Table of Contents
FORMAT YOUR ESSAY USING MLA STYLE
page
2
DOCUMENTATION REQUIREMENTS AND GUIDELINES
page
4
page
5
IN-TEXT CITATIONS IN MLA STYLE
Writing Style and Usage of Quotations
5
Technicalities of In-text Citations
6
Examples of In-text (Parenthetical) Citations
7
WORKS CITED IN MLA STYLE
Fundamentals
page 10
Technicalities of Generating each Source Entry
10
Final Formatting of your Works Cited or Works Consulted
11
Abbreviations for information you cannot supply in the citation
11
Works Cited in MLA Style – Sample of the Page
12
WORKS CITED IN MLA STYLE – EXAMPLES OF ENTRIES
Books (as a whole) – Print
page 13
Part/Section in a Book – Print
14
Book/Work (as a whole) – Online
14
Part/Section in an Encyclopedia, eBook, or Multi-volume Set – Online
15
Part/Section (from an original publication) Reprinted – Print or Online
15
Part/Section in a Periodical (magazine, newspaper, journal) – Print/Online 16
Visual and Audio Media
16
Social/Interactive Media
18
Website
19
Part/Section within a Website
19
Works Cited Tutorial
page 20
Make Notes Tutorial
page 22
Works Consulted
page 23
St. Augustine Catholic Secondary School
Page 1
FORMAT YOUR ESSAY USING MLA STYLE
The MLA Handbook (7th edition, 2010) is the guide that is used commonly in
humanities courses including English, History, and Arts.
General Guidelines for Page Layout

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Print on standard white bond paper
Use a common font like Arial or Times New Roman in 12 point pitch (size)
Use a consistent font for all titles, a consistent font for all subtitles, and a consistent font for all
main text
Margins on all sides should be approximately 2.54 cm (the default in Word)
Centre the title and capitalize main words
The entire paper, including headings, all quotations, and the Works Cited, should be double-linespaced
Indent the first line of new paragraphs; do not put extra line spaces between paragraphs
Leave either one or two spaces after a period, consistently throughout the work
Assignments in MLA do not use title pages unless your teacher requires one; instead, all “title
page” information appears on page 1 at the top left
Your last name should appear in the top right hand side of each page with page number
Set up a header (found under ‘Insert’. The header will automatically repeat on each page, with
sequential page numbers
Sample First Page
1”
Joan Smith
Put this information
in the body of page
one, NOT in a header
or text box.
Consistent
double-line
spacing
throughout
Mr. Whittaker
ENG 3C1
10 September 2013
Stargirl as a Christ-figure
Centre title and format correctly,
i.e. title of book in italics.
If Jesus walked through the halls of St. Augustine, would He (or She)
be respected and seen as ‘cool’, or would He be ridiculed? How would you
1”
regard Him? The narrator in Jerry Spinelli’s Stargirl, is changed through his
1”
St. Augustine Catholic Secondary School
Page 2
Setup of Second and Subsequent Pages

The four title page lines of ‘title page’ information should NOT appear on the second page.

Each new paragraph should be indented one tab or five spaces. Do not put extra line spaces
between paragraphs.
Doe 2
it is clear that Fitzgerald is attempting to shed some light on the direction
The header begins
on page 2; it
includes your last
name and
sequential page #
America was heading after the First World War.
When the war ended, Americans wanted to forget the hardships and
turmoil of the previous years and concentrate upon the youthful glory and
excitement, which became characteristic of the Jazz Age. “Jazz had been
(used with permission from McGhie)
Notes on Writing Style:
 Use formal, standard English. Avoid slang, colloquialisms and text-messaging short
forms
 Do not use contractions. (Use “do not” instead of “don’t” and “is not” instead of
“isn’t.”)
 Do not use first person (I, me, us, we) unless you are writing a personal essay
 Be consistent with verb tense. Literary essays are typically written in present verb
tense ex. becomes, realizes, etc.
 Place quotation marks around the title of a part within a work, e.g. poem, short
story, essay, magazine article, chapter of a book, section or page within a website,
etc.
 Italicize the title of a work, e.g. name of newspaper, magazine, journal, book, movie,
play, TV program, website, etc.
 The title of a book of the Bible is neither enclosed in quotation marks nor italicized
 One or two word numbers should be spelled out, but numbers that are three or
more words should be represented in digits (MLA 81)
St. Augustine Catholic Secondary School
Page 3
DOCUMENTATION REQUIREMENTS AND GUIDELINES
You MUST acknowledge the original source for any and all information you use in any kind
of report, essay, or presentation that you write. The purpose of documentation is twofold: to
give credit where credit is due, and to allow your reader to track down your sources.
Every acknowledgement has TWO locations/parts
1.
In-text Citation – acknowledgement of a source used, placed immediately at the point
where it is used – after a quotation or after a paraphrased section. The bare detail (most
commonly author’s last name and the page of the quotation or information) of the source is
given in parentheses and it directs the reader to the complete source entry which appears in
the Works Cited.
2.
Works Cited, Works Consulted, or References – the list of sources used, with
complete publication detail, for each source. It begins on a separate page at the end of your
work. The first word of each citation is used in-text, placed in parentheses.
Works Cited – includes all works which you cited within your work – in MLA style
Works Consulted – includes works which you cited in your work and those you read, but
didn’t make direct use of in your work – in MLA style
References – includes all works which you cited in your work – in APA style
Your teacher will dictate which style is to be used for documentation. The two styles that are used
most commonly are those of the Modern Language Association (MLA) and the American
Psychological Association (APA).
Using
Using MLA
APA Style
Style
“Why
do I represents
need to learn
APA style
a
MLA
style?”among
MLA scholars
style
consensus
represents
a consensus
in the science
fields on the
among
teachers,
scholars,
conventions
of documenting
and
librarians
in thetofields
of is the
research.
Unique
this style
language,
and the humanities,
on
placementliterature,
of date information
as the
the
conventions
of documenting
second
item in the
source recordresearch.
…
because you would rather read ‘new’
science than ‘old’ science?!
St. Augustine Catholic Secondary School
Page 4
IN-TEXT CITATIONS IN MLA STYLE
The in-text citation reveals the source that was used right at the point where it was used. This citation
is alternately called a parenthetical citation or parenthetical reference.
“Usually the author’s last name and a page reference are enough to identify the source
and specific location from which you borrowed material” (MLA 214).

