Newton Laws of Motion ANNOTATED.notebook
November 30, 2011
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Newton Laws of Motion ANNOTATED.notebook
November 30, 2011
Any object at rest or constant velocity (in a straight line), will remain at rest or constant velocity (in a straight line), unless acted upon by an outside force. This is called
INERTIA . Inertia is the tendency of an object to keep doing what it is already doing.
Inertia has units of kilograms "kg". The greater the mass of an object, the greater the force is needed to change its motion.
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Newton Laws of Motion ANNOTATED.notebook
November 30, 2011
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Newton Laws of Motion ANNOTATED.notebook
November 30, 2011
The net force on an object is equal to the product of its mass and its acceleration.
Ʃ
Net Force = mass x acceleration
The metric system unit for force is called the Newton (N).
(Can you guess why?)
1 Newton = 1 kg
.
m / s
2
The English unit for force is called the Pound! one pound = 4.448 N
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Newton Laws of Motion ANNOTATED.notebook
November 30, 2011
For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.
Action = Force
Reaction = Force
Force = push or pull
It is impossible to apply a force on an object, such that it does not apply an equal and opposite force on the object pushing or pulling on it.
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Newton Laws of Motion ANNOTATED.notebook
November 30, 2011
A
(can be broken down into componets)
F
A
= F
AX
+ F
AY
N
G
F
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Newton Laws of Motion ANNOTATED.notebook
November 30, 2011
GENERAL PROCESS FOR NEWTON’S LAWS PROBLEMS
Step 1: Create a freebody diagram
A. Remove the object from its surroundings.
B. Replace all interactions with force vectors, taking care to indicate directions correctly.
C. Include mg (down), normal force, friction force, applied forces, contact forces, etc.
D. Any force that acts at an angle, indicate its X and Y components on the FBD
F
A
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Newton Laws of Motion ANNOTATED.notebook
November 30, 2011
F
A
F
N mg
F
AY
F
F
F
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Newton Laws of Motion ANNOTATED.notebook
November 30, 2011
A. Which way is the object moving? Make that the positive direction .
F
A
The positive direction!
B. Is the object accelerating in the X direction?
If yes, then Σ F
X
= ma
X
If no, then Σ F
X
= 0
C. Is the object accelerating in the Y direction?
If yes, then Σ F
Y
= ma
Y
If no, then Σ F
Y
= 0
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Newton Laws of Motion ANNOTATED.notebook
November 30, 2011
Step 3: Add X components and Y components of all forces.
Sums are X and Y components of net force Σ F . ( Σ F
X and Σ F
Y
)
ΣFX column ΣFY column
Place the right side of the Y force equation from step
2B here
Step 4: Use the columns to write force equations and solve for whatever is needed.
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Newton Laws of Motion ANNOTATED.notebook
November 30, 2011
mg
F
AY F
A
F
AX
F
F
F
N
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Newton Laws of Motion ANNOTATED.notebook
November 30, 2011
f
"mu"
F
N
Coefficient of Static Friction
Steel on Steel
Aluminum on Steel
Copper on Steel
Rubber on Concrete
0.74
0.61
0.53
1.0
Wood on Wood
Glass on Glass
0.25 0.5
0.94
Waxed wood on Wet snow
Waxed wood on Dry snow
Metal on Metal ﴾lubricated﴿
Ice on Ice
Teflon on Teflon
Synovial joints in humans
0.14
0.04
0.15
0.1
0.04
0.01
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Newton Laws of Motion ANNOTATED.notebook
November 30, 2011
A 20.0 kg box is being pulled by a rope with an applied force of 100.0 newtons. Draw the FBD for this situation. μ = 0.22
F
AY
F
F mg
F
N
F
A
F
AX
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Newton Laws of Motion ANNOTATED.notebook
November 30, 2011
A 20.0 kg box is being pulled by a rope with an applied force of 100.0 newtons. Draw the FBD for this situation. μ = 0.22
F
AY
F
F mg
F
N
F
AX
F
A
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Newton Laws of Motion ANNOTATED.notebook
November 30, 2011
A 150 kg box is being pulled by a rope at an angle theta (20 degrees) with an applied force of 600 newtons. Draw the FBD for this situation. μ = 0.11
F
AY F
A
F
AX mg
F
F
F
N
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Newton Laws of Motion ANNOTATED.notebook
November 30, 2011
A 150 kg box is being pulled by a rope at an angle theta (20 degrees) with an applied force of 600 newtons. Draw the FBD for this situation. μ = 0.11
F
AY F
A
F
AX
F
F mg
F
N
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Newton Laws of Motion ANNOTATED.notebook
November 30, 2011
A 12.5 kg box is being pushed with an applied force of 50.0 newtons. Draw the FBD for this situation. μ = 0.11
F
AY mg
F
A
F
F
F
AX
F
N
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Newton Laws of Motion ANNOTATED.notebook
November 30, 2011
A 12.5 kg box is being pushed with an applied force of 50.0 newtons. Draw the FBD for this situation. μ = 0.11
F
AY mg
F
A
F
F
F
AX
F
N
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Newton Laws of Motion ANNOTATED.notebook
November 30, 2011
A 250. kg box is being pushed at an angle theta (25
0
) with an applied force of 160. newtons. Draw the FBD for this situation. μ = 0.12
F
A
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Newton Laws of Motion ANNOTATED.notebook
November 30, 2011
A 2.5 kg box is being pushed at an angle theta (38
0
) with an applied force of 16.00 newtons. Draw the FBD for this situation. μ = 0.22
F
A
F AY mg
F
AX
F
F
F
N
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Newton Laws of Motion ANNOTATED.notebook
November 30, 2011
A 1.25 kg box is being pushed at an angle theta (43.8
0
) with an applied force of 125 newtons. Draw the FBD for this situation. μ = .08
F
AY
F
A mg
F
AX
F
F
F
N
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Newton Laws of Motion ANNOTATED.notebook
November 30, 2011 mg
F
N
F
AY
F
F
F
AX
F
A
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Newton Laws of Motion ANNOTATED.notebook
November 30, 2011
The box has a mass 33.4 Kg is at rest at the top of a ramp with an elevation angle of 60.5
0
. The ramp is 2.63 meters long and has a coefficient of friction μ = 0.305 . The box accelerates down the ramp to the bottom.
