Name: _________________________ Changing Populations and Limiting Factors Notes TERMS USED IN ECOLOGY: Community- Habitat- Ecosystem- CHANGES TO POPULATIONS: Populations increase by: Populations decrease by: 1) _______________ 3) _______________ 2) _______________(organisms entering the area) 4) _______________ (organisms leaving the area) Population Increase: Population Stability: Population Decrease: Limiting Factors – Anything that prevents populations from ___________ (death rate exceeds birth rate or emigration exceeds immigration). Without limiting factors reproduction > death Carrying Capacity (k)- Carry Capacity Overshoot #1 (stabilize) Seasonal Fluctuations in Population- Overshoot #2 (drop k) Overshoot #3 (crash) TYPES OF LIMITING FACTORS: 1) Space – This is the most essential limiting factor. Animals that are territorial (hunting or breeding area) are often limited by space. Loss of habitat is a loss of space for many organisms. Ex. 2) Food (nutrients) and Water (Rainfall for plants) – Lack of these will cause starvation or emigration. Organisms relying on only one typed of food are most severely affected. Ex. Predator/Prey Graph (hare and lynx) 3) Climate and weather – Temperature changes will affect plant and animal survival. Floods and severe storms also cause deaths. Ex. 4) Cover - Without places to hide organisms are more susceptible to predators and harsh weather. Ex. EdgeHabitat Fragmentation 5) Increase predation – An increase in the number of predators to an area. Ex. 6) Disease – Diseases will spread though populations with a high population density. Ex. 7) Light – Plants that cannot tolerate shade will die or fail to reproduce. Ex. 8) Human Presence - The close proximity of humans may cause certain organisms to emigrate. Ex. __________________________________________________________________________________________ CompetitionExotic Species-