In parentheses you should provide the last name of the author. If the author is not named, the
title of the article (in quotation marks) or the title of the work (in italics) should be listed. The
word(s) that appear first in the Works Cited, should appear in parentheses in your work with the
page number of the quotation (MLA 214-215). Sentence punctuation is placed after the reference
in parentheses.
Writing Style and Usage of Quotations

“Whether set off from the text or run into it, quoted material is usually preceded by a colon if the
quotation is formally introduced and by a comma or no punctuation if the quotation is an integral
part of the sentence structure” (MLA 102).
Shelley held a bold view: “Poets are the unacknowledged legislators of the World” (794).
Shelley thought poets were “the unacknowledged legislators of the World” (794).
“Poets”, according to Shelley, “are the unacknowledged legislators of the World” (794).
(MLA 102)

“Construct a clear, grammatically correct sentence that allows you to introduce or incorporate a
quotation. . .” (MLA 92)

Lead up to your quotation by giving the speaker and the situation. Do not assume that the
reader knows the exact part of the book that you are quoting.
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Avoid the use of artificial phrasing such as “This quotation proves…”

Follow up your quotation by commenting on, explaining, applying, interpreting, or drawing a
conclusion from your quotation. Do not leave the reader to do the work! Never move on to a
new point or paragraph immediately after the quotation.

Introduce and follow up on each quotation separately. Do not string them together.

Avoid overly long quotations. Try to pick out the essential part that proves your point, or is
particularly vivid, apt, or relevant.

Remember that quotations are not a substitute for argument. Your well-developed argument is
what will make a good essay and not a series of quotations strung together by “ifs, ands, and
buts”.
St. Augustine Catholic Secondary School
Page 5
Technicalities of In-text Citations

Sentence punctuation is placed after the end bracket of the parentheses

If it is perfectly clear within the cadence of the sentence who the author of the quotation is, you
can place just the page number (67) in brackets. If the author of a quote might be unclear in the
cadence of the sentence, especially when more than one source is quoted, do provide that
author’s last name in parentheses (King 157). Your teacher may require you to include the author
of the quote in brackets, regardless.

Short quotations of one to four lines are enclosed by quotation marks and incorporated into the
body of the assignment

Long quotations of more than four lines are set off from the body of the assignment by indenting
the lines 10 spaces (or two tabs) on the LEFT side of the margin only. Type the quotation
double-line-spaced, without using quotation marks. Do not indent the first line of the quotation
more than the others unless you are quoting two or more paragraphs. Shakespeare and poetry
are an exception to the indenting rule – see examples which follow

Exception alert! In the case of a long quotation, its punctuation is placed at the end of the quote,
before the citation’s parentheses

If you leave anything out of a quotation, put in three spaced dots (an ellipsis . . .) to show the
omission

Do not put ellipses at the beginning or end of the quotation unless the individual sentence
involved is incomplete.

If you make any change in a quotation for clarity, put the extra words in square brackets, i.e.
McKye states that “[we should] consider if the monarchy is important to Canada” (45).

If there is a spelling error in the quotation you wish to use, you must write the word as it appears
in the text and then put (sic)—which means “thus”-- beside it in parentheses, i.e., Nanny Jo says
“A connexion (sic) between parents is essential” (62).
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For two books by the same author, add the title (or a short form of it) in italics, and the page
number-- (King Firestarter 203) and (King Cujo 88).

