1. Which statement best describes a difference between
prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells?
a. The presence of both DNA and ribosomes in prokaryotic
cells indicates that they are more complex than eukaryotic
cells.
b. The larger size of prokaryotic cells indicates than they
are more complex than eukaryotic cells.
c. The presence of membrane-bound organelles in
eukaryotic cells indicates that they are more complex than
prokaryotic cells.
d. The larger size of eukaryotic cells indicates than they are
more complex than prokaryotic cells.
c. The presence of membrane-bound organelles in
eukaryotic cells indicates that they are more
complex than prokaryotic cells.
2. Ribosome : protein synthesis :: nucleus
:
a. Controlling cell activities.
b. energy release.
c. nutrient storage.
d. protein transport.
a. Controlling cell activities.
3. According to the cell theory,
a. the smallest unit of life is a nucleus.
b. animals but not plants are composed of cells.
c. a multicellular organism is composed of many
cells.
d. new cells arise only from pre-existing cells.
d. new cells arise only from preexisting cells.
4. Which is not a correct association of organelles and
functions?
a. Lysosome – intracellular digestion
b. Cell wall – regulation of molecule passage in and
out of animal cells
c. Vacuole – storage
d. Golgi apparatus (bodies) – packing materials for transport
b. Cell wall – regulation of
molecule passage in and out of
animal cells
5. If an active cell produces a material that will later be sent
out of the cell, which is the correct sequence of organelles
through which that material would travel?
a. ER  ribosomes  golgi apparatus
b. Ribosome  ER  golgi apparatus
c. ER  golgi apparatus  ribosome
d. Golgi  ER  ribosome
b. Ribosome  ER  golgi
apparatus
6. Both plant and animal cells have
mitochondria because they both
a. carry out photosynthesis.
b. have a large central vacuole.
c. have endoplasmic reticulum.
d. need ATP for energy.
d. need ATP for
energy.
7. Considering the history of microscopy, which
of these organelles would have been discovered
first?
a. Ribosome
b. Nucleus
c. Lysosome
d. ER
b. Nucleus
8. Considering the measures of surface area and
volume, explain why our bodies are composed of
trillions of very small cells rather than a few
hundred very large cells.
Cells must be efficient units that transport molecules in
and out of cells. Molecules like glucose (which is used
for energy) must be imported into the cell quickly so
that the cell can use it for energy. Cells must also be
able to rid itself of waste products quickly such as CO2.
Small cells transport molecules in and out more
efficiently than large cells.
A large cell might starve or be poisoned if it can’t take
in enough nutrients or get rid of waste fast enough.
9. Besides the mitochondria, identify
one similarity and two differences
between plant and animal cells.
Similarities: Plant and animal cells share most of
the same organelles: including ribosomes, ER,
mitochondria, and golgi apparatus.
Differences: Plant cells contain a cell wall (for
protection) and chloroplasts (for
photosynthesis); plants have one larger vacuole
to store water and pigments for photosynthesis;
animals have several small vacuoles; animals
have centrioles, plants do not
10. Explain why complex organisms
tend to be multicellular as opposed to
unicellular.
Complex organisms are multicellular
because multicellular organisms often
have differentiated cells, which allows
organisms to complete varied,
complex, differentiated tasks.
Unicellular organisms have one cell
that must perform all functions for the
organism.