Sociology
Mr. McCreary
Name
Chapter 9 : Social Stratification
Chapter Summary & Fact Sheet
This chapter explains, examines, and evaluates the origins, causes, and effects of social stratification
according to most sociologists. Most sociologists believe that stratification affects virtually every
aspect of an individual’s life chances. They believe “inequality” is not a naturally-occurring
phenomena but rather socially induced (caused) by some social selective process that values some
things over others. Critics of this sociological perspective might argue that inequality is more a result
of individual decision making in the areas of education, values, and behavior.
Types of societies and the degree of social differentiation are examined. Stratification has shown to
increase as societies become more complex (industrial nations). Two basic types of stratification
systems exist in today’s world: a caste system and a class system.
Three dimensions (rewards) of social stratification in society are examined. The causes of social
stratification are explained from the structural-functionalist and the conflict perspectives.
In examining inequality in America, the book considers the distribution of income and wealth, class
consciousness, poverty, and one’s life chances. The book also analyzes social mobility in the United
States.
Textbook Analysis (use pp. 204-229 to complete)
1. How do class systems and caste systems differ?
2. What three rewards are most often used to determine social stratification? Summarize what
each means.
a.
b.
c.
3. Summarize the two theories’ views on social stratification.
a. Functionalist –
b. Conflict –
4.
Social class categories
Characteristics
5. What do sociologists see as some structural causes of:
a. upward mobility –
b. downward mobility –
6. Define “poverty level” and explain how it is determined.
7. Explain how each affect the likelihood of being poor in America.
a. sex –
b. age –
c. race & ethnicity -
8. How are transfer payments and subsidies different?
9. What did critics of government poverty programs claim and what have been some of their
reforms?