CHAPTER 3 NOTES Mental health – the state of mental wellbeing in which one can cope with the demands of daily life. • Do you feel good about yourself? • Can you cope with problems effectively? • Can you work through your problems with your friends? • Do you have close friendships? Mentally healthy people can say yes most of the time to these questions. • Mentally and emotionally healthy people have the following characteristics: • a sense of control • ability to endure failures and frustrations • ability to see events positively • ability to express emotions in a healthy way Defense Mechanisms Defense mechanisms are techniques we use to protect ourselves from being hurt. They provide a way to deal with problems and maintain self-esteem. Too much reliance on defense mechanisms is not healthy if they are constantly used to avoid facing an issue. • Self-esteem – having high self-esteem is important in developing and maintaining good mental health. Self-esteem is feeling good about yourself and the things you do. “A sense of confidence” • High self-esteem gives you a sense of control Self-concept – your current mental image of yourself, sometimes positive, sometimes negative. Self-ideal – your mental image of what you would like to be, should be realistic. (self acceptance) • Integrity- doing what you know is the right thing Communication Styles • Passive – offers no resistance when challenged or pressured • Aggressive – hostile or unfriendly, usually makes conflicts bigger. • Assertive – healthy communication style that is direct and respectful SYMPTOMS OF MENTAL ILLNESS • too much or too little sleep • feeling of extreme sadness • unexplained mood changes • drug or alcohol abuse • inability to concentrate • extreme anxiety or irrational fear • personality changes • false perceptions of reality Types of Mental Disorders • Anxiety disorders – constant fear, physical symptoms do not subside, chest pain, difficulty breathing, phobias are an example. • Phobias – irrational fears • Panic disorder – extreme terror, may come on very quickly • Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) – uncontrollable thought and actions usually repetitive (rituals) • Post-traumatic stress disorder • Eating disorders (often OCD related) see chap. 5 SIGNS of DEPRESSION • lack of energy • withdrawal from people • loss of appetite or over eating • too much or too little sleep • feelings of helplessness or hopelessness Depression – feeling of sadness, loneliness, hopelessness, and despair. Factors linked to depression: • Family history, major life stress, physical illness, substance abuse • Managing depression – try to identify why you feel that way. Put things in perspective, focus on positive Help for Mental Disorders: • Psychotherapy • Group therapy • Medication Other mental disorders: • ADHD – attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder Inattentive or impulsively hyperactive to the point that daily activities are hard to complete -easily distracted, difficulty following directions and completing tasks • Hypochondria – belief of illness when none is present • Bipolar disorder (manic/depressive)- uncontrollable cycles of extreme happiness and then depression • Schizophrenia – false perceptions of reality, hallucinations and/or delusions. Usually presents itself in late teens to mid 20’s, begins as friendly, comforting voices that eventually become mean and frightening/violent. This disorder only affects about 2-3% of the population