ANCIENT GREECE
I.
Geography
A. Located in the southern part of Europe’s ___________________;
very _______________________, and many I_____________.
(Island of Crete; Peloponnesus peninsula; Mt. Olympus).
1. Mountains _______________ and_________________the
Greeks on the mainland.
2. Greek people _______________ united under one government.
3. People depended on the ______________________ for their
living. (Aegean, Mediterranean, Ionian, Black)
B. Climate was _________; conducive to _______________ public
meetings. (theater, schools, government)
II.
Aegean Civilizations
A. __________________(2500 to 1450 B.C.)
1. concentrated on the island of __________________.
2. Wealthy people with ___________________ (indoor bathrooms,
fireboxes) who decorated with brigthly colored _____________
and enjoyed _____________ and ____________________.
3. Destroyed by a _________________ caused by earthquake.
B ___________________ (2000 to 1100 B.C.)
1. also lived on ___________; combined with _____________ to
form ancient Greece.
2. Married with local people (Hellenes) after extending boundary
to the _____________________.
3. Built stone walls for __________________.
4. Government kept detailed records of ____________, crops, and
_________________.
5. Overran by the ______________, which started the
“___________________” where written language ___________
with no records kept, trade stopped, and poverty.
a. Many ___________ to the mainland.
b. They restored both cultures into the ____________
Civilization, the original inhabitants of Greece. Hellenic
Civilization taught love for ___________, importance of the
__________________ relationship, and loyalty between
_______________.
III.
Hellenic Poets & Heroes
A. __________(700 B.C.)-wrote the epics ______________ & The
Odyssey
1. Illiad-a Trojan prince falls in love with Helen (wife of Mycenaen
prince). Helen is captured and taken to Troy, on which the
________________ lay seige for 10 years. The Greeks build a
huge ____________ and hide soldiers inside. The Trojans
believe they have won and take the horse into the city. That
night, the Greeks sneak out of the horse, capturing and
burning ___________- to the ground. The “Trojan Horse”
destroyed from within.
2. Odyssey-a homeward adventure of a _____________ king after
the Trojan War taking 10 years to return home. An odyssey is
a long _______________.
B. Heroes-teachers used the Illiad to teach ______________in Greek
civilization and heritage.
IV.
Greek Deities
A. Activities of gods & goddesses explained why people behaved as
they did. They believed deities caused physical storms to
happen.
1. _______________-wisdom & art;
2. _______________-goddess of agriculture;
3. _______________-goddess of love & beauty;
4. _______________-king of the gods; ruled the sky (weather).
5. _______________-god of wine & fertility. (play about this one)
6. _______________-god of light (sun) and phrophecy.
7. _______________-ruled the underworld.
B. Greeks ____________ their gods; they were total human forms.
They believed gods behaved like humans (married & had
children).
C. Deities possessed super human ___________ (physical & mental).
D. Humans tried to be like ________________ in every way possible.
E. 12 most important deities lived on _________________; each one
controlling a specific part of the _______________ world.
F. Religious __________________ were important part of Greek life;
Olympic Games honored ________________.
V.
The Polis (city-state)
A. This was the basic _________________________unit of Hellenic
civilization comprised of the ______________ and the
surrounding _________________ and _____________ (measured
about ________ days walking distance). The center of the city
stood on a fortified hill (_______________) with a temple for the
local deity. At the foot of the acropolis was the _________-public
square.
B. The polis was small enough that all citizens could take part in
business with 5,000-10,000 male citizens who __________, owned
___________, and held _____________. Women, slaves, and
foreigners had ______ part.
C. The polis was famous for trading of ________ and _______ oil
with a ______________ system.
VI.
Political and Social Change
-Kings lost power to landholding _______________ (wealthy nobles).
-Farmers had to obtain loans from aristocrats. When they were
unable to pay them back, they lost their ___________, becoming
________________ and ____________________.
-farmers were _____________________ in the Greek army, more
___________________ than a wealthy ________________.
-Other middle class working people (_______________) joined forces
with the farmers wanting a voice in _____________and
_____________.
-_______________seized power making promises to the farmers (low
& middle classes) and wanting citizenship.
