Albert Einstein (1879 - 1955) He is arguably at the pinnacle, if the popularity of all the scientists is taken into
account. He demonstrated solutions to a trio of mind-boggling topics in Physics in 1905 and shot into the
limelight.
Sir Isaac Newton (1642 - 1727) "Philosophiae naturalis principia mathematica" called "Principia" is
acknowledged as the greatest scientific book ever published. Sir Isaac Newton wrote this in 1687.
Galileo Galilei (1564 - 1642) He was the first to use the telescope for furnishing evidence that the Earth
revolves around the Sun. This postulate was in contrast to that held by the majority.
Charles Darwin (1564 - 1642) He was the first to use the telescope for furnishing evidence that the Earth
revolves around the Sun. This postulate was in contrast to that held by the majority.
Johannes Kepler (1571 - 1630) Kepler compiled the Mars data which enabled him to propose the "Three Laws
of Planetary Motion".
Louis Pasteur (1822 - 1895) Some of his works are: separation of mirror image molecules and effect of
polarized light, and identification of the parasite that was killing silkworms.
James Clerk Maxwell (1831 - 1879) He is known for the "Treatise on Electricity and Magnetism" published in
1873. Maxwell independently developed the "Maxwell-Boltzmann kinetic theory of gases".
Edwin Hubble (1889 - 1953) "Hubble's Law" stated that galaxies move away from each other at a speed
determined by the distance that separated them. He classified galaxies as per their distance, shape, brightness
patterns and content.
Emil Fisher (1852 - 1919) Some of his works are: synthesis of glucose, fructose, mannose starting with
glycerol, and establishing structures for the 16 stereoisomers of the aldohexoses with glucose as the most
prominent member.
Paul Dirac (1902 - 1984) He received a Nobel prize in 1933 for the work on anti-particles. The "Dirac
equation" was a version of the Schrodinger's equation.
Archimedes (287 - 212 BC) His major achievements are "The Archimedes principle in hydrostatics", the
Archimedes screw and the relation between the surface and volume of a sphere and the circumscribing cylinder.
Marie Curie (1867 - 1934) She won the 1903 Nobel prize in Physics and the 1911 Nobel prize in Chemistry.
Thomas Alva Edison (1847 - 1931) He set up the first industrial research laboratory in the world and was a
world record holder of 1093 patents.
Max Planck (1858 - 1947) He introduced the quantum and became the recipient of the Nobel prize for Physics
in 1918.
Nikola Tesla (1856 - 1943) In 1882, he stated the rotating magnetic field principle and invented the alternating
current long-distance electrical transmission system six years later.
Aristotle (384 - 322 BC) His works include Physics, Metaphysics, Politics, Poetics, Nicomachean Ethics and
De Anima.
Leonardo da Vinci (1452 - 1519) He designed bridges, war machines, buildings, canals and forts.
Niels Bohr (1885 - 1962) In 1922, he won the Nobel prize for Physics. He developed the "Bohr theory of the
atom and liquid model of the atomic nucleus".
Nicholas Copernicus (1473 - 1543)
He theorized that the Sun was the fixed point around which the motions of the planets takes place. The Earth
rotates around its axis once in a day and slow alterations in the direction of this axis cause the precession of the
equinoxes.
Rene Descartes (1596 - 1650) He wrote "Meditationes de prima philosophia, in quibus Dei existentia and
animae a corpore distinctio, demonstratur" in 1641.
Wilhelm Conrad Rontgen (1845 - 1923) In 1901, he won the Nobel prize for Physics as he discovered X-rays.
Carl Sagan (1934 - 1996) He promoted the Search for Extra Terrestrial Intelligence and was a pioneer of
exobiology.
Jonas Salk (1914 - 1995) He developed a vaccine for polio in 1952.
Alexander Graham Bell (1847 - 1922) He is the inventor of the telephone and the metal detector.
Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman (1888 - 1970) He developed the Raman spectroscopy that provides
information regarding the molecular structure.
Ernest Rutherford (1871 - 1937)
He developed atomic theory in 1911 and classified forms of radiation.
Joseph John Thomson (1856 - 1940) He received the Nobel prize for Physics in 1907 and developed the mass
spectrograph.
William Ramsay (1852 - 1916) He independently discovered Helium and shared the discovery or Argon,
Krypton and Xenon.
Alfred Nobel (1833 - 1896) He was a chemist, engineer, innovator, and armaments manufacturer. He is also
the inventor of dynamite. He established a fund for the yearly Nobel prize in the areas of chemistry, physics,
literature, international peace and medicine.
William Thompson (1775 - 1833) He derived the second law of thermodynamics and proposed the Kelvin
temperature scale.
James Prescott Joule (1818 – 1889) One determines the rate at which heat is produced by an electric current by
using Joule's law.
Henry Bessemer (1813 - 1898) He invented an economical steel-making procedure that burnt off impurities.
Robert Bunsen (1811 - 1899) He developed the spectroscope and discovered Cesium and Rubidium.
Thomas Graham (1805 - 1869) He developed a technique to separate crystalloids from colloids, which is
called "dialysis".
Michael Faraday (1791 - 1867) He stated the laws of electrolysis in 1833.
Johann Wolfgang Dobereiner (1780 - 1849) He determined the relation between elements and their atomic
weight.
Amedeo Avogadro (1776 - 1856) He concluded that equal volumes of gases at similar conditions of
temperature and pressure have the same number of molecules.
William Henry (1773 - 1841) Henry's Law states that the amount of gas absorbed by water increases as the gas
pressure rises.
John Dalton (1766 - 1844) He developed the atomic theory.
Alessandro Volta (1745 - 1827) He invented the practical battery using cells of two types of metals.
Antoine Lavoisier (1743 - 1794) He recognized and named oxygen and disproved the phlogiston theory.
Charles Augustin de Coulomb (1736 - 1806) He discovered the law of force between two charged bodies.
Henry Cavendish (1731 - 1810) He discovered hydrogen and nitric acid.
Thomas Newcomen (1663 - 1729) He invented the steam engine. It was eventually replaced by James Watt's
improved design.
Robert Boyle (1627 - 1691) The Boyle's law describes the inversely proportional relationship between
absolute pressure and volume of a gas, that is, if the temperature is constantly maintained in a closed system
Blaise Pascal (1623 - 1662) The SI unit of pressure is named after him.