CH.18-The Politics of
Protest
The Counterculture and
Continuing Social
Movements
Ch 18 Sec 1 Students & The
Counterculture
What
was the counterculture
What
was its impact on art,
of the 1960’s?
fashion, music and attitudes?
What was the conservative
response or “backlash” to the
counterculture?
Roots of Opposition-”The Times They are AChanging” Rise of the Youth Movment
College students became more involved
in social protest
 The New Left demanded sweeping
changes in American society


Students for A Democratic Society (SDS)
charged that large Corporations and large
government institutions had taken over
the US (They wanted democracy and
individual freedom) Anti-WAR
 In 1964 The Free Speech Movement grew
out of a dispute between administrators
and students at Univ. of CA at Berkeley
The Counterculture of the
1960’s

Counterculture was a movement made up
of mostly white, middle-class college
young people who were disillusioned with
the war and injustices of society
 They turned their backs on traditional
American and founded a society based on
peace and love
Hippies
Anti-Materialism,
Anti-Conformity
 Technology was
empty
 Harvard Psychology
and counterculture
philosopher Dr.
Timothy Leary urged
the youth to “Tune in,
Turn On, Drop Out!”
 Many left home, work,
and school to create
an ideal community of
peace love and

Hippie Culture
The Age of Aquarius
 Rock ’n’ Roll Music (Classic)
 Sexual Revolution (Free Love)
 Marijuana and LSD ( Illegal Drugs)
 Eastern Religions (Zen Buddhism)
 Ragged Jeans, Tie-dye shirts, military
garments, love beads and muslin shirts
 Long hair and beards
 Many joined communes
 Haight-Asbury District of SF

Art of the 1960’s

Pop-Art by Andy
Warhol
Music of the 1960’s
The music was a form of protest that
grew out of African-American rhythm and
blues of the 1950’s (Folk and Rock)
 The Beatles, The Doors, Jimi Hendrix,

Janis Joplin, Jefferson Airplane, the
Grateful Dead, the Who, Bob Dylan, Joan
Baez and the Rolling Stones
In 1969 the appex of the counterculture
was the music festival Woodstock
 The 1970 Concert at Altamont Speedway
was a disaster and ended the era of peace
and love

Ch 18 Sec 2 Women Fight for EqualityThe Feminist Movment
 What
factors led to the women’s
movement of the 1960’s?
 What were some early gains and
some losses within the women’s
movement?
 What was the legacy of the women’s
movement in employment,
education, and politics?
Women Fight for Equality
In 1920 the 19th Amendment was passed
giving women the right to vote (Women’s
Suffrage)
 In the 1960’s Feminism was the belief

that women should have economic,
political, and social equality with men
 In 1963 Betty Friedan’s Feminine
Mystique identified the “problem that has
no name” Women were not happy in the
1950’s (Men’s work v Women’s work)
 In the 1960’s women were forced into
clerical work, retail, social work, nursing,
and teaching
Women’s Activism of the
1960’s
Women were members of SNCC and SDS,
and active in the civil rights movement
 In 1966 28 women including Friedan
founded the National Organization for

Women (NOW)
NOW fought against gender bias in hiring
and in the workplace and pushed for
child-care facilities
 In 1968 the New York Radical Women
protested the Miss America Pageant in AC
 “Women’s Garbage” into “Freedom’s
Trashcan”


In 1969, a
journalist and
political activist
Gloria Steinem
joined the feminist
movement
 She founded the
National Women’s
Party Caucus

In 1972 she
founded and wrote
for Ms. (Women’s
Magazine)
The Equal Rights Amendment (ERA)
Congress passed the ERA in 1972, it was
first introduced in 1923 (Men and Women
same rights and protections)
 38 states needed to ratify it to make it
part of the Constitution ( 35 received)
 A Stop-ERA campaign was launched by
conservative religious groups, and antifeminists led by Phyllis Schlafly
 Radical Feminist “hate men, marriage,
and children”
 Fears of women being drafted, no
husband responsibility, and possible

Roe V Wade
Feminist groups supported a woman’s
right to chose to have an abortion
 In 1973 the Supreme Court ruled in favor
of the feminists
 Extremely Controversial


Pro-Choice v Pro-Life
Equality in Education
In 1972 Congress passed The
Educational Amendments
 Title IX – prohibited federally funded
schools from disciminating against
women in nearly all aspects of school
operations from admissions to
athletics

Ch 18 Sec 3 Latino Americans
Organize
 How
did the population of Latinos
grow in the US during in the 1960’s?
 How did Latinos fight for Civil
Rights?
 Who was Cesar Chavez?
 What tactics were used in the Latino
Civil Rights Movement?
Latinos of Varied Origins
Mexican Americans – 1miilion came in
1910’s following the Mexican Revolution,
some came in the 1940’s and 1950’s as
braceros, and 1 million came in the 60’s
 Puerto Ricans began immigrating after
the Spanish American War of 1898, and
by 1960’s 1miilion in the US (1/2 NYC)
 Cubans fled Castro after 1959 and large
communities formed in NYC, Miami, NJ
 During the 1960’s thousand of Central
and South American emigrated
 Most Latinos lived in barrios

Latinos Fight For Change

In 1966 Cesar Chavez and Dolores Huerta
merged their new unions to form the
United Farm Workers Organizing
Committee
 Chavez believed in non-violence in
dealing with California’s large fruit and
vegetable companies (Ex. Boycotts/Fast)
 In the 1960’s the Chicano Movement took
off, “Brown Power” and the “Brown
Berets” demanded Spanish speaking
classes and Chicano studies programs at
universities (Bilingual ED. Act of 1968)
Latino Political Power
During the 1960’s eight Hispanic
Americans served in the House and
Joseph was elected to the Senate
 In the 1940’s and 1950’s the League of
United Latin American Citizens fought in
the courts for school desegregation and
gov. funding
 In the 1970’s La Raza Unida ( Mexican
Americans United) ran Mexican
Candidates in many local elections
 In 1963 the more radical Alianza Federal
de Mercedes seized a Texas courthouse
