th
20
East Asia in the
after WWII
c
East Asia’s Climb Back to Centrality
WWII – Histories Intertwined
1937 – Japanese invasion of China
• Guomindang & Communists reach alliance
– Following Communists’ Long March to
hinterlands, Guomindang left in cities to fight
Japanese alone
• Turning point in Chinese civil war
1945-1949: Chinese Civil war resumes
1949: Communist win
Communist China under Mao
“We must have faith in the
masses and we must have faith in
the Party. These are two cardinal
principles. If we doubt these
principles, we shall accomplish
nothing.”
Mao Zedong
“Protect the interests of the youth, women and
children - provide assistance to young students
who cannot afford to continue their studies, help
the youth and women to organize in order to
participate on an equal footing in all work useful to
the war effort and to social progress, ensure
freedom of marriage and equality as between men
and women, and give young people and children a
useful education....”
Mao Zedong
Mao
• Wanted to help China by…
– Helping poor farmers
– Create classless society & economic equality
– Set up a dictatorship to force changes
• Totalitarian = government w/ total control
• In other words, he was a hardline communist
Mao’s Great Leap Forward
• 1950s
• Wanted China to take a great leap forward by
using peasants to industrialize
• Created communes of collective farming
– Farmers forced to meet quotas & turn harvest
over to government
• Huge failure – resulting in famine
– Peasants too uneducated to industrialize
Backyard Furnaces
Close Cropping
Campaign Against the Sparrows
Mao’s Cultural Revolution
• 1960s
• Effort to keep communist energy &
revolutionary spirit going
– Create youth groups called Red Guard
– Wrote book called: Little Red Book
• Tried to end old ideas & capitalism
• Huge failure: Attacked educated professionals
How has Chinese family life changed?
• Tried to weaken influence of family
• Women gained legal equality
– Allowed choice in marriage
– Ended footbinding
– Work & school opportunities
1-Child Policy:
slows population growth
Generation 1
Generation 2
Generation 3
Yet, today China has the world’s
nd
2 largest economy. How?
Answer?
Communist China under
Deng Xiaoping
Deng
• Led China in 1980s
• Wanted to help China develop with more
economic freedoms
– Industrializing & focusing on manufacturing
– Wanted to allow for profits (motivation)
– Kept tight Communist control of government
• No democratic reforms
• 1-Child Policy to reduce population
• In other words, he was a dictator who wanted to
keep Communists in power without using
communist ideas….a pragmatist
Four Modernizations
• Special Economic Zones
– Cities allowed to trade internationally and accept
foreign investment
• Responsibility System
– Farmers given reduced quotas so extra harvest
could be sold for profit
Tiananmen Square Massacre
• 1989
• Students protest for democracy
• Government massacres 2000 protestors
Events
Govt
Response
Deng
• Led China in 1980s
• Wanted to help China develop with more
economic freedoms
– Industrializing & focusing on manufacturing
– Wanted to allow for profits (motivation)
– Kept tight Communist control of government
• No democratic reforms
• In other words, he was a dictator who wanted to
keep Communists in power but used more
practical efforts that blended capitalist &
communist ideas….a pragmatist
Closure
• What is the difference between Mao Zedong
and Deng Xiaoping? What the similarity
between Mao and Deng?
China Today
Liberalization of Chinese Economy
"Socialism with Chinese characteristics"
Liberalization of Chinese Economy
1992: “Socialist Market Economy”
Liberalization of Chinese Economy
China Today
• 2nd largest economy
– …but divided among almost 2 billion people
• Average Chinese person makes $10,000
• Average American makes $50,000
• Industrialized
– Economy based on manufacturing small, cheap
goods
– …but lots of pollution
Liberalization of Chinese Economy
2013 ECONOMIC DATA
United States
China
Japan
South Korea
Indonesia
Taiwan
Thailand
Hong Kong
Vietnam
Singapore
GDP (trillions $) PPP
$16.72
$13.37
$ 4.73
$ 1.66
$ 1.29
$ 0.92
$ 0.67
$ 0.38
$ 0.36
$ 0.34
GDP per Capita –
PPP
$52,800
$ 9,800
$37,000
$33,200
$ 5,200
$39,600
$ 9,900
$52,700
$ 4,000
$62,400
Growth
Rate
1.6%
7.6%
2%
2.8%
5.3%
2.2%
3.1%
3%
5.3%
3.5%
Population (millions)
& rank
318
(4th)
1,355
(1st)
127 (11th)
49 (27th)
253
(5th)
23 (52nd)
67 (21st)
7 (102nd)
93 (15th)
5 (116th)
Foreign Relations
• Tense relationship with Taiwan
– Taiwan: home of Nationalists after fleeing defeat in civil war
– Both sides claim rightful control of other
• Tense relationship with West
– Censors political rights & freedom of speech
• Dissidents & separatists are repressed (ex – Tibet)
– Britain returned control of Hong Kong to China in 1997