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How to Cite Information Using APA Format
(Based on the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association 6th ed.)
The list of references should appear as the last page of your research paper. Begin the list with the heading
References, centered. The entire list should be double-spaced within the lines of each citation and in
alphabetical order by the last name of each author. Here they are single spaced due to space constraints. If
the author’s name is unknown, alphabetize by the title, ignoring any initial A, An or The. For non-routine
sources (DVDs, films in databases, video webcast, brochures, etc.) list the type of source in square
brackets [ ] after the title.
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Use initials instead of first names.
For two or more authors, use an ampersand (&) rather than the word "and.”
Separate the names with commas.
Include all authors up to and including seven authors for a single resource.
When authors number eight or more, include the first six authors' names, then insert three ellipsis
points( …) and add the last author's name.
Place the date of publication in parentheses immediately after the last author's name.
Capitalize only the first word of the title and subtitle (and all proper nouns).
Books
Single author
Kaplan, J. (2015). The gratitude diaries: How a year looking on the bright side
can change your life. New York, NY: Dutton.
Two authors
Bradley, E. H., & Taylor, L. A. (2013). The American health care paradox: Why
spending more is getting us less. New York, NY: PublicAffairs.
Editors
Papadakis, M. A., & McPhee, S. J. (Eds.). (2014). Current medical diagnosis &
treatment. New York, NY: McGraw Hill Education.
Encyclopedia
Thatcher, A., & Vaughn, J. (2011). Weight lifting, injuries in. In L.J. Micheli (Ed.),
Encyclopedia of sports medicine. (Vol. 4. pp.1539-1542). Thousand Oaks, CA:
SAGE.
Article in an
edited book
Konrath, S., & Brown, S. (2013). The effect of giving on givers. In M. L. Newman
& N. A. Roberts (Eds.), Health and social relationships: The good,
the bad, and the complicated. (pp. 39-64). Washington, DC:
American Psychological Association.
eBook
Raphael-Grimm, T., & Zuccarini, M. (2015). The art of communication in nursing and
health care: An interdisciplinary approach. Retrieved from EBSCOhost eBook
database.
Print Articles
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Capitalize names of periodicals.
Italicize the title and volume number of periodicals.
Use "p." (or "pp." for plural) before page numbers of newspaper articles and works in anthologies, but
do not use it before page numbers of articles appearing in magazines and scholarly journals.
Magazine
article
Ching, A. J. (2015, November/December). Generation stress. Psychology Today, 48, 6.
Newspaper Jalonck, M. C. (2015, November 18). Produce safety rules aim to prevent illness outbreaks.
article
The Californian, p.A1.
Journal
article
Kuo, F. E., Plotkin, S. A., Mahmoud, A. F., & Farrar, J. (2015). Establishing a global vaccine
development fund. New England Journal of Medicine, 373(4), 297-300.
Internet & Databases
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Database information is not usually included.
If there is no author, begin with the title.
Insert n.d. (stands for ‘no date’) after the title when the electronic publication date is not available
Retrieval dates are no longer required unless the source is expected to change (example: wikis often
change).
Use the digital object identifier (DOI) where possible for print and nonprint sources.
When the DOI is not available for an online article retrieved directly from the Internet (not a database)
include the URL of the journal homepage preceded by the words: “Retrieved from.”
WWW site
Cannon, J. S., Jacknowitz, A., & Karoly, L. A. (2012, May) Preschool and school readiness:
Experiences of children with non-English-speaking parents. Retrieved from Public Policy
Institute of California’s website: http://www.ppic.org/content/pubs/report/R_512JCR.pdf
Subscription
service
journal
article
Zhao, X., Jiang, X., & Li, Z. (2015, May). The impact of the economic crisis on the financial
performance of multinational corporations. International Review of Economics &
Finance, 37, 55-68. doi:10.1016/j.iref.2014.11.013
Subscription
service
newspaper
article
Wang, S. S. (2015, September 1). Never procrastinate again --- new research sheds light on the
emotions behind our delay tactics, and how we can tackle them now. Wall Street
Journal, p. D1. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com
Online
Lyons, C. L. (2015, September 11). Reforming juvenile justice: Should teens who murder be
CQ Researcher
tried as adults? CQ Researcher, 25, 745-768. Retrieved from http://library.cqpress.com/
article
Opposing
Viewpoints
article
Tolsma, E. C. (2015, Winter). Protecting our herd: How a national mandatory vaccination
policy protects public health by ensuring herd immunity. Journal of Gender, Race and
Justice, 8(1), 313+. Retrieved from http://ic.galegroup.com/ic/ovic/
Films on
Demand
ABC News. (Producer). (2015).This is your brain on a shopping spree [Video].
Retrieved from http://digital.films.com/
Don’t forget to double space between the lines of each citation and indent after the first line of each citation.
If you have any questions, please ask a librarian for assistance.
12/16/15