Matter
Intro Chapter
Matter
• Anything that has mass and volume. It
is made up of atoms.
Atom
• The smallest unit of an element that
retains (keeps) the properties of that
element.
– Made up of a subatomic particles
Subatomic Particles
• Small particles of the atom
– Nucleus
• Protons ( + )
• Neutrons (neutral charge)
– Electron Cloud
• Electrons ( - )
Nucleus
• The part of the atom that contains the
protons and neutrons.
Proton
• A subatomic particle found in the
nucleus of an atom with a positive
charge.
+
Neutron
• A subatomic particle found in the
nucleus of an atom that has a neutral
charge.
n
Electron
• Subatomic particle found orbiting in the
electron cloud outside the nucleus that has a
negative charge.
-
Element
• A substance composed of a single kind of
atom.
H
He
C
N
O
Ne
Na
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Hydrogen
Helium
Carbon
Nitrogen
Oxygen
Neon
Sodium
Mg –
Al –
Si –
Ar –
Ca –
Fe –
Au –
Magnesium
Aluminum
Silicon
Argon
Calcium
Iron
Gold
Elements
• Each element is identified by it’s atomic
number.
Atomic #
Periodic Table
• A diagram showing the arrangement of the
elements according to their atomic numbers
so that elements with similar properties are
in the same column.
Periodic Table
Atomic #
Element Name
Chemical Symbol
Atomic Mass
Atomic Mass
Atomic #
Atomic Mass
# Protons = Atomic Number
# Neutrons = Atomic Mass- Atomic Number
# Electrons = Atomic Number
Atomic Mass
Atomic Mass
Atomic Mass
Atomic Mass
Atomic Mass
Compound
• A substance in which two or more elements
are chemically combined.
Mixture
• Two or more substances that are mixed
together but not chemically combined.