺎر )ﻣﻄﻠﻖ‬
‫ ﻓﺸﺎر ﻣﺒﻨﺎ ﺑﺮاي ﮔﺎز ﻣﻌﻴﻦ‬Po
D Pipe inside diameter
(‫)ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ‬
‫ ﻗﻄﺮ داﺧﻠﻲ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ‬D
E Efficiency factor
mm
(‫ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه‬0/9 ‫)ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ‬
(taken as 0.9)
‫ ﻓﺎﻛﺘﻮر ﻛﺎرآﻳﻲ‬E
‫ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺗﺮاﻛﻢ‬Z
Z Compressibility factor
43
Jul. 2009 / 1388 ‫ﺗﻴﺮ‬
10
IPS-E-PI-140(1)
‫ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺖ ز‬
APPENDIX G
‫اي ﺟﻲ اي‬/ ‫ﻓﺮﻣﻮل آي ﺟﻲ ﺗﻲ‬
IGT/AGA FORMULA
2 


 P 2  P 2   0.06834h2  h1  p  
2
 1


TXZ
T0 


-3
Q =2.298 ×10 ×

P0 
S T  Z  L






0.5
Q
Flow rate
m3/d
S
Specific gravity
(Air = 1)
(‫)ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﻜﻌﺐ در روز‬
To Temperature basis for defining gas °K
Mean flowing temperature
3.7 D
Ke
:‫ﻛﻪ در آن‬
Where:
T
D2.5×Log
°K
‫ دﺑﻲ‬Q
(1=‫)ﻫﻮا‬
‫ وزن ﻣﺨﺼﻮص‬S
(‫)درﺟﻪ ﻛﻠﻮﻳﻦ‬
‫ دﻣﺎي ﻣﺒﻨﺎ ﺑﺮاي ﮔﺎز ﻣﻌﻴﻦ‬To
(‫)درﺟﻪ ﻛﻠﻮﻳﻦ‬
‫ دﻣﺎي ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﺟﺮﻳﺎن‬T
P1 Inlet pressure
bar (abs)
(‫ﺑﺎر )ﻣﻄﻠﻖ‬
‫ ﻓﺸﺎر ورودي‬P1
P2 Final pressure
bar (abs)
(‫ﺑﺎر )ﻣﻄﻠﻖ‬
‫ ﻓﺸﺎر ﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ‬P2
Po Pressure basis for defining gas bar (abs)
(‫ﺑﺎر )ﻣﻄﻠﻖ‬
‫ ﻓﺸﺎر ﻣﺒﻨﺎ ﺑﺮاي ﮔﺎز ﻣﻌﻴﻦ‬Po
P Average pressure
bar (abs)
(‫ﺑﺎر )ﻣﻄﻠﻖ‬
‫ ﻓﺸﺎر ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ‬P
L Length of line
km
(‫)ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮ‬
‫ ﻃﻮل ﺧﻂ‬L
D Pipe inside diameter
mm
(‫)ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ‬
‫ ﻗﻄﺮ داﺧﻠﻲ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ‬D
T ‫ و‬P ‫ ﻣﻌﺪل ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺗﺮاﻛﻢ در‬Z
Z Average compressibility factor at P and T
Ke Effective roughness of pipe wall mm
(‫)ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ‬
‫ زﺑﺮي ﻣﻮﺛﺮ دﻳﻮاره ﻟﻮﻟﻪ‬Ke
h1 Initial elevation of line
m
(‫)ﻣﺘﺮ‬
‫ ارﺗﻔﺎع اوﻟﻴﻪ ﺧﻂ‬h1
h2 Final elevation of line
m
(‫)ﻣﺘﺮ‬
‫ ارﺗﻔﺎع ﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﺧﻂ‬h2
44
Jul. 2009 / 1388 ‫ﺗﻴﺮ‬
‫ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺖ ح‬
APPENDIX H
‫ﻧﻤﻮدار ﺿﺮﻳﺐ اﺻﻄﻜﺎك ﻣﻮدي‬
MOODY FRICTION FACTOR
CHART
MOODY DIAGRAM
TRANSITION REGION
LAMINAR FLOW
COMPLETE TURBULENCE
SMOOTH PIPE
FRICTION FACTOR
RELATIVE PIPE ROUGHNESS
REYNOLDS NUMBER
CONCRETE, COARSE
CONCRETE, NEW SMOOTH
DRAWN TUBING
GLASS,PLASTIC,PERSPEX
IPS-E-PI-140(1)
‫دﻳﺎﮔﺮام ﻣﻮدي‬
‫ﻧﺎﺣﻴﻪ ﺗﺤﻮل‬
‫ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﻳﻜﻨﻮاﺧﺖ‬