If no author is listed on a website, take another look to determine if the site is worthy of mention.
If yes, use the title information by which it is alphabetized in the Works Cited.
Make Notes while you Read – include quotations, paraphrasing, summary, main ideas…
Keep record of each source (all publication details) right when you are reading and
taking notes from it. Record facts and details in your own words and write questions
that arise in your mind. Highlight and circle to draw your attention to key things.
St. Augustine Catholic Secondary School
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Examples of In-text (Parenthetical) Citations
Short Quotation with Author – Example:
Wordsworth stated that Romantic poetry was marked by a "spontaneous overflow of powerful
feelings" (263).
Romantic poetry is characterized by the "spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings"
(Wordsworth 263).
Paraphrase (instead of quote)
Wordsworth extensively explored the role of emotion in the creative process (263).
Corresponding Works Cited Entry
Wordsworth, William. Lyrical Ballads. London: Oxford, 1967. Print.
Long Quotation – Example:
Nelly Dean treats Heathcliff poorly and dehumanizes him throughout her narration:
They entirely refused to have it in bed with them, or even in their room, and
I had no more sense, so, I put it on the landing of the stairs, hoping
it would be gone on the morrow. By chance, or else attracted by hearing his
voice, it crept to Mr. Earnshaw's door, and there he found it on quitting
his chamber. Inquiries were made as to how it got there; I was obliged to
confess, and in recompense for my cowardice and inhumanity was sent out of
the house. (Bronte 78)
Note that the period comes
before the citation in the
case of a long quotation.
Long Quotation with Unknown Author – Example:
We see so many global warming hotspots in North America likely because this region has
“more readily accessible climatic data and more comprehensive programs to monitor and
study environmental change . . .” (“Impact of Global Warming” 6).
Corresponding Works Cited Entry:
“The Impact of Global Warming in North America.” Global Warming: Early Signs. N.p.
1999. Web. 23 Mar. 2009.
St. Augustine Catholic Secondary School
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Authors with Same Last Names – Example:
Although some medical ethicists claim that cloning will lead to designer children (R. Miller 12), others
note that the advantages for medical research outweigh this consideration (A. Miller 46).
Work by Multiple Authors – Example:
Smith, Yang, and Moore argue that tougher gun control is not needed in the United States (76). The
authors state, "Tighter gun control in the United States erodes Second Amendment rights" (Smith,
Yang, and Moore 76).
Multiple Works by the Same Author – Example:
Lightenor has argued that computers are not useful tools for small children ("Too Soon" 38), though
he has acknowledged elsewhere that early exposure to computer games does lead to better small
motor skill development in a child's second and third year ("Hand-Eye Development" 17).
Citing the Bible – Example:
Ezekiel saw "what seemed to be four living creatures," each with faces of a man, a lion, an ox, and an
eagle (New Jerusalem Bible, Ezek. 1.5-10).
Multiple Citations – Example:
In so doing the country denies the rights of their youngest citizens (Burke; Kielburger).
Adding/Omitting Words – Example for Adding Words:
Jan Harold Brunvand, in an essay on urban legends, states: "some individuals [who retell urban
legends] make a point of learning every rumor or tale" (78).
Note: Your teacher dictates whether the name of an author already mentioned in
the sentence should be provided again in parentheses. Be sure you know what
your teacher wants. Be consistent in applying the rule throughout your paper.
The MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers Seventh Edition., found in your
library, contains more examples of how to build a citation into your sentence.
St. Augustine Catholic Secondary School
Page 8
Shakespeare (and Poetry) – Examples
When quoting Shakespeare list the act.scene.line(s). Use ordinary numbers with periods (no
spaces) in between.
(Act 1, Scene 7, Lines 12-16)
(I, vii, 12-16)
(1,7,12-16)
√
(1.7.12-16)
Long Quotation

Quotations of four or more lines are handled as long quotations.

Be sure to reproduce the quotation exactly, including the length of the poetic lines, capital
letters, and punctuation
Schmidt 3
that Macbeth is, at first, reluctant to murder Duncan. He reminds
“When a verse
quotation begins in the
middle of a line, the
partial line should be
positioned where it is
in the original and not
shifted to the left
margin” (MLA 96).
himself:
He’s here in double trust:
First, as I am his kinsman and his subject,
Strong both against the deed: then, as his host,
There should be no
extra line spaces
before and after the
quotation. Double-linespace the quote as you
do the entire essay.
Who should against his murderer shut the door,
Not bear the knife myself. (1.7.12-16)
At first, Macbeth is very reluctant; it is only his “vaulting ambition” (1.7.27)
that causes him to go ahead with the deed. If ambition had not burned
Short Quotation

Quotations of one to three lines in Shakespeare and in poetry, are handled as short
quotations but a slash (/) is used to show the start of a new line.
Schmidt 3
Although Hamlet seems to be a man of action when he says “Haste
me to know’t, that I, with wings as swift / As mediation . . . / May sweep
to my revenge” (1.5.35-37), it quickly becomes obvious that he is
St. Augustine Catholic Secondary School
Page 9
WORKS CITED IN MLA STYLE
Fundamentals

The list of works you used in your research should appear at the end of that assignment.
Build this list while you research. Title a document Works Cited and add information for each
sources while you work, not later (MLA 129).

At the end of your research and writing process, you can format the Works Cited document. It
will be added as the last page(s) of your assignment. If the text of your research paper ends
on page 5, the Works Cited list begins on page 6 (MLA 130).

The entries must be listed in alphabetical order, by the first letter of the first word, regardless
of whether that word is the author’s last name, or not.