-harshness of a few tyrants caused “_______________” to mean rule
by a __________ and _____________ person.
-citizens restructured their government into either an _____________
(small group of rulers) or ____________________ (rule by the
people).
-there were 2 democracies: 1. _____________; 2. ______________
A. Sparta
-descendants of ________________ invaders founded in southern
Greece. Land was invaded and farming people were taken as
slaves (____________) and assigned to farm the land. Artisans
and merchants were hired, but were considered free individuals,
called __________________i. Together, they outnumbered the
Spartans. To maintain power, they established a ______________
society.
1. Spartan Military
-_______________ revolved around the military. Men were the
_________________. Women ________________more soldiers.
Newborns were examined and the sickly left on a
____________. Young boys would go to military school,
learning to ________, _________, use ___________, and
__________. (If caught stealing, they were whipped publicly.
They would go barefoot and have one garment to wear and
having little to eat. After _______ years as a soldier, they
would marry at age ______, but continued to live and serve in
the military until _______, then they would retire.
2. Women in Sparta
-Involved in ______________, _____________, and __________.
They were to be as healthy and strong as possible. They
married at ____. If younger, they were less likely to have a
_________ child. They had no ___________ in government.
3. Government in Sparta
a. ___ kings ruled jointly, leading the _______ and
___________ services.
b. Legislative body had 2 housesi. The ______________ had most power, making laws and
decisions concerning war and peace. Male citizens over
20 served. There were five overseers (ephors) elected to
administer public affairs, and could veto legislation.
ii.
The Council of _________ were comprised of 28 men
over 60 who proposed legislation.
4. Spartan Culture
-people were exceptional _______________, always winning
the ______________ Games.
-they lagged behind ___________________, and in trade and
____________________.
B. Athens
-located in the central part of Greece.
-descendants of _________________.
-named after the __________________ Athena.
-included more citizens; all __________ men regardless of
________ or _________________ of land.
1. Athenian Tyrants (brought changes)
a. __________-extremely harsh penalties for breaking laws.
For minor offenses, such as stealing, the penalty was death.
“Draconian” means ________ and ___________. Laws were
written down, and aristocrats could not _____________.
b. _________________-improved economic conditions. He
canceled all ____________ and freed debtors from
____________ in Draco’s rule. Anyone could own a limited
amount of land. He promoted trade. Cash crops were
grown rather than grain. He ordered fathers to teach their
sons a skill. He set up a 2 house legislature: 1. Council of
________ (aristocrats); 2. Council of ______________
(commoners).
(Some thought Solon went too far.)
c. _____________-divided land among the _______________;
extended ________________ to the poor; gave poor loans;
and provided jobs for the poor by providing ___________
projects.
d. __________________-created laws that established a
__________________ for Athens. A tyrant was no longer
needed.
2. Athenian Democracy-lasted almost _______ years until the
___________________ overthrew them. This was more of a
direct _________________.
a. The ________________ was the major political institution.
All citizens were __________and guaranteed __________
and could belong to the Assembly. The Assembly passed
_______ and acted as the ________________. They chose
10 general to run a ________ and ___________.
b. The Council of ______ administered everyday ____________
business. They were chosen by a _______ drawing because
they thought elections _________. Good speakers had the
_____________ in an election.
c. ________________-majority vote needed for a verdict and
the jury was very large (______). The large size would keep
jurors from the influence of __________ and ____________.
d. ____________-each year, citizens would write the name of
an _________________ politician on a piece of baked clay
(_____________). If the name appeared on 6,000 ostracas,
the person was exiled for _____ years.
3. Education in Athens
-fathers were required to ____________ their sons. All citizens were
_______________ to hold public office. Girls did not receive a formal
education, learning to ____________ and ________. Boys went to school
from age ___ through ___. They learned The Illiad and the Odyssey by
heart. They studied _________, drawing, music, and _________. They also
studied _____________-public speaking. After school, they spend ___
years in the ________________.