‫ﺗﻼﻃﻢ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ‬
‫ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺻﺎف و ﺻﻴﻘﻠﻲ‬
‫ﺿﺮﻳﺐ اﺻﻄﻜﺎك‬
‫زﺑﺮي ﻧﺴﺒﻲ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ‬
‫ﻋﺪد رﻳﻨﻮﻟﺪز‬
‫ ﺧﺸﻦ‬،‫ﺑﺘﻮن‬
‫ ﺻﺎف و ﺻﻴﻘﻠﻲ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ‬،‫ﺑﺘﻮن‬
‫ﺗﻴﻮب ﻛﺸﻴﺪه ﺷﺪه‬
،‫ﭘﻼﺳﺘﻴﻚ‬،‫ﺷﻴﺸﻪ‬
‫ﭘﻼﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﻧﺮم و ﺷﻔﺎف‬
IRON, CAST
SEWERS, OLD
STEEL, MORTAR LINED
STEEL, RUSTED
STEEL, STRUCTURAL OR FORGED
WATER MAINS, OLD
d PIPE DIAMETER mm
V FLUID VELOCITY m/s
Ρ FLUID DENSITY
µ FLUID VISCOSITY cp
ABSOLUTE PIPE ROUGHNESS mm
45
‫ رﻳﺨﺘﻪ ﮔﺮي‬،‫آﻫﻦ‬
‫ ﻗﺪﻳﻤﻲ‬،‫ﻣﺠﺎري ﻓﺎﺿﻼب‬
‫روﻛﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ ﺑﺘﻮﻧﻲ‬،‫ﻓﻮﻻد‬
‫زﻧﮓ زده‬،‫ﻓﻮﻻد‬
‫ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻧﻲ ﻳﺎ ﭼﻜﺶ ﺧﻮار‬،‫ﻓﻮﻻد‬
‫ ﻗﺪﻳﻤﻲ‬،‫ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎي اﺻﻠﻲ آب‬
(‫ ﻗﻄﺮ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ )ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ‬d
(‫ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺳﻴﺎل )ﻣﺘﺮ در ﺛﺎﻧﻴﻪ‬V
‫ ﭼﮕﺎﻟﻲ ﺳﻴﺎل‬ρ
(‫ ﻟﺰﺟﺖ ﺳﻴﺎل )ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻲ ﭘﻮﻳﺰ‬µ
(‫ زﺑﺮي ﻣﻄﻠﻖ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ )ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ‬ε
Jul. 2009 / 1388 ‫ﺗﻴﺮ‬
IPS-E-PI-140(1)
‫ﺗﻜﻴﻪ ﮔﺎﻫﻬﺎ‬
Fig. 1 - PLAN VIEW OF ZIG-ZAG CONFIGURATION FOR ABOVE-GROUND PIPELINE
‫ ﻧﻤﺎي ﺑﺎﻻ از ﺷﻜﻞ زﻳﮕﺰاك ﺑﺮاي ﺧﻄﻮط ﻟﻮﻟﻪ روي زﻣﻴﻨﻲ‬-1 ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬
11
TABLE 4 - ZIG-ZAG CONFIGURATION DIMENSIONS
‫ اﻧﺪازه ﻫﺎي ﺷﻜﻞ زﻳﮕﺰاك‬-4 ‫ﺟﺪول‬
PIPE SIZE DN (NPS)
DN (NPS) ‫اﻧﺪازه ﻟﻮﻟﻪ‬
PIPE
MATERIAL
GRADE
PER
API 5L
‫ﮔﺮﻳﺪ ﺟﻨﺲ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺑﺮ‬
API 5L ‫اﺳﺎس‬
Up to DN 300 (NPS 12)
DN 400
(NPS 16)
DN 500
(NPS 20)
DN 550
DN 600
(NPS 24)
DN 650
(NPS 26)
DN 750
(NPS 30)
(NPS 22)
STRAIGHT
LENGTH
L (m)
L ‫ﻃﻮل ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ‬
(‫)ﻣﺘﺮ‬
GR B
GR B/ X 42
X 52/ ×X 60
GR B/ X 42
X 52/ X 60
GR B/ X 42
X52/ X 60
GR B/ X 42
X 52/ X 60
GR B/ X 42
X 52/ X 60
GR B/ X 42
X 52/ X 60
60
116
100
116
100
116
100
116
100
116
100
116
100
46
OFFSET
(‫ )ﻣﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎﻳﻲ‬
BEND
RADIUS
R (m)
(MINIMUM)
(‫ )ﻣﺘﺮ‬R ‫ﺷﻌﺎع ﺧﻢ‬
(‫)ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ‬
(‫)ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ‬
4
9.1
6.5
9.1
6.5
9.5
6.5
9.5
6.5
7.1
6.5
7.1
6.5
25 × Dia.
17× Dia
17× Dia
22× Dia
22× Dia
23× Dia
23× Dia
25× Dia
25× Dia
28× Dia
28× Dia
31× Dia
31× Dia

(m)
(MINIMUM)