8th Grade Spring Final Study Guide
Constitution
1. Why wasn't the Thirteenth Amendment enough to provide civil rights for all Americans?
A. Citizens constantly seek to improve their government.
B. The American government constantly adjusts to meet the needs of the citizens.
C. The Constitution continues to adapt to the needs of the citizens.
D. all of the above
2. Amendment 14 talks about the rights of citizens, in 1954 the Supreme Court ruled in what case
that segregation in public schools was unconstitutional because it denied equal protection?
Brown vs. Board of Education of Topeka, KS
3. Who was the person who filled in for the Vice President if he was absent for the Senate?
President pro tempore
4. The framers of the Constitution tried to develop a government that would
Preserve and protect the US Constitution
5. Which amendment ended slavery? 13th
6. Which amendment lowered the voting age from 21 to 18? 26th
7. The impeachment process must begin in the _House of Representatives_.
8. The safeguards that were put into the Constitution to ensure that one branch did not become
more powerful than the other branch: Checks and Balances
9. What are the powers of the Supreme Court?
Declare presidential and congressional acts unconstitutional
10. Under the federal system practiced in the United States, the final authority is the US
Constitution.
Federalist Era
11. What act increased the time required to become a citizen from 5 to 14 years?
Naturalization Act
12. What did Washington warn against in his farewell address?
- Against forming foreign alliances
- Development of political parties
- Involvement in financial assistance for the country
Age of Jefferson
13. When Thomas Jefferson became President of the United States, what was he able to
accomplish?
- Lowered the nation’s debt
- Kept the US at peace
- Purchased the Louisiana Territory
14. During the War of 1812, what was unusual about the Battle of New Orleans?
The war had already ended with a peace treaty being signed.
15. In which landmark case of the Marshall Court was judicial review established?
Marbury vs. Madison
16. What was President Jefferson’s original reason for wanting to acquire New Orleans?
To control the Mississippi Delta
17. In Gibbons vs. Ogden, the Supreme Court said that power over interstate commerce belonged to
Congress
18. “Great pride in one’s country” is the definition of _nationalism.
Industrial Revolution
19. What was the U.S. foreign policy statement, which warned Europe not to interfere in the
Western Hemisphere?
Monroe Doctrine
20. What are people called who invest their money in a business or an industry with the goal of
making a profit?
Capitalists
21. What was a significant change that came with the Industrial Revolution?
Large # of machines and workers under one roof
21. Which invention filled the need for a method of communication that kept up with the industrial
growth and fast-paced travel of the mid-1800s?
telegraph
22. Why did manufacturers in the United States welcome the 1828 tariff on manufactured goods
from Europe?
To ensure that American made goods were cheaper than European made goods
Age of Jackson
23. Study the flowchart of events during President Andrew Jackson's administration. Then choose
the answer that correctly completes the flowchart.
a. Indian Removal Act of 1830
b. Federal government recognizes Cherokee as a separate nation
c. Land-hungry settlers in Georgia and Alabama ask the government to relocate Native
Americans
d. Federal troops remove Cherokee from their homes and lead them west
24. Why did three times as many people vote in the presidential election of 1828 as voted in 1824?
Voting laws had changed to allow all white men the right to vote.
25. The Women’s Rights’ movement first began at the Seneca Falls Convention in 1848 with the idea
of getting more rights for women in voting, participation in government, ownership of property,
and jobs.
26. The Trail of Tears was the consequence of?
Federal legislation to clear Indians (Native Americans) from the Southeast
(Indian Removal Act)
27. Which people were forcibly removed from their native land in Florida?
Seminoles
Westward Expansion
28. Which group took the law into their own hands in Gold Rush society?
Vigilantes
29. What eventually ended the use of the Oregon Trail?
Transcontinental Railroad
30. By the 1850s most states had accepted that schools should be free and supported by taxes, that
teachers should be trained, and that children should be required to attend school. Which of the
following was NOT a problem that educators faced?
a. Schools were poorly funded
b. Many teachers lacked training
c. Many people opposed mandatory education
d. There were too many opportunities for women and African Americans
31. In the early 1800s, many Americans wanted to add California to the Union. What were some
reasons for wanting California to have statehood?
-Manifest Destiny
-CA provided excellent trade routes for ships
-National defense against naval attacks
32. What philosophy states that the United States was meant to extend its boundaries all the way to
the Pacific?
Manifest Destiny
33. Under whose presidential administration was the United States at war with Mexico?
James K. Polk
34. What was the name of the pass the Mormons used to get through the Rocky Mountains?
South Pass
35. Which states did the Mormon Trail pass through between Nauvoo and Salt Lake City?
Iowa, Nebraska, Wyoming, and landing in Utah
Road to Civil War and the Civil War
36. Who was the author of Uncle Tom’s Cabin?
Harriet Beecher Stowe
37. What were the advantages for the South?
Better military leaders
38. Where were the opening shots of the Civil War fired?
Ft. Sumter
39. What were the events that led to the Civil War?
Bleeding Kansas
Differences in Economy
Compromises
Presidential elections/senate elections
Slavery
Lincoln being elected president
Bloody Sumner
Raids
Dred Scott case
Fugitive Slave Law
Uncle Tom’s Cabin
John Brown
Kansas-Nebraska Act
40. Most controversies centered around slavery in _Deep South__.
41. Which book was Abraham Lincoln referring to in this quote? Uncle Tom’s Cabin
When Abraham Lincoln was introduced to Harriet Beecher Stowe during the Civil War, he said,
so, you “wrote the book that started this great war.”
42. The bloodiest day of the entire Civil War was the Battle of Antietam.
“. . . That on the first day of January, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and sixtythree, all persons held as slaves within any state or designated part of a state, the people whereof shall
then be in rebellion against the United States, shall be then, thenceforward, and forever, free; and the
Executive Government of the United States, including the military and naval authority thereof, will
recognize and maintain the freedom of such persons, and will do no act or acts to repress such persons,
or any of them, in any efforts they may make for their actual freedom. . . .”
43. This announcement by the President of the United States is a quotation from _______.
Emancipation Proclamation
44. When was Manassas, or Bull Run, fought?
July 21, 1861
45. The main goal of the North at the beginning of the war was to ___________________.
Reunite the country
46. Lincoln’s “Anaconda Plan” for winning the war called for?
- Blockade of southern ports
- Capturing Richmond
- Dividing the southern states
47. The terms of surrender General Grant offered to General Lee were designed to end the
war without causing further suffering or hatred.
Review
48. A system set up in which the colonies sole purpose was to make money for England was
called________.
mercantilism
49. John Locke believed that people had a natural right to life, liberty, and ___________.
property
50. What was the main impact of Common Sense in the colonies?
Declare independence
51. What are some examples of how cultural ideas can spread?
-colonization
-foreign trade
-military conquests
52. English and French traders’ quarrels before the French and Indian War took place
centered on land in the Ohio Valley.