F
Parallel
F
N mg
F
F
F
A
F
AY
F
AX
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Newton Laws of Motion ANNOTATED.notebook
November 30, 2011
The box has a mass 33.4 Kg is at rest at the top of a ramp with an elevation angle of 60.5
0
. The ramp is 2.63 meters long and has a coefficient of friction μ = 0.305 . The box accelerates down the ramp to the bottom.
F
N
F
Parallel mg
AY
F
F
F
F
AX
F
A
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Newton Laws of Motion ANNOTATED.notebook
November 30, 2011
The box has a mass 33.4 Kg is at rest at the top of a ramp with an elevation angle of 60.5
0
. The ramp is 2.63 meters long and has a coefficient of friction μ = 0.305 . The box accelerates down the ramp to the bottom.
mg
F
Parallel
F
N
F
F
AY F
F
AX
F
A
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Newton Laws of Motion ANNOTATED.notebook
November 30, 2011
A box of mass 15.3
kg is held at rest against a vertical wall by a horizontal applied force of 563 N.
A. What is the weight of the box? 11.50e+02 N DOWN
B. What is the normal force on the box? 563 N RIGHT
C. What is the friction force on the box? 1.50e+02 N UP
D. What is the minimum coefficient of friction μ of the wall? 0.266
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Newton Laws of Motion ANNOTATED.notebook
November 30, 2011
A rope cannot be used to push an object across a flat surface. Strings, ropes, cables and chains are used in instances where a pull force is required. Hanging a weight onto the end of rope will pull on the rope. The pull force created by weight on the rope is called the tension force .
The best way to calculate tension force on a rope or cable is to
"be the rope" and draw the FBD for all the forces acting on the rope. The tension force will be the sum of all these forces.
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Newton Laws of Motion ANNOTATED.notebook
November 30, 2011
F
AY
F
A
F
N
F
F
F
AX
F
Parallel
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Newton Laws of Motion ANNOTATED.notebook
November 30, 2011
F
A
F
AY mg
F
F
F
AX
F
Parallel
F
N
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Newton Laws of Motion ANNOTATED.notebook
November 30, 2011
An Atwood machine is set up with m
1
= 153 grams and m
2
= 463 grams. The height of m
2
above the floor is 187 cm, and the system is released from rest. The pulley is frictionless.
A. What is the acceleration of this system? 4.93 m/s2
B. What is the tension in the string? 0.745 N
C. How long will it take for m
2
to reach the floor? 0.871 s
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Newton Laws of Motion ANNOTATED.notebook
A rhino (m
R
= 1260 kg) has to be airlifted after it is wounded by a poacher.
The rhino is placed in a harness attached by a steel cable to a helicopter (m
H
= 2820 kg).
The rotor on the helicopter provides a lift force (F
L
) vertically upward.
November 30, 2011
A. What are the lift force and the tension in the cable if the helicopter is accelerating up at 2.75
m/s
2
?
F
L
: 51200 N
F
T
: 15800 N
B. What are the lift force and the tension in the cable if the helicopter is hovering at rest?
F
L
: 4.00e+04 N
F
T
: 12300 N
C. What are the lift force and the tension in the cable if the helicopter is accelerating down at 2.35
m/s
2
?
F
L
: 30400 N
F
T
: 9390 N
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Newton Laws of Motion ANNOTATED.notebook
November 30, 2011
Two masses are connected by cables on a flat surface as shown. The masses are as follows: m
1
= 25.3
kg, and m
2
= 18.2
kg. A horizontal applied force (F
A
) pulls the masses across the floor with an acceleration of 8.08
m/s
2
. The coefficient of friction is μ = 0.299
.
A. What is the friction force on each crate?
F
F1
: 74.1 N
F
F2
: 53.3 N
B. What is the magnitude of the applied force F
A
? 479 N
C. What is the tension in the rope? 2.00e+02 N
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Newton Laws of Motion ANNOTATED.notebook
November 30, 2011
A contact force is a force between two objects (or an object and a surface) that are in contact with each other.
The best way to consider contact forces is to place yourself between the two objects. Consider what you would experience!
F
A m
2 m
1
If m
2
is accelerating the same as m
1
, the contact force would be equal to m
2 a plus F
F2
.
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Newton Laws of Motion ANNOTATED.notebook
November 30, 2011
Two masses are in contact on a flat surface as shown. The masses are as follows: m
1
= 25.3
kg and m
2
= 18.2
kg. A horizontal applied force of 5.20e+02 N accelerates the masses across the floor, which has a coefficient of friction of μ = 0.361
.
A. What is the friction force on each crate?
F
F1
: 89.5 N
F
F2
: 64.4 N
B. What is the acceleration of the masses? 8.42 m/s2
C. What is the contact force between m
1
and m
2
? 218 N
Since m
1
is touching or making contact with m
2, the force which m
1 is exerting on m
2
is called the contact force. The contact force is the force required to accelerate m
2
plus to overcome the force of friction.
F contact
= m
2 a + F
F2
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