Rocks/Minerals and Soil Goals The Earth is made of 1.) Rocks (minerals), 2.) Soil, 3.) Water, and 4.) Gases of the Atmosphere. The 3 properties we can observe in minerals are 1.) Color, 2.) Luster (shiny or dull) and 3.) Hardness (1-10 on the hardness scale) The 4 properties we can observe in soil are 1.) Color 2.) Texture 3.) Ability to Support Plant Life and 4.) Capacity to Retain Water. The 3 forms that water is found in on the Earth are solid, liquid and gas. Water can change from one form to another by adding heat or taking heat away. Name 3 Earth materials and explain how people use them: Clay, marble and stone are used for building materials. Petroleum and natural gas are sources of fuel. Soil is used to help grow plants we use for food.