Ch. 8
Weight
Management
Eating
Behaviors
Why do we eat?
• Smell & taste
• Mood
• Family, ethnic, & religious traditions
• Social Occasions
• Health concerns
• Advertising
• Cost & availability
Food Provides Energy
• Amount of energy depends on amount of
carbs, protein, and fat eaten
• Extra calories not used immediately are
stored as glycogen or fat
• Breakfast: important to activate body and
brain function right away
BMR
• Basal Metabolic Rate: amount of energy
the body uses for basic functions
• BMR varies for everyone
• Depends on: age, weight, sex, activity
level
Energy Balance
• Energy Balance: when the food you eat
equals the food you burn off
• Extra calories cause increased body fat
and weight gain
• Overweight people are usually too heavy
for their height due to
too much body fat
Overweight & Obesity
• Obesity: condition which there is an excess amount of
body fat for one’s weight
• One is considered obese if is more than 20 percent
overweight over his ideal body weight.
• Medical experts say a person who's about 30 pounds
overweight must be considered obese.
• Illinois: 26.5% of people are obese
• Mississippi is the fattest state
• Colorado the leanest
• Illinois is ranked #28
• Adults: 63% are overweight or obese
• Children: 25% are overweight or obese
• IL: OW adults: 25.3%, Ob adults: 61.8%, children: 15.8%
Why are so many people overweight?
*Diets high in fat and sugar
*Inactive lifestyle
Healthy Weight for Me?
Body Composition: measure of
amount of body fat compared to
other body tissue
-someone can be overweight but
not obese using body composition
Body Mass Index: index of
weight in relation to height
used to assess a healthy
body weight
Heredity v. Environment
Heredity – DNA passed from your parents may
cause you to be naturally heavy or thin.
Environment – The lifestyle of a
family may also affect the
weight of individual members.
Location of weight is also a factor. Excess weight
above the waist are more prone to heart
disease, diabetes and breast cancer than people
with excess weight below the waist.
Weight Management Plan
Weight Management: sensible eating and exercise
habits that will keep you at a healthy level
-Eat better, eat less, & exercise more
-Goal is to lose fat, not the lean muscle
-You can gain weight by
increasing calorie intake and
exercising to increase lean muscle
mass
Dangerous Wt. Loss
-These wt. loss products and programs fail
to provide long-term wt. management
-fad diets, diet pills, & surgery
-The only safe way to lose or manage wt. is
through diet & exercise
Eating Disorders
Eating disorders: conditions which involve an
unhealthy degree of concern about body wt. and
image and leads to efforts to control this with
unhealthy means
Body Image: How you see and feel about your
body
-culture & society affect what you think & feel is the
perfect body
Body Image
-A healthy body image is accepting your
appearance and abilities.
-It also means having realistic expectations about
your size and shape.
-Teens are particularly concerned with
appearance, yet a teens appearance changes
radically as puberty takes its course.
Anorexia Nervosa – Self-starvation and excessive
exercise.
Digestive Problems
• Heartburn – stomach acid is coming up the
esophagus causing a burning sensation.
Smaller, low fat meals with enough time to
digest before lying down are good preventative
measures.
• Ulcers – open sores in the stomach lining which
are painful may be caused by stress and/or
bacteria. An unhealthy diet can only make
things worse. If you believe you have an ulcer,
contact a doctor.
Food Allergies – A small number of people have
allergies to certain foods that may cause
swelling of the face or esophageal tube as well
as hives and rashes. Shellfish and peanuts are
common allergy foods.
Food Intolerance – Similar to allergy but less
severe. Lactose intolerance is the most
common. Intolerance usually causes gas,
cramping and diarrhea.
Embarrassing Digestive Problems
Gas – bacteria in the intestinal system help
break down foods. Some foods, such as beans,
may cause the bacteria to be overactive,
producing flatulence.
Diarrhea – caused by a wide variety of things
and usually harmless. Dehydration is the only
issue. Drink lots of fluids to replace what was
lost.
Constipation – Usually caused by a low fiber
diet. Can be prevented with diets high in fruits,
vegetables, and fiber. Exercise is also good for
prevention.
Food-borne Illness
• An illness caused by contaminated food.
• The food may be contaminated with bacteria,
fungi, parasites or a virus. Some reactions may
be life threatening.
• If symptoms are severe, see a doctor
immediately. (Jack in the box)
• Avoid cross contamination by cleaning utensils.
Cook foods to recommended temperatures.
Wash your hands often. Refrigerate stored
foods.
Types of Food-borne Illnesses
Campylobacter
– Bacterial pathogen that causes fever, diarrhea, and
abdominal cramps.
– Eating undercooked chicken or food that has been
contaminated with juices dripping from the raw
chicken is the source.
Salmonella
– Bacterium that causes salmonellosis which includes
fever, diarrhea, and abdominal cramps.
– In people with weak immune systems or poor
health, it can invade the bloodstream and cause lifethreatening infections.
– Found from a variety of foods of animal origins.
E. Coli
–Bacterial pathogen that causes bloody
diarrhea and painful abdominal cramps
without a fever.
–Found in the consumption of food or
water that has been contaminated with
microscopic amounts of cow feces.
–Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome is a severe
complication that includes anemia,
profuse bleeding, and kidney failure.