The list is never numbered.
Technicalities of Generating each Source Entry
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Each citation begins with the author’s last name if at all possible
If any information is unavailable (ex. author), proceed to the next detail without it
Begin each entry flush with the left margin; if an entry runs more than one line, indent the
subsequent line or lines one-half inch from the left margin (MLA 131).”
Double-line-space between the title and the first entry. Continue to double line space the
entire document.
Place in quotation marks the title of the particular part/section (article, chapter, image, etc.)
within the work that you used. Place a period inside the end quotation mark
In each entry the title of the work or website appears in italics
List only the place of publication which is geographically nearest to where you are
If your teacher is likely to recognize the city of publication, you don’t need to include the state
or province
You can shorten the name of a publisher, leaving off Ltd. or Publisher, for example
If multiple publication dates are given, the most recent copyright or update information should
be cited
*New* Identify in the entry the format of the source, i.e. Print. Web. Film. Television.
Photograph.
For a web source, the format is indicated before the date of access
You can single space or double space after punctuation in the entries. Most important, be
consistent with single or double spacing. Whichever spacing you use in your work, you
should use in the Works Cited
Your teacher has final say on all matters of format. If they would like you to provide the URL
for all websites, for example, do so at the end of the citation, enclosed in < > brackets
St. Augustine Catholic Secondary School
Page 10
From the moment you begin making notes, ALSO record the details of each source – on paper, or
in a computer document – on a page just for citation details or on your note making pages. Later in
the process, you can format each entry and the document as a whole, following the guidelines.
See examples of format for individual entries in Documentation in MLA Style, 2013
See the box below for how to format the page as a whole
FINAL Formatting of your Works Cited or Works Consulted
1. ‘Centre’ the title Works Cited or Works Consulted at the top of the document
2. ‘Highlight’ all text (left click and drag over the content).


