1. What is it called when you group your songs on your iPod by genre?
Classifying
2. How do we ensure that the data we have collected during our experiment is accurate?
Repeat the exact same experiment MANY times (multiple trials); the more data, the better
3. How is an observation different than an inference?
Observations are data we collect with our five senses. Inferences are things we think but do not actually
observe. Example: Observation: My daughter’s hair is wet when she comes in from the outside.
Inference: Without looking outside, I think it must be raining.
4. Make an observation about this cat.
It has spots. It is small. It has 2 round ears. It has four legs. It has a long tail. Etc.
5.
5. Consider the experiment in number 5. If the ball in Trial 1 took 2.7 s to get down the ramp, the
ball in Trial 2 took 2.1 s to get down the ramp, the ball in Trial 3 took 3 s to get down the ramp,
the ball in Trial 4 took 1.7 s to get down the ramp, and the ball in Trial 5 took 2 s to get down the
ramp, make a data table to illustrate this data.
Trial
Time (s)
1
2
3
4
5
2.7
2.1
3
1.7
2
Height of Ramp
(books)
3
2
3
4
3
Size of Ball
x-small
Small
x-large
Small
small
6. Which step of the scientific method involves measurements?
Collecting data
7. What is the best way to prove that your hypothesis is correct and have it accepted as true?
Repeat the exact same exact man times (multiple trials) to prove your data is accurate and reliable.
8. Consider the picture below. What question is the experimenter trying to answer?
How does the amount of fertilizer affect the growth (or height) of a plant?
9. What kind of signals do nerve cells use to send messages throughout the body?
Electrical and chemical (electrochemical)
10. Our genetic material is composed of __D_ _N__ _A__, which stands for
deoxyribonucleic acid.
11. What would be bases that would pair with the DNA strand below?
ATC CCC CTA CGC
TAG GGG GAT GCG
12. What is the shape of DNA? Draw a picture to represent it.
Double helix
13. How many amino acids would the DNA strand in number 11 code for? How do you know?
4 amino acids, because we read the DNA three letter at a time.
14. How should the DNA of parents and their child compare?
They should be similar.
15. Why do judges allow DNA evidence to be used in court cases as hard evidence to prove someone’s
identity?
Because the chances that two different people would have the exact same pattern of DNA is very, very
small.
16. How does DNA control every trait that we have?
By coding for the production of PROTEINS
17. If my sister and I both have a dimple in our chin, but I have the genes D and D, while she has genes
D and d, how do our genotypes and phenotypes compare?
Out genotypes (DD and Dd) are different, but our phenotypes (dimple in the chin) are the same.
Genotype- letter (genes), phenotype – physical trait
18. If having a hitchhiker’s thumb is dominant (H) and not having one is recessive (h), what is my
genotype if I don’t have a hitchhiker’s thumb?
Not having a hitchhikers thumb is recessive so I must have all recessive genes (little letter = hh
19. What is usually the cause of many cancers and genetic diseases and disorders?
MUTATIONS
20. What is the name of the repeating “links” in the DNA chain?
NUCLEOTIDES
21. If having black fur is dominant in cats and having brown fur is recessive, what percentage of the
offspring between two cats are expected to have black hair if one parent is homozygous for black
hair and the other is heterozygous.
100% black because all offspring have at least one B
22. Give some examples of traits that are inherited in humans. Give some examples of traits that are
not inherited.
Inherited: eye color, hair color, height, freckles, thunmb, PTC tater, dimple in chin, curly/straight hair
Non inherited: special talents (musical ability), personality, food preferences, hobbies
23. What is asexual reproduction? What are three types of asexual reproduction that we talked about
in class?
Sexual: 2 parents, offspring are genetically different.
Asexual: 1 parent, offspring are genetically identical: Budding (hydra), Binary fission (bacteria and other
single celled organisms), fragmentation (starfish)
24. What DNA technology makes it possible for us to take a gene from one species and put it into
another species to give the second species a new trait such as producing a human protein (like
cows producing human proteins in their milk or bacteria producing human insulin)?
GENETIC ENGINEERING
25. What are the three types of mutations. Tell what happens in each.
Addition: adding one or more letters to the DNA
Deletion: taking away/losing letter in the DNA
Substitution: changing one or more letters to different letters in the DNA
26. What is an abiotic factor? Biotic factor? Give two examples of each.
Abiotic: not living (rocks, soil, water, dirt, sunshine, temperature, etc.
Biotic: living (animals, plants, predators, competitors, parasites, etc.)
27. What is a community? Give an example.
All of the different living things (populations) living in one area. Example: all of the grasshoppers,
crickets, moles, worms, and ladybugs living in my backyard.
28. What is a population? Give an example.
All of the members of one species living in one area. Example: all of the grasshoppers living in my
backyard.
29. Define and give an example of
Mutualism: 2 organisms both benefit each other; flower and a bee
Parasitism: 2 organisms and one benefits while the other is harmed; tapeworm and dog
Commensalism: 2 organisms and one benefits while one is not affected; whale and barnacles
30. If two organisms occupy the same niche (live in same area, eat the same type of food), what will
happen between the two? They will compete with each other for food, living and nesting spots.
COMPETITION
31. What does the cerebrum do? Thinking, reasoning, problem solving, understanding language
The cerebellum? Voluntary muscular movement, balance, posture
The brain stem? Vital life processes (breathing, blood pressure, heart rate)
32. If human, chicken, and fish embryos all share many similarities and look similar, what does this
suggest? Evidence for evolution; they share a common ancestor
33. What does Darwin’s theory of natural selection say? The organism that is the most adapted (most
fit) to survive in its environment is the one that will survive and produce more offspring.
34. In a series of rock layers, where do we expect to find earlier (older) layers of rock? Later
(younger) layers of rock? The youngest (later) layers are on the top, the oldest (earlier) layers are
more toward the bottom