Chapter 11
Vocabulary
Signal transduction pathway, local regulators, cell-to-cell signaling, paracrine
signaling, endocrine signaling, synaptic signaling, intracellular receptors, membrane
bound receptors, protein kinase, cyclic AMP, adenylyl cyclase
Essays
1. Explain the difference between cell-to-cell signaling, paracrine signaling, and
endocrine signaling.
2. Describe what happens during cell signaling. How did Sutherland figure out
that there was a signal transduction pathway?
3. Explain how a typical G-protein-linked receptor pathway works.
4. Explain, in detail, how the flight or fight response works from the visual
perception of the threat to the breaking down of glycogen into glucose-1phosphate released into the circulatory system by the liver.