Select ONE font style and size/pitch for all content
Select double line spacing in the toolbar under ‘Paragraph’
3. The first line of each new entry should begin at the left margin; second and
subsequent lines of text for each entry should be indented by one ‘tab’
4. ‘Cut’ and ‘Paste’ items to place them in alphabetical order.
5. University level: copy and paste your Works Cited to the end of your assignment
document, so that it contains the assignment’s header and sequential page
number(s).
Abbreviations for information you cannot supply in the citation
n.p. indicates no publisher was given
n.d. means no date of publication was given
(MLA 179)
Do I include the URL? If your teacher requests it, yes!
Add it to the end of your citation, with < > symbols surrounding it, and with the URL not underlined.
St. Augustine Catholic Secondary School
Page 11
Works Cited in MLA Style – Sample of the Page
Doe 6
Works Cited
Adams, Douglas. The Hitchhiker’s Guide to the Galaxy. London: Pan Macmillan,
2005. Print.
“Beemo.” Urban dictionary. N.p, n.d. Web. 5 Oct. 2013.
“Credible Sources Count.” Tutorial. Vaughn Memorial Library. Acadia University,
2008. Web. 28 Jan. 2011.
Frost, Robert. “The Road Not Taken.” (1916). Representative Poetry Online.
Ed. Ian Lancashire. University of Toronto Libraries, 1994 - present.
Web. 25 Jan. 2013
Howes, Kelly King. Harlem Renaissance. Ed. Christine Slovey. Detroit: UXL,
2001. Print.
Johnson, Lyn. “For Better or For Worse.” Comic Strip. The Toronto Star.
4 May 2002: 26. Torstar Corp. Print.
Montgomery, L.M. Anne of Green Gables. Prod. David Edwards et al. (1946).
Toronto: Ryerson Press, 2008. Project Gutenberg Canada. Web.
23 Jan. 2013.
“Wikis in Plain English.” Video. Common Craft. Prod. Lee LeFever. YouTube,
30 May 2007. Web. 24 Jan. 2013.
St. Augustine Catholic Secondary School
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Works Cited in MLA Style – Examples of Entries
Book (as a whole) – Print
Generic format:
Generic
format:
Author (last
name, first). Title of book. Editor (if applicable). Place of publication: Publisher, Year
of publication. Format.
Author (last name, first). “Title of chapter or segment.” Title of work. Place of publication:
Kind of Source
Works Cited Entry
In-text
Citation
One author
Rowling, J.K. Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone.
(Rowling 37)
Vancouver: Raincoast, 1997. Print.
Two or three
authors
Gavin, Mary L., Steven A. Dowshen, and Neil Izenberg. Fit Kids.
Toronto: Dorling Kindersley, 2004. Print.
(Gavin,
Dowshen and
Izenberg 88)
Four or more
authors
Volume in a series
Fu, Jia Fang, et al. Nanchang Sisters. Hamilton: Chisholm
Press, 2010. Print.
Kirkman, Robert and Tony Moore. The Walking Dead, Vol. 1: Days
Gone Bye. Berkeley, California: Image Comics, 2012. Print.
Editor, no author
(Fu et al. 16)
Reid, Mark, ed. 100 Days That Changed Canada. Toronto:
(Kirkman and
Moore 66)
(Reid 98)
HarperCollins Publishers. 2011. Print.
Author and editor
Howes, Kelly King. Harlem Renaissance. Ed. Christine Slovey.
(Howes xxiii)
Detroit: UXL. 2001. Print.
*Second or later
edition
*Author, translator,
and editor
Bible
Golding, William. Lord of the Flies. 1954. Boston: Faber, 1988.
(Golding 102)
Print.
De Cervantes, Miguel. Don Quixote. Trans. Ormsby. Ed. Joseph R.
Jones and Kenneth Douglas. New York: W. W. Norton, 1981.
The Jerusalem Bible. New York: Doubleday & Company, 1968.
Print.
(De Cervantes
56)
(Jerusalem
Bible, Ezekiel
3.2)
Corporate author
Milady. Milady’s Standard Cosmetology. Clifton Park, New
(Milady 46)
York: Thomson, 2004. Print.
Government
publication
Ontario Ministry of Education. Growing Success: Assessment,
(Ontario
Evaluation and Reporting in Ontario Schools. Toronto:
Ministry)
Queen’s Printer for Ontario, 2010. Print.
St. Augustine Catholic Secondary School
Page 13
*
Denotes a minor exception to the generic format shown at the top of the page
Part/Section in a Book – Print
Part/section = article, story, chapter, essay, poem, play, document, image, map, chart …
Generic format:
Author (last name, first). “Title of part/section.” Title of book. Editor (if applicable). Place of publication:
Publisher, Year of publication. Format.
Kind of Source
Works Cited Entry
In-text
Citation
*Signed part/section
Neilson, Keith. “Brave New World.” Masterplots Vol. 2. Ed. Frank
(Neilson 45)
in a multi-volume
N. Magill. Eaglewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Salem, 1976.
set with an editor(s)
Print.
Signed part/section
in an
Poe, Edgar Allan. “The Fall of the House of Usher.” Edgar Allan
(Poe 171)
Poe’s Annotated Short Stories. Ed. Andrew Barger. New
anthology/collection
York: Bottletree, 2008. Print.
with an editor(s)
Unsigned
“Research.” Webster’s Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the
part/section in a
English Language. New York: Gramercy Books. 1986.
book
Print.
Unsigned
part/section of a
book with a
Canadian Conference of Catholic Bishops. “The Profession of the
(“Research”
378)
(CCCB 51)
Christian Faith: The Creeds.” Catechism of the Catholic
Church. Ottawa: Publication Services CCCB, 1994. Print.
corporate author
Book/Work (as a whole) – Online
Generic format:
Author (last name, first). Title of book. Series title (if applicable). Editor/Producer/Transcriber (if applicable).
Date of original’s edition (if applicable). Place of publication: Publisher, Year of publication. Database/
/provider’s name (if applicable). Format. Date of access. <URL (if required)>
Kind of Source
Works Cited Entry
In-text Citation
eBook – non-
Montgomery, L.M. Anne of Green Gables. Prod. David Edwards et
(Montgomery)
subscription provider
al. 1946. Toronto: Ryerson Press, 2008. Project
Gutenberg Canada. Web. 23 Jan. 2013.
St. Augustine Catholic Secondary School
Page 14
eBook in a series –
Brown, Lois. Encyclopedia of the Harlem Literary Renaissance. Literary
subscription provider
(Brown 254)
Movements. New York: Facts On File, 2005. St. Augustine Library.
Web. 6 March 2013.
Part/Section in an Encyclopedia, eBook, or Multi-volume Set – Online
