AP English Language
Flashcards
Rhetorical Analysis
Intro / Thesis
-Hook
-Author, Title, Claim, Rhetorical Tools with Modifiers(3)
-Contrast or Shift, and Universal Idea
Body
-Tools with Modifiers (3)
-Quotes / Examples
-Explanations – How the tools manifest the shift/contrast and/or how they
connect to the Universal Idea
Conclusion
-Discuss connection with the tools and the Author’s Purpose and the Universal
idea
Rhetorical Analysis
Common Tools Used With Persuasion
1. Appeals (Logos, Ethos, and Pathos) Use logical appeal, ethical appeal and
emotional appeal not Greek terms and tell how and why the writer uses them
2. Repetition
3. Juxtaposition
4. Evidence
5. Analogy / Metaphor
6. Syntax
7. Diction
8. Tone
Never say diction, syntax or tone
without putting an adjective in front of
the word or discussing the impact of it
on the purpose.
Rhetorical Analysis
Common Tools Used With Narrative
1. Point of View
2. Imagery
3. Narrative Structure (order, flashback, foreshadowing, etc.)
4. Metaphor
5. Syntax
6. Diction
7. Tone
Never say diction, syntax
or tone without putting
an adjective in front of
the word or discussing
the impact of it on the
purpose.
Rhetorical Analysis
Common Tools Used With Expository / Informational
1. Selection of Details
2. Organization
3. Idea Development
4. Imagery
5. Metaphor
6. Syntax
7. Diction
8. Tone
Never say diction, syntax or tone
without putting an adjective in
front of the word or discussing the
impact of it on the purpose.
Rhetorical Analysis
Common Tool Used With Satire
1. Irony**
2. Exaggeration (understatement / overstatement)
3. Allusion
4. Symbolism
5. Purpose (criticize, mock, reform, etc.)
6. Metaphor
7. Syntax
8. Diction
9. Tone
Never say diction, syntax or tone without
putting an adjective in front of the word
or discussing the impact of it on the
purpose.
Argument
Thesis
-Qualifier, Author, Title, Claim, Proofs, and Universal Idea
Body
-Proofs (Examples to Prove the Claim) (3)
-Literature (at least one proof must be from classic lit.) -Current
Events -Pop Culture -Science / Technology –History –Politics –Sports
-Personal Experience
Conclusion
-Connect proofs to Universal Idea
-Connect overall argument to the Human Condition or Modern World
Synthesis
Introduction
-Identify / Clarify the Issue
-Thesis
Body
-Reasons (@ least 3 reasons, 1 per paragraph)
-Explain
-Support (from sources – 2 sources for each reason – may use sources more than
once)
-Significance of Support (“Evidence shows….”)
Conclusion
-Connect to Universal Idea
-Connect to Human Condition or Modern World
UNIVERSAL IDEAS ( abstract nouns/thematic ideas/bigger isssues)
ALIENATION
FAMILY
ATONEMENT
FATE
BEAUTY
FEAR
BETRAYAL
FREE WILL
COMMUNITY
FREEDOM
COURAGE
GENDER ROLES
CURIOSITY
GLUTTONY
CYNICISM
GREED
DEATH
GRIEF
DEMOCRACY
GUILT
DEPRESSION
HAPPINESS
DESIRE
HEALTH
DIGNITY
HEROISM
DISOBEDIENCE
HONOR
DUALITY OF MAN
HOPE
DUTY/HOME
HUBRIS (overweening pride)
DYSTOPIA
HUMILITY
EGO
IDEALISM
ENVY
IDENTITY
FAIRNESS/EQUITY
IMAGINATION
INNOCENCE
RELATIONSHIP
INSPIRATION
RELIGION
ISOLATION
RESPECT
JOURNEY
RESPONSIBILITY
JUSTICE
REVENGE
LABOR
RITUAL
LIBERTY
ROMANTICISM
LONELINESS
SALVATION
LOVE
SELF-DISCOVERY
LUCK
SPIRITUALITY
MATERIALISM
SUCCESS
MATURATION
SUPERIORITY
MORALITY
SURVIVAL
NARCISSISM
TEMPTATION
PASSION
TRADITION
PATRIOTISM
TRAGEDY
PERSERVERANCE
TRUTH
POWER
TYRANNY
PRAGMATISM
UNDERSTANDING
PRIDE
UTOPIA
PREJUDICE: classism/sexism/racism
WRATH
REBIRTH/RENEWAL