Part/section = article, story, chapter, essay, poem, play, document, image, map, chart …
Generic format:
Author (last name first). “Title of part/section.” Title of original publication (if reprinted from an original source).
Volume issue (Date): Page(s). Title of secondary source used. Editor (if applicable). Place (if
reasonable): Publisher/organization, Year. Page(s) (if applicable). Database name (if applicable).
Subscriber/provider (if applicable). Format. Date of access (if online). <URL (if required)>
Kind of Source
Works Cited Entry
In-text
Citation
Signed article –
Veatch, Richard. “League of Nations.” The Canadian Encyclopedia.
(Veatch)
encyclopedia online
Historica-Dominion, 2011. St. Augustine Library. Web. 23 Jan.
2013.
Signed article - ebook
Henke, Suzette A. "Maya Angelou’s Caged Bird as Trauma Narrative."
(Henke 244)
Critical Insights: I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings. Ed. Mildred R.
Mickle. Salem Press, 2009. Salem Literature. St. Augustine Library.
Web. 06 Mar. 2013.
Part/Section (from an original publication) *Reprinted – Print or Online
Part/section = article, story, chapter, essay, poem, play, document, image, map, chart …
Signed part/section
Callwood, June. “How Marilyn Bell Swam Lake Ontario.” Macleans
reprinted in an
(Callwood 72)
(1954). Rpt. in Canada in the Fifties. Ed. Michael Benedict.
anthology/collection
Toronto: Penguin Group, 2000. Print.
with an editor(s)
Unsigned
Freeman-Shaw, Elizabeth and Jan Haskings-Winner. “The Best Answer
(Freeman-
part/section
to
Shaw 187)
reprinted in an
Race Persecution.” Cartoon. Christian Science Monitor (16 Nov.
anthology/collection
1938). Rpt. in Canadian Sources: Investigated 1914 to the
with an author(s)
Present.
Toronto: Emond Montgomery, 2008. Print.
St. Augustine Catholic Secondary School
Page 15
Signed essay,
Lubet, Steven. “Reconstructing Atticus Finch.” Michigan Law Review 97
published in a
no. 6 (May 1999): 1339-62. Rpt. in “TKAMB by Harper Lee.”
journal, reprinted in
Contemporary Literary Criticism Vol. 194. Ed. Jeffrey W. Hunter.
a multi-volume set,
Detroit: Thompson Gale, 2005. 81-149. Literary Criticism Online.
provided online
Brampton Public Library. Web. 8 Feb. 2013.
(Lubet 120)
* Denotes a minor exception to the generic format shown at the top of the page
Part/Section in a Periodical (magazine, newspaper, journal) – Print or Online
Part/section = article, story, chapter, essay, poem, play, document, image, cartoon, chart …
Generic format:
Author (last name first). “Title of part/section.” Title of newpaper/magazine/journal Volume issue Date:
Page(s). Publisher/organization (if found). Database name (if applicable). Subscriber/provider (if
applicable). Format. Date of access (if online). <URL (if required)>
Kind of Source
Works Cited Entry
In-text
Citation
Signed cartoon in a
Johnson, Lyn. “For Better or For Worse.” Comic Strip. The Toronto
(Johnson 26)
newspaper – print
Signed article in a
magazine or journal –
print
Star. 4 May 2002: 26. Torstar Corp. Print.
Beaupre, Pascale, Heather Dryburgh and Michael Wendt. “Making
(Beaupre 29)
fathers ‘count’.” Canadian Social Trends Winter No. 90
2010: 26-34. Ottawa: Statistics Canada. Print.
Signed article in a
magazine or journal –
Mitchell, Penni. “The Big guns.” Herizons Winter 2010: 5. Canada
(Mitchell 5)
in Context. St. Augustine Library. Web. 13 Feb. 2013.
online database
Visual and Audio Media
Visual and audio media = picture, photograph, comic, map, composition, work of art, episode,
segment, audio/sound or video recording, film, scenes from a film …
Generic Format:
Name of main credit (if relevant). “Title of media.” Title credits (if useful). Original date (if
useful). Visual/audio media descriptor (if useful). Title of the program/publication/series/body of work.
Program credits (if useful). Name of the network/production company/distributor/provider (in
italics if it’s a database/archive), Date of broadcast/event/posting/update. Medium/format. Date
of access (if online). <URL (if useful)>
St. Augustine Catholic Secondary School
Page 16
Kind of Source
Works Cited Entry
In-text Citation
Signed image – web
MacKay, Graeme. “Beggar Bob Young.” MacKay Editorial
(MacKay)
Cartoons, 25 Jan. 2011. Web. 28 Jan. 2011
Unsigned image –
“Old Quebec City.” Photo. Country Reports, 2011. St. Augustine
subscription database
(“Old Quebec”)
Library. 25 Jan. 2013. Web.
Kind of Source
Works Cited Entry
In-text Citation
Original work of art
Gordon, Camille. “Anything is Possible.” Nov. 2009. Acrylic on
(Gordon)
– on exhibit
canvas. Images 2010. Living Arts Center Mississauga, May
2010. Exhibit.
Work of art – online
Thomson, Tom. “Wood Interior, Winter.” 1916. Oil on wood
exhibit
panels.
(Thomson)
McMichael Canadian Art Collection, 2010. Online Exhibit. 8
June 2011.
Audio or video
Carrier, Roch. “The Hockey Sweater.” 1979. Radio Broadcast.
recording – online
(Carrier)
Morningside. Host Peter Gzoski. The CBC Digital
archive
Archives Website, 29 Dec. 2004. Digital Archive. 28 Jan.
2011.
Audio or video
“Wikis in Plain English.” Video. Common Craft. Prod. Lee
recording – website
LeFever.
or station
(“Wikis”)
YouTube, 30 May 2007. Web. 24 Jan. 2013.
Sound recording –
Brooks, Jon. “In Flanders Fields.” by John McRae. Song. Ours
CD
and
(Brooks)
the Shepherds. Prod. Pat Simmonds and Jon Brooks, 2007.
CD.
Musical
composition – print
Musical
Composition – web
Film - web
“The Prayer.” Comp. by Carole Bayer Sager and David Foster.
(“The Prayer”)
Music Score. Warner Bros. Publications, 1999. Print.
Mendelssohn, Felix. “Wedding March.” Freehand Systems. 2006.
(Mendelssohn)
Web.
Shadeism. Documentary Film. Dir. Nayani Thiyagarajah.
(Shadeism)
Vimeo. n.d. Web. 25 Nov. 2010
Film – cinema
Avatar. Dir. James Cameron. 20th Century Fox. 2009. Cinema.
St. Augustine Catholic Secondary School
(Avatar)
Page 17
Film - DVD
Mouse. Dir. James Flaherty. The Dufferin Peel Catholic School
(Mouse)
Board and Peel Regional Police. 2008. DVD.
Social/Interactive Media
Generic format:
Author (if listed) “Title of the entry or segment.” Part/section descriptor (if useful). Name of the source
(if applicable). Sponsor/web server/organization (if listed), Date of posting/event/interaction.
Format. Date of access (if logical). <URL (if useful)>
Kind of Source
Works Cited Entry
In-text
Citation
E-mail
Iwasiw, Tom. “FW: New GAP procedures re PEDs.” Email to all
(Iwasiw)
St.
Augustine staff. DPCDSB. 28 Jan. 2011. Email.
Online tutorial,
conference, or
“Credible Sources Count.” Tutorial. Vaughn Memorial Library.
Acadia University, 2008. Web. 28 Jan. 2011.
(“Credible
Sources”
virtual seminar
Instructor’s notes
online
Holms, L. “Climate and weather note.” Class notes. Grade 9
(Holms)
Applied Geography. E.C. Drury High School, Milton, ON.
n.d.
Web. 31 Jan. 2011.
Blog entry
KingofBooks. “Beware of Baggers.” Blog posting. Burning Through
(KingofBooks)
Books. The Book Club at St. Augustine, Brampton. 27 Jan.
2013. Web. 13 Feb. 2013.
Comment on a blog
entry
The Bodes. “Re: Beware of Baggers.” Reply to KingofBooks blog
(The Bodes)
posting. Burning Through Books. The Book Club at St.
Augustine, Brampton. 6 Feb. 2013. Web. 16 Jan. 2013
Wiki entry
“Hip Hop Music.” Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. 29 Jan.
St. Augustine Catholic Secondary School
(“Hip Hop”)
Page 18
2011. Web. 30 Jan 2011.
Twitter entry with
Hadfield, Chris. “Istanbul…” Twitter. 25 January 2013. Web.
photo
(Hadfield)
25 January 2013. <pic.twitter.com/zMqYhtvl>
Class notes
Brennan, Nial. “Bioethics.” Class Notes. Grade 11 Biology. St.
(Brennan)
Augustine S.S., Brampton. 25 April 2010. Print.
Personal or
Miller, David. “Re: the next mayor.” Personal Interview. 15
telephone interview
Performance or live
(Miller)
November 2010.
Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde. Adaptation of the play by Robert Louis
presentation
Stevenson. St. Augustine Secondary School, Brampton.
adapted
May
(Dr. Jekyll and
Mr. Hyde)
2010. Performance.
Website
Generic format:
Author (last name first). Title of Website. Sponsor or publishing organization, Date of last update. Format.
Date Month Year of access. <URL (if useful or if required by instructor)>
Kind of Source
Works Cited Entry
In-text
Citation
Entire website with
Free the Children. Free the Children, 2010. Web. 20 Jan. 2011.
(Free the
Children)
organization as author
Part/Section within a Website
Part/section = article, story, chapter, essay, poem, play, document, image, cartoon, chart …
Generic format:
Author (last name first). “Title of part/section within the website.” Title of Website. Editor (if applicable).
Sponsor or publishing organization, Date of last update. Format. Date of access. <URL (if useful or if
required by instructor)>
Kind of Source
Works Cited Entry
In-text
Citation
Signed movie review –
Ebert, Roger. “They walk the walk. The talk, not so much.”
with named
Review of The Way Back. Dir. Peter Weir rogerebert.com.
sponsor/organization
Chicago Sun Times, 19 Jan. 2011. Web. 25 Jan. 2013.
St. Augustine Catholic Secondary School
(Ebert)
Page 19
Signed part/section –
Pressley, J.M. “Shakespeare’s Globe.” Shakespeare Resource
with no named
Centre. 15 January 2012. Web. 26 April 2010.
sponsor/organization
<http://www.bardweb.net/globe.html>
Unsigned part/section
– no named sponsor
“Prayer for our family #1.” Catholic Online, 2013. Web. 23 Jan.
(“Prayer”)
2013. <http://www.catholic.org/prayers/prayer.php?p=891>
Unsigned part/section
"Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD) and Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity
– publisher-managed
Disorder (ADHD)." Teen Health and Wellness. Rosen
website
(Pressley)
(Mitchell 5)
Publishing Group, Inc., 2013. St. Augustine Library. Web. 6 Mar.
2013.
*Signed poem –
editor-managed
website
Frost, Robert. “The Road Not Taken.” (1916). Representative Poetry
(Frost)
Online. Ed. Ian Lancashire. University of Toronto Libraries, 1994 - .
Web. 25 Jan. 2013.
* Denotes a minor exception to the generic format shown above the chart
Works Cited Tutorial – Fill-in-the-Blank Entries
Instructions: Decide which fill-in-the-blank template best matches the source you are using. Fill in all of the
blanks you can; place a slash through any blanks for which you can’t find the information.
Part/section = article, story, chapter, essay, poem, play, document, image, map, chart ...
Part/Section in a Book – Print
Author (last name, first). “Title of part/section.” Title of book. Editor (if applicable). Place of publication: Publisher,
Year of publication. Format.
__________________________. “ _________________________________.” ____________________________________.
“Title of part/section.”
Author.
Title of book (in italics).
________________. ______________________: __________________________, _____________. _Print__.
Editor (if applicable).
Place of publication:
St. Augustine Catholic Secondary School
Publisher,
Year.
Format.
Page 20
Part/section (article) in a Periodical (magazine, newspaper, journal) – Print or Online
Part/Section in an Encyclopedia, eBook, or Multi-volume Set – Online or Print
Author
Volume
Date: Page(s).
Author (last
(last name
name first).
first). “Title
“Title of
of part/section.”
part/section.” Title
Title of
of newpaper/magazine/journal
secondary source used. Editor.
Placeissue
(if reasonable):
Publisher/organization
found).
Database
name (if applicable).
Subscriber/provider
(if applicable). Format.
Publisher/organization,(if
Year.
Page(s)
(if applicable).
Database name
(if applicable). Subscriber/provider
(if
applicable).
Format.
Date of
access.
<URL (if required)>
Date of access
(if online).
<URL
(if required)>
____________________________. “___________________________.” ______________________________________.
____________________________. “____________________________________.”___________________________________.
“Title of part/section.”
“Title of part/section.”
Author.
Author.
Title of secondary source used (in italics).
Title of newspaper/magazine/journal (in italics).
Ed._______________. _______________: ___________________, _______. _______. ___________________________.
______________: _________. ________________________. _____________________________________.
Editor.
Volume issue Date:
Place (if reasonable): Publisher/organization,
Year.
Page(s). Database name (if applicable).
Page(s)
Publisher/organization.
Database name (if applicable).
____________________________________. ___________. _____________________. <
__ St. Augustine School Library_____. ___________. __________________. <
Subscriber/provider (if onine subscription).
Subscriber/provider (if online subscription).
>
>
Format.
Date of access (if online).
<URL (if required)>
Format.
Date of access (if online). <URL (if required)>
Visual and Audio Media
Name of main credit (if relevant). “Title of media.” Title credits (if useful). Original date (if useful). Descriptor of
media (if useful). Title of the program/publication/series/body of work. Program credits (if useful).
Name of the network/production company/distributor/provider/database/archive, Date of
broadcast/event/posting/update. Medium/format. Date of access (if online). <URL (if useful of required)>
_____________________________. “______________________________.” ________________________. ________________.
Main credit (if relevant)
“Title of media.”
Title credits (if useful).
Original date (if useful).
________________________. ____________________________________. _________________________.
Descriptor of media (if useful).
Title of the program/publication/series/body of work.
Program credits (if useful).
_________________________________, __________. ______________. _________________. <
Network/company/distributor/provider/database, Date.
St. Augustine Catholic Secondary School
Medium/format.
>
Date of access (if online). <URL (if useful or required)>
Page 21
Social/Interactive Media
Author (if listed) “Title of the entry or segment.” Part/section descriptor (if useful). Name of the source (if applicable).
Sponsor/web server/organization (if listed), Date of posting/event/interaction. Format. Date of access (if logical).
<URL (if useful)>
______________________. “_______________________________________________.” ______________________.
“Title of the entry or segment.”
Author.
Part/section descriptor (if useful).
______________________________. _____________________________________________.
Name of the source (if applicable).
Sponsor/web server/organization (if listed),
_________________________. ____________. ________________. <
Date of posting/event/interaction
Format.
Part/Section within a Web Site
Date of access.
>
< URL (if useful or required) >
*if you are citing the whole website, put a slash through “title of part/section.”
Author (last name first). “Title of part/section within the website.” Title of website. Editor (if applicable). Sponsor or
publishing organization, Date of last update. Format. Day month year of access. <URL (if useful or required)>
________________________________. “_________________________________.” ______________________________.
“Title of part/section within the website.”
Author (last name first).
Title of website.
___________________________._______________________________, __________________. ___________.
Editor (if applicable).
Sponsor or publishing organization,
Date of last update.
Format.
___________________. < ____________________________________>
Day month year of access.
<
URL (if useful or if required)
>
Draw a slash through any blanks which seem irrelevant or for which you cannot find information
When you type each citation, use continuous left to right lines (don’t leave blanks or include slashes!)
Notemaking Record
In-text citation: (
Motivating question/idea/topic(s)? Scan or skim the source first, if that will help.
)
Key words/phrases:
Facts and ideas from this source - in jot dots; make sense of info in your words
St. Augustine Catholic Secondary School
Page 22
Other perspective(s), or
type(s) of source(s) to
consider?
Next step/question(s)? Connect to other thinking, information, issues, experiences…
Indicate the reliability of this source with a checkmark on the scale
NOT RELIABLE - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - VERY RELIABLE
Criteria:
author is NOT named, or is named but convincing credentials are NOT found
“about us” is NOT present or it gives limited information about the publisher/site
publisher is NOT reputable or trustworthy, or NOT found
Criteria:
author is named AND their credentials are convincing
“about us” IS informative re. credibility/bias/influence
publisher IS reputable or trustworthy
Why do you give assessment: ______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________. “____________________________________________.”
Author (last name, first).
“Title of part/section.”
____________________________________. Ed._________________. _____________________:
Name of work (ex. book, website, periodical).
Editor (if applicable).
Place of publication (if reasonable):
______________________________. _____________________________, ________________.
Original publishing org (n.p. if not available).
Database name (if applicable),
Date of last printing/update.
____________________. ________________________. <
Medium/Format (Print or Web).
Date of access (if web).
>
<URL (if useful or required)>
Works Consulted
McGhie, Patti. St. Joan of Arc Assignment Guide. Mississauga: Dufferin-Peel Catholic
District School Board, 2012. Print.
MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers Seventh Edition. New York: The Modern
Language Association of America, 2009. Print.
“OWL Online Writing Lab.” Purdue University, 2009. Web. 11 Sept. 2010.
Together for Learning School Libraries and the Emergence of the Learning Commons.
St. Augustine Catholic Secondary School
Page 23
Toronto: Ontario Library Association, 2010. Web.
Toronto District School Board. Research Success @ Your Library. Toronto: Toronto
District School Board, 2010. Print.
St. Augustine Catholic Secondary